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209:: a bridge where the deck does not have to be carried over the top of the arch. This requires a structure that can both support the deck from the arch by tension rods, chains or cables and allow a gap in the arch, so the deck can pass through it. The first of these in particular cannot be achieved with masonry construction and requires
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The use of a through arch does not change the proportions or size of the arch: a large span will still require a tall arch, although this can now reach any height above the deck without obstructing traffic. The arch may also reach downwards at its sides, to either reach strong foundations or to place
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In modern construction, temporary towers are erected and supported by cables anchored in the ground. Temporary cables fly from each side to support arch segments as they are constructed. When the arches are almost complete a jacking bridge is placed over or beneath the gap to force the arches apart,
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may become so steep as to require steps, making their use for wheeled traffic difficult. Railways also find arched bridges difficult as they are even less tolerant of inclines. Where simple arched bridges are used for railways on flat terrain the cost of building long approach embankments may be
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arches, the proportions of the arch remain similar no matter what the size: wider arches are thus required to be taller arches. For a semi-circular arch, the height is half of the span. Bridges across deep, narrow gorges can have their arch placed entirely beneath a flat roadway, but bridges in
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from each side, with the shoreside ends bolted securely down into heavy piers. The incomplete channel ends are then constructed toward each other and either filled by construction or by lifting a prefabricated center section. This type of construction was used in the
37:
198:, increases this side thrust. It is often impossible to achieve a flat enough arch, simply owing to the limitations of the foundations – particularly in flat country. Historically, such bridges often became
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for the bridge. Arch bridges generate large side thrusts on their footings and so may require a solid bedrock foundation. Flattening the arch shape to avoid the humpback problem, such as for
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The converse is not true: through-arch bridges do not imply that they are tied-arch bridges, unless they also provide the deliberate tension member that is the key to a tied-arch. Although
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planes, the structure is a parallel rib arch bridge. When the two arch ribs lean together and shorten the distance between the arches near the top, the span is a basket handle arch bridge.
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flatter country rise above their road approaches. A wide bridge may require an arch so tall as to become a significant obstacle and incline for the roadway. Small bridges can be
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are also through-arch bridges. As well as tying the side-loads of the arch, the tension member is also at a convenient height to form the bridge deck, as for a through-arch.
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that is made from materials such as steel or reinforced concrete, in which the base of an arch structure is below the deck but the top rises above it. It can either be
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similar, tied- and untied- through-arch bridges are quite distinct structurally and are unrelated in how they distribute their loads. In particular,
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The through arch (or rainbow arch) usually consists of two arch ribs that extend well above the roadway on each side of the bridge.
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under construction in 2020. The partially completed arch is supported by wires attaching it to the completed arch behind it.
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may resemble tied-arch bridges, but as cast iron is weak in tension they are not structurally a tied arch.
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illustrated above, with the supporting cables to the higher side of the arches removed after completion.
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With the availability of iron or concrete as structural materials, it became possible to construct a
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is an example of a basket handle arch. Seen from one end, the two arches take the form of a handle.
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732:"Load test design and stability analysis of basket handle arch bridge with reinforced concrete"
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In some locations it is not practical to support the arch from beneath during construction.
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The through arch bridge usually consists of two ribs, although there are examples like the
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the roadway at a convenient height for spanning a deep valley from a plateau above. The
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Zhang, Xiangdong; Zhang, Bin; Jiang, Lizhong; Xie, Mowen (November 8, 2013).
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whence the final section is constructed in place or lifted into position.
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of through arches with a single rib. When the two arches are built in
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161:. Thus, the deck is within the arch, and cables or beams that are in
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In some cases, this type of arch has been created by constructing
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106:
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685:"tynevalleywalking: Wylam Railway Bridge: The first of its kind"
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is an early through arch bridge upstream of the Tyne Bridge.
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738:. 838–841. Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland: 1009–1013.
317:, China, the 2nd longest steel arch bridge in the world.
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261:, which is longer than the Sydney Harbour Bridge; the
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suspend the central part of the deck from the arch.
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245:in China, the world's longest through arch bridge;
173:For a specific construction method, especially for
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120:
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102:
94:
76:
66:
1130:List of lists of covered bridges in North America
349:, the 6th longest steel arch bridge in the world.
46:, a mid-bearing through arch bridge spanning the
665:Chongqing completes world's longest arch bridge
807:
8:
30:
744:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.838-841.1009
814:
800:
792:
771:Tonias, Demetrios E.; Jim J. Zhao (2007).
333:, New York, shortly after its completion.
229:A well-known example of this type is the
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303:
221:demonstrates both of these advantages.
399:, the 9th longest through arch bridge.
273:, smaller, near-twin bridges over the
29:
483:. A through-arch, but not a tied-arch
468:: both a tied-arch and a through-arch
7:
233:in Australia, which is based on the
479:, Yorkshire, opened 1839, built in
637:"Sydney Harbour Bridge repainting"
615:. Penguin. pp. 200–201, 203.
541:under construction in-between the
520:Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge
412:Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge
25:
1098:medieval stone bridges in Germany
707:Ohio Department of Transportation
543:Widnes–Runcorn Transporter Bridge
182:, but larger bridges such as the
1236:
1235:
577:List of the largest arch bridges
404:
389:
373:
354:
338:
322:
306:
36:
257:that connects New York City to
1:
1055:Visual index to various types
644:Roads & Traffic Authority
878:Cantilever spar cable-stayed
777:. McGraw Hill Professional.
