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401:(MASS MoCA) in 1999. He was not discouraged by those that did not get off the ground, and through persistence was able to see several huge projects to completion. The success of the expansion in Berlin came on the heels of the collapse of a proposed Guggenheim satellite in Salzburg, Austria, while at one time there were as many as three nascent projects in Venice.
955:
Mahoney (2006) "...for much of his long career at the
Guggenheim, Mr. Krens has been both praised and vilified for turning what was once a small New York institution into a worldwide brand, creating the first truly multinational arts institution. Its reputation solidified by the triumphant opening of
453:
critic
Michael Kimmelman said the sales "stretched the accepted rules of deaccessioning further than many American institutions have been willing to do." Krens pointed out that the works acquired were no longer considered contemporary, but rather classics, and that such sales are a regular practice
505:
became the new museum director while Krens remained director of the
Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, amid some grumbling that the New York City building was being neglected, and financial friction with foundation trustees. Also in 2005, there was an attempt to force Krens out by a Guggenheim board
420:
The success of the
Guggenheim Bilbao expansion was credited to Krens' tenacity and salesmanship, and was a major victory for him. As of 2006 the Guggenheim museums worldwide had received a steady 2.5 million visitors a year for the prior 4–5 years, and attendance at the New York museum had tripled,
860:
Gibson (1998) "It was Thomas Krens, the
Guggenheim's director, who set the tone for the current hyperthyroid phase of museum self-definition. When he took over in the late 1980s, Mr. Krens shrewdly saw that he could use the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice -- a small sister institution -- to
408:
complained at the time of many institutions expanding more rapidly than their collections allowed, leaving empty display space, the
Guggenheim under Krens also found itself quickly acquiring new collections and being strapped for somewhere to put them, driving the need for expansions such as the
317:
Krens mounted several historic exhibitions that rank among the 10 best-attended shows in the
Guggenheim's history: "Africa: The Art of a Continent," in 1996; "China: 5,000 Years," in 1998, "Brazil: Body & Soul," in 2001; and "The Aztec Empire," in 2004. Moreover, under his leadership the
308:
the
Guggenheim, Krens said, "A good brand becomes an article of faith among a consumer audience. If you buy a BMW or a Mercedes, or stay at a Four Seasons hotel or go the Louvre, you can be pretty much guaranteed a quality experience." During his tenure, Krens has increased the Guggenheim’s
299:
When Krens became the
Guggenheim's director in 1988, faced with a tight budget, a building in need of renovation and weak donor interest, he said, "If you want a vital institution, change has to take place on so many fronts that it's likely to be bewildering." The 90s were a period of rapid
462:
Krens has been the subject of criticism, both for his businesslike style and the way he changed museums, in particular the showmanship, populism and commercialization involved. Krens denied seeking to become a public figure, and said his media reputation is the result of "mostly inaccurate
513:
Krens is seen by some young museum directors as a role model, or perhaps a cautionary tale. Exhibitions credited to inspiration by Krens have since appeared, such as a 2009 motorcycle show in Sydney, Australia. Guggenheim's Bilbao project is also credited with directly inspiring
409:
Bilbao museum. Krens pointed out that the
Guggenheim and many museums already had more objects in storage than they could hope to display, and spreading them geographically is a good solution. The Guggenheim in 1992 had space to display at one time 3% of its 6,000 works.
267:, who are credited with forming the cadre of museum curators and art historians now known as the Williams Art Mafia. After earning a master's degree in studio art from SUNY Albany in 1971, he returned to Williams to teach printmaking and was appointed director of the
497:
presenting rock music performance costumes. Krens dismissed the suggestion that Armani rented out the Guggenheim to show its wares, saying, "It's a non-story. Who do you get to support an institution? People who have relationships with it."
