1490:, p. 159, "How did this Yajnopavita come in? Mr. Tilak offers an explanation (in The Orion, Or, Researches Into the Antiquity of the Vedas by Bal Gangadhar Tilak dated 1893)... The word yajnopavita is derived by all native scholars from Yajna + Upavita; but there is a difference of opinion as to whether we should understand the compound to mean an upavita for yajna i.e for sacrificial purposes, or, whether it is the 'upavita of Yajnas.' The former is not incorrect, but authority is in favour of the latter. Thus the Prayoga-writers quote a smriti to the effect that 'the High Soul is termed Yajna by the hotris, this is his upavita; therefore it is yajna-upavita.' This explanation by Mr. Tilak is no doubt very interesting. But it does not help to explain some of the difficulties.".
33:
739:
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1583:. "He who gives the Vedas is called the Guru ; one who performs the Upanayana and gives the Vedas is called the Acharya ; one who tenches'a portion is au Upadhyaya, and one who performs tho sacrifices is called the Rtvik; those are entitled to respect in the order of priority ; but more than all these is the mother most entitled to respect..
3398:
379:
728:, too, underwent a step during the wedding rituals, where she would complete Upanayana, and thereafter wear her upper garment (saree) over her left shoulder. This interim symbolic Upanayana rite of passage for a girl, before her wedding, is described in multiple texts such as the Gobhila Gṛhya Sūtra (verse 2.1.19) and some Dharmasutras.
595:
890:, for example, states that Upanayana — the solemn reception of the pupil by the teacher to teach him the Veda — is joined into texts of Vedic texts at places that simply do not make any contextual sense, do not match the style, and are likely to be a corruption of the ancient texts. For example, in Satapatha Brahmana, the
1827:, p. 144, 146, The upanayana marks not the beginning of education, but of Vedic instruction. After the samskara of caula (tonsure) comes a ceremony named vidyarambha, initiation into learning, i.e. literacy. If vidyarambha was the beginning of literacy, upanayana marks the induction into sacred and redeeming lore..
809:
The
Gobhila Gṛhya Sutra (verse 1.2.1) similarly states in its discussion on Upanayana, that "the student understands the yajnopavita as a cord of threads, or a garment, or a rope of kusa grass", and it is its methods of wearing and the significance that matters. The proper manner of wearing the upper
778:
The predecessor to the sacred thread was an upper garment (such as a dupatta or an uparane). However, as traditions developed, the upper garment began to be worn continuously. The usage of a thread grew out of convenience and manageability, becoming more popular than alternatives such as a kusa rope.
801:
appears in ancient Hindu literature, and therein it means a way of wearing the upper garment during a ritual or rites of passage. The custom of wearing a string is a late development in
Hinduism, was optional in the medieval era, and the ancient Indian texts do not mention this ritual for any class
746:
The sacred thread or the yajnopavita has become one of the most important parts of contemporary
Upanayana ceremonies. There are accordingly a number of rules related to it. The thread is composed of three cotton strands of nine strands each. The strands symbolise different things in their regions.
919:
in 1991. The reliability of the Manusmṛti manuscript used since colonial times, states
Olivelle, is "far from the truth. Indeed, one of the great surprises of my editorial work has been to discover how few of the over fifty manuscripts that I collated actually follow the vulgate in key readings."
261:
means 'near'. With the prefix the full literal meaning becomes 'leading near (to)'. The initiation or rite of passage ceremony in which the sacred thread is given symbolizes the child drawn towards a school, towards education, by the guru or teacher. The student was being taken to the Gods and a
821:
The idea of wearing the upper garment or sacred thread, and its significance, extended to women. This is reflected in the traditional wearing of sari over the left shoulder, during formal occasions and the celebration of rites of passage such as Hindu weddings. It was also the norm if a girl
914:
manuscripts. He writes, "Manusmriti was the first Indian legal text introduced to the western world through the translation of Sir
William Jones in 1794". This was based on the Calcutta manuscript with the commentary of Kulluka, which has been assumed to be the reliable vulgate version, and
894:
rite of passage text appears in the middle of a dialogue about
Agnihotra; after the Upanayana verse end, sage Saukeya abruptly returns to the Agnihotra and Uddalaka. Oldenberg states that the Upanayana discussion is likely an insertion into the older text.
525:. They extend to all practical aspects of culture, such as the sculptor, the potter, the perfumer, the wheelwright, the painter, the weaver, the architect, the dancer, and the musician. The training of these began from childhood and included studies about
266:, taking (the child) near the acarya (for instruction), or alternately "introducing to studenthood". It is a ceremony in which a teacher accepts and draws a child towards knowledge and initiates the second birth that is of the young mind and spirit.
625:
rites of passage. A sacred thread was given by the teacher during the initiation to school ceremony and was a symbolic reminder to the student of his purpose at school as well as a social marker of the student as someone who was born a second time
982:
of
Hinduism. Gayatri Mantra marks as an individual's entrance to a school of Hinduism. This ceremony ends after the boy goes for his first alms round to relatives and leave for the guru's ashram. Traditionally, these boys were sent to learn in a
708:
In some regions, in modern times, some girls undergo
Upanayana rite of passage. In ancient and medieval eras, texts such as Harita Dharmasūtras, Aśvālayana Gṛhya Sutra and Yama smrṛti suggest women could begin Vedic studies after Upanayana.
797:, that "required Brāhmaṇas to wear a sacred string at all times", in the Brāhmaṇya literature (Vedic and ancient post-Vedic). Yajñopavīta, textual evidence suggests, is a medieval and modern tradition. However, the term
570:
now marked the beginning of primary education or literacy while
Upanayana went on to refer to spiritual education. The Upanayana can also take place at the student's home for those who are home-schooled. Ceremonial
902:
reviews, as well as other scholars, state that there is high likelihood of interpolation, insertion and corruption in dharma sutras and dharma sastra texts on the
Upanayana-related rite of passage.
