379:, discussed an agenda identical to the first committee's focal points. Apartheid was rejected and the committee recommended that with its eradication, women in South Africa and bordering refugee states should be compensated with the means to reconstruct their societies in ways that created avenues for women's participation. With regard to the review of the Programme, the committee noted that without change in socio-economic systems, equality for women remained elusive. It was noted that globalization led to an increasing need to pursue paths for disarmament, peace and international cooperation. It was also noted that regional systems needed to be fully integrated to allow women's participation but additionally new programs organized specifically for women should be explored. The situation of refugee women, their vulnerabilities to exploitation and violence and the need to protect their human rights. On the question of Palestinian women, the committee recognized that material assistance would do little to stop insecurity unless Israel ended its colonization, returned land to its owners and worked toward a durable peace. The committee examined several draft resolutions regarding peace initiatives, refugees, water insecurity, and adding women to census figures, as well as draft resolutions on health and welfare,
348:
eliminate illiteracy but to make them aware of social and political processes and how they could be part of decision-making mechanisms. Apartheid and racism were condemned by the committee, as was the
Zionist policy of Israel which was linked to racism. The discussion on the Palestinian right to self-determination was endorsed, though it was noted that when the Palestinian people as a whole were denied basic human rights, discussing the rights of only women was futile. Various draft resolutions, including resolutions to improve education and training, address women with disabilities, provide support for women migrants and refugees, provide economic security for elderly women, and to address violence against women. With modifications, the committee recommended approval of the Programme and accepted CEDAW with few reservations.
415:. The success of developing transnational networks of women was evident in the expansion of attendees at the NGO Tribune from 6000 participants in Mexico City to around 8000 in Copenhagen. Many complained of the inadequacy of the forum facilities, including the fact that child care had not been considered. The forum was split into small sessions consisting of around 200 meetings per day. Because of the lack of translators, and the fact that conferences were labeled as of concern to developed or developing nations, in-depth discussion was difficult and often barely touched the surface of issues.
64:. These documents took the United Nations themes—Development, Equality, and Peace—of their path for women and created guidelines for nations to reach long-term objectives to improve the lives of women. When they were adopted, the UN established 1975 to 1985 as the Decade for Women and put in motion a plan for subsequent conferences to evaluate progress being made. The format of the conference was the same, with the official session made up of delegates representing their governments and the Tribune, representing NGOs.
2030:
1977:
1894:
1783:
1527:
296:
reports. Decreased earnings had elevated health concerns. While literacy rates for middle class women increased, overall illiteracy among women increased. One of the most contentious issues discussed was the situation of households headed by women. Many officials denied that there could be such a thing, as legally in their countries women were not allowed to be the head of a household. On the other hand, one of the most memorable moments was when the delegates signed the
558:
the North against each other. The question for continued participation in the conferences left many asking if the focus could be shifted away from political issues and return to the problems related to women: aging; credit for economic development; double duties between work and family; fertility versus infertility; shortage of heat and inadequate water, support systems and lack of them; women’s health; and violence against women.
554:
the real needs of women to participate in decision-making and economic development, and benefit equally in family matters, health, education and employment. Multiple countries which had abstained from voting expressed disappointment that the process, rather than dealing with women's issues, had duplicated work better suited for the
General Assembly.
