433:; Ms. Hawa Aden of Somalia; Mrs. Victoria Chitepo, Minister of Environment, Zimbabwe; Dr. Shafika Nasser, member, upper house of parliament in Egypt; Dr. Eideh M. Mutlag Qanah, Advisor to the Queen of Jordan; Hedia Bacca, environmental activist in Tunisia; Margarita Marina de Botero, environmental leader in Columbia; Yolanda Kakabadse, environmental leader in Ecuador; the Hon. Sheila Dikshit, Member of the Parliament, India; Ms. Soepardjo Roestam, wife of the Prime Minister of Indonesia and leader of the Family Welfare Service; Ms. Veronica Villavicencio, of the Philippines; H.R.H Khunying (Lady) A. Meesook, Thailand; Lt. Col. Christine Deborah, Minister of Natural Resources, Ghana (a graduate of Sandhurst, UK); Ms. Eva Szilagyi, Hungary; Fiona McConnell, British Foreign Ministry; Aira Kalela, Environment/Foreign Affairs Ministry, Finland; the notable Madame Simone Weil, France; the Hon. Claudine Schneider, (R. Rhode Island) U.S. Congress; and Wangari Maathia, founder of the Greenbelt Movement in Kenya hosted an evening program the night prior to conference opening, to promote the inclusion of women in solving environmental problems, and women were invited to participate in a number of cultural events like the Nairobi Film Forum which showed films and videos by and about women and gave workshops; exhibitions of art and photography; folklore workshops; concerts; martial arts classes; field trips to local villages. Because of the favorable climate conditions, women were able to gather in the open-air for a variety of both scheduled and unscheduled functions to build networks with other participants. The Forum after 1985 shifted in a way that reflected the divide between
244:
that women ought to be able to live securely under conditions which granted them equality and justice, but there was a recognition that time is required to change traditional views and make people aware of needed change. It was noted that though legal equality had significantly improved, the disparity between the legal reality and practice was still broad. It was discussed that political tension and instability, as well as conflict added to curtailment of advancement, as did colonialism, racism, and economic stagnation. The conference noted gains in developed nations for parity of education, but significant gaps in girls education versus boys education in developing nations, which impacted future employment options as well. Though some progress had been made on women's employment, it was noted that wage gaps, higher unemployment for women than men, and child care services all contributed to women's instability. As for health, it was acknowledged that as women were typically the health care providers for their families, that more effort must be made to ensure that women were healthy to allow them to continue to serve their families. Inadequate education and health facilities, combined with high birth rates and customs or laws that allowed women to control their own fertility were continuing issues.
248:
refugee women and their children, and rural women. Water and food uncertainty needed to be addressed as women in many areas devoted the majority of their time into unpaid labors to maintain their families. Many UN programs had been expanded over the Decade for Women to incorporate women into their development programs, though it was noted that in general women's participation, and even employment in UN agencies though improved was still below targets. Programs directed at agriculture, economics, children, development, housing, health, technology and many others were examined and overall, improvement had been made in the inclusion of women's access. However, it was noted that making provisions for equality was not the same as attaining real equal opportunity. It was agreed that the cultural role in maintaining
450:
understanding by governments of the needs of their women constituents, a willingness of donors to help women integrate into development and increased effectiveness of NGOs in their activism, the list of topics covered in the
Strategies was more extensive, including topics such as: agriculture, communications, constitutional and legal issues, education, employment, energy needs, environmental and water concerns, food security, health, housing, science and technology, social services, social and political equality as well as increased participation. The major themes development, equality, and peace were retained as were focuses on racism and refugees. The document endorsed new strategies moving to the year 2000 and replaced the words
438:
fundamental shift occurred which recognized that no matter the system, women were subordinate and that promoting a world view from women's perspectives allowed them to transcend their differences and focus on the commonalities they shared. For example, aboriginal women recognized that where ever they were from, they battled for indigenous land rights; Arab and
Israeli women discussed the need for peace; women lawyers whether from Islamic countries in South Asia or Catholic countries in Latin America recognized the struggle for women's rights under patriarchal religious systems.