406:
The earliest form of this saṁskāra, whose name there are no records of, may have been to mark the acceptance of a person into a particular community. Indologically, the ritual is present in the
529:, culture, reading, writing, mathematics, geometry, colours, tools, as well as traditions and trade secrets. The rites of passage during apprentice education varied in the respective guilds.
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ceremony announces that the child had entered into formal education. In the modern era, the Upanayana rite of passage is open to anyone at any age. The Upanayana follows the
550:
Upanayana became an elaborate ceremony, that includes rituals involving the family, the child and the teacher. A boy receives during this ceremony a sacred thread called the
782:
The ancient Saṁskṛta texts offer a diverse view while describing the yajñopavītam or upavita. The term upavita was originally meant to be any upper garment, as stated in
609:
In Hindu traditions, a human being is born at least twice—once at physical birth and second at intellectual birth through teacher's care. The first is marked through the
3560:
1105:
Ancient Indian texts assert that the number of the arts is unlimited, but each deploy elements of 64 kalā (कला, techniques) and 32 vidyā (विद्या, fields of knowledge)
462:
meant taking responsibility of a student, the beginning of an education, a student's initiation into "studentship" and the acceptance of the student by the teacher.
818:
method of wearing the upper garment, the latter a reverse and mirror image of former, and suggested to signify rituals for elders/ancestors (for example, funeral).
667:
and other ancient texts state that there is no age restriction and anyone of any age can undertake Upanayanam when they initiate their formal studies of the Vedas.
3198:
2925:
2628:
2839:
Zotter, Christof (2010). "Notes on the Evolution of an Initiation Ritual. The Vratabandha of the Bāhun and Chetri". In Zotter, Astrid; Zotter, Christof (eds.).
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579:. The spiritual birth would take place four days after the initial Upanayana rituals. It was then that the last ritual was performed, the Medhajanana. The
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786:(verse 2.2.4.22–2.2.4.23) or, if the wearer does not want to wear a top, a thread would suffice. The ancient Indian scholar Haradatta states, "
575:
as one of the rituals during Upanayana became important, attaining sizeable proportions. The actual initiation occurred during the recitation of the
4076:
2181:
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Scholars state that the details and restrictions in the Upanayana ceremony is likely to have been inserted into ancient texts in a more modern era.
223:
ceremony in contemporary times, however this was not always the case. Generally, this ceremony should be performed before the advent of adulthood.
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or Sāvitrī, with the teacher becoming the enabler of the connection between this goddess and the student. The meaning was extended to include
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2495:
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2198:
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2004:
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literally means "the act of leading to or near, bringing", "introduction (into any science)" or "initiation" (as elucidated by
2106:
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4250:
1314:. Via Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries. At Institute of Indology and Tamil Studies, University of Cologne, Germany. pp.
681:
The large variation in age and changes to it over time was to accommodate for the diversity in society and between families.
2934:
712:
Girls who decided to become a student underwent the Upanayana rite of passage, at the age of 8, and thereafter were called
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The literal meaning would then become "something worn on the body for the sacrifice". Accoutrements offered along with the
40:. Traditionally, this ritual was for 7, 9, and 11 year olds in South Asia, but is now practiced for all ages as seen above.
3341:
583:
or convocation ritual marked the end of the course. The Upanayana became a permanent feature around the Upaniṣad period.
4069:
3194:
3161:
Kajihara, Mieko (2016), "The Upanayana and the 'Repeated Upanayana(s)'", in Koskikallio, Petteri; Parpola, Asko (eds.),
3083:
2958:
A study of the socioreligious ceremony of Upanayana (investiture with sacred thread) in the Sutras and the Dharmasastras
2640:
1191:
4107:
3897:
978:
This Sanskara involves the participation of entire family and a teacher who then accepts the boy as a disciple in the
678:, entering schools and the formal education process, stating that the Upanayana rite of passage was open to everyone.
445:, Upanayana may have attained a permanent fixture if the life of students to be as compared to being optional before.
437:
979:
790:
means a particular mode of wearing the upper garment, and it is not necessary to have the yajñopavīta at all times".
663:(verse 1.1.1.27) places a maximum age limit of 24 for the Upanayana ceremony and start of formal education. However,
2976:
2945:
2243:... boy is invested for the first time with the sacred thread ... the three devis Sarasvati, Savitri and Gayatri ...
385:. A boy during his upanayana ritual. The thin, yellow yajnopavita thread runs from left shoulder to waist. Note the
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81:
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110:, twice born. It signifies the acquisition of the knowledge of and the start of a new and disciplined life as a
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59:
32:
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Vedic Investigations. Papers of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference held in Helsinki, Finland, 13-18 July 2003
2222:
1606:
4193:
4062:
3527:
1084:, the Christian rite of admission and adoption where the person is born again unto spiritual knowledge, as
4153:
2776:
Religious Dimensions of Child and Family Life: Reflections on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
2672:
2656:
1303:
242:
2174:
114:. According to the given community and its regional language, it is also known by numerous terms such as
4276:
4209:
4158:
2815:
783:
3023:
2908:"Yajnavalkya Smriti with Commentary of Vijnaneswara called the Mitakshara. The Achara Adhyaya Book 1".
541:
rite of passage was also important to the teacher, as the student would therefrom begin to live in the
4312:
4224:
4024:
3832:
2636:
2580:
716:. They wore a thread or upper garment over their left shoulder. Those girls who chose not to go to a
263:
810:
garment or thread, state the ancient texts, is from over the left shoulder and under the right arm.
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The education of a student was not limited to ritual and philosophical speculations found in the
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416:
411:
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texts of Hinduism and varies regionally. The sacred thread or yajñopavīta (also referred to as
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Religious Thought and Life in India: As based on the Veda and other sacred books of the Hindūs
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50:
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1650:
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903:
794:
763:. According to another tradition, each of the nine threads represents a male deity, such as
697:
508:
286:
which means to tie or bind. The munja grass is tied around the waist. This word was used by
3361:
502:. It extended to many arts and crafts, which had their own, similar rites of passages. The
4448:
4362:
4342:
4337:
4229:
4163:
4043:
3772:
3757:
3581:
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938:
521:
407:
2687:. Dr. Ambedkar Foundation. Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India.