150:, discrimination against women would vanish. Partisan political issues, such as insertion of the socialist economic system into the section dealing with the historical perspective on women, the repeated interruption of Israeli delegates with Muslim drummers and singers, and a storming of the conference by women protesting the
538:, rural women, unemployment, and youth. The Programme also included a section regarding water insecurity, but the most significant changes to the previous Plan of Action were sections devoted to ensuring equal access to education, employment opportunities, and adequate health care. The Conference established the
553:
The conference was seen by those who rejected the
Programme as having been a failed process. Rather than a serious discussion of the inequalities between men and women, the conference had limited discussion to politicizing international events, ideological principals and controversies, which obscured
124:
and South Africa boycotted the convention altogether. Having to hastily relocate the conference to
Denmark, also impacted the accommodations available, in that there was no space large enough to accommodate the entire Tribune, which meant that rather than the entire group participating in exchange to
557:
Overall, the conference and forum conference were marred by conflict and politicization of international and national events which had little to do with women's issues. The official agenda was obscured by nationalist causes pitting the developing countries of the South and the developed countries of
290:
and socialist claims of women's advancement in centrally planned economies in which the state had an obligation to prevent and an accountability for discrimination against women. Having established mechanisms in the previous conference to gather data on the status of women, review of the statistical
295:
and industrialization in the period had led to significant increases in unemployment and benefits for women. Jobs which were available confined women to insecure, low-paid, and sex-stereotyped jobs and as much of their labor was toward unpaid production, it was still invisible in compiled economic
36:, which took place during the opening ceremony of the conference. Marred by conflict and the politicization of international and national events that had little to do with women's issues, the conference was viewed by some participants as a failure. They were able to secure passage of a modified
347:
of many jobs open to women in developing countries. The committee discussed that more effort should be made to retrain laborers when their positions were eliminated by technological advances and that legal protections should be enacted. Also of grave concern was education of women to not only
61:
291:
data showed that women's security had dwindled over the preceding five-year period. Among the documentation were statistics showing that while women put in two-thirds of all working hours, they received only one-tenth of the income, owning one-hundredth of its assets.
462:, western feminists were advised that the issue was a developing world problem and not their concern. Lesbians attendees hosted five workshops, which were well attended and less controversial than at the 1975 conference. Some of the prominent women attendees were
163:
145:
subverted the discussion from being about what women needed to what the various governments needed from women or for women to reach their national goals. At one point, it was suggested that if
Westernized nations would provide more funding for
445:
The politicization of the official conference also influenced the NGO Tribune, resulting in tensions and displays of nationalism, such as
Iranian women holding a news conference to celebrate their revolution by calling for the use of the
297:
115:
issued instructions to its delegates that they would not approve any resolution which attempted to make what should be an apolitical conference into an indictment of government policy or any resolution which mentioned the word
33:
267:, the wife of Robert Mugabe, prime minister of a newly-independent Zimbabwe, was elected vice president of the conference to honor the role of Zimbabwe's women in the anti-colonial struggle.
1451:
502:. As they had in Mexico City, the members of the Forum continued the tradition of presenting their additions to the Programme of Action at the official session. A group of women led by
1984:
400:
1556:
339:
on women; the progress and obstacles in attaining the objectives of the World Plan of Action; and the proposal for the World
Programme of Action for the second-half of the
1681:"Revisiting the United Nations decade for women: Brief reflections on feminism, capitalism and Cold War politics in the early years of the international women's movement"
514:
The most significant outcome of the conference was the official signing of CEDAW by the delegates at the opening ceremony. The conference adopted the official
286:, Danish prime minister, spoke briefly, followed by opening remarks by Lise Østergaard, followed by the general discussion. Debates were strongly affected by
2082:
2047:
1639:
2072:
1925:
2107:
506:
were met by police and barred from entering the plenary meeting until
Lucille Mair met with them and allowed the recommendations to be presented.
412:
275:
1463:
1455:
1688:
1602:
2097:
1842:
1591:
1545:
1490:
1991:
2062:
2057:
209:
515:
2102:
1901:
1564:
1863:
428:
343:. Of major concern was labor insecurity, caused either by the introduction of technologies which replaced women laborers or by the
32:
at the 1975 inaugural conference on women. The most significant event to come out of the conference was the formal signing of the
387:, and integrating women into the UN system and programs. With modifications, the committee recommended approval of the Programme.
1985:
Report of the World
Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace—Copenhagen 14–30 July 1980
360:
142:
2052:
539:
487:
53:
151:
1725:
1730:
424:
141:, a Jamaican academic and single mother, whose primary focus was on the development theme of the triad. Discussion on the
157:
One hundred forty-five states with around 1500 delegates participated in the official session, including delegates like:
2112:
2087:
2077:
1651:
503:
336:
40:
to expand on previous targets to improve women's status and establish a follow-up conference for the end of the decade.