477:. These were indicative of the types of exponential growth in NGOs dealing with women and their issues which were founded after the conference ended. Many of the organizations were information-sharing groups which pooled their resources and strategies to create innovative solutions. These networks, shifted the flow of activism and scholarship from the global North toward the Southern hemispheres and from top-down social structures to those which forge coalitions across cultural, racial and social boundaries. The conference also marked a turning point in the silence regarding
1933:
1906:
1851:
1798:
405:; motherhood and development programs for families; political prisoners; prostitution; systemic discrimination against women; violence; women and development; women and religion; women and technology; as well as lesbian workshops and many other topics in some 1200 workshops scheduled throughout the duration of the conference. The lesbian workshops were the "first public discussion of lesbianism in Kenya" and resulted in a lesbian press conference in which it was acknowledged that lesbianism wasn't a
91:. At that meeting, it was proposed that the following decade be proclaimed UN Decade for Women and follow-up meetings to assess progress be held in 1980 and 1985. The General Assembly adopted a World Plan of Action with recommended targets for governments to integrate women's equality, development and participation in peace initiatives. The mid-point meeting was held in
392:
In addition to the basic themes of the official session, the Forum was asked to address issues concerning women who were poor, elderly, migrant or refugees, youth and address women in media. Round table discussions, workshops and two plenary sessions were established. The array of topics discussed in
247:
Projects throughout the decade had drawn awareness to the need to advance women's opportunities and statistic gathering had improved to measure their progress or lack of advancement. Violence against women was a prevalent problem as was the insecurity of indigenous women, elderly women, migrant and
243:
welcomed participants, expressing his hope that the conference would prove successful and that the objectives for women would not be obscured by distractions. Opening remarks by
Margaret Kenyatta on the history of the conference were followed by the general discussion. The general session discussed
159:
diplomat served as the
Secretary-General and made the crucial suggestion that off-the-record discussion by delegates would decrease the polarity which had plagued the previous conferences and would allow a more open discussion and lead to compromise. There were 157 countries represented with around
348:
of
Australia, discussed the remaining chapters of the Strategies. Both committees recommended approving the draft and a discussion with the general session followed with a line by line review of the document. Though both committees evaluated a number of draft resolutions, there was inadequate time
489:
made a decision after
Nairobi to conduct world surveys on women every five years in a continuing effort to follow-up on the implementation of the Strategies for women. One of the most important outcomes was moving women out of obscurity and establishing specific mechanisms for measuring women's
437:
versus conservatism, as opposed to the polarized capitalist-socialist divide which had split prior conferences. It was recognized by the participants that global problems were women's issues, but that within their governmental systems, there was either a desire to promote or curtail change. A
449:
was adopted by consensus because of a strategy developed which allowed delegates to express reservations on the basis of individual paragraphs, rather than of the document as a whole. Because of stronger transnational relationships had been forged by the previous two conferences increased
131:. The question would be whether the conference could remain focused on women's issues in the face of Soviet accusations that the United States imperialistic and war mongering tactics were undermining the goals of the Decade for Women and the US concerns that the
466:
373:. Unlike the facilities in Copenhagen, in Kenya, a kindergarten was set up for delegates' children. A Peace Tent was set up on the lawn of the university and hosted sessions about conflict and its impact of war on women. Among prominent attendees were:
409:
concept, but instead effected women's rights throughout the globe. It also resulted in a proposal from one of the Dutch representatives for lesbian rights to be addressed in the official conference documents. In a workshop on development,
256:
was a complex issue which would involve dedicated effort to change school curricula and transform media messaging to enable women real access to socio-economic, cultural, legal and political parity. It was noted that for the first time,
95:, adding sections to the revised Programme of Action devoted to ensuring women equal access to education, employment opportunities, and adequate health care. Both of the previous conferences had struggled with the divide caused by
369:, president of the United Nations' Conference of Non-governmental Organizations (CONGO). It was attended by more than 15,000 people, of which 60% were representatives from non-industrialized nations, and was held at the
1335:
482:
1435:
426:. They recommended that GAD, a strategic long-term planning method, become the new standard, which focused on designing systems specifically related to women and their growth.
