22:
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145:. He was still married in November 1420 when he and his wife receive bequests in a will. The marriage was costly for his career; married clerks were traditionally unable to hold government office, and in the political instability of the early 15th century, Henry V leaned on the legitimizing power of tradition. He appears to have been something of a loner, poor at leveraging social connections in the service of his career or personal wealth. Worse still, at some point after writing the
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542:. He may also be Hand F of the latter manuscript, who copied a few lines; it has been suggested that he was the first editor of Chaucer's work. Hoccleve also wrote out the majority of the Privy Seal Formulary, British Library, MS Add. 24062, and wrote hundreds of documents in his capacity as a Privy Seal clerk.
212:
did not print it, and it was not until the 1970s that his work came to be valued as insight into the literate culture of
England under the Lancastrian regime. It is especially valued by contemporary scholars for his frank autobiographical descriptions, in particular his description of his mental
251:
he is self-deprecating. While he confesses that "Fader
Chaucer fayn wolde han me taught, But I was dul and learned lite or naught", this pose was conventional in Hoccleve's time, and an inheritance from Chaucer himself, whose alter-ego Geoffrey was portrayed as fat and dimwitted in
405:
continues with "Dialog with a Friend," which claims to be written after his recovery and gives a pathetic picture of a poor poet, now 53, with sight and mind impaired. In it he tells the unnamed friend of his plans to write a tale he owes to his good patron,
153:(1420) that five years later he continued to experience social alienation as a result. The episode caused his voice to be "publicly regarded as being unstable" – a poor quality for an author whose most successful work to date was a
628:
from the same year – particularly for modernised spelling that facilitates use in the classroom. These three recent editions all have introductions offering a thorough sense of a poet hitherto under-appreciated.
468:
Hoccleve has left behind more manuscripts and documents in his own hand than any other known medieval
English writer. Four literary manuscripts are generally considered to have been solely or mostly in his hand;
393:, 11.40 ff.) with a description of a period of "wylde infirmitee", in which the Hoccleve-character claims he temporarily lost his "wit" and "memorie" (this stands as the earliest autobiographical description of
854:ÂŁ10 per annum, raised to 20 marks (ÂŁ13 6s. 8d.) in 1409, the last half-yearly payment being made on 11 February 1426. His fringe benefits included board and lodging, money for robes at Christmas, two
125:, may have been seen as inappropriately francophile in the context of the rising English nationalism of the early 15th century, which would soon result in the resumption of hostilities in the
106:
at the age of eighteen or nineteen, which he retained on and off, in spite of much grumbling, for about thirty-five years. On 12 November 1399 he was granted an annuity by the new king,
95:. In November 1420, Hoccleve's fellow Privy Seal clerk John Bailey returned land and tenements in Hockliffe to him, which suggests that Hoccleve may indeed have had family ties there.
520:
His hand has also been identified in sections of other literary manuscripts, as a copyist and/or corrector. He is Scribe E in
Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.3.2, John Gower's
374:'s claim to England's throne. Its proem, occupying about a third of the whole, contains reminiscences of London tavern life in a dialogue between the poet and an old man.
59:, was extremely popular in the fifteenth century, but went largely ignored until the late twentieth century, when it was re-examined by scholars, particularly
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On 4 March 1426, the
Exchequer rolls record a last reimbursement to Hoccleve (for red wax and ink for office use). He died soon after: on 8 May 1426 his
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414:'s popular Latin treatise on the art of dying – a task the friend discourages, saying that too much study was the cause of his mental illness. The
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Hoccleve, more than any other 15th-century writer, worked to cast
Chaucer as the "father" of English literature, acknowledging the importance of
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21:
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260:. Later known as the "humility topos", the posture would become a conventional form of authorial self-presentation in the Renaissance.
67:, which includes the earliest autobiographical description of mental illness in English, and for his extensive scribal activity. Three
1473:
1206:
Schieberle, Misty (2019). "A New
Hoccleve Literary Manuscript: The Trilingual Miscellany in London, British Library, MS Harley 219".
977:, edited by Janet Cowen and Julia Boffey, King’s College London Medieval Studies, 5 (London: King’s College, London, 1991), pp. 15-29
596:'s edition of Hoccleve's complete works, still largely standard for scholars, was reprinted in the 1970s; however, Michael Seymour's
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221:(c. 1406), one of his most fluid and lively works, is a mock-penitential poem that gives some glimpses of dissipation in his youth.
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as "the father of
English literature", and as a poet in his own right. His poetry, especially his longest work, the didactic work
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110:. It was not always paid as regularly as he would have wished, or in full; he is known for complaining about his lack of funds.
608:) in 1981, provides an excellent sampling of the poet's major and minor works for readers seeking a sense of Hoccleve's work.