495:
404:
1853:
2092:
340:
177:
158:
1680:
2067:
232:
522:
and the United States. It included sections to create women's bureaus or agencies, defined the roles of NGO and
37:
320:
217:
28:, Denmark, as the mid-decade assessment of progress and failure in implementing the goals established by the
2029:
1976:
1893:
1782:
1526:
1663:
328:
169:
112:
1935:
518:
with a vote of ninety-four favorable votes, twenty-two abstentions, and four opposed—Australia, Canada,
491:
138:
222:
384:
147:
92:
57:
29:
1622:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
819:
817:
815:
1930:
459:
292:
240:
88:
467:
403:(WILPF) and president of the United Nations Conference of Non-governmental Organizations (CONGO).
1956:
1874:
1817:
1506:
1459:
352:
279:
84:
2010:
1763:
283:
134:
1951:
1501:
111:
by the various participants, rather than remaining focused on women's issues. To that end, the
1859:
1838:
1830:
1809:
1705:
1655:
1614:
1587:
1541:
1486:
1480:
1428:
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organizations, and established target issues countries were to monitor. Those issues included
96:
62:
Declaration of Mexico on the
Equality of Women and Their Contribution to Development and Peace
1752:
1581:
1535:
1801:
1697:
915:
913:
535:
455:
396:
368:
256:
193:
79:
was the more important factor in the subordination of women. Initially planned to occur in
1909:
1792:
1447:
1410:
479:
475:
420:
380:
344:
282:
welcomed participants and expressed her hope that the conference would prove productive.
133:
The conference was the mid-point review of the decade, and the conference president was
2014:
1961:
1878:
1767:
1511:
711:
709:
463:
416:
395:
The planning of the 1980 Tribune, or Forum as it was called in Copenhagen, was led by
2041:
531:
483:
287:
271:
248:
185:
440:
304:
264:
189:
121:
68:
1735:
451:
312:
201:
108:
107:
became topics that were added to the agenda and ensured that the event would be
1701:
527:
523:
260:
244:
49:
25:
1813:
1709:
1659:
1618:
1432:
1613:(2). Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Mount Saint Vincent University: 194–201.
137:, Cultural Minister of Denmark. The secretary-general of the conference was
104:
67:
As with the previous conference, the Copenhagen conference was beset by the
577:
575:
298:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
34:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
372:
324:
308:
181:
72:
1757:. New York City: UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service. GGKEY:K1H1G5PGUBB.
1821:
543:
499:
432:
376:
332:
316:
228:
197:
117:
100:
1415:
303:
The first committee, under the chair Maïmouna Kane, with vice-chairs,
519:
364:
356:
351:
The second committee, under the chair Sheila Kaul, with vice-chairs,
252:
236:
213:
173:
91:, escalated the political backdrop as did the continuing tensions of
80:
76:
1805:
1563:. Alexandria, Virginia: Alexander Street Press, LLC. Archived from
1427:(4). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 213–221.
1607:
Atlantis: Critical Studies in Gender, Culture & Social Justice
547:
471:
447:
205:
1583:
Developing Power: How Women Transformed International Development
1837:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 177–196.
1540:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
408:
56:, which had been held in Mexico City in 1975, establishing the
1902:"1980 World Conference on Women: Copenhagen, July 14–30, 1980"
1831:"The United Nations Women's Conferences and Feminist Politics"
1800:(3). Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press: 531–537.
1378:
1363:
1144:
1129:
1114:
1099:
1084:
1069:
1054:
1039:
1024:
1009:
994:
979:
964:
949:
934:
889:
874:
847:
823:
776:
1990:(Report). New York City: United Nations. 1980. Archived from
1243:
1241:
1239:
581:
1557:"UN Decade for Women: The Power of Words and Organizations"
1485:. Suva, Fiji: IPS Publications, University of the Pacific.
1416:"Opening Doors for Feminism: UN World Conferences on Women"
1226:
1224:
1222:
125:
create unity, the group was splintered into small venues.