1805:
1464:"Revisiting the United Nations decade for women: Brief reflections on feminism, capitalism and Cold War politics in the early years of the international women's movement"
419:
1806:
Report of the World
Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace—Nairobi, 15–26 July 1985
415:
1547:. Women's Movement and Internationalisation ECPR Workshop: Mannheim, 26–31 March 1999. Colchester, England: European Consortium for Political Research. Archived from
1518:(24). Brussels, Belgium: Commission of the European Communities: Directorate-General Information, Communication; Culture Women's Information Service. Archived from
75:
had not been met, the conference recommended and the
General Assembly approved on-going evaluation of women's achievements and failures through the year 2000.
1539:
1985:
1262:
1722:
120:
193:
1975:
1950:
1746:
236:
1347:
1339:
1471:
2010:
1628:
1598:
474:
1858:
99:
politics and the needs of the developing world. The geopolitical backdrop entering into the third conference was still contentious with a
2000:
1965:
414:
brought forward the idea that "Gender and
Development" (GAD) should replace the former strategy "Women in Development" (WID) used by the
1960:
402:
462:
446:
56:
2005:
1698:
1443:
1812:
1649:
1421:
262:
1363:
Chen, Martha Alter (September 1995). "Engendering World
Conferences: The International Women's Movement and the United Nations".
1955:
486:
382:
52:
44:
470:
1593:(in French and English). Vol. 31. Brussels, Belgium: Sextant, Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles. pp. 25–41.
232:
84:
72:
2015:
1990:
124:
277:
201:
1639:
269:
1995:
1548:
108:
104:
1508:
1463:
2020:
1980:
1970:
1275:
430:
398:
148:
60:
1772:
1730:
422:(DAWN)'s belief that WID simply tried to insert women into existing systems without reducing or changing their
48:
1583:
39:, Kenya, as the end-of-decade assessment of progress and failure in implementing the goals established by the
1882:
71:
to emerge from being a hidden topic into one which needed to be addressed. Recognizing that the goals of the
293:
1932:
1905:
1850:
1797:
345:
1913:
1271:
478:
68:
1756:
285:
197:
128:
1365:
370:
329:
152:
100:
429:
In addition to the workshops, the United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) Senior Women Advisors,
485:
in 1993. Since the objectives of the Decade for Women had not achieved the goals set out in 1975, the
1560:
1411:
301:
40:
1831:
135:
attempts at politicization would derail any real improvement in the unique problems faced by women.
1751:
1661:
625:
623:
621:
619:
169:
337:
1777:
1686:
1565:
1459:
1390:
1343:
1179:
458:
with the more general term racism, to maintain the focus on women rather than polarizing issues.
394:
1866:
1669:(1). Long Beach, California: Society for History Education, California State University: 19–29.
1659:
Zinsser, Judith P. (November 1990). "The United Nations Decade for Women: A Quiet Revolution".
17:
1678:
1645:
1624:
1616:
1594:
1488:
1417:
1398:
1382:
1312:
1171:
112:
1670:
1480:
1374:
1163:
366:
349:
for the general session to review the resolutions and no formal action was taken upon them.
181:
461:
Out of the conference forum, several women's groups emerged that would become influential:
1706:
1413:
Women for all Seasons: The Story of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
1331:
1294:
374:
240:
189:
1917:
1890:
1835:
1782:
1431:
386:
313:
258:
205:
87:. As part of the celebrations they held the First World Conference on Women in 1975 in
64:
1944:
1154:(January 2003). "Women in Movement Transformations in African Political Landscapes".
1151:
603:
601:
434:
406:
378:
321:
116:
221:
209:
161:
132:
1264:
Reviewing United Nations World Conferences on Women for Korean Women's Empowerment
1183:
63:, unlike the previous two conferences. The conference marked the first time that
1167:
467:
Comité de América Latina y El Caribe para la Defensa de los Derechos de la Mujer
358:
317:
297:
253:
213:
156:
88:
1484:
147:, Kenya was the final review of the decade and was led by conference president
1541:
Engendering the Global Agenda: A Success Story of Women and the United Nations
1378:
423:
411:
217:
92:
1682:
1492:
1386:
1316:
1175:
451:
393:
formal and impromptu meetings was vast, including such topics as childcare;
1402:
521:
519:
362:
333:
325:
281:
273:
185:
177:
96:
1589:. In Piette, Valérie; van der Dussen, Sophie; Paternotte, David (eds.).
1519:
1394:
455:
341:
289:
144:
36:
1690:
1299:
249:
225:
173:
261:
were introduced at an official UN conference by the Dutch delegate,
1674:
1604:
1442:. Alexandria, Virginia: Alexander Street Press, LLC. Archived from
1311:(4). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 213–221.