241:. Other bridges include the
736:Advanced Materials Research
1298:
1272:Bridges by structural type
202:of multiple small arches.
196:Brunel's Maidenhead bridge
1231:
1062:
35:
1166:Continuous truss bridges
1139:Lists of bridges by size
1076:Lists of bridges by type
147:through-type arch bridge
699:"Concrete Arch Bridges"
291:Hernando de Soto Bridge
190:Further issues are the
1125:List of bridge–tunnels
1069:
893:Double-beam drawbridge
611:Gordon, J.E. (1991) .
550:
547:Runcorn Railway Bridge
545:and the lattice truss
523:
504:Stanley Ferry Aqueduct
484:
477:Stanley Ferry Aqueduct
469:
466:Windsor Railway Bridge
438:
184:Old Bridge, Pontypridd
1118:vertical-lift bridges
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560:Sydney Harbour Bridge
539:Runcorn–Widnes Bridge
536:
517:
510:Construction sequence
475:
460:
432:
423:Arch rib arrangements
397:Sydney Harbour Bridge
384:, built in the 1930s.
231:Sydney Harbour Bridge
1277:Suspended structures
1262:Through arch bridges
1176:Masonry arch bridges
1156:Cable-stayed bridges
687:. November 23, 2006.
502:bridges such as the
299:Wylam Railway Bridge
1103:multi-level bridges
703:www.dot.state.oh.us
670:8 July 2011 at the
663:CulturalChina.com,
366:Newcastle upon Tyne
251:Newcastle upon Tyne
207:through arch bridge
143:through arch bridge
52:Bayonne, New Jersey
32:
31:Through arch bridge
18:Through-arch bridge
1282:Suspension bridges
1161:Cantilever bridges
1151:Suspension bridges
1093:cantilever bridges
1070:
990:Navigable aqueduct
774:Bridge Engineering
551:
524:
485:
470:
439:
382:Ahwaz White Bridge
315:Chaotianmen Bridge
295:Memphis, Tennessee
279:Pennybacker Bridge
263:Ahwaz White Bridge
243:Chaotianmen Bridge
145:, also known as a
1249:
1248:
1207:Bridge to nowhere
1108:road–rail bridges
825:-related articles
784:978-0-07-145903-7
622:978-0-14-013628-9
489:tied-arch bridges
453:Tied-arch bridges
443:Hulme Arch Bridge
368:, opened in 1928.
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16:(Redirected from
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1195:Additional lists
831:Structural types
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674:, 30 April 2009.
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582:Tied-arch bridge
464:'s wrought-iron
416:Washington, D.C.
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331:Hell Gate Bridge
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235:Hell Gate Bridge
225:Notable examples
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1202:Bridge failures
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1088:bascule bridges
1083:List of bridges
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948:Rolling bascule
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60:New York City
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56:Staten Island
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50:, connecting
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48:Kill Van Kull
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1267:Arch bridges
1171:Arch bridges
1113:toll bridges
1053:
1029:Through arch
1028:
863:Cable-stayed
773:
757:December 16,
755:. Retrieved
735:
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712:December 16,
710:. Retrieved
702:
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679:
659:
647:. Retrieved
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215:
211:wrought iron
206:
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142:
140:
973:Transporter
953:Submersible
938:Retractable
587:Moon bridge
572:Arch bridge
555:cantilevers
362:Tyne Bridge
289:and as the
247:Tyne Bridge
219:Tyne Bridge
192:foundations
180:hump-backed
159:mid-bearing
81:Pedestrians
71:Arch bridge
1256:Categories
1012:Suspension
928:Drawbridge
898:Extradosed
873:Cantilever
858:Burr Truss
848:Box girder
649:4 February
613:Structures
593:References
259:New Jersey
213:or steel.
95:Span range
1146:By length
985:Multi-way
752:109262734
500:cast iron
481:cast iron
130:Falsework
1241:Category
1005:Vlotbrug
918:Moveable
668:Archived
566:See also
496:visually
447:parallel
200:viaducts
169:Function
132:required
103:Material
85:vehicles
67:Ancestor
1216:Related
1186:Tallest
1181:Highest
1049:Viaduct
1044:Tubular
1034:Trestle
1000:Pontoon
943:Rolling
933:Folding
923:Bascule
883:Covered
175:masonry
163:tension
149:, is a
113:Movable
77:Carries
54:, with
1024:Timber
868:Canopy
823:Bridge
781:
750:
619:
462:Brunel
283:Austin
277:; the
265:; the
253:; the
151:bridge
135:Seldom
89:trains
1039:Truss
1017:types
963:Table
958:Swing
748:S2CID
640:(PDF)
487:Many
287:Texas
107:Steel
995:Pile
968:Tilt
913:Moon
888:Crib
843:Beam
838:Arch
779:ISBN
759:2015
714:2015
651:2012
617:ISBN
537:The
518:The
433:The
380:The
345:The
329:The
313:The
269:and
124:High
98:Long
42:The
908:Log
903:Jet
740:doi
414:in
293:in
281:in
249:of
237:in
157:or
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746:.
734:.
716:.
705:.
701:.
642:.
601:^
364:,
297:.
285:,
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801:v
787:.
761:.
742::
653:.
625:.
549:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