2314:"Sanskrit Commentators and the Transmission of Texts: Haradatta on Āpastamba Dharmasūtra"
829:
The sacred Yajnopavita is known by many names (varying by region and community), such as
197:
males, ensuring his rights with responsibilities and signifying his advent into adulthood
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4168:
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104:. Some traditions consider the ceremony as a spiritual rebirth for the child or future
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4403:
4398:
4255:
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3254:
2914:. Vol. 21. Translated by Vidyarnava, Rai Bahadur Srisa Chandra. Allahabad. 1918.
2770:
2721:. Dr Radha Kumar Mukerjee Endowment Lectures No 4. 1949-50-51-52. Lucknow University.
2590:
2353:
916:
1193:
The Great Universe of Kota: Stress, Change, and Mental Disorder in an Indian Village
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4188:
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684:
580:
111:
2223:
Oldenberg & Muller, The Grihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies 1892
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3141:
3087:
2872:
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2601:
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2468:
J Sinha (2014), Psycho-Social Analysis of the Indian Mindset, Springer Academic,
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1955:
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became an intermediary samskāra following the evolution in writing and language.
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382:
3283:"Veerashaiva seers endorse lesson on Basaveshwara but with a few modifications"
17:
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4332:
3983:
3912:
3626:
3464:
3438:
3418:
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Sundareswaran, N. K. (2015). "The upanayana ritual in the Satapathabrahmana".
3037:(3): 591–561 – via Université de Lausanne serveur académique lausannois.
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688:
635:
Many medieval era texts discuss Upanayana in the context of three of the four
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390:
287:
3294:
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system of education but in modern times, this act is only done symbolically.
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482:
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386:
190:
85:
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Nearly 500 weavers who took part in making the 'kanduva' and 'jandhyam' ...
3181:
Thinking inside the Ritual Box: The Employment of sāvitrīs in the Upanayana
2193:
C Tripathi (2005), The Evolution of Ideals of Womenhood in Indian Society,
2175:
Starting Vedic Studies - Backed by scripture, girls get their sacred thread
3538:
2451:
Arun Kumbhare (2009), Women of India: Their Status Since the Vedic Times,
2406:... in Punjabi, zunnar, the sacred Yajñopavītam worn by Brahmin Hindus ...
64:
4443:
4357:
4322:
4038:
3994:
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1001:
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204:
101:
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3214:
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3797:
3777:
3745:
3740:
3730:
3656:
3636:
3631:
3621:
3616:
2966:
2732:
The Samnyasa Upanisads: Hindu Scriptures on Asceticism and Renunciation
2440:
Oldenberg, The Grihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies (1886)
1088:
marked the initiation of the student for spiritual studies such as the
1081:
1042:
1016:
984:
772:
760:
756:
748:
652:
648:
640:
572:
534:
515:
486:
471:
421:
378:
194:
186:
96:
4054:
3397:
3065:
The Meaning of the Ambedkarite Conversion to Buddhism and Other Essays
2490:
Patrick Olivelle (2004), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press,
2076:
Hartmut Scharfe (2007), Handbook of Oriental Studies, Brill Academic,
1686:
1654:
4423:
4388:
4271:
4214:
3932:
3927:
3892:
3880:
3870:
3837:
3827:
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3681:
3661:
3599:
3594:
3043:
1026:
675:
526:
442:
279:
77:
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822:
undertakes the Upanayana ceremony and begins her Vedic studies as a
1670:
594:
481:
Gradually, new layers of meaning emerged, such as the inclusion of
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37:
31:
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or rites of passage that marked the acceptance of a student by a
4281:
3907:
3847:
3812:
3782:
3722:
3696:
3686:
3666:
3611:
1960:. University of Wisconsin Press, Popular Press. pp. 51–52.
1114:
Scholars place Haradatta to 1100 CE or between 1100 and 1300 CE.
764:
537:
developed the initiation ceremony for students of Āyurveda. The
467:
185:
The Upanayanam ceremony is arguably the most important rite for
90:
4058:
3542:
3330:
2843:. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 17–44.
2107:"A Village in Bihar, where Girl wear the Sacred Thread 'Janeu'"
651:. The ceremony was typically performed at age eight among the
219:
Yonya) has become one of the most important identifiers of the
4219:
2874:
Hindu Saṁskāras: Socio-religious Study of the Hindu Sacraments
1979:
1977:
2238:
Festivals of Tamil Nadu: Volume 3 of Peeps into Tamil culture
1808:
1806:
429:
Educational courses or training has been referred to in the
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2367:
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2486:
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2155:
2153:
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1781:
1779:
1766:
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1762:
1133:
1131:
747:
For example, among Tamils, each strand is for each of the
586:
Attire includes a daṇḍa or staff and a mekhala or girdle.
3263:"Correct textbooks or face agitation, say Lingayat maths"
3183:, 11th International Indology Graduate Research Symposium
2710:. Radha Kumud Mookerji Lectures 1946. Lucknow University.
1394:
1392:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1338:
1336:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1215:
1213:
344:), used as an adjective, which is derived from the terms
2797:
The Upanayana: The Hindu Ceremonies of the Sacred Thread
2707:
Aspects of the Social and Political. System of Manusmrti
1560:
1558:
1409:
1407:
3165:, vol. 1, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 271–296,
339:
3310:"Hyderabad devotees welcome 57-feet tall Ganesh idol"
2582:
The Grihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies
2568:
The Grihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies
2978:
Indian Childhood: Cultural Ideals and Social Reality
971:, The one who wears the sacred thread are called as
724:(literally, one who marries straight). However, the
4462:
4376:
4300:
4264:
4238:
4202:
4141:
4090:
3945:
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3721:
3580:
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3483:
3447:
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2225:, p. 44, Grihya Sutra of Gobhila Verse 2.1.19.
