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interpretation of this miracle was that the goddess was sending him a sign by "shaking her bed" that the Virgin should in future be venerated instead of her. Hulda is depicted as a maiden in snow-white clothes – she is the protector of women's crafts but also associated with wilderness and winter – when it snows, it is said that Hulda is shaking out her feather pillow. When his followers finally found the
Emperor he pledged that he would construct a cathedral to honour the Virgin where the mound with the rose was. He did spare the rose, and built the cathedral in a way that the rose is growing now behind the altar in the apse. After more than a thousand years, the same rose bush still blossoms.
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85:), it grows against the eastern apse of the cathedral, which is around 21 m (69 ft) high and 9 m (30 ft) wide. The rose bush reaches a height of around 10 m (33 ft) and documentation verifies its age at around 700 years. Slight variations arise in the tale of the establishment of the diocese by King
394:
When he woke up, the mound was covered with glittering white snow despite it being the middle of summer. The bush was in full bloom, the grass was lush and the trees were covered in leaves. He looked for his reliquary and saw it was covered in ice between the branches of the rose-bush. The
Emperor's
162:
In traditional
Austrian folk medicine the rose hips have been used to make a tea for treatment of viral infections and disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract. The mature rose is also attractive to wildlife, various insects and serves as a shelter for nesting birds. The birds eat the hips in the
445:
came from the rose at
Hildesheim. Written by Mabel Wagnalls and published in 1918, it is a tale about a young girl abandoning her baby to the care of a convent. The mother later gains notoriety, has a "spiritual transformation" and rekindles a relationship with her child. The story went on to form
166:
The rose blossoms usually survive for around a fortnight and appear toward the end of May but this can vary slightly according to weather conditions. The flowers have a pale, very light pink colour with a slight white colouring in the middle and they are of a medium size. The flowers have a rather
146:
normally ranging in height from one to three metres; however occasionally it can climb if given support. The stems are covered with small, sharp, hooked spines to assist it in climbing. The leaves have between five and seven leaflets. The flowers are usually pale pink, fragrant, four to six
167:
light fragrance. The five petals of the flowers are weakly undulated. The leaves are shiny dark-green on the upper side and hairless on the underside. The rose hips are oval and quite elongated and of a bright medium reddish colouring. The thorns are of medium density and size.
402:
and promised that he would erect a chapel wherever it was discovered. The reliquary was found on the branches of a wild rose and the
Emperor constructed the sanctuary beside the rose, with the altar close to the site where the rose was growing.
371:. While he was hunting a white buck, he became separated from his fellow hunters and lost his game and horse. He tried to summon help with his hunting-horn, but nobody answered the call. Disoriented and alone, he swam across the
494:
982:
851:
Vogl, Sylvia; Picker, Paolo; Mihaly-Bison, Judit; Fakhrudin, Nanang; Atanasov, Atanas G; Heiss, Elke H; Wawrosch, Christoph; Reznicek, Gottfried; Dirsch, Verena M; Saukel, Johannes; Kopp, Brigitte (2013).
518:
120:, also called a dog rose. According to legend, it dates back to the establishment of the diocese of Hildesheim, around 815. The buildings were constructed around the area in which the rose was growing.
174:
Allied bombs devastated the cathedral, but the rosebush survived; the parts of the plant above the ground were damaged but the roots remained alive under the ruins, and the hardy rose regrew.
131:, have around 20–30 species and subspecies, which appear in a variety of shapes and occur mostly in Northern and Central Europe. The rose that grows on the Saint Mary Cathedral belongs to the
648:
2319:
816:
Lattanzio, Francesca; Greco, Emanuela; Carretta, Donatella; Cervellati, Rinaldo; Govoni, Paolo; Speroni, Ester (2011). "In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Rosa canina L. Extract".
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was unable to remove the reliquary from the branches. Believing this to be a symbol of God's will, the
Emperor had a church constructed there instead of as originally planned at
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763:
2173:
978:
854:"Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine—An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"
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93:, but the roots of the rose bush survived and it blossomed again among the ruins. According to legend, while the rose bush flourishes, Hildesheim will prosper.