870:
Mahoney (2006) "When Advertising Age told Thomas Krens, CEO-chief artistic officer of the Guggenheim Museum, that he had been named a marketing innovator, he was quiet for a minute. 'Is that an honor in my field,' he asked, 'or is it a
861:
leverage the New York museum from sleepy also-ran into major international player. This it now indisputably is, never mind the risks to the collection as it wings its way from one overseas Guggenheim outpost to the next."
412:
The strategy pursued, radical in the eyes of traditionalists, consisted of new construction and renovation, financed by bonds, and franchising by building satellite institutions around the world. Krens denied that
510:, who had given US$ 77 million to the foundation. Lewis had become alarmed over the foundation's financial position and its reputation. The dispute ended with the board backing Krens and Lewis resigning.
1129:
303:
Krens was at the forefront of this movement, and became a high-profile figure in the world of art museums, corporate and foundation philanthropy, and the marketing of art to the public. On the subject of
1251:
Ward, Vicky (August 2005), "A House Divided; No one denies that Thomas Krens, the Guggenheim's controversial director, has put the museum on the map-literally, figuratively, and, some say, dangerously",
1310:
657:
Obras maestras de la ColecciĂłn Guggenheim : de Picasso a Pollock : 17 de enero al 13 de mayo de 1991, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina SofĂa / direcciĂłn, Thomas Krens, Carmen GimĂ©nez
228:
and ambitious shows covering the art of entire countries, including China and Brazil. As director, Krens increased the Guggenheim’s endowment from US$ 20 million to US$ 118 million.
369:
at Deutsche Guggenheim Berlin. These works later became part of the Guggenheim’s collection. In Bilbao, Krens led an acquisitions program that has included major installations of works by
429:
In 1990, amidst a wave of US museums selling off parts of their collections, Krens was in the spotlight for selling works from what was seen as the Guggenheim's older, core collection (
179:
in New York City. From the beginning of his work at the Guggenheim, Krens promised, and delivered, great change, and was frequently in the spotlight, often as a figure of controversy.
572:
255:, an upstate community on the Erie Canal. Krens graduated from Williams College in 1969 with a degree in political science. While at Williams, he also studied with art historians
839:
Gibson (1998) "A National Endowment for the Arts survey released in September reported that 35% of adults had visited an art museum at least once in 1997, up from 27% in 1992."
1305:
1212:
397:, one of many tentative expansion projects that Krens launched or proposed when he came to the Guggenheim. Krens's conception came to fruition when the site became the
1135:
271:
in 1980. During this time, Krens earned an M.B.A. from Yale University, which launched him into a career in museum management. In 1986, he was made consultant for the
421:
according to Krens. Part of the strategy of international expansion was for host country governments to bear the costs, benefiting from prestige and tourist income.
1131:
Thomas Krens To Step Down As Director Of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation To Assume Leadership Role In Developing The New Guggenheim Abu Dhabi (press release)
677:
Masterpieces from the Guggenheim : Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, September 22, 1991-January 12, 1992 / selected by Thomas Krens with Lisa Dennison.
956:
the Frank Gehry-designed Guggenheim Bilbao in Spain nearly 10 years ago, Mr. Krens transformed the Guggenheim into one of the best-known brand name in the arts."
560:
599:
530:, said of Thomas Krens, "Krens is his own worst enemy. Everybody thinks that he is a corporate business type, but he is actually a great dreamer."
417:(selling works from the collection) was a policy as well, though he was accused of treating the museum's collection of masterpieces as mere assets.
398:
295:'s Solomon R. Guggenheim museum in New York City during one of two renovations carried out during Thomas Krens' tenure as Director. 14 July 2007.
640:
Da van Gogh a Picasso, Da Kandinsky a Pollock : il percorso dell'arte moderna / a cura di Thomas Krens, con Germano Celant, Lisa Dennison.