1858:(1st ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
1603:"Copenhagen-: Mid-Decade World Conference on Women 1980"
1209:
1207:
1158:
1156:
760:
758:
756:
1502:"UN women denounce circumsion [sic] of females"
919:
684:
682:
680:
1284:
1282:
1280:
667:
665:
663:
661:
631:
629:
592:
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454:
and Ukrainian women protesting for independence. When
381:
protecting families from defaulted support obligations
802:
800:
731:
729:
727:
154:
were just some of the manifestations of the divides.
1908:. 5th Women's World Conference. 2008. Archived from
1790:
Tinker, Irene (Spring 1981). "International Notes".
1754:
The Unfinished Story of Women and the United Nations
648:
646:
644:
2011:"U. N. Conference Studies Indicate Women Worse Off"
259:, who headed the US delegation, among many others.
1934:. London, England. 6 February 2006. Archived from
1414:
715:
411:chaired the actual Forum, which was hosted at the
401:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
263:of Palestine was also present at the conference.
1640:"World YWCA Leaders and the UN Decade for Women"
48:The 1980 Conference held from 14 and 30 July in
24:took place between July 14 and July 30, 1980 in
1482:Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West
1833:. In Meyer, Mary K.; Prügl, Elisabeth (eds.).
1696:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 3–12.
1452:Lesbians Travel the Roads of Feminism Globally
429:Asian Pacific Centre for Women and Development
1324:
1247:
335:, discussed the effects of Apartheid and the
8:
1726:"Copenhagen hosts World Conference of Women"
1339:
700:
1537:The Breakthrough: Human Rights in the 1970s
431:(APCWD), recently relocated from Tehran to
427:' Women and Development Department and the
361:María de Lourdes Castro e Silva de Vincenzi
1580:Fraser, Arvonne S.; Tinker, Irene (2004).
542:for the end of the decade to be hosted in
1875:"U.N. women's conference said worthwhile"
1586:. New York City: Feminist Press at CUNY.
1561:Women and Social Movements, International
1230:
1198:
904:
550:in 1985 with a backup location in Tokyo.
1644:Journal of International Women's Studies
1259:
1855:Women, politics, and the United Nations
1734:. Boston, Massachusetts. Archived from
1174:
671:
620:
608:
596:
571:
276:Secretary-General of the United Nations
52:, Denmark was the direct result of the
1762:Schroeder, Patricia (28 August 1980).
1351:
1300:
1271:
1213:
1186:
1162:
862:
791:
764:
747:
735:
688:
652:
1454:(Report). New Brunswick, New Jersey:
1393:
1312:
635:
7:
1835:Gender Politics in Global Governance
1456:Center for Women's Global Leadership
1288:
806:
375:, with Rapporteur Ali Benbouchta of
2083:20th-century diplomatic conferences
1689:Women's Studies International Forum
413:Copenhagen University Amager Campus
437:Feminist Strategies for the Decade
75:and whether economics, racism, or
14:
2048:Diplomatic conferences in Denmark
1650:(1). Bridgewater, Massachusetts:
1534:Eckel, Jan; Moyn, Samuel (2013).
435:, organized an orientation video
399:, the executive secretary of the
22:Second World Conference on Women,
2028:
1975:
1892:
1781:
1525:
1500:Dullea, Georgia (19 July 1980).
143:New International Economic Order
18:World Conference on Women, 1980,
2073:1980 in international relations
1638:Garner, Karen (November 2007).
540:Third World Conference on Women
488:National Organization for Women
54:First World Conference on Women
2108:Denmark and the United Nations
1952:"Bolivian women storm meeting"
1724:Malone, Julia (14 July 1980).
1380:Report of the World Conference
1365:Report of the World Conference
1146:Report of the World Conference
1131:Report of the World Conference
1116:Report of the World Conference
1101:Report of the World Conference
1086:Report of the World Conference
1071:Report of the World Conference
1056:Report of the World Conference
1041:Report of the World Conference
1026:Report of the World Conference
1011:Report of the World Conference
996:Report of the World Conference
981:Report of the World Conference
966:Report of the World Conference
951:Report of the World Conference
936:Report of the World Conference
891:Report of the World Conference
876:Report of the World Conference
849:Report of the World Conference
825:Report of the World Conference
778:Report of the World Conference
582:Women's World Conferences 2008
458:of Egypt presented a paper on
1:
1731:The Christian Science Monitor
425:University of the West Indies
280:Queen Margrethe II of Denmark
178:Ana Sixta González de Cuadros
159:Aleksandra Pavlovna Biryukova
1873:Wood, Mary (3 August 1980).
