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They were the forefathers of today's environmental health practitioners. With no trained staff to call upon, and with no established systems or infrastructures, Fresh created a model sanitary department, and became nationally famous. He worked closely with
William Duncan, the Medical Officer of Health, who had no field staff of his own.
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is called 'The
Freshfield'. Fresh's official duties included solving the problem of the disposal of Liverpool's "night-soil". He arranged for a part of it to be transported from Liverpool to Freshfield for use as fertiliser on hitherto unproductive nearby fields, helping to develop a local trade in
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Even before his 1844 appointment, Fresh was the officer responsible for environmental health interventions, working initially from the police department. He was also at various times concurrently
Superintendent of Alms Houses, and Superintendent of Scavengers (i.e. manager of refuse collection and
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Fresh's house is today 95 Freshfield Road, Freshfield. A blue plaque has been affixed to the house by the Formby Civic
Society, and an application is to be made to have the house 'listed' to celebrate its significance as the home of the founder of Freshfield and one of the Liverpool public health
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Thomas Fresh was the first inspector of nuisances appointed by a United
Kingdom Health Committee. When he was re-appointed in January 1847 he became probably the first of the inspectors of nuisances (sanitary inspectors) appointed under a 'Sanatory Act' with statutorily defined powers and duties.
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to construct a station at that point on the line. He donated his own land for the purpose. As a significant landowner in the area, he gave his name to the district of
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Yorke, B. & Yorke, R. (2008) "Pine Trees and
Asparagus: The Development of a Cultural Landscape", in: Lewis, J., Stanistreet, E. (eds.)
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district between
Liverpool and Southport when, on behalf of local residents and the joint Lord of the Manor, he asked the directors of the
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by the
Borough's Health of the Town Committee on 4 September 1844, over two years before the celebrated appointments on 1 January 1847 of
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In 1853 Thomas and Martha Fresh were living in a much extended and improved former agricultural cottage on his 'model farm' in the
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on 3 April 1861 and is buried in
Liverpool’s St James’s Cemetery. He was succeeded by his wife Martha. They had no children.
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Parkinson, Norman (2013). "Thomas Fresh (1803-1861), Inspector of
Nuisances, Liverpool's first Public Health Officer".
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as the first Borough Engineer, and Fresh’s own re-appointment under the Liverpool ‘Sanatory’ Act of 1846.
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Parkinson, N. "Thomas Fresh: the First Environmental Health Practitioner" in Stewart, J. (Ed.) (2017)
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320:. London: Routledge. A fuller, pre-publication draft of this chapter may be accessed via Academia.edu.
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Thomas Fresh was born on 3 September 1803 at the family farm 'Newbarns', in the village of
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public cleansing). The latter was eventually subsumed into Newlands' department.
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50:. The family also had interests in property and iron-ore mining and trading.
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The FORMBY ASPARAGUS Project: Celebrating 2000 years of a special delicacy
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cultivation. Freshfield is now an affluent residential district in the
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organises an annual 'Thomas Fresh' public health lecture in his name.
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Eastwood, M. (1988) "Liverpool: a town ahead of its time",
22:(3 September 1803 – 3 April 1861) was a pioneer in British
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Yorke, R. (2009) "Thomas Fresh: Inspector of Nuisances".
299:, London: Chartered Institute of Environmental Health.
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297:For the Common Good: 150 years of Public Health
225:Mr Fresh, of Freshfield, celebrated at Formby
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132:The blue plaque on Fresh's Freshfield house
311:Journal of the Liverpool History Society
304:Sand And Sea, Sefton’s Coastal Heritage
231:, 25 September. (accessed: 9 July 2013)
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98:Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway
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364:Health professionals from Merseyside
359:Local government officers in England
280:10th Annual ‘Thomas Fresh’ Lecture
334:Environmental health practitioners
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245:, Countyvise Limited, p. 88
137:Liverpool John Moores University
53:Fresh was appointed Liverpool's
30:'s first public health officer.
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16:English public health officer
171:Journal of Medical Biography
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106:Freshfield railway station
318:Pioneers in Public Health
306:. Bootle: Sefton Council.
63:Medical Officer of Health
183:10.1177/0967772013479277
354:People in public health
282:(accessed: 9 July 2013)
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241:Gahan, John W. (1985),
339:People from Freshfield
270:(accessed 9 July 2013)
223:Dilworth, Kate (2008)
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55:Inspector of Nuisances
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112:pioneers. A nearby
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26:. In 1844, he became
59:William Henry Duncan
24:environmental health
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243:Seaport to Seaside
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212:Liverpool Mercury
123:Borough of Sefton
108:- built in 1854.
48:Dalton-in-Furness
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349:1861 deaths
344:1803 births
117:potato and
328:Categories
143:References
102:Freshfield
46:parish of
119:asparagus
42:, in the
28:Liverpool
199:46181945
191:24585830
40:Newbarns
82:Glasgow
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94:Formby
88:Legacy
195:S2CID
187:PMID
104:and
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