67:
were introduced in a UN official meeting and the turning-point for
1699:"1985 World Conference on Women: Nairobi, Kenya, July 15–26, 1985"
305:
165:
200:
head of the Canadian delegation, who was the coordinator for the
160:
1,400 official delegates, including such prominent delegates as:
1623:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 177–196.
1617:"The United Nations Women's Conferences and Feminist Politics"
929:
914:
899:
884:
856:
854:
842:
827:
812:
797:
782:
767:
752:
737:
722:
629:
55:. Of significance during the conference was the result of the
1811:(Report). New York City: United Nations. 1986. Archived from
1060:
525:
1436:"UN Decade for Women: The Power of Words and Organizations"
1300:"Opening Doors for Feminism: UN World Conferences on Women"
1729:. London, England: Stakeholder Forum. 2002. Archived from
401:; the growth of women's studies; legal rights; literacy;
1644:(1st ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
1584:"Recognizing Gender and Sexuality at the United Nations"
483:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
365:
chaired and organized the Forum, with the assistance of
83:
In 1975, the United Nations approved the celebration of
1591:
Habemus gender! DĂ©construction d'une riposte religieuse
1373:(3). Abingdon, England: Taylor & Francis: 477–493.
1135:
1020:
1018:
990:
988:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
671:
447:
Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women
310:
Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women
57:
Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women
1865:. Freetown, Sierra Leone. 7 March 2007. Archived from
1914:"Workshops mark end of United Nations Women's Decade"
1705:. 5th Women's World Conference. 2008. Archived from
588:
586:
584:
582:
481:, which would ultimately lead to the passage of the
1755:. London, England. 6 February 2006. Archived from
1298:
607:
308:, discussed the first three chapters of the draft
463:Asian-Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development
420:Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era
1416:. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press.
416:United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
143:The 1985 Conference held from 15 and 26 July in
644:
1619:. In Meyer, Mary K.; PrĂĽgl, Elisabeth (eds.).
1479:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 3–12.
1336:Lesbians Travel the Roads of Feminism Globally
389:head of the Kenyan NGO committee; and others.
1723:"3rd World Conference on Women, Nairobi 1985"
1075:
1006:
860:
8:
510:
1859:"A Woman of Substance: Ms. Carolyn McAskie"
1270:(Master of Arts). College Park, Maryland:
1156:International Feminist Journal of Politics
35:took place between 15 and 26 July 1985 in
1440:Women and Social Movements, International
212:, the French Minister of Women's Rights;
194:Canadian International Development Agency
155:, widowed mother of three children and a
1834:. Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada:
1024:
312:. The second committee, under the chair
1641:Women, politics, and the United Nations
1244:
1232:
1220:
1123:
956:
872:
686:
561:
537:
503:
237:Secretary-General of the United Nations
1773:"Liberation differs for world's women"
1099:
1048:
1036:
994:
944:
710:
698:
659:
592:
573:
471:Women in Law and Development in Africa
1338:(Report). New Brunswick, New Jersey:
979:
268:The first committee, under the chair
7:
1621:Gender Politics in Global Governance
1340:Center for Women's Global Leadership
1208:
1196:
549:
1986:20th-century diplomatic conferences
1472:Women's Studies International Forum
1111:
1087:
475:Tanzania Media Women's Association
45:1975 inaugural conference on women
25:
1559:Sciolino, Elaine (29 July 1985).
263:Annelien Kappeyne van de Coppello
1931:
1904:
1849:
1796:
208:, daughter of the US president;
119:causing widespread uncertainty,
1976:1985 in international relations
1951:Diplomatic conferences in Kenya
487:United Nations General Assembly
383:National Organization for Women
377:, a US lesbian activist ;
111:, protectionist policies under
33:Third World Conference on Women
29:World Conference on Women, 1985
18:Third World Conference on Women
1916:. San Bernardino, California:
1509:"The Nairobi World Conference"
931:Report of the World Conference
916:Report of the World Conference
901:Report of the World Conference
886:Report of the World Conference
844:Report of the World Conference
829:Report of the World Conference
814:Report of the World Conference
799:Report of the World Conference
784:Report of the World Conference
769:Report of the World Conference
754:Report of the World Conference
739:Report of the World Conference
724:Report of the World Conference
631:Report of the World Conference
526:Women's World Conferences 2008
418:(CSW). This mirrored the NGO,
129:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1:
1062:The San Bernardino County Sun
2011:Kenya and the United Nations
1507:Maters, Karen (April 1986).