1652:Bridgewater State University
1450:; Hinojosa, Claudia (2000).
504:Domitila Barrios de Chungara
423:, with sponsorship from the
337:Israeli-occupied territories
1960:. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada:
1877:. Chula Vista, California:
1555:Fraser, Arvonne S. (2013).
1510:. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada:
93:conflict in the Middle East
2129:
2058:United Nations conferences
2017:. 13 July 1980. p. 16
2013:. Santa Cruz, California:
1964:. 19 July 1980. p. 14
1766:. Santa Cruz, California:
1702:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.11.008
1421:Journal of Women's History
532:households headed by women
407:, a representative of the
2103:Lesbian culture in Europe
2098:Women's rights in Denmark
1679:Ghodsee, Kristen (2010).
1609:(in English and French).
1601:Fulton, Margaret (1981).
1479:Crocombe, Ron G. (2007).
1248:Bunch & Hinojosa 2000
516:World Programme of Action
482:a US expert on refugees;
270:After opening remarks by
233:Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika
38:World Programme of Action
1764:"What's Next for Women?"
1751:Pietilä, Hilkka (2007).
1340:Fraser & Tinker 2004
701:Fraser & Tinker 2004
321:Leónidas Páez de Virgili
2063:1980 in women's history
921:The Santa Cruz Sentinel
905:, Eckel & Moyn 2013
478:, US lesbian activist;
439:which was shown daily.
383:, drug trafficking and
218:Gabriele Matzner-Holzer
1852:Winslow, Anne (1995).
1829:West, Lois A. (1999).
496:Marie-Angélique Savané
329:Marijke Van Hemeldonck
113:United States Congress
1199:Eckel & Moyn 2013
492:Natalia Malakhovskaia
450:as a protest against
1738:on 21 September 2015
1466:on 12 September 2015
385:forced disappearance
300:(CEDAW) on 17 July.
170:Shirley Field-Ridley
152:Bolivian coup d'état
148:economic development
58:World Plan of Action
30:World Plan of Action
2113:Women in Copenhagen
2088:Reproductive rights
2078:1980s in Copenhagen
2053:Women's conferences
1931:The Daily Telegraph
1260:& Crocombe 2007
1189:, pp. 222–223.
1177:, pp. 144–145.
1135:, pp. 175–177.
1120:, pp. 173–174.
1090:, pp. 169–170.
1045:, pp. 162–163.
1000:, pp. 153–154.
985:, pp. 150–152.
880:, pp. 120–121.
460:female circumcision
293:Economic stagnation
241:Elizabeth Anne Reid
129:Official conference
89:Iran hostage crisis
1957:The Ottawa Journal
1912:on 2 February 2015
1507:The Ottawa Journal
1460:Rutgers University
717:The Ottawa Journal
353:Nermin Abadan-Unat
327:, with Rapporteur
85:Iranian Revolution
1844:978-0-8476-9161-6
1593:978-1-55861-484-0
1547:978-0-8122-0871-9
1492:978-982-02-0388-4
907:, pp. 85–86.
611:, pp. 42–43.
486:, founder of the
210:Ifigenia Martínez
97:Palestinian women
2120:
2068:1980 conferences
2033:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1997:on 22 April 2017
1996:
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1662:. Archived from
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1621:. Archived from
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1551:
1530:
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1523:
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1475:
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1471:
1462:. Archived from
1448:Bunch, Charlotte
1443:
1441:
1439:
1418:
1411:Bunch, Charlotte
1397:
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494:, Soviet exile;
456:Nawal El Saadawi
405:Elizabeth Palmer
397:Edith Ballantyne
369:Chavdar Kyuranov
341:Decade for Women
257:Sarah Weddington
226:
167:
87:of 1979 and the
2128:
2127:
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2119:
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2020:
2018:
2009:
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1950:
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1939:
1926:"Betty Friedan"
1924:
1915:
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1499:
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1413:(Winter 2012).