519:genres of literature in Hinduism describe these as
2821:Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist
793:There is no mention of any rule or custom, states
100:, and an individual's initiation into a school in
2841:Hindu and Buddhist Initiations in Nepal and India
2757:Kanitkar, V. P. (Hemant); Cole, W. Owen (2010) .
2391:Death before dying: the Sufi poems of Sultan Bahu
1312:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
1163:"Dr. Shashishekhar Toshkhani: The Literary Works"
320:The sacred thread or upper garment is called the
393:twig in his right hand marks his entry into the
2040:
1983:
1607:"Is the Hindu thread ceremony same as baptism?"
2936:Social and Religious Life in the Grihya Sutras
2418:Shashi Ahluwalia, Meenakshi Ahluwalia (1992),
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1465:Upanayana Sandhyavandana And Gayatrimantrajapa
1196:. University of California Press. p. 49.
910:scholarship about the presumed reliability of
674:, however, also include the fourth varna, the
615:rite of passage; the second is marked through
80:educational sacrament, one of the traditional
4070:
3554:
3342:
751:, the supreme trinity of the Hindu goddesses
742:Bratopanayan in progress in an Odia household
294:meaning "binding to an observance". The word
203:The tradition is widely discussed in ancient
8:
2684:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings and Speeches
2210:
1149:
944:In Nepal, a ceremony is held which combines
915:translated repeatedly from Jones in 1794 to
4077:
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4055:
3561:
3547:
3539:
3349:
3335:
3327:
3125:. Sukṛtīndra Oriental Research Institute.
2924:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2627:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2388:Sultān Bāhū, Jamal J. Elias (April 1998),
1936:(Editors: Mittal and Thursby), Routledge,
1450:
1137:
1080:compares the Upanayana rite of passage to
3197:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3089:Introduction to Hindu Dharma: Illustrated
1511:
1398:
1327:
441:; Gharpure (1956) writes that during the
306:(meaning auspicious thread ceremony) and
2947:Change and continuity in Indian religion
2394:, University of California Press, 1998,
2375:
2241:, Gandhi Vidyalayam, 1980, p. 127,
2064:
2052:
2028:
1957:Rituals and Patterns in Children's Lives
1920:
1884:
1836:
1824:
1733:. Raymond Burnier. Motilal Banarsidass.
1576:
1487:
1383:
1342:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1041:—Initiation ceremonies for men/women in
1035:, the Apache Native American sacred cord
948:(tonsure, shave the head) and Upanayana
2424:, Indian Publishers' Distributors, 1992
2278:
2266:
2254:
2093:
1896:
1872:
1860:
1848:
1812:
1753:
1499:
1354:
1127:
1054:
3186:
3045:A critical study of upanayana samskara
3031:Études Asiatiques / Asiatische Studien
3000:. In Holm, Jean; Bowker, John (eds.).
2917:
2856:
2846:
2649:Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
2620:
2507:
2016:
1908:
1797:
1630:
1592:
1564:
1413:
420:, as well as a couple of times in the
245:). Upanayana is formed from the root √
36:The Upanayana ceremony in progress in
3140:Flueckiger, Joyce Burkhalter (2015).
3123:Texts and Rituals: Issues in Indology
2877:(2nd ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
700:of society to undergo the Upanayana.
7:
3116:, Sumathi Samskriti Trust, Bangalore
2779:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
2562:Oxford University Press. 1879-1910.
2299:
2161:
2113:. Biharprabha News. 10 February 2014
1785:
1770:
1655:"Traditions of the Indian Craftsman"
1523:
1366:
1219:
882:Doubts about Upanayanam in old texts
2901:Encyclopedia Of Religion And Ethics
2585:. II. Vol. xxx. Translated by
2522:"Hindu Bratabandha Ceremony, Nepal"
1235:Rituals & Practices of Hinduism
2704:Aiyangar, K.V. Rangaswami (1949).
2520:Shore, Amanda (26 February 2011).
2132:Jaisinghani, Bella (29 May 2009).
1605:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2 July 2017).
262:disciplined life. As explained by
25:
2084:, pages 102-103, 197-198, 263-276
1232:Sastry, C. V. (25 January 2022).
257:meaning 'leading to'. The prefix
4149:Arunachal Pradesh (Panchai baja)
3712:
3396:
3048:(Thesis). Mangalore University.
2765:, Hodder Education, Hachette UK.
2600:Monier-Williams, Monier (1891),
2571:. Vol. xxix. Translated by
2134:"Thread ceremony for Thane girl"
1932:Mary McGee (2007), Samskara, in
1659:The Journal of American Folklore
1428:Religious Basis of Hindu Beliefs
562:, the previous rite of passage.
302:. The ceremony is also known as
253:is a noun formed from the root √
1954:Jackson, Kathy Merlock (2005).
1703:Hinduism and the Religious Arts
1029:, the Zoroastrian sacred thread
3042:Murthy, H V Narasimha (1997).
2961:(Thesis). Gauhati University.
2773:; Cook, Philip Hilton (1996).
2665:. Nand Kishore & Brothers.
1:
4521:Objects used in Hindu worship
3215:"Basava's Spiritual Struggle"
3084:Saraswati, Chandrashekarendra
3024:"Svetaketu and the upanayana"
2903:. T&T Clark. p. 323.
2899:Hastings, James, ed. (1914).
2611:Deshpande, Kamalabai (1936).
2421:Living faiths in modern India
2173:V.L. Manjul (December 2002).
489:and vows among other things.
389:girdle around the waist. The
182:in Tamil (உபநயனம் or பூணூல்).
174:in Malayalam (ഉപനയനമ്), and
3110:Thoughts on Sandhyā Vandanam
2794:Prasad, Ram Chandra (1997).
2318:Journal of Indian Philosophy
659:, and age 12 among Vaiśyas.
2981:. Oxford University Press.
2735:. Oxford University Press.