1334:; Hinojosa, Claudia (2000).
1168:10.1080/1461674032000080585
397:; credit; family planning;
202:Minister of Status of Women
2037:
1961:United Nations conferences
1838:. 18 June 1986. p. 12
1832:"Scott named co-ordinator"
1485:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.11.008
1410:Foster, Catherine (1989).
1305:Journal of Women's History
85:International Women's Year
2006:Lesbian culture in Africa
1920:. 11 July 1985. p. 7
1893:. 28 July 1985. p. 8
1883:"Women's conference ends"
1785:. 28 July 1985. p. 6
1379:10.1080/01436599550036013
1076:Bunch & Hinojosa 2000
861:Bunch & Hinojosa 2000
403:media portrayals of women
399:female genital mutilation
320:, with vice-chairs, Dame
231:After opening remarks by
49:World Programme of Action
1538:Pietilä, Hilkka (1999).
2001:Women's rights in Kenya
1966:1985 in women's history
1887:The Ukiah Daily Journal
1561:"In Nairobi, Consensus"
1137:The Ukiah Daily Journal
673:The Chilliwack Progress
233:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
1638:Winslow, Anne (1995).
1615:West, Lois A. (1999).
1582:Swiebel, Joke (2015).
1272:University of Maryland
1261:Bae, Geum-Joo (2004).
479:violence against women
294:Laetitia van den Assum
121:stagnation of the USSR
69:violence against women
1889:. Ukiah, California:
1366:Third World Quarterly
371:University of Nairobi
101:worldwide debt crisis
1610:on 27 December 2016.
1350:on 12 September 2015
276:, with vice-chairs,
41:World Plan of Action
2016:Gatherings of women
1991:Reproductive rights
1956:Women's conferences
1752:The Daily Telegraph
1662:The History Teacher
848:, pp. 126–127.
833:, pp. 121–125.
818:, pp. 119–120.
803:, pp. 117–118.
773:, pp. 109–111.
286:Olimpia Solomonescu
239:, Kenyan President
192:an official at the
139:Official conference
47:as modified by the
1781:. Salina, Kansas:
1778:The Salina Journal
1709:on 1 November 2016
1566:The New York Times
1432:Fraser, Arvonne S.
1344:Rutgers University
609:The Salina Journal
473:(WILDAF), and the
395:consumer education
344:, with Rapporteur
330:Konjit SineGiorgis
300:, with Rapporteur
176:; Saida Hassan of
127:build up, and the
1727:Earth Summit 2002
1630:978-0-8476-9161-6
1600:978-2-800-41594-9
1235:, pp. 23–24.
1114:, pp. 20–22.
1051:, pp. 55–56.
947:, pp. 95–97.
511:Earth Summit 2002
431:Margaret Kenyatta
381:, founder of the
149:Margaret Kenyatta
113:Margaret Thatcher
59:being adopted by
53:second conference
16:(Redirected from
2028:
2021:Women in Nairobi
1981:1980s in Nairobi
1971:1985 conferences
1936:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1818:on 22 April 2017
1817:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1694:
1655:
1634:
1611:
1609:
1603:. Archived from
1588:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1555:
1553:
1546:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1468:
1460:Ghodsee, Kristen
1455:
1453:
1451:
1427:
1406:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1346:. Archived from
1332:Bunch, Charlotte
1327:
1325:
1323:
1302:
1295:Bunch, Charlotte
1290:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1274:. Archived from
1269:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1152:Tripp, Aili Mari
1148:
1142:
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1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
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998:
992:
983:
977:
960:
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948:
942:
936:
927:
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906:
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858:
849:
840:
834:
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819:
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804:
795:
789:
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774:
765:
759:
750:
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735:
729:
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714:
708:
702:
696:
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684:
678:
669:
663:
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651:
642:
636:
627:
614:
605:
596:
590:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
523:
514:
508:
367:Edith Ballantyne
278:Kulsum Saifullah
228:; among others.