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1038:
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989:
978:
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903:
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754:
746:
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707:
699:
695:
687:
678:
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651:
642:
634:
627:
619:
615:
607:
603:
595:
588:
580:
573:
569:
564:
512:
480:Phyllis Chesler
476:Charlotte Bunch
421:Charlotte Bunch
393:
345:informal nature
284:Anker Jørgensen
220:
161:
135:Lise Østergaard
131:
71:divides of the
46:
12:
11:
5:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Women's rights
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2015:Newspapers.com
2007:
1981:
1962:Newspapers.com
1948:
1938:on 12 May 2017
1922:
1898:
1879:Newspapers.com
1870:
1864:
1849:
1843:
1826:
1806:10.1086/493826
1787:
1768:Newspapers.com
1759:
1748:
1721:
1676:
1666:on 30 May 2016
1635:
1625:on 10 May 2017
1598:
1592:
1577:
1567:on 8 July 2013
1552:
1546:
1531:
1512:Newspapers.com
1497:
1491:
1476:
1444:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1396:, p. 216.
1386:
1384:, p. 204.
1371:
1369:, p. 197.
1356:
1354:, p. 194.
1344:
1332:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1291:, p. 180.
1276:
1274:, p. 196.
1264:
1262:, p. 547.
1252:
1235:
1231:Schroeder 1980
1218:
1216:, p. 532.
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1165:, p. 212.
1152:
1150:, p. 191.
1137:
1122:
1107:
1105:, p. 172.
1092:
1077:
1075:, p. 166.
1062:
1060:, p. 164.
1047:
1032:
1030:, p. 160.
1017:
1015:, p. 157.
1002:
987:
972:
970:, p. 148.
957:
955:, p. 146.
942:
940:, p. 128.
927:
909:
897:
895:, p. 122.
882:
867:
865:, p. 198.
855:
853:, p. 125.
831:
829:, p. 147.
811:
796:
794:, p. 195.
784:
782:, p. 132.
769:
767:, p. 197.
752:
750:, p. 534.
740:
723:
705:
693:
691:, p. 533.
676:
657:
640:
638:, p. 215.
625:
613:
601:
586:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
511:
508:
464:Shulamit Aloni
417:Peggy Antrobus
392:
389:
243:of Australia;
130:
127:
45:
42:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2016:
2012:
2008:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1963:
1959:
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1949:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1911:
1907:
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1865:0-313-29522-0
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1375:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1342:, p. 94.
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:The Telegraph
1321:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1303:, p. 14.
1302:
1297:
1294:
1290:
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1277:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1233:, p. 13.
1232:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:, p. 84.
1200:
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984:
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973:
969:
967:
961:
958:
954:
952:
946:
943:
939:
937:
931:
928:
925:, p. 16.
924:
922:
916:
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898:
894:
892:
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883:
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871:
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850:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
826:
820:
818:
816:
812:
809:, p. 17.
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
788:
785:
781:
779:
773:
770:
766:
761:
759:
757:
753:
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744:
741:
737:
732:
730:
728:
724:
721:, p. 14.
720:
718:
712:
710:
706:
703:, p. 33.
702:
697:
694:
690:
685:
683:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
664:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
623:, p. 53.
622:
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605:
602:
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587:
583:
578:
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572:
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493:
489:
485:
484:Betty Friedan
481:
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301:
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294:
289:
288:post-colonial
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Kurt Waldheim
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:Umayya Toukan
246:
242:
238:
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211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:Maïmouna Kane
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:of the USSR;
165:
160:
155:
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149:
144:
140:
136:
128:
126:
123:
119:
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110:
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63:
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51:
43:
41:
39:
35:
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27:
23:
19:
2019:. Retrieved
1999:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1966:. Retrieved
1955:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:the original
1929:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:the original
1905:
1883:. Retrieved
1881:. p. 17
1854:
1834:
1797:
1791:
1772:. Retrieved
1770:. p. 13
1753:
1740:. Retrieved
1736:the original
1729:
1713:. Retrieved
1693:
1687:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1647:
1643:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:the original
1610:
1606:
1582:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1560:
1536:
1516:. Retrieved
1514:. p. 14
1505:
1481:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:the original
1436:. Retrieved
1424:
1420:
1403:Bibliography
1389:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1325:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1267:
1255:
1250:, p. 8.