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87:) that he has seen "fifty wyntir and three". Nothing is known of his family, but they probably came from the village of
389:, which combines autobiographical poetry, poetic translations and prose moralizations of the translated texts, begins (
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1014:"'Your Ensaumple and Your Mirour': Hoccleve's Amplification of the Imagery and Intimacy of Henry Suso's Ars Moriendi"
1402:: Resources for Scholars, Teachers, and Students interested in Thomas Hoccleve, his Works, and their Textual History
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137:, 1.1561) and settled down to writing moral and religious poems, including his most widely circulated poem, the
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link the sequence to the death of
Hoccleve's friend and Privy Seal colleague John Bailey in November 1420. Two
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is becoming the standard edition of the two excerpts from the
Hoccleve's later works (collectively known as
605:
562:(1614). Browne added a eulogy of the poet, whose works he intended to publish in their entirety (Works, ed.
998:
The seminal study of this self-effacing performance typical of 15th-century writers is David Lawton's 1987
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and positioning himself as an heir of this tradition. However, despite the initial runaway success of the
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590:, in the Phillipps manuscript 8131, and the Durham manuscript III. p, Early English Text Society, 1892.)
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of his poetry have survived, and he also copied literary manuscripts by other writers. As a clerk of the
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What is known of his life comes mainly from his works and from administrative records. According to the
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401:, 11.55–6) but still experiencing social alienation as a result of gossip about this insanity. The
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was passed to Alice Penfold to be held "in manner and form like Thomas Hoccleve now deceased".
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440:, a theologically and psychologically astute verse translation of Henry Suso's Latin prose
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survives in at least 43 manuscript copies. It comments on Henry V's lineage, to cement the
679:"Authorized Realities: The Gesta Romanorum and Thomas Hoccleve's Poetics of Autobiography"
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858:, occasional bonuses, and fees and favours from clients. A Burrow: Hoccleve, Thomas....
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524:; this manuscript includes work by four other scribes, including the prolific copyist
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1421:, edited by Frederick J. Furnivall and I. Gollancz based on his holograph manuscripts
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1244:, ed. M. B. Parkes and Andrew G. Watson (London: Scolar Press, 1978), pp. 163–210.
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The Bureaucratic Muse: Thomas Hoccleve and the Literature of Late Medieval England
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in English). He describes recovering from this "five years ago last All Saints" (
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Hoccleve is not known for his successful career. His first known, datable poem,
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1367:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 966–967.
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shortly before his accession, is a homily on virtues and vices, adapted from
1396:: Devoted to promoting scholarship on the late-medieval poet Thomas Hoccleve
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Medieval Scribes, Manuscripts and Libraries: Essays Presented to N. R. Ker
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Last Words: The Public Self and the Social Author in Late Medieval England
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Last Words: The Public Self and the Social Author in Late Medieval England
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Last Words: The Public Self and the Social Author in Late Medieval England
825:
Last Words: The Public Self and the Social Author in Late Medieval England
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200:, his popularity was soon superseded by his more prolific contemporary,
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516:, and a trilingual glossary of French terms into Latin and/or English)
624:), as is Charles Blyth's TEAMS Middle English Text Series edition of
1295:"The Handwriting of Fifteenth-Century Privy Seal and Council Clerks"
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cites Hoccleve as the first recorded user of many words, including
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MS 1083/30 Regiment of princes; Consolation of philosophy at OPenn
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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20:
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1415:, edited by Charles R. Blyth. TEAMS, Middle English Text Series
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A. I. Doyle and M. B. Parkes, "The Production of Copies of the
1084:
Thomas Hoccleve: A Facsimile of the Autograph Verse Manuscripts
448:). The theme of mortality and strict calendar structure of the
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83:
Hoccleve was born in 1368, as he states when writing in 1421 (
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then fulfils this plan, continuing with moralized tales of
340:'s Latin work of the same name, from a supposed epistle of
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494:, MS Harley 219 (in Hoccleve's hand are extracts from the
1107:"Catalogue of Durham University Library Cosin MS V.iii.9"
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MSS HM 111 and HM 744 (collections of his shorter poems).
102:(c. 1411, 11.804–5), he obtained a clerkship in the
25:
Henry V, whilst Prince of Wales, presenting Hoccleve's
659:
Hoccleve's Regiment of Princes: Counsel and Constraint
75:, he wrote hundreds of documents in French and Latin.
141:, which he wrote c. 1411 and dedicated to the future
1054:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 87–100.
566:, 1869, ii. f 96–198). In 1796 George Mason printed
942:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 74–87.
910:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 70–71.
827:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 65–73.
812:Retrieved 24 November 2010. Subscription required.
568:Six Poems by Thomas Hoccleve never before printed
247:His diction is relatively simple and clear; as a
47:(1368/69–1426) was a key figure in 15th-century
877:"Thomas Hoccleve and the Politics of Tradition"
1002:article "Dullness and the Fifteenth Century".