79:
654:
Krens, Thomas; GimĂ©nez, Carmen; Peggy Guggenheim Collection; Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina SofĂa; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (1990),
1191:
1202:
Plagens, Peter (7 September 1998), "Rumble on the Ramps.('The Art of the Motorcycle,' Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York)",
393:, Marshall Street plant in North Adams, Massachusetts into the world's largest contemporary art museum back when he was director of the
232:
154:
1000:
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685:
665:
628:
536:
1020:
390:
587:
1315:
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106:
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endowment to $ 118 million from $ 20 million, although he has been known to dip into the endowment to cover operating costs.
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240:
36:
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was condemnation, and the hint of scandal over the financing of a Guggenheim retrospective of the work of fashion designer
485:
elicited withering attacks. The charge that the Guggenheim had sold out to the mass market coincided with hip-hop at the
637:
Krens, Thomas; Celant, German; Dennison, Lisa; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum; Italie Palazzo Grassi Venise, eds. (1990),
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162:
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139:
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477:, who sees Krens as a "bureaucrat" who has caused disaster at a major cultural institution. Kramer's reaction to
519:
224:
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134:
898:
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Refigured painting : the German image, 1960-88 / edited by Thomas Krens, Michael Govan, Joseph Thompson
1300:
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236:
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350:
158:
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617:
Krens, Thomas; Thompson, Joseph; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum; Williams College Museum of Art (1989),
1295:
219:
203:
674:
Krens, Thomas; Dennison, Lisa; Art Gallery of New South Wales; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (1991),
175:(born December 26, 1946) is the former director and Senior Advisor for International Affairs of the
1239:
195:
300:
expansion of museums across the US, not only the Guggenheim, and museum attendance was rising.
1106:"Giorgio's new emporium; The Guggenheim has given itself over to Armani. Michael Ellison despair"
292:
124:
1006:
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1002:
Dangerous Curves: Art of the Guitar Sunday, November 5, 2000 - Sunday, February 25, 2001
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260:
127:
from Williams College, Yale University, and the State University of New York at Albany
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527:
502:
474:
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370:
61:
1117:
287:
30:
1022:
ROCK STYLE IS THEME FOR METROPOLITAN MUSEUM'S DECEMBER COSTUME INSTITUTE EXHIBITION
515:
374:
222:, currently under development. Krens spearheaded spectacular exhibitions such as
699:
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638:
618:
215:
442:
358:
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In 1989, Krens negotiated a gift of Impressionist paintings from the widow of
1085:
335:
434:
1173:
199:
1275:"Goodbye to Guggenheim's Krens, Franchising, Wackiness: Commentary"
381:. He also has doubled the size of the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.
501:
Krens gave up day-to-day control of the New York museum in 2005.
286:
116:
Director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation from 1988 to 2008
389:
In 1986, Krens first conceived of converting the recently closed
748:
231:
Krens was succeeded as director of the Guggenheim Foundation by
214:, Mexico (cancelled in 2009, originally to open 2011), and the
694:
Krens, Thomas; Guggenheim Museum Staff (1998), Krens, Thomas;
449:. That is, the Guggenheim was accused of being trendy, and
441:) to raise $ 47 million to acquire newer 1960s and 1970s
275:
in New York, and two years later became director of the
90:
HHD (honors) State University of New York at Albany 1989
1217:, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, archived from
1134:, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, archived from
182:
During his 20-year tenure as director he expanded the
1076:
Bradley, Kim (July 1997), "The Deal of the Century",
186:
globally by enlarging and raising the profile of the
1311:
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
146:
120:
112:
102:
94:
68:
44:
21:
1181:Mahoney, Sarah (2 October 2006), "Thomas Krens",
1025:, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 3 December 1999
357:and oversaw the commissions of major artworks by
235:, formerly the chief curator and director of the
129:Special Prize for Architectural Patronage at the
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847:
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743:
741:
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737:
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733:
823:
821:
819:
817:
1263:"Guggenheim's Provocative Director Steps Down"
1166:"Gehry's New Guggenheim Is Kitschy Theme Park"
1080:, vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 48 (10),
930:
928:
926:
881:
879:
877:
835:
833:
210:, also in Las Vegas, (2001, closed May 2008),
1246:, London, UK: Guardian News and Media Limited
1005:, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, archived from
986:
984:
982:
980:
893:
891:
785:
783:
781:
318:Guggenheim organized major retrospectives of
8:
899:Guggenheim’s Provocative Director Steps Down
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
353:, acquired works of Minimalist art from the
1240:"Is this the end of the Guggenheim dream?"