1997:Glimpses of Indian Heritage
1260:"Yonya (Janeu Holy Thread)"
340:
154:in Assamese (লগুণ দিওনী),
76:'initiation') is a
65:
4547:
3107:Mahadevan, B (June 2014),
2911:Sacred Books Of The Hindus
2759:Hinduism - An Introduction
2662:Education In Ancient India
2614:The Child in Ancient India
2312:Olivelle, Patrick (1999).
1727:Kramrisch, Stella (1976).
1096:would not compare the two.
298:is a condensed version of
4034:
3710:
3393:
3231:10.1017/S0034412500010118
3179:Haas, Dominik A. (2019),
3146:. John Wiley & Sons.
2718:Teachings of Dharmasastra
2681:Ambedkar, B. R. (2019) .
1706:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1543:. Oxford University Press
1426:Dwivedi, Bhojraj (2014).
1190:; Kapur, Ravi L. (1976).
937:At Upanayana ceremony of
329:
278:, derived from two words
217:Pūṇūl, Muñja and Janivara
54:
4516:Hindu religious clothing
4018:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
3213:Samartha, M. P. (1977).
3193:: CS1 maint: location (
2715:Gharpure, J. R. (1956).
2670:Ambedkar, B. R. (1947).
2645:History of Dharmasastras
2558:Sacred Books of the East
2498:, pages 353-354, 356-382
2235:Arunachalam, M. (1980),
2211:Kanitkar & Cole 2010
1700:Elgood, Heather (2000).
1430:. Diamond Pocket Books.
1150:Kanitkar & Cole 2010
4169:Kerala (Kettu Kalyanam)
3528:Pumsavana Simantonayana
3316:. PTI. 25 August 2017.
2955:Barua, Bharati (1975).
2824:. Motilal Banarsidass.
2800:. Motilal Banarsidass.
2657:Altekar, Anant Sadashiv
2330:10.1023/A:1004636609126
1467:. Ramakrishna Mission.
900:History of Dharmasastra
290:. Another variation is
282:, a type of grass, and
274:A popular variation is
2975:Kakar, Sudhir (1979).
2647:. Vol. 2 Part 1.
1451:Coward & Cook 1996
1138:Coward & Cook 1996
980:Guru–shishya tradition
941:
831:Bratabandha, Janivaara
743:
670:Several texts such as
655:, at age 11 among the
606:
398:
158:in Nepali (ब्रतबन्ध),
41:
4531:Hinduism and children
3092:. World Wisdom, Inc.
3068:. Popular Prakashan.
3062:Kadam, K. N. (1997).
3004:. Pinter Publishers.
2996:Flood, Gavin (1994).
2816:Mookerji, Radha Kumud
2673:Who Were the Shudras?
2637:Kane, Pandurang Vaman
1581:Preceptors Classified
1264:www.kashmiribazaar.in
936:
784:Apastamba Dharmasūtra
741:
696:encouraged the three
661:Apastamba Gryha Sutra
597:
381:
170:in Telugu (ఉపనయనము),
142:in Konkani (मुंजी),
138:in Marathi (मुंजा),
118:in Kashmiri (मेखल),
35:
27:Hindu rite of passage
4333:Gaye holud (Bengali)
4313:Balle Mallarada Puje
4230:Sri Lanka (Buddhist)
4142:By region or culture
3207:Basava and Upanayana
3020:Bronkhorst, Johannes
2041:Monier-Williams 1891
1984:Monier-Williams 1891
1463:Harshananda, Swami.
1188:Carstairs, G. Morris
906:notes the doubts in
877:Scholarly commentary
166:in Kannada (ಉಪನಯನ),
150:in Odia (ବ୍ରତଘର),
134:in Bhojpuri (जनेव),
126:in Gujrati (જાનોઇ),
4085:South Asian wedding
2651:. pp. 268–287.
2269:, p. 276, 296.
2184:on 15 January 2021.
1502:, p. 294, 297.
1369:, pp. 268–269.
1222:, pp. 268–287.
1039:Bar and Bat Mitzvah
1023:initiation ceremony
924:Regional variations
672:Suśruta Sūtrasthāna
665:Gautama Gṛyha Sūtra
454:, and later in the
249:meaning 'to lead'.
162:in Newari (छेवार),
122:in Punjabi (ਜਨੇਓ),
3364:(rites of passage)
2950:. Mouton & Co.
2933:Apte, VM (1959) .
2587:Oldenberg, Hermann
2573:Oldenberg, Hermann
2550:(arranged by year)
2302:, p. 290-293.
2281:, p. 296-297.
2164:, p. 293-295.
2139:The Times of India
2067:, p. 270-271.
2055:, p. 174-177.
2019:, p. 111-117.
1923:, p. 178-179.
1815:, p. 266-267.
1800:, p. 119-131.
1788:, p. 288-300.
1773:, p. 268-287.
1633:, p. 115-116.
1579:, p. 71, 74,
1526:, p. 279-287.
942:
744:
687:texts such as the
607:
599:Upanayana Samskara
432:Chandogya Upaniṣad
399:
146:in Bangla (পৈতৈ),
130:in Sindhi (जन्य),
42:
4493:
4492:
4052:
4051:
3536:
3535:
3219:Religious Studies
3172:978-81-208-4030-0
3153:978-1-4051-6021-6
3143:Everyday Hinduism
3132:978-93-83846-05-4
3099:978-1-933316-48-2
3075:978-81-7154-810-1
3011:978-0-567-31072-9
2988:978-0-19-561199-1
2944:Gonda, J (1965).
2831:978-81-208-0423-4
2807:978-81-208-1240-6
2786:978-1-55058-104-1
2742:978-0-19-536137-7
2727:Olivelle, Patrick
2694:978-93-5109-178-3
2676:. Thacker and Co.
