180:. The ring was selected from a goldsmith in London by Foulis who gave it to Bacon and accounted for it from the subsidy money the king received. Bacon later tried to pawn the ring with the same London goldsmith, who said it was worth only half the amount that Foulis had claimed. While this story may be in part malicious gossip, it shows that some of the subsidy money was spent in London. There is also evidence that textiles were supplied to Foulis and Jousie by the London merchant
481:
Foulis and Jousie gave a statement of their debts to
Parliament which included £145,700 and interest on that sum to £33,000 Scots. They listed the names of creditors, who had loaned them money with which they financed the royal household. It includes the Edinburgh Company of Tailors, the merchant and
164:
In
January 1597 Foulis was paid for a diamond and ruby ring, a ring with a great table cut diamond, a ring set with seven diamonds, a ring with eleven diamonds, a tablet or locket with an emerald and ten diamonds, and a "carcan" necklace with diamonds rubies and pearls. The total value was 790 crowns
146:
in
October 1589, when James VI sailed to Norway. At Leith, Foulis also returned a large table cut diamond which he had held in pledge since January 1586 for the jewelry supplied to the king for New Year's Day gifts. When James returned to Scotland in May 1590, Foulis provided gold chains for gifts to
122:
Michael
Gilbert and his former apprentice Foulis provided rings and other jewels for James VI to give to courtiers as New Year's Day gifts. The bill was £763 in 1582/3 and rose in January 1588 to £5,100. In June 1589 Foulis provided the king with two gold chains and rings worth £953 Scots to give to
509:
would administer the
English annuity or subsidy, spending it on clothes for the royal family and the household of Prince Henry. A report of Scottish royal finances sent to England in February 1600 noted that Foulis and Joussie and their partners were 'wrecked and undone'. In November 1601 the
142:. In pledge of payment for these purchases and for jewels and silver plate made in his workshop, James gave him two cut rubies and three cabochon rubies set in gold "chatons" or buttons, enamelled with red, white and black. Foulis returned these royal jewels to the depute-treasurer
278:
and Thomas Foulis opened a silver mine called "God's
Blessing". In 1608 Thomas Foulis and George Foulis, also a goldsmith, assayed ore from the mine. The site at Hilderston was developed by Bulmer, the "knight governor of the works of his majesty's mines under ground", with
319:
from Queen
Elizabeth. The accounts include a "cupboard" of silver plate for Maitland to which Foulis himself contributed ten silver trencher plates. This may be the cupboard of silver plate which James VI took to Norway, in Maitland's keeping, from which he gave gifts to
525:
Foulis married firstly Jean
Francis, who died in 1623, then Rachel Porteous. Jean had sons, Thomas and David Foulis of Glendorch, and three daughters, Margaret, Jean, and another who married James McMath. After his death a cousin, Anne Foulis, who was married to
327:
Foulis was sent to London in June 1591 for the subsidy and requested £14,000, which was refused, and received £4000. In July 1592 the sum suggested was £2000, and James VI argued that he deserved more, particularly after the rendition of the
Irishmam
200:
to make charcoal for refining. In
January 1594 he had a tack or lease given in acknowledgement of money owed to him by the king and queen, to mine and export all minerals and metals in the Friarmoor in Lanarkshire, a former possession of
84:, who had a licence to make counters or jetons. Acheson's activities interfered with Foulis' monopoly as "sinker" or die maker. The Council declared that Acheson's making of latten (pewter) counters was not prejudicial to Foulis' rights.
350:
Foulis made an account for the years 1594 to 1596 of money received for James VI from the English subsidy, from the duty on his gold mines of Crawford Mure and Robert Mure, money coined at the royal mint by Thomas Acheson, and from the
161:, while Jousie supplied clothes and fabrics, paid for in part by a subsidy or annuity provided by Queen Elizabeth. In August 1594 Foulis bought eight ruffs in London for queen. Foulis also had a stock of fabric at his death.