1092:Dobrzynski, Judith H. (20 February 2000),
29:
18:
1306:Directors of museums in the United States
1094:"Hip vs. stately: the Tao of two museums"
768:
766:
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762:
760:
283:Directorship of the Guggenheim Foundation
1206:, vol. 132, no. 10, p. 80
1185:, vol. 77, no. 40, p. I-8
1145:"Art View; The High Cost of Selling Art"
399:Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art
190:in Venice, Italy, and then building the
98:Senior Advisor for International Affairs
1052:, Louise Blouin Media, 25 December 2005
729:
532:
84:Master in Pub. and Private Management
80:State University of New York at Albany
1273:Yablonsky, Linda (28 February 2008),
1192:"Two legs good ... two wheels better"
1128:Goldhar, Eleanor R. (February 2008),
1104:Ellison, Michael (16 December 2000),
7:
1143:Kimmelman, Michael (April 1, 1990),
466:One of his harshest critics was the
1164:Kramer, Hilton (11 December 2000),
542:Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice
506:member, billionaire philanthropist
155:Association of Art Museum Directors
1190:Meacham, Steve (28 January 2009),
593:Guggenheim Guadalajara (rendering)
202:, Germany (1997, ended 2013), the
14:
1261:Vogel, Carol (28 February 2008),
1238:Sudjic, Deyan (23 January 2005),
1116:Gibson, Eric (27 November 1998),
915:A Museum Visionary Envisions More
897:Carol Vogel (February 28, 2008),
1046:"2005: Art World Year-in-Review"
660:, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,
605:Guggenheim Abu Dhabi (rendering)
598:
586:
571:
559:
547:
535:
277:Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
177:Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
107:Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
72:B.A. Political Economy w/honors
1118:"For Museums, Bigger Is Better"
526:, Exhibitions Secretary of the
131:Venice Biennale of Architecture
1172:, New York, NY, archived from
753:, Marquis Who's Who on the Web
750:Biography Profile Thomas Krens
495:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
395:Williams College Museum of Art
269:Williams College Museum of Art
241:Whitney Museum of American Art
37:Williams College Museum of Art
1:
913:Carol Vogel (April 27, 2005)
493:featuring guitar design, and
35:Thomas Krens speaking at the
313:Exhibitions and acquisitions
273:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
163:Council on Foreign Relations
920:. Accessed 2 February 2011.
904:. Accessed 2 February 2011.
789:Guggenheim Foundation staff
491:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
208:Guggenheim Hermitage Museum
188:Peggy Guggenheim Collection
140:American Federation of Arts
1332:
1196:The Sydney Morning Herald
701:The Art of the Motorcycle
579:The Art of the Motorcycle
520:Imperial War Museum North
479:The Art of the Motorcycle
225:The Art of the Motorcycle
151:
142:Cultural Leadership Award
28:
206:(2001, closed 2003) and
192:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
135:Order of the Aztec Eagle
16:American museum director
1316:Williams College alumni
1122:The Wall Street Journal
406:The Wall Street Journal
487:Brooklyn Museum of Art
296:
237:Carnegie Museum of Art
212:Guggenheim Guadalajara
1170:The New York Observer
680:, Guggenheim Museum,
611:Books by Thomas Krens
518:in Liverpool and the
458:Style and controversy
351:Justin K. Thannhauser
290:
239:and a curator at the
445:sculptures from the
220:Guggenheim Abu Dhabi
204:Guggenheim Las Vegas
1228:"Thomas Krens News"
704:, Harry N. Abrams,
566:Deutsche Guggenheim
251:Born and raised in
196:Deutsche Guggenheim
125:Honorary Doctorates
1267:The New York Times
1232:The New York Times
1098:The New York Times
773:The New York Times
522:near Manchester.