438:. A narrative about "sacrifice and denial", it was modelled on the story of the rose. Published in 1896, it was the title verse in an omnibus of her poems.
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Painting by an anonymous artist from 1652 illustrating the founding legend of the cathedral; it is held by the
Hildesheim Cathedral Museum.
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at
Hildesheim in 815 but the rose bush is a common theme in all versions. The cathedral was destroyed by Allied bombers in 1945 during the
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while out hunting. The artefact was placed in a tree while the sermon was undertaken but not retrieved when the hunt resumed. Later a
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A poem about the rose was published in 1896. In the early twentieth century, after visiting the cathedral and seeing the rose, author
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According to a different version of the legend, the German emperor Louis the Pious lost his cherished reliquary while chasing
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centimetres in diameter with five petals, and develop into oval 1.5–2 cm (0.59–0.79 in) red-orange coloured
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river then walked all day until he arrived at a mound covered with a wild rose, the symbol of the old
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281:, Germany, about 19 km (12 mi) west of Hildesheim. He dedicated the missionary diocese to
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Not all roses are so durable; the longest living rose bushes are mostly categorised as wild roses.
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410:, an 11th-century publication. The Emperor had taken the reliquary to use when he stopped to say
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About fifty years after the diocese's establishment, the first large cathedral was ready. Also a
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in 815. The settlement with the cathedral developed quickly into a town which was given
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has the shortest lifespan: it might not survive more than thirty to fifty years.
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was inspired to write a book, which went on to form the basis of a silent film.
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may have a much shorter lifespan of only a couple of hundred years. The
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is believed to be the oldest living rose in the world. A wild dog rose (
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Cloister with St. Anne's Chapel and the rose in the background, c. 1845
324:
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level and is used to make tea and marmalade. The rose hips are used in
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339:. The cathedral was ruined by WWII bombings, but the rose survived.
16:
Rose on the apse of the
Hildesheim Cathedral in Hildesheim, Germany
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107:
18:
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359:, Robert Schauffler tells the legend of the rose. In 815 Emperor
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979:"St. Mary's Cathedral and St. Michael's Church in Hildesheim"
40:, literally: Thousand-year-old Rosebush), also known as the
673:
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554:"St Mary's Cathedral and St Michael's Church at Hildesheim"
1222:
Barber, Richard; Hunt, Tony; Takamiya, Toshiyuki (1992),
323:
was built during this time by the
Benedictine monk Saint
1404:
649:
The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser
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Concours international de roses nouvelles de Bagatelle
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over which he prayed for rescue until he fell asleep.
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The rose that climbs on the wall of the cathedral's
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1976:
1908:
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1032:(in German). Katholische Nachrichten. 6 June 2010.
1030:"1000jähriger Rosenstock am Hildesheimer Dom blüht"
903:"Hildesheim's Medieval Church Treasures at the Met"
500:
Old postcard with the rose, possibly around 1905–9.
406:Another slight variation to the legend is given in
1167:
524:An illustration of the rose in the German journal
690:Peters, Renate; Peters, Helmut (November 2013).
2174:Fontvieille Park and Princess Grace Rose Garden
159:as a remedy for inflammatory-related diseases.
1374:, British Library, Historical Print Editions,
1357:The Rose-bush of Hildesheim: A Cathedral Story
1276:Rosor för nordiska trädgårdar : buskrosor
721:
719:
717:
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300:Thus, Hildesheim, one of the oldest cities in
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23:The Rose of Hildesheim climbs on the apse of
8:
1371:The Rose-Tree of Hildesheim, and Other Poems
692:"Tausendjähriger Rosenstock from Hildesheim"
261:in 800 founded a missionary diocese at his
1905:
1427:
1413:
1405:
1326:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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664:– via National Library of Australia.
2392:List of rose cultivars named after people
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135:and it shows the specific features of a
2284:The Gardens of the American Rose Center
2194:Heritage Rose District of New York City
545:
475:
434:was a lengthy sentimental verse called
196:of the same type as the Hildesheim Rose
191:
1319:
985:from the original on 12 September 2015
785:
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530:(The Garden Arbor), 1883, p. 700
327:or Altfrid of Hildesheim, who became
7:
1129:
652:. NSW. 9 September 1893. p. 4.