455:, which Hudson suggested belonged to James VI. Robert Jousie was unable to pay Brook's interest or other sums due by Hudson, or the money they jointly owed to Hudson. He considered having Jousie arrested for debt in London.
127:. Beeston was also given a gold locket set with diamonds, costing £373, and 100 crowns worth £266 were given to his sailors. This generosity was connected with the aftermath of a fatal struggle between Beeston's sailors and
373:
was given a hat badge in the form of a gold salamander set with diamonds. Some of the original orders signed by James VI survive, In May 1594 he wrote he to Foulis, who was in London, to buy lead to repair the roof of
68:
painter. Working for the royal mint brought Foulis privileges and exemptions from taxes which brought resentment in Edinburgh, and the town's authorities refused to 'book' one of his apprentices in February 1591.
389:
There were doubts about his credit in November 1596. In May 1597 Foulis and Jousie were made collectors of a new custom of 12% on imports, with powers to confiscate the sails of ships in case of non-payment.
433:. Foulis had received the "H" in pledge for a loan of £12,000 Scots made to the king in September 1594, and the Privy Council asked his brother, James Foulis of Colinton to return it in January 1598.
335:
In September 1594 the king owed Foulis £14,598 Scots and gave him two gold cups which he could coin into gold £5 pieces if he was not repaid. These cups had been presented by the Dutch ambassador
362:
Some money went to Foulis and Robert Jousie for clothes already delivered to the king and queen. Most of the rest was spent on jewellery given to Anne of Denmark, and to the ambassadors at the
414:
called his distress a frenzy, "phrenesie". Aston wrote that he had hoped Foulis and Joussie would lend him money to buy land, but they had received no English subsidy for two years.
458:
Foulis recovered from his illness and on 2 August 1598 Foulis and Joussie obtained a contract (a tack) to operate the mint for six years in recompense of their losses. The
406:, married Foulis' sister Margaret. They gave him a role on 29 December 1597 overseeing royal expenditure. However, Foulis was bankrupted by the scheme on 17 January 1598.
29:
Thomas Foulis was an Edinburgh goldsmith and financier, and was involved in the mint and coinage, gold and lead mining, and from May 1591 the receipt of money given to
304:
382:. Gold chains for gifts to ambassadors in 1594 were made by George Foulis. On 16 August 1595 James ordered Foulis to repair and enlarge two silver chandeliers for
60:
Foulis was made a master of the Edinburgh Incorporation of Goldsmiths and a burgess on 18 June 1581 after submitting an essay of silverwork. His master had been
1341:
239:
authorised Foulis's carriers to have a lead badge with the king's arms and wear Foulis's own insignia, and anyone who tried to rob them would be executed.
359:. Elizabeth had let it be known that the money given to Cockburn should be taken to Scotland, and not spent in London, as had happened in previous years.
220:. Fechtenburg said that Edzell's samples of ores were more promising than an assay made by Foulis' other experts. In April 1594 he received a grant to
352:
255:
437:
403:
367:
284:
209:
1336:
1306:
444:. It remains unclear if Lindsay and other Octavians and the king planned this to bankrupt Foulis and if so, fully understood the consequences.
96:
1301:
467:
441:
426:
363:
340:
251:
92:
213:
169:
321:
114:
borrowed £300 sterling from Robert Jousie, Thomas Foulis, and John Porterfield in order to reward potential supporters of English policy.
247:
181:
491:
475:
312:
177:
143:
463:
1331:
383:
1351:
356:
1316:
44:
He was a son of Henry Foulis of Colinton and Margaret Haldane. As a financier to the mint and crown his business partner was
173:
196:
in London. Foulis also operated a copper mine near Edinburgh for the king and was permitted to use wood from the forest of
64:. A son David followed him into the craft. In February 1581/2 he made new dies for minting coins, following the designs of
107:
1311:
880:
65:
498:. Kello's loan of £4,000 was one of the larger contributions, and the merchant Jacob Baron had invested £14,822 Scots.