2606:, J. Murray, 1891
2551:
2526:inTravel Magazine
2401:978-0-520-21242-8
1967:978-0-299-20830-1
1740:978-81-208-0223-0
1713:978-0-8264-9865-6
1651:Kramrisch, Stella
1474:978-81-7823-453-3
1245:978-93-93029-12-6
1203:978-0-520-03024-4
1094:Devdutt Pattanaik
952:locally known as
888:Hermann Oldenberg
639:(caste, class) —
505:Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
483:goddess Sarasvatī
438:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
362:may include be a
338:
75:
63:
16:(Redirected from
4538:
4526:Rites of passage
4079:
4072:
4065:
4056:
3716:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3540:
3400:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3320:
3298:
3278:
3258:
3202:
3192:
3184:
3175:
3157:
3136:
3117:
3115:
3103:
3079:
3057:
3038:
3028:
3015:
3002:Rites of Passage
2992:
2970:
2951:
2940:
2929:
2923:
2915:
2904:
2888:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2835:
2811:
2790:
2766:
2746:
2722:
2711:
2698:
2677:
2666:
2652:
2641:"VII. Upanayana"
2632:
2626:
2618:
2607:
2594:
2576:
2549:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2517:
2511:
2510:, p. 23-24.
2505:
2499:
2488:
2477:
2466:
2460:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2358:
2357:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2191:
2185:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2144:
2143:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
1995:Raman Varadara,
1993:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1951:
1945:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1730:The Hindu Temple
1724:
1718:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1665:(281): 224–230.
1647:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1541:Oxford Reference
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1318:(print edition).
1301:
1292:
1286:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1167:www.ikashmir.net
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1075:
1069:
1059:
904:Patrick Olivelle
795:Patrick Olivelle
704:Gender and women
554:to be worn. The
466:could include a
350:(sacrifice) and
343:
333:
331:
70:
68:
58:
56:
21:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4511:Brahmin culture
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4458:
4449:Wedding mandapa
4372:
4363:Shakunamanojaya
4343:Mangala Ashtaka
4338:Kankana Dharane
4296:
4260:
4234:
4198:
4154:Bengal (Muslim)
4137:
4086:
4083:
4053:
4048:
4044:Hindu mythology
4030:
3941:
3859:
3717:
3708:
3576:
3567:
3537:
3532:
3511:
3495:
3479:
3443:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3365:
3355:
3324:
3308:
3289:. 6 June 2022.
3281:
3261:
3212:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3160:
3154:
3139:
3133:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3082:
3076:
3061:
3058:via Shodhganga.
3041:
3026:
3018:
3012:
2995:
2989:
2974:
2971:via Shodhganga.
2954:
2943:
2939:. Popular Book.
2932:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2895:
2893:Further reading
2885:
2869:Pandey, Rajbali
2867:
2855:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2814:
2808:
2793:
2787:
2769:
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2714:
2703:
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2669:
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2635:
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2610:
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2579:
2565:
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2514:
2506:
2502:
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2463:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2429:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2378:, p. 9-10.
2374:
2361:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2192:
2188:
2179:Hinduism Today.
2172:
2168:
2160:
2147:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1944:, pages 332–356
1934:The Hindu World
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1867:
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1322:
1304:Monier-Williams
1302:
1295:
1287:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1238:. Zorba Books.
1231:
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1218:
1211:
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1104:
1100:
1076:
1072:
1060:
1056:
1051:
993:
931:
926:
884:
879:
814:contrasts with
736:
706:
632:, twice born).
601:in progress in
592:
404:
376:
318:
292:vratabandha(na)
272:
243:Monier-Williams
236:
229:
28:
23:
22:
18:Thread ceremony
15:
12:
11:
5:
4544:
4542:
4534:
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4365:
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4318:Vadhu Pravesha
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4292:Stealing shoes
4289:
4284:
4279:
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4212:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4184:Sikkim (Limbu)
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4159:Bengal (Hindu)
4156:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
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3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3516:Related topics
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3387:Sīmantonnayana
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3279:
3259:
3225:(3): 335–347.
3209:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3176:
3171:
3158:
3152:
3137:
3131:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3080:
3074:
3059:
3039:
3016:
3010:
2993:
2987:
2972:
2952:
2941:
2930:
2905:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:978-8120803961
2883:
2865:
2836:
2830:
2812:
2806:
2791:
2785:
2771:Coward, Harold
2767:
2763:Teach Yourself
2754:
2752:978-0195070453
2741:
2723:
2712:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2667:
2653:
2633:
2608:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2577:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2512:
2500:
2496:978-0195171464
2478:
2474:978-8132218036
2461:
2457:978-1440156007
2444:
2442:, p. 7-8.
2427:
2410:
2400:
2380:
2359:
2304:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2257:, p. 298.
2247:
2227:
2215:
2213:, p. 217.
2203:
2199:978-8178354255
2186:
2166:
2145:
2124:
2098:
2096:, p. 273.
2086:
2082:978-9004125568
2069:
2057:
2045:
2043:, p. 360.
2033:
2031:, p. 174.
2021:
2009:
2005:978-8171547586
1988:
1973:
1966:
1946:
1942:978-0415772273
1925:
1913:
1911:, p. 123.
1901:
1899:, p. 287.
1889:
1877:
1875:, p. 281.
1865:
1863:, p. 278.
1853:
1851:, p. 280.
1841:
1829:
1817:
1802:
1790:
1775:
1758:
1756:, p. 290.
1746:
1739:
1719:
1712:
1692:
1671:10.2307/538558
1635:
1623:
1597:
1595:, p. 112.
1585:
1569:
1567:, p. 115.
1554:
1528:
1516:
1514:, p. 161.
1512:Deshpande 1936
1504:
1492:
1480:
1473:
1455:
1443:
1436:
1418:
1403:
1399:Deshpande 1936
1388:
1371:
1359:
1357:, p. 275.
1347:
1332:
1330:, p. 159.
1328:Deshpande 1936
1320:
1293:
1291:, p. 158.
1276:
1251:
1244:
1224:
1209:
1202:
1179:
1154:
1142:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1078:Rajbali Pandey
1070:
1063:Uddālaka Āruṇi
1053:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
992:
989:
930:
927:
925:
922:
883:
880:
878:
875:
735:
730:
705:
702:
591:
588:
577:Gāyatrī Mantra
403:
400:
397:stage of life.