451:The New York Times
297:
293:Frank Lloyd Wright
159:Réunion des Musées
1214:Richard Armstrong
1176:on 6 October 2008
851:Dobrzynski (2000)
554:Guggenheim Bilbao
233:Richard Armstrong
170:
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55:December 26, 1946
1323:
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1234:
1222:
1221:on June 28, 2009
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1009:on June 15, 2010
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946:Kimmelman (1990)
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827:Yablonsky (2008)
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524:Norman Rosenthal
447:Panza Collection
391:Sprague Electric
385:Museum expansion
379:Louise Bourgeois
363:Rachel Whiteread
355:Panza Collection
328:Roy Lichtenstein
324:James Rosenquist
257:Whitney Stoddard
253:Newark, New York
194:, Spain (1997),
74:Williams College
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367:Gerhard Richter
332:Ellsworth Kelly
320:Claes Oldenburg
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265:William Pierson
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86:Yale University
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1226:staff (2009),
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1211:staff (2009),
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1199:
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1161:
1150:New York Times
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1113:
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1078:Art in America
1072:
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1062:Meacham (2009)
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1037:
1035:Ellison (2000)
1028:
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976:
967:
965:Plagens (1998)
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948:
936:
934:Bradley (1997)
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918:New York Times
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902:New York Times
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885:Mahoney (2006)
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696:Drutt, Matthew
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508:Peter B. Lewis
483:Giorgio Armani
463:caricatures."
459:
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426:
425:Deaccessioning
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415:deaccessioning
386:
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361:, Rosenquist,
344:Matthew Barney
340:Richard Prince
314:
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261:S. Lane Faison
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113:Known for
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1301:Living people
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1279:Bloomberg.com
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1256:, p. 128
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1138:on 2009-06-28
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990:Sudjic (2005)
987:
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977:
974:Kramer (2000)
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811:Tuttle (1992)
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503:Lisa Dennison
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475:Hilton Kramer
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469:New Criterion
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62:New York City
57:(age 77)
47:
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1278:
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1253:
1244:The Observer
1243:
1231:
1219:the original
1213:
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1174:the original
1169:
1154:, retrieved
1148:
1136:the original
1130:
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1110:The Guardian
1109:
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700:
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639:
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516:Fourth Grace
512:
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454:by museums.
450:
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375:Jenny Holzer
348:
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291:Exterior of
250:
230:
223:
181:
173:Thomas Krens
172:
171:
23:Thomas Krens
1296:1946 births
1254:Vanity Fair
623:, Prestel,
216:Frank Gehry
1290:Categories
1069:References
871:negative?"
717:2010-07-31
647:2010-07-31
643:, Bompiani
443:Minimalist
439:Modigliani
359:Jeff Koons
247:Early life
218:-designed
184:Guggenheim
165:, New York
153:Member of
95:Occupation
51:1946-12-26
1086:0004-3214
581:Las Vegas
431:Kandinsky
373:, Koons,
336:Roni Horn
69:Education
1204:Newsweek
1156:April 9,
698:(eds.),
306:branding
137:(Mexico)
103:Employer
82:Art 1971
39:in 2006.
1050:ArtInfo
435:Chagall
1084:
775:staff.
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489:, the
404:While
342:, and
263:, and
200:Berlin
121:Awards
725:Notes
147:Notes
78:M.A.
1158:2012
1082:ISSN
706:ISBN
682:ISBN
662:ISBN
625:ISBN
437:and
377:and
365:and
88:1984
76:1969
45:Born
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