182:Elena Lagadinova
73:Decade for Women
21:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2025:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1881:
1872:
1870:
1863:Awareness Times
1857:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1762:
1760:
1747:"Betty Friedan"
1745:
1736:
1734:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1697:
1658:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1586:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1569:. New York City
1558:
1554:on 13 May 2017.
1551:
1544:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1516:Women of Europe
1511:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1466:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1430:
1424:
1409:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1330:
1321:
1319:
1297:(Winter 2012).
1293:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1267:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1090:, p. 9-12.
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1016:
1005:
1001:
993:
986:
978:
963:
955:
951:
943:
939:
928:
924:
913:
909:
898:
894:
883:
879:
875:, pp. 1–2.
871:
867:
859:
852:
841:
837:
826:
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811:
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721:
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709:
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697:
693:
685:
681:
670:
666:
658:
654:
646:Awareness Times
643:
639:
628:
617:
606:
599:
591:
580:
572:
568:
564:, pp. 7–8.
560:
556:
548:
544:
540:, pp. 5–7.
536:
532:
524:
517:
509:
505:
501:
496:
444:
424:paternal nature
375:Charlotte Bunch
355:
302:Diaroumeye Gany
241:Daniel arap Moi
198:Maureen O'Neill
190:Carolyn McAskie
153:Leticia Shahani
141:
81:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Women's rights
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1918:Newspapers.com
1910:
1891:Newspapers.com
1879:
1869:on 12 May 2017
1855:
1836:Newspapers.com
1828:
1802:
1783:Newspapers.com
1769:
1759:on 12 May 2017
1743:
1733:on 28 May 2016
1719:
1695:
1675:10.2307/494202
1656:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1612:
1599:
1579:
1556:
1535:
1525:on 11 May 2017
1504:
1456:
1446:on 8 July 2013
1428:
1422:
1407:
1360:
1328:
1291:
1281:on 12 May 2017
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1211:, p. 480.
1201:
1199:, p. 479.
1189:
1162:(2): 233–255.
1143:
1128:
1116:
1104:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1014:
999:
984:
982:, p. 217.
961:
959:, p. 145.
949:
937:
935:, p. 157.
922:
920:, p. 143.
907:
905:, p. 131.
892:
890:, p. 129.
877:
865:
850:
835:
820:
805:
790:
788:, p. 117.
775:
760:
758:, p. 101.
745:
743:, p. 100.
730:
715:
703:
691:
679:
664:
652:
637:
635:, p. 104.
615:
597:
578:
566:
554:
552:, p. 180.
542:
530:
515:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
443:
440:
387:Eddah Gachukia
354:
351:
314:Rosario Manalo
259:lesbian rights
206:Maureen Reagan
140:
137:
80:
77:
65:lesbian rights
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2033:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
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1651:0-313-29522-0
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1423:0-8203-1147-2
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1306:
1301:
1296:
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1273:
1266:
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1259:
1258:
1253:
1247:, p. 22.
1246:
1241:
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1234:
1229:
1226:
1223:, p. 17.
1222:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1205:
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1193:
1190:
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1177:
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1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1102:, p. 55.
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1078:, p. 10.
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:, p. 54.
1038:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:Sciolino 1985
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1008:The Telegraph
1003:
1000:
997:, p. 56.
996:
991:
989:
985:
981:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
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893:
889:
887:
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878:
874:
869:
866:
863:, p. 11.
862:
857:
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832:
830:
824:
821:
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776:
772:
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764:
761:
757:
755:
749:
746:
742:
740:
734:
731:
728:, p. 98.
727:
725:
719:
716:
713:, p. 12.
712:
707:
704:
701:, p. 48.
700:
695:
692:
688:
683:
680:
677:, p. 12.