375:
372:
366:(staff) and a
317:
312:
304:punal kalyanam
276:Mauñjibandhana
271:
268:
235:
230:
228:
225:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4543:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4455:
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4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:Mangala sutra
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Dahej (dowry)
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:India (Hindu)
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4080:
4075:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4009:Bhagavad Gita
4006:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:Other deities
3862:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3570:Hindu deities
3564:
3559:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3315:
3314:The Asian Age
3311:
3307:
3306:
3303:News articles
3302:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3112:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2998:"3. Hinduism"
2994:
2990:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2376:Olivelle 1992
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:Mookerji 2003
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:Mookerji 2003
2049:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2029:Mookerji 2003
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:Mookerji 2003
1917:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1887:, p. 75.
1886:
1885:Gharpure 1956
1881:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1839:, p. 79.
1838:
1837:Gharpure 1956
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:Aiyangar 1949
1821:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:Gharpure 1956
1573:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:Ambedkar 1947
1484:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1453:, p. 71.
1452:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1437:9789351650928
1433:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1416:, p. 17.
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1386:, p. 70.
1385:
1384:Gharpure 1956
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1345:, p. 71.
1344:
1343:Gharpure 1956
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:Ambedkar 1947
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1140:, p. 67.
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:The story of
1058:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
990:
988:
986:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
935:
928:
923:
921:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:Kane, in his
896:
893:
889:
881:
876:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
819:
817:
813:
807:
805:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
780:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
740:
734:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
703:
701:
699:
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690:
686:
682:
679:
677:
673:
668:
666:
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658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
630:
624:
623:
618:
614:
613:
604:
600:
596:
590:Age and varna
589:
587:
584:
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:
522:Śilpa Śāstras
518:
517:
512:
510:
506:
501:
500:
495:
490:
488:
484:
479:
478:, and ṛtvik.
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Sutras period
453:
452:
446:
444:
440:
439:
434:
433:
427:
425:
424:
419:
418:
417:Dharmaśāstras
413:
409:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
342:
336:
327:
323:
316:
313:
311:
309:
305:
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285:
281:
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269:
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226:
224:
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206:
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196:
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177:
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157:
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149:
145:
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137:
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125:
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117:
113:
109:
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103:
99:
98:
93:
92:
87:
83:
79:
73:
67:
61:
52:
48:
47:
39:
34:
30:
19:
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4438:
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4282:Mahr (dower)
4189:Tamil (Iyer)
4023:
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4000:
3993:
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3852:
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2525:
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2447:
2420:
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2390:
2383:
2321:
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2307:
2279:Altekar 1944
2274:
2267:Altekar 1944
2262:
2255:Altekar 1944
2250:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2189:
2178:
2169:
2137:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2110:
2101:
2094:Altekar 1944
2089:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1996:
1991:
1956:
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1933:
1928:
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1897:Altekar 1944
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1868:
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1856:
1849:Altekar 1944
1844:
1832:
1820:
1813:Altekar 1944
1793:
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1749:
1729:
1722:
1702:
1695:
1662:
1658:
1626:
1614:. Retrieved
1610:
1600:
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1580:
1572:
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1540:
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1500:Altekar 1944
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1483:
1464:
1458:
1446:
1427:
1421:
1401:, p. 9.
1362:
1355:Altekar 1944
1350:
1323:
1311:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1234:
1227:
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1182:
1170:. Retrieved
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1157:
1152:, p. 4.
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1085:
1073:
1057:
977:
967:= bond). In
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824:Brahmavadinī
823:
820:
815:
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788:yajñopavītam
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781:
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717:
714:Brahmavadinī
713:
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683:
680:
671:
669:
664:
660:
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627:
620:
616:
610:
608:
598:
585:
581:Samavartanam
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564:Vidyārambhaṃ
560:Vidyārambhaṃ
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549:
542:
538:
520:
514:
503:
497:
493:
491:
480:
459:
449:
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443:Smṛti period
436:
430:
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422:
415:
412:Dharmasūtras
405:
395:Brahmacharya
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
345:
341:yajñopavītam
321:
319:
314:
308:Brahmopadeśa
307:
303:
300:yagyopaveeta
299:
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283:
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273:
258:
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127:
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119:
115:
112:brahmāchārya
105:
95:
89:
88:, such as a
45:
44:
43:
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4475:Photography
4251:Inter-caste
4220:Nepal (Ihi)
4133:Zoroastrian
4091:By religion
4002:Mahabharata
3913:Kuladevatas
3692:Vishvakarma
3475:Samāvartana
3455:Vidyārambha
3448:Educational
3429:Annaprāśana
3377:Garbhādhāna
2967:10603/67755
2857:|work=
2591:Müller, Max
2544:Works cited
2508:Zotter 2010
2117:10 February
2017:Pandey 2013
1909:Pandey 2013
1798:Prasad 1997
1631:Pandey 2013
1593:Pandey 2013
1565:Pandey 2013
1537:"upanayana"
1414:Zotter 2010
1021:Zoroastrian
963:= promise,
954:Bratabandha
946:choodakarma
859:Yajnopavita
816:Pracinavīta
812:yajñopavīta
799:yajnopavita
733:Yajnopavita
622:Vidyārambha
603:West Bengal
556:yajnopavita
552:yajnopavita
458:, the word
451:Atharvaveda
435:and in the
408:Gṛhyasūtras
391:peepal tree
387:muñja grass
383:South India
374:Description
360:yajnopavita
330:यज्ञोपवीतम्
322:yajñopavīta
315:Yajnopavita
168:upanayanamu
156:bratabandha
152:logun dioni
4500:Categories
4265:Traditions
4210:Bangladesh
4203:By country
3984:Upanishads
3903:Gandharvas
3627:Dattatreya
3465:Vedārāmbha
3439:Karṇavedha
3434:Cūḍākaraṇa
3424:Niṣkramaṇa
3419:Nāmakaraṇa
3414:Jātakarman
2324:(6): 570.