624:from the original on 16 January 2014
297:, which is celebrated on 15 August.
56:, Germany, that is dedicated to the
2382:List of Award of Garden Merit roses
2269:Royal National Rose Society Gardens
1057:"The oldest living things on Earth"
644:"The Oldest Rose Bush in the World"
446:the basis for the 1924 silent film
2351:World Federation of Rose Societies
2144:Alister Clark Memorial Rose Garden
1168:Barber, Hunt & Takamiya (1992)
656:from the original on 28 March 2021
564:from the original on 26 March 2014
441:Inspiration for the book entitled
430:One of the first printed works by
151:. The fruit is noted for its high
14:
1338:The Rose-bush of a thousand years
981:. German National Tourist Board.
464:. It was written and directed by
452:. The ninety-minute film starred
443:The Rose-bush of a Thousand Years
60:. The cathedral and the adjacent
2415:
2414:
2219:Nieuwesteeg Heritage Rose Garden
1823:
1149:from the original on 12 May 2014
1036:from the original on 12 May 2014
1007:. Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon.
708:from the original on 9 May 2014.
517:
505:
493:
481:
227:
218:
209:
200:
2377:American Garden Rose Selections
1301:, Holda and Related Figures in
1242:from the original on 2018-04-25
1199:from the original on 8 May 2014
1099:from the original on 9 May 2014
1067:from the original on 2020-01-09
1055:Stenger, Richard (2019-11-28).
1011:from the original on 2014-05-10
947:from the original on 8 May 2014
909:from the original on 3 May 2014
797:from the original on 8 May 2014
769:from the original on 2014-05-04
737:from the original on 2 May 2014
590:from the original on 4 May 2014
408:Fundatio Ecclesiae Hildensemens
2279:San Jose Municipal Rose Garden
2204:International Rose Test Garden
901:Gordan, Lucy (November 2013).
285:; it became the origin of the
1:
1341:, Funk & Wagnalls Company
1274:Gustavsson, Lars-Åke (2008),
1260:, London: Hutchinson Radius,
1093:"VI Hildesheim and Fairyland"
245:The different branches marked
2289:Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild
2189:Government Rose Garden, Ooty
2179:Garden Society of Gothenburg
858:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
818:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
727:"1000 years of age rosetree"
116:The rose at Hildesheim is a
2346:Royal National Rose Society
2325:All-America Rose Selections
2169:Exposition Park Rose Garden
436:The Rose-Tree of Hildesheim
2499:
1354:Waller, Mary Ella (1889),
941:"A town's living landmark"
762:. City of Bellingham, WA.
584:"Hildesheim, Lower Saxony"
253:had been conquered by the
52:, a Catholic cathedral in
37:Tausendjähriger Rosenstock
2410:
2402:Roses in Portland, Oregon
2304:Zakir Hussain Rose Garden
2020:Xiphinema diversicaudatum
1821:
1442:
870:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007
830:10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.006
586:. Niedersachsen Tourism.
387:containing relics of the
304:, became the seat of the
157:traditional folk medicine
2149:All-American Rose Garden
1963:Specific replant disease
1785:Souvenir de la Malmaison
1570:Diana, Princess of Wales
1335:Wagnalls, Mabel (1918),
1005:"Altfrid von Hildesheim"
2294:White House Rose Garden
1310:Neigenfind, W. (1964),
793:. Plants for a future.
620:. Sacred Destinations.
488:The rose in August 2009
306:Bishopric of Hildesheim
287:Bishopric of Hildesheim
237:History of the settings
2449:52.149083°N 9.947556°E
1999:Pratylenchus penetrans
1985:Helicotylenchus nannus
1947:Phragmidium mucronatum
1366:Weston, Jessie Laidlay
905:. Inside the Vatican.
618:"Hildesheim Cathedral"
352:
275:district of Hildesheim
246:
113:
112:A picture of the rose.