676:
674:
668:
665:
661:
656:
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641:
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435:progressivism
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379:Betty Friedan
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322:Billie Miller
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170:Ylva Ericsson
167:
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118:
117:Ronald Reagan
114:
110:
109:Latin America
106:
102:
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94:
90:
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78:
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74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1922:. Retrieved
1895:. Retrieved
1886:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:the original
1862:
1840:. Retrieved
1820:. Retrieved
1813:the original
1787:. Retrieved
1776:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1750:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:the original
1726:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:the original
1702:
1666:
1660:
1640:
1620:
1605:the original
1590:
1571:. Retrieved
1564:
1549:the original
1540:
1527:. Retrieved
1520:the original
1515:
1496:. Retrieved
1476:
1470:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:the original
1439:
1412:
1370:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:the original
1320:. Retrieved
1308:
1304:
1283:. Retrieved
1276:the original
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1245:Zinsser 1990
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1233:Pietilä 1999
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1124:Ghodsee 2010
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1107:
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1071:
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1044:
1032:
1007:
1002:
957:Winslow 1995
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940:
930:
925:
915:
910:
900:
895:
885:
880:
873:Swiebel 2015
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843:
838:
828:
823:
813:
808:
798:
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783:
778:
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763:
753:
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723:
718:
706:
694:
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687:Ghodsee 2010
682:
672:
667:
662:, p. 9.
655:
645:
640:
630:
613:, p. 6.
608:
576:, p. 7.
569:
562:Ghodsee 2010
557:
545:
538:Ghodsee 2010
533:
506:
460:
445:
428:
391:
356:
338:Eva Szilagyi
309:
267:
246:
230:
222:Tom Vraalsen
210:Yvette Roudy
162:Phoebe Asiyo
142:
133:Eastern Bloc
82:
32:
28:
26:
1100:Maters 1986
1049:Maters 1986
1037:Maters 1986
995:Maters 1986
945:Foster 1989
711:Maters 1986
699:Maters 1986
660:Maters 1986
593:Fraser 2013
574:Maters 1986
407:Westernized
359:Nita Barrow
318:Philippines
298:Netherlands
254:stereotypes
214:Jean Spautz
103:soaring in
89:Mexico City
1945:Categories
980:Bunch 2012
494:References
490:progress.
469:(CLADEM),
412:Helen Safa
346:Helen Ware
218:Luxembourg
157:Philippine
93:Copenhagen
1683:0018-2745
1493:0277-5395
1387:0143-6597
1317:1042-7961
1209:Chen 1995
1197:Chen 1995
1176:1461-6742
550:West 1999
499:Citations
465:(APWLD),
452:Apartheid
125:arms race
61:consensus
43:from the
1462:(2010).
1434:(2013).
1403:12319875
1112:Bae 2004
1088:Bae 2004
442:Outcomes
363:Barbados
334:Ethiopia
326:Barbados
282:Pakistan
274:Colombia
252:and sex
186:Bulgaria
178:Djibouti
97:Cold War
1395:3992888
456:Zionism
385:(NOW);
342:Hungary
316:of the
296:of the
290:Romania
145:Nairobi
79:History
51:of the
37:Nairobi
31:or the
1924:13 May
1897:13 May
1873:12 May
1842:12 May
1822:12 May
1789:13 May
1763:12 May
1737:11 May
1713:11 May
1691:494202
1689:
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1597:
1573:12 May
1529:12 May
1491:
1450:11 May
1420:
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1393:
1385:
1354:11 May
1322:10 May
1315:
1285:12 May
1184:247676
1182:
1174:
336:, and
292:, and
250:sexism
226:Norway
174:Sweden
123:, the
105:Africa
1816:(PDF)
1809:(PDF)
1687:JSTOR
1608:(PDF)
1587:(PDF)
1552:(PDF)
1545:(PDF)
1523:(PDF)
1512:(PDF)
1498:7 May
1467:(PDF)
1391:JSTOR
1279:(PDF)
1268:(PDF)
1180:S2CID
357:Dame
353:Forum
306:Niger
166:Kenya
1926:2017
1899:2017
1875:2017
1844:2017
1824:2017
1791:2017
1765:2017
1739:2017
1715:2017
1703:5WWC
1679:ISSN
1646:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1575:2017
1531:2017
1500:2017
1489:ISSN
1452:2017
1418:ISBN
1399:PMID
1383:ISSN
1356:2017
1324:2017
1313:ISSN
1287:2017
1172:ISSN
1139:1985
1064:1985
1010:2006
933:1986
918:1986
903:1986
888:1986
846:1986
831:1986
816:1986
801:1986
786:1986
771:1986
756:1986
741:1986
726:1986
675:1986
648:2007
633:1986
611:1985
454:and
115:and
107:and
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1671:doi
1481:doi
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361:of
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