1269:7 February
1172:7 February
1122:References
1033:Izze-kloth
908:postmodern
863:Yagyopavit
726:Sadyovadhu
722:Sadyovadhu
693:Gṛhyasūtra
689:Baudhāyana
617:Upanayanam
612:Jatakarman
547:(school).
464:Preceptors
402:Background
370:(girdle).
270:Variations
176:upanayanam
172:upanayanam
148:brataghara
4506:Samskaras
4439:Upanayana
4404:Nose ring
4368:Upanayana
4353:Saptapadi
4348:Parikrama
4323:Bou Bhaat
4308:Kanyadana
4108:Christian
3923:Rakshasas
3793:Mahavidya
3736:Saraswati
3723:Goddesses
3652:Kartikeya
3460:Upanayana
3407:Childhood
3382:Puṁsavana
3370:Pre-natal
3362:Saṃskāras
3295:0971-751X
3287:The Hindu
3275:0971-751X
3267:The Hindu
3255:170976283
3239:0034-4125
2920:cite book
2859:ignored (
2849:cite book
2623:cite book
2459:, page 56
2354:189820541
2338:0022-1791
2300:Kane 1941
2201:, page 94
2162:Kane 1941
2007:, page 51
1786:Kane 1941
1771:Kane 1941
1679:0021-8715
1524:Kane 1941
1367:Kane 1941
1308:upanayana
1220:Kane 1941
1086:Upanayana
1067:Śvetaketu
1049:Footnotes
1012:Tagadhari
973:Tagadhari
912:Manusmṛti
892:Upanayana
804:Upanayana
753:Sarasvatī
657:Kṣatriyas
653:Brāhmaṇas
645:Kṣatriyas
641:Brāhmaṇas
539:Upanayana
499:Upaniṣads
476:upādhyāya
460:Upanayana
335:romanized
239:Upanayana
233:Upanayana
227:Etymology
221:Upanayana
164:upanayana
86:preceptor
82:saṃskāras
66:upanayana
60:romanized
46:Upanayana
4485:Websites
4444:Varamala
4358:Satphere
4246:Arranged
4225:Pakistan
4103:Buddhist
4039:Hinduism
3995:Ramayana
3937:Yakshini
3843:Shashthi
3803:Matrikas
3788:Mahadevi
3590:Trimurti
3523:Nishekam
3507:Antyeṣṭi
3484:Marriage
3269:. 2022.
3247:20005425
3189:citation
3086:(2008).
3022:(1996).
2871:(2013).
2818:(2003).
2729:(1992).
2659:(1944).
2639:(1941).
2617:. Poona.
2476:, page 5
2346:23496389
2182:Archived
1653:(1958).
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1002:Upakarma
991:See also
985:gurukula
965:bandhana
958:Sanskrit
950:saṃskāra
839:Jandhyam
718:gurukula
605:, India.
544:gurukula
496:and the
487:Vedāngas
423:Saṃhitās
326:Sanskrit
284:bandhana
213:Jandhyam
205:Samskṛta
191:Kṣatriya
187:Brāhmaṇa
102:Hinduism
51:Sanskrit
4389:Bangles
4301:Rituals
4179:Punjabi
4118:Islamic
3989:Puranas
3977:Atharva
3946:Texts (
3933:Yakshas
3928:Vahanas
3898:Dikpāla
3871:Apsaras
3823:Rukmini
3798:Matangi
3746:Parvati
3741:Lakshmi
3731:Tridevi
3657:Krishna
3637:Hanuman
3632:Ganesha
3622:Chandra
3617:Ashvins
3470:Keśānta
2593:. 1892.
2575:. 1886.
1616:14 June
1611:Devdutt
1547:22 June
1082:Baptism
1043:Judaism
1017:Navjote
939:Nepalis
917:Doniger
802:or for
773:Chandra
761:Pārvatī
749:Tridevī
649:Vaiśyas
535:Charaka
531:Suśruta
516:Purāṇas
472:ācharya
448:In the
368:mekhala
352:upavīta
337::
264:PV Kane
180:poonool
97:acharya
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4424:Sindur
4272:Baraat
4194:Telugu
4164:Hajong
4123:Jewish
4098:Bahá'í
3893:Devata
3886:Danava
3881:Daitya
3876:Asuras
3838:Shakti
3828:Sanjna
3818:Rohini
3778:Shachi
3763:Chhaya
3682:Varuna
3672:Shasta
3662:Kubera
3600:Vishnu
3595:Brahma
3491:Vivāha
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1200:
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835:Jaanva
771:, and
759:, and
757:Lakṣmī
698:Varṇas
676:Śūdras
637:varnas
573:bhikṣa
527:dharma
509:Āgamas
354:(worn)
251:Nayana
195:Vaiśya
193:, and
160:chewar
124:jaanoi
116:mekhal
4480:Songs
4463:Other
4434:Topor
4429:Tiara
4419:Sehra
4414:Pheta
4409:Palki
4394:Henna
4377:Items
4328:Gauna
4287:Nikah
4239:Types
4113:Hindu
3972:Yajur
3957:Vedas
3808:Radha
3773:Ganga
3768:Durga
3758:Bhumi
3753:Aditi
3677:Surya
3642:Indra
3605:Shiva
3574:texts
3359:Hindu
3251:S2CID
3243:JSTOR
3114:(PDF)
3027:(PDF)
2350:S2CID
2342:JSTOR
1683:JSTOR
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843:Poita
769:Bhaga
629:dvija
494:Vedas
364:daṇḍa
347:yajña
296:janeu
280:muñja
209:Janeu
144:poite
140:munji
136:munja
132:janev
128:janya
120:janeo
107:dvija
78:Hindu
55:उपनयन
38:Nepal
4470:Card
4384:Alta
4256:Love
4174:Odia
4128:Sikh
4025:more
3967:Sama
3948:list
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3854:more
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