27:
2387:List of rose breeders
2076:Red Rose of Lancaster
1143:"The Hildesheim Rose"
367:, was hunting in the
355:In 1909, in his book
350:
283:Saints Peter and Paul
244:
127:section of the genus
111:
22:
2483:Hildesheim Cathedral
2397:Miracle of the roses
2229:Parnell Rose Gardens
2224:Parc de la Tête d'or
2159:Château de Bagatelle
2154:Berkeley Rose Garden
2041:Black rose symbolism
1615:Great Maiden's Blush
1297:The Winter Goddess:
1225:Arthurian Literature
1195:. Silent Hollywood.
757:"Amazing Rose Facts"
383:. The Emperor had a
337:Hildesheim Chronicle
329:Bishop of Hildesheim
70:World Heritage Sites
62:St. Michael's Church
50:Hildesheim Cathedral
25:Hildesheim Cathedral
2454:52.149083; 9.947556
2445: /
2356:Portland Gold Award
2274:Różanka Rose Garden
2249:Rose Garden, Coburg
2184:Giardino delle Rose
2066:Kutno Rose Festival
2006:Pratylenchus vulnus
1833:Rose classification
1745:Princesse de Monaco
1675:Louis de Funès rose
1610:Général Jacqueminot
1580:Duchess of Cornwall
1360:, Estes and Lauriat
1313:Unsere schöne Stadt
477:The Hildesheim Rose
426:Film and literature
335:, mentioned by the
170:In 1945 during the
2259:Rosendals Trädgård
2254:Rose trial grounds
2209:McGill Rose Garden
2126:White Rose of York
2116:Thousand-year Rose
2081:Rosalia (festival)
1770:Schoener's Nutkana
1765:Royal William rose
1400:1000-year-old rose
1193:"Revelation, 1924"
363:(778–840), son of
353:
295:Assumption of Mary
247:
114:
58:Assumption of Mary
42:Rose of Hildesheim
32:Thousand-year Rose
28:
2478:Individual plants
2428:
2427:
2313:Rose competitions
2264:Roseraie de L'Haÿ
2244:Rosarium Uetersen
2091:Rose Hall of Fame
2061:Gold-dipped roses
2029:
2028:
1992:Meloidogyne hapla
1968:Verticillium wilt
1876:Rose hip seed oil
1854:Uses and products
1750:Princess of Wales
1735:Precious Platinum
1585:Duke of Edinburgh
1550:Chrysler Imperial
1381:978-1-241-05984-2
1368:(February 2011),
1235:978-0-85991-350-8
1132:, p. 95 (ii)
966:Neigenfind (1964)
928:Gustavsson (2008)
699:By Any Other Name
273:), a town in the
64:have been on the
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2365:Related articles
2330:Rose of the Year
2239:Rome Rose Garden
2214:Mottisfont Abbey
2101:Rose of the Year
2013:Tylenchorhynchus
1906:
1827:
1680:Margaret McGredy
1650:Julia Child rose
1620:Harison's Yellow
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733:: Domsanierung.
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369:Hercynian Forest
357:Romantic Germany
302:Northern Germany
289:. His son, King
255:Frankish Kingdom
231:
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172:Second World war
91:Second World War
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2164:Europa-Rosarium
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2096:Rose (heraldry)
2025:
1972:
1895:
1849:
1845:Hybrid tea rose
1828:
1819:
1755:Queen Elizabeth
1660:Heidi Klum rose
1520:Bridge of Sighs
1480:American Beauty
1475:Albéric Barbier
1451:
1438:
1433:
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1353:
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1348:Further reading
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1334:
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1291:
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1285:978-912735655-9
1273:
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1254:Ginzburg, Carlo
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1180:Wagnalls (1918)
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1170:, p. 4, 52
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1118:Ginzburg (1990)
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678:Gustavsson 2008
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527:Die Gartenlaube
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466:George D. Baker
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361:Louis the Pious
345:
291:Louis the Pious
251:Duchy of Saxony
239:
232:
223:
214:
205:
181:and other rose
123:Dog roses, the
106:
87:Louis the Pious
44:, grows on the
17:
12:
11:
5:
2496:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2426:
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2423:
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2394:
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2379:
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2306:
2301:
2299:Wohl Rose Park
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:Peninsula Park
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:Rose symbolism
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1943:
1941:Powdery mildew
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
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1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Silver Jubilee
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:Mrs Fred Danks
1692:
1690:Mister Lincoln
1687:
1685:Marilyn Monroe
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:Ingrid Bergman
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:Double Delight
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Conquista rose
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:Charles Austin
1537:
1535:Cécile Brünner
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1510:Blush Noisette
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1457:Rose cultivars
1453:
1452:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1389:External links
1387:
1386:
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1362:
1349:
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996:
970:
958:
932:
920:
893:
843:
808:
779:
748:
711:
682:
680:, p. 154.