447:
James Hudson wrote in May 1598 that Foulis had pawned a gold lion set with a ruby worth £400 with the London goldsmith
410:
wrote that Foulis was treasurer in all but name and after twenty days "fell by his wits" and lay "in great extremity".
1356:
1326:
418:
386:. He gave the pen to the infant prince to mark the paper, and wrote "I will testifie this is the prince's awin mark."
316:
61:
38:
421:
provided an alternative explanation for Foulis' distress, that James VI had taken back a jewel pawned to Foulis, the
791:
Jemma Field, 'Dressing a Queen: The Wardrobe of Anna of Denmark at the Scottish Court of King James VI, 1590–1603',
462:
observed that Foulis and Joussie had incurred debts for the royal clothing, jewels, ready money, and other outlays.
850:
744:
336:
225:
193:
1321:
511:
502:
243:
236:
158:
73:
267:
1006:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588-1596',
821:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588-1596',
706:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588-1596',
224:
for gold, silver, lead, tin and other metals, in Lanarkshire. The grant mentioned mines previously worked by
165:
or £2,765 Scots. James VI had given some of these rings and jewels as New Year's Day gifts to his courtiers.
1085:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts', pp. 74-92.
280:
221:
111:
100:
1064:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts', pp. 74-5.
1346:
748:
527:
459:
452:
235:. In June 1597 after one of his convoys carrying lead towards Edinburgh was robbed by border outlaws, the
88:
34:
735:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1881), p. 421: National Records of Scotland, treasurer's accounts May and June 1590.
514:
was asked to convene with Foulis and report the values of royal jewels which Foulis had sold in England.
661:
565:, (2004, September 23). 'Foulis, Thomas (c. 1560–1628), goldsmith, financier, and mining entrepreneur',
506:
764:'Dressing a Queen: The Wardrobe of Anna of Denmark at the Scottish Court of King James VI, 1590–1603',
854:
710:(Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 11-2, 22-3, 61: National Records of Scotland, treasurer's accounts, June 1589.
148:
77:
49:
30:
771:
763:
483:
422:
398:
Foulis became involved in the administration of the Scottish exchequer by the group knowns as the
250:
that Foulis had disrupted his workings in 1604 by detaining his English timber man. He hoped that
1185:
834:
308:
425:. James had given the jewel to Anne of Denmark who, Nicolson says, had offered it to her friend
589:, 13:1 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 228: Neil Cuddy, 'The Revival of the Entourage' in David Starkey,
103:£20 sterling to reward the servants and musicians at the baptism, which was held in Edinburgh.
471:
430:
375:
329:
919:, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2018), 1594/4/82. Date accessed: 28 September 2018.
570:
436:
The immediate cause of Foulis' financial disaster was a legal move by one of the Octavians,
411:
812:, '1629 Foullis, Thomas' (Wills and testaments Reference CC14/5/3, Lanark Commissary Court.
379:
288:
202:
139:
192:
In March 1592 Foulis was involved in a project to refine old silver Scottish coins with
990:
562:
466:
was asked to give them rights over the mint to recoup their funds, and the comptroller
344:
138:
to London in July 1589 to buy clothes and ornaments in preparation for his marriage to
128:
124:
1295:
677:
495:
370:
217:
135:
45:
1094:
1048:
628:
448:
275:
1172:
Julian Goodare, 'The Octavians', in Miles Kerr-Peterson and Steven J. Reid ed.,
1122:
Julian Goodare, 'The Octavians', in Miles Kerr-Peterson and Steven J. Reid ed.,
487:
407:
208:
In March 1594 one of his mining experts Bernard Fechtenburg was tempted away by
574:
300:
151:
26:
1580–1628) was a Scottish goldsmith, mine entrepreneur, and royal financier.
474:
promised to supply the royal households (for James, Anna, Prince Henry, and
399:
315:, the "Lady Chancellor", in the years 1588 to 1590. The money came from the
283:
acting as treasurer. In 1613 Foulis obtained the contract for the mine with
232:
81:
772:
Michael Pearce, 'Anna of Denmark: Fashioning a Danish Court in Scotland',
258:
would help him. Bowes was staying at Codrus Cottage, above Wanlock Water.