1194:
1182:
1175:Winslow 1995
1170:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1100:
1095:
1085:
1080:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1050:
1040:
1035:
1025:
1020:
1010:
1005:
995:
990:
980:
975:
965:
960:
950:
945:
935:
930:
920:
900:
890:
885:
875:
870:
858:
848:
824:
787:
777:
772:
743:
716:
696:
674:, p. 7.
672:Ghodsee 2010
621:Pietilä 2007
616:
609:Pietilä 2007
604:
599:, p. 6.
597:Ghodsee 2010
556:
552:
513:
468:Marie Assaad
444:
441:Irene Tinker
436:
394:
350:
305:Rafidah Aziz
302:
269:
265:Sally Mugabe
190:East Germany
156:
139:Lucille Mair
132:
122:Saudi Arabia
69:geopolitical
66:
47:
21:
17:
15:
1654:: 212–233.
1352:Fulton 1981
1301:Dullea 1980
1272:Fulton 1981
1214:Tinker 1981
1187:Garner 2007
1163:Garner 2007
863:Fulton 1981
792:Fulton 1981
765:Fulton 1981
748:Tinker 1981
736:Fraser 2013
689:Tinker 1981
653:Malone 1980
466:of Israel;
452:colonialism
313:Maria Groza
221: [
202:Sheila Kaul
162: [
109:politicized
2042:Categories
1394:Bunch 2012
1313:Bunch 2012
636:Bunch 2012
562:References
528:child care
524:grassroots
261:May Sayegh
247:of Japan;
245:Ginko Sato
186:Helga Hörz
50:Copenhagen
26:Copenhagen
1814:0097-9740
1710:0277-5395
1660:1539-8706
1619:1715-0698
1433:1042-7961
1289:West 1999
807:Wood 1980
567:Citations
105:Apartheid
536:migrants
510:Outcomes
373:Bulgaria
325:Paraguay
309:Malaysia
182:Colombia
101:refugees
73:Cold War
1822:3173765
544:Nairobi
500:Senegal
490:(NOW);
433:Bangkok
391:Tribune
377:Morocco
333:Belgium
317:Romania
229:Austria
198:Senegal
118:Zionism
44:History
20:or the
2021:10 May
2001:10 May
1968:10 May
1942:12 May
1885:10 May
1862:
1841:
1820:
1812:
1774:11 May
1742:10 May
1708:
1670:10 May
1658:
1629:10 May
1617:
1590:
1544:
1518:10 May
1489:
1470:11 May
1438:10 May
1431:
520:Israel
367:, and
365:Brazil
357:Turkey
319:, and
253:Jordan
237:Zambia
214:Mexico
174:Guyana
103:, and
83:, the
81:Tehran
77:sexism
1995:(PDF)
1988:(PDF)
1916:9 May
1818:JSTOR
1793:Signs
1715:7 May
1684:(PDF)
1571:9 May
548:Kenya
472:Egypt
448:hijab
225:]
206:India
166:]
2023:2017
2003:2017
1970:2017
1944:2017
1918:2017
1906:5WWC
1887:2017
1860:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1810:ISSN
1776:2017
1744:2017
1717:2017
1706:ISSN
1672:2017
1656:ISSN
1631:2017
1615:ISSN
1588:ISBN
1573:2017
1542:ISBN
1520:2017
1487:ISBN
1472:2017
1440:2017
1429:ISSN
1382:1980
1367:1980
1328:2006
1148:1980
1133:1980
1118:1980
1103:1980
1088:1980
1073:1980
1058:1980
1043:1980
1028:1980
1013:1980
998:1980
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780:1980
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419:and
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