667:
635:
616:Hayes, Holly.
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98:Mabel Wagnalls
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2339:Organizations
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1882:
1881:Rose hip soup
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1810:Violet Carson
1808:
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1760:Queen Sirikit
1758:
1756:
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1746:
1743:
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1740:Princess Anne
1738:
1736:
1733:
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1723:
1721:
1718:
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1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Mrs. Harkness
1698:
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1518:
1516:
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1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Anne Harkness
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:Abraham Darby
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
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1448:
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1277:
1272:
1269:
1267:0-09-174024-X
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:, DS Brewer,
1227:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1120:, p. 105
1119:
1114:
1111:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
984:
980:
974:
971:
968:, p. 46.
967:
962:
959:
946:
943:. Trekearth.
942:
936:
933:
930:, p. 30.
929:
924:
921:
908:
904:
897:
894:
889:
885:
880:
875:
871:
867:
864:(3): 750–71.
863:
859:
855:
847:
844:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
812:
809:
796:
792:
791:"Rosa canina"
786:
784:
780:
765:
758:
752:
749:
736:
732:
728:
722:
720:
718:
716:
712:
704:
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693:
686:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
655:
651:
650:
645:
639:
636:
623:
619:
612:
610:
608:
606:
602:
589:
585:
579:
576:
563:
559:
555:
549:
546:
540:
535:
529:
528:
520:
515:
508:
503:
496:
491:
484:
479:
476:
471:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:
444:
439:
437:
433:
432:Jessie Weston
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
401:
396:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
349:
342:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
314:King Otto III
311:
310:market rights
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Aula Caesaris
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
243:
236:
230:
225:
221:
216:
212:
207:
203:
198:
195:
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173:
168:
164:
160:
158:
154:
150:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
110:
103:
101:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
83:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
26:
21:
2440:09°56′51.2″E
2437:52°08′56.7″N
2430:
2136:Rose gardens
2115:
2086:Rose (color)
2071:Rainbow rose
2051:English rose
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1958:Sooty moulds
1945:
1931:Downy mildew
1866:Garden roses
1815:Wife of Bath
1805:Veilchenblau
1780:Soleil d'Or'
1640:Jeanie Deans
1605:Garden Party
1600:English Miss
1446:
1370:
1356:
1337:
1316:, Hildesheim
1314:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1275:
1257:
1244:, retrieved
1224:
1215:Bibliography
1201:. Retrieved
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1069:. Retrieved
1060:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1024:
1013:. Retrieved
999:
987:. Retrieved
973:
961:
949:. Retrieved
935:
923:
911:. Retrieved
896:
861:
857:
846:
824:(1): 880–5.
821:
817:
811:
799:. Retrieved
771:. Retrieved
751:
739:. Retrieved
698:
685:
658:. Retrieved
647:
638:
626:. Retrieved
592:. Retrieved
578:
566:. Retrieved
548:
525:
447:
442:
440:
435:
429:
407:
405:
397:
393:
356:
354:
331:and founded
318:
299:
279:Lower Saxony
270:
248:
193:
179:Garden roses
176:
169:
165:
161:
136:
132:
128:
124:
122:
117:
115:
95:
80:
74:
72:since 1985.