271:
1218:
539:
197:
23:
809:
993:, 'James VI's English Subsidy', Julian Goodare & Michael Lynch,
478:), and repay Foulis and Jousie and their creditors in installments.
750:
Papers Relative to the Marriage of King James the Sixth of Scotland
87:
In 1590 he made a silver-gilt and engraved basin and ewer for
440:, Master of Metals, to suspend payments by the comptroller,
540:
Roll of the creditors of Thomas Foulis and Robert Jousie,
347:, was given a gold cup with the option to have it coined.
1222:, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2020), 1598/6/13
544:, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2020), 1598/6/18
494:, and Bartholomew Kello, the husband of the calligrapher
16:
Scottish goldsmith, mine entrepreneur and royal financier
402:. In October 1597 one of the group, the king's advocate
666:
Extracts from the Burgh Records of Edinburgh: 1573-1589
91:
christening gift to Elizabeth Stewart, the daughter of
299:
Foulis was involved in accounting royal money for the
1161:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1592-1599
981:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 123, 141-152, 159-161, 163-6.
733:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1585–1592
646:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1585-1592
378:and an alabaster stone for the new Chapel Royal at
1220:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
917:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
542:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
1025:Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland: 1585-1592
168:According to the Scottish diplomat and intriguer
1138:vol. 13 part 1 (Edinburgh, 1969), pp. 155, 210.
48:, an Edinburgh cloth merchant who later became
123:the captains of an English fleet commanded by
1023:(Edinburgh, 1997), pp. 39, 95: David Masson,
602:Jean Munro & Henry Steuart Fotheringham,
8:
1192:vol. 13 part 1 (Edinburgh, 1969), pp. 211-2.
979:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
954:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
883:, Privy Seal Register, PS1/65 f35r and f62v.
324:and Axel Gyldenstierne on 15 December 1589.
1260:, vol. 13 part 2 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 623.
997:(Tuckwell: East Linton, 2000), pp. 110-125.
317:English subsidy, a regular gift to James VI
1039:, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 539, 739.
752:(Edinburgh, 1828), Appendix II, pp. 16, 18
530:, eventually inherited the mining wealth.
1246:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
1113:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), pp. 388, 392.
1111:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
1099:Memorials of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth
968:, vol. 19 (London, 1965), pp. 213, 236-7.
941:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
893:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
841:, 13:2 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 918 no. 746.
839:Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1597-1603
682:Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1593-1595
577:, subscription or library login required.
99:, and he advanced the English ambassador
1235:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1816), pp. 166-168.
1205:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1876), pp. 269-71:
366:, or given as New Year's Day gifts. The
1008:Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI
823:Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI
708:Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI
567:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
555:
72:In March 1588 Foulis complained to the
1209:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), pp. 470-2.
1163:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), pp. 433-4.
1027:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1881), pp. 444-5.
895:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), pp. 117-8.
871:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1881), pp. 730-3.
684:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 75-6.
343:. At the same time, another creditor,
131:veterans on the streets of Edinburgh.
931:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1816), pp. 84-5.
722:, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), no. 154.
427:Elizabeth Douglas, Countess of Erroll
106:In April 1593 the English ambassador
93:Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell
7:
1342:16th-century Scottish businesspeople
429:as recompense for the demolition of
231:He became known as Thomas Foulis of
1248:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), p. 521.
1233:Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland
1055:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), p. 167.
956:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 110-11, 113.
943:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), p. 395.
929:Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland
907:, vol. 1 (London, 1849), pp. 342-4.
825:(Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 81-2, 91-2.
648:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1881), p. 266.
635:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1881), p. 574.
619:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1876), p. 248.
172:, James VI gave a valuable ring to
1203:Records of the Coinage of Scotland
617:Records of the Coinage of Scotland
266:Silver was discovered on lands at
14:
1126:(Abingdon, 2017), pp. 182, 184-6.
858:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1863), p. 51
856:Memoirs of the Maxwells of Pollok
782:(Yale, 2020), pp. 53-4, 163, 171.
464:Walter Stewart, 1st Lord Blantyre
1201:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1101:, vol. 2 (London, 1754), p. 207.
977:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
952:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
615:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
212:, Master of Metals, to work for
606:(Edinburgh, 2006), pp. 32, 142.
357:Richard Cockburn of Clerkington
291:and Paulo Pinto from Portugal.
1258:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1190:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1136:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1076:, vol. 5 (London, 1894), p. 8.
1037:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1010:(Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 59-74.
720:Calendar State Papers Scotland
658:Calendar State Papers Scotland
587:Calendar State Papers Scotland
517:He died in Edinburgh in 1628.
76:about James Acheson, a son of
1:
1337:16th-century Scottish artists
1307:Businesspeople from Edinburgh
1207:Register of the Privy Council
1053:Register of the Privy Council
869:Register of the Privy Council
633:Register of the Privy Council
604:Edinburgh Goldsmith's Minutes
1302:16th-century Scottish people
1176:(Abingdon, 2017), pp. 184-6.
881:National Records of Scotland
505:declared that in future the
242:The English gold prospector
159:jewels to James VI and Anne
1373:
1272:(Edinburgh, 1815), p. 323.
745:James Thomson Gibson Craig
668:(Edinburgh, 1882), p. 332.
569:. Retrieved 29 Sep. 2018,
417:The English correspondent
337:Walraven III van Brederode
246:complained in a letter to
226:George Douglas of Parkhead
110:and the resident diplomat
39:English annuity or subsidy
1270:Collection of Inventories
442:George Home of Wedderburn
134:James VI sent Foulis and
118:Royal costume and jewelry
1174:James VI and Noble Power
1150:, vol. 2 (1894), p. 504.
1124:James VI and Noble Power
966:HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield
274:in 1607. The prospector
46:Robert Jousie, or Jowsie
1332:Court of James VI and I
1021:Scotland's Last Wedding
593:(London, 1987), p. 187.
486:, the English courtier
438:John Lindsay of Menmuir
364:baptism of Prince Henry
341:baptism of Prince Henry
281:George Bruce of Carnock
176:, the secretary of the
1352:Gold mines in Scotland
1074:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
795:, 24:2 (2019), p. 159.
660:, vol. 10, pp. 857-8:
575:10.1093/ref:odnb/73674
528:James Hope of Hopetoun
460:Parliament of Scotland
256:Secretary for Scotland
1317:Scottish silversmiths
995:The Reign of James VI
905:Lives of the Lindsays
776:, 24:2 (2019), p. 138
768:, 24:2 (2019), p. 154
697:(Yale, 2020), p. 216.
501:In February 1599 the
423:Great 'H' of Scotland
492:Countess of Cassilis
262:Silver at Hilderston
154:and his companions.
50:Groom of the Chamber
1312:Scottish goldsmiths
793:The Court Historian
774:The Court Historian
766:The Court Historian
1357:Monarchy and money
1327:Scottish jewellers
1186:John Duncan Mackie
835:John Duncan Mackie
662:John David Marwick
476:Princess Elizabeth
1019:David Stevenson,
778:: Maria Hayward,
591:The English Court
376:Linlithgow Palace
285:William Alexander
222:prospect and mine
214:Sir David Lindsay
194:Sir William Bowes
188:Miner and refiner
170:Archibald Douglas
89:Queen Elizabeth's
1364:
1322:Scottish bankers
1286:
1281:Julian Goodare,
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678:Annie I. Cameron
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412:David Calderwood
157:Foulis supplied
97:Margaret Douglas
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419:George Nicolson
404:Thomas Hamilton
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203:Newbattle Abbey
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144:Robert Melville
140:Anne of Denmark
120:
80:in Edinburgh's
62:Michael Gilbert
58:
37:, known as the
35:Queen Elizabeth
17:
12:
11:
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1244:David Masson,
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1159:David Masson,
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1285:(2004).
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