810:(Oxford: OUP, 2004; online ed., January 2008
8:
1256:"Thomas Hoccleve: Chaucer's First Editor?"
133:, by 1410 he had married "only for love" (
1325:
1310:
1305:(304). Oxford University Press: 253–279.
1214:(297). Oxford University Press: 799–822.
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550:Hoccleve found a 17th-century admirer in
704:The Making of Thomas Hoccleve's 'Series'
689:(2), Chicago University Press: 536–558,
586:'s introduction to Hoccleve's Works; I.
808:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
727:
1157:"MS HM 744 catalogue and digitization"
1132:"MS HM 111 catalogue and digitization"
63:. Today he is most well known for his
51:literature, significant for promoting
176:(allowance for food and clothing) at
7:
1240:in the Early Fifteenth Century", in
975:Chaucer and Fifteenth Century Poetry
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866:
864:
806:J. A. Burrow: Hoccleve, Thomas...:
528:, and Scribe B, the copyist of the
129:. Having failed to secure a church
1394:The International Hoccleve Society
1071:10.1093/oso/9780198790778.001.0001
959:10.1093/oso/9780198790778.001.0001
927:10.1093/oso/9780198790778.001.0001
844:10.1093/oso/9780198790778.001.0001
410:, and of translating a portion of
14:
1425:Works by or about Thomas Hoccleve
1254:Horobin, Simon (1 October 2015).
1441:
1378:
1337:
1182:"Detailed record for Harley 219"
747:Dictionary of National Biography
969:"Madness and Texts: Hoccleve’s
750:. Vol. 27. pp. 56–57.
1272:10.5325/chaucerrev.50.3-4.0228
1:
1299:The Review of English Studies
1208:The Review of English Studies
616:edition of Thomas Hoccleve's
16:English poet (1368/1369–1426)
1469:15th-century English writers
1351:McCormick, William Symington
989:A. Burrow: Hoccleve, Thomas.
364:The Game and Playe of Chesse
208:boring and overly didactic;
161:, the poem that follows the
117:, was a 1402 translation of
1440:(public domain audiobooks)
1293:Sobecki, Sebastian (2020).
1082:Burrow, J. A., ed. (2002),
1050:Sobecki, Sebastian (2019).
938:Sobecki, Sebastian (2019).
906:Sobecki, Sebastian (2019).
823:Sobecki, Sebastian (2019).
677:Sobecki, Sebastian (2023),
444:(Book II, Chapter 2 of the
1505:
1489:15th-century English poets
736:Furnivall, Frederick James
655:Perkins, Nicholas (2001),
614:Early English Text Society
580:Early English Text Society
358:1300) translated later by
204:. Later readers found the
123:L'Epistre au Dieu d'Amours
1474:Medieval European scribes
1012:Rozenski, Steven (2008),
644:, Penn State Press, 2001
584:Frederick James Furnivall
474:Durham University Library
266:Oxford English Dictionary
1434:Works by Thomas Hoccleve
1412:The Regiment of Princes,
875:Bowers, John M. (2002).
741:"Hoccleve, Thomas"
663:, Boydell & Brewer,
598:Selections from Hoccleve
104:Office of the Privy Seal
73:Office of the Privy Seal
1419:Hoccleve's short poetry
1364:Encyclopædia Britannica
787:Encyclopædia Britannica
626:The Regiment of Princes
606:Oxford University Press
618:Complaint and Dialogue
476:, Cosin MS V. iii. 9 (
408:Humphrey of Gloucester
244:
215:Complaint and Dialogue
159:Dialogue with a Friend
37:
572:De Regimine Principum
446:Horologium Sapientiae
350:, and from a work of
227:
24:
1400:The Hoccleve Archive
701:Watt, David (2013),
574:was printed for the
258:The Canterbury Tales
1312:10.1093/res/hgaa050
600:, published by the
554:, who included his
536:manuscripts of the
456:manuscripts of the
352:Jacques de Cessoles
347:Secretum Secretorum
338:Aegidius de Colonna
330:Regement of Princes
323:Regiment of Princes
198:Regiment of Princes
139:Regement of Princes
115:The Letter to Cupid
100:Regiment of Princes
57:Regement of Princes
31:the Duke of Norfolk
27:Regement of Princes
1484:English male poets
1383:Works by or about
1260:The Chaucer Review
1220:10.1093/res/hgz042
1161:Huntington Library
1136:Huntington Library
1030:10.1353/pgn.0.0053
881:The Chaucer Review
510:Christine de Pizan
485:Huntington Library
372:House of Lancaster
334:Henry V of England
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119:Christine de Pizan
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1238:Confessio Amantis
783:"Thomas Hoccleve"
522:Confessio Amantis
254:The House of Fame
127:Hundred Years War
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