41:
36:
35:
31:
29:
2452: /
2056:Golden Rose
1916:Anthracnose
1861:Cut flowers
1790:Spice Twice
1730:Pink Wonder
1670:Line Renaud
1655:'Just Joey'
1645:Joanna Hill
1525:Buff Beauty
1500:Beirut Rose
1495:Arthur Bell
1395:UNESCO site
1293:Motz, Lotte
1182:, p. 9
1130:Motz (1984)
1095:. Lexicus.
389:Virgin Mary
365:Charlemagne
333:Essen Abbey
263:Eastphalian
259:Charlemagne
194:Rosa canina
133:Rosa canina
118:Rosa canina
82:Rosa canina
2467:Categories
2199:Hex Castle
2121:Tudor rose
1936:Grey mould
1921:Black spot
1891:Rose water
1840:Floribunda
1725:Perle d'Or
1530:Camp David
1485:Angel Face
1246:2016-10-13
1071:2020-01-09
1061:CNN Travel
1015:2014-04-30
773:2014-04-30
536:References
458:Monte Blue
454:Viola Dana
449:Revelation
257:, Emperor
249:After the
139:, being a
54:Hildesheim
2106:Rose show
2046:Blue rose
1800:Sunsprite
1795:Sun Flare
1715:Old Blush
1665:La France
1565:De Rescht
1515:Bonica 82
1258:Ecstasies
701:(10): 3.
541:Citations
385:reliquary
321:monastery
265:court in
183:cultivars
153:vitamin C
141:deciduous
34:(German:
2420:Category
2372:ADR rose
1909:Diseases
1886:Rose oil
1871:Rose hip
1710:Oklahoma
1625:'KORbin'
1505:Belmonte
1445:List of
1322:citation
1303:Folklore
1295:(1984),
1256:(1990),
1240:archived
1197:Archived
1153:29 April
1147:Archived
1103:29 April
1097:Archived
1065:Archived
1034:Archived
1009:Archived
983:Archived
951:29 April
945:Archived
913:30 April
907:Archived
888:23770053
838:21771653
801:30 April
795:Archived
764:Archived
741:30 April
735:Archived
703:Archived
654:Archived
628:30 April
622:Archived
594:30 April
588:Archived
562:Archived
462:Lew Cody
416:chaplain
379:goddess
373:Innerste
316:in 983.
187:tea rose
163:winter.
68:list of
2034:Culture
1901:Threats
1635:Ispahan
1560:Cupcake
1449:species
1145:. HMF.
879:3791396
472:Gallery
325:Altfrid
125:Caninae
48:of the
1926:Canker
1705:Nevada
1545:Chopin
1378:
1299:Percht
1282:
1264:
1232:
886:
876:
836:
558:UNESCO
343:Legend
137:canina
66:UNESCO
2473:Roses
1977:Pests
1720:Peace
1595:Elina
1470:Alain
1436:Roses
1203:3 May
1040:1 May
989:1 May
767:(PDF)
760:(PDF)
706:(PDF)
695:(PDF)
660:8 May
568:2 May
381:Hulda
377:Saxon
277:, in
144:shrub
1952:rust
1590:Eden
1447:Rosa
1376:ISBN
1328:link
1280:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1230:ISBN
1205:2014
1155:2014
1105:2014
1042:2014
991:2014
953:2014
915:2014
884:PMID
834:PMID
803:2014
743:2014
662:2014
630:2014
596:2014
570:2014
460:and
420:Elze
412:Mass
400:game
267:Elze
149:hips
129:Rosa
104:Rose
77:apse
46:apse
30:The
874:PMC
866:doi
862:149
826:doi
822:137
312:by
2469::
1324:}}
1320:{{
1278:,
1238:,
1080:^
1063:.
1059:.
882:.
872:.
860:.
856:.
832:.
820:.
782:^
731:DE
729:.
714:^
697:.
670:^
646:.
604:^
560:.
556:.
468:.
456:,
422:.
1954:)
1950:(
1428:e
1421:t
1414:v
1330:)
1207:.
1157:.
1107:.
1074:.
1044:.
1018:.
993:.
955:.
917:.
890:.
868::
840:.
828::
805:.
776:.
745:.
632:.
598:.
572:.
269:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
