763:"To-day we should, after all, be learning to see, how at bottom nothing is to be accomplished except by treating things on a big scale, as I might say." (...) o long as we cannot find a sufficient number of people with the courage at last to say, 'A new day will have to come, with new people! There must be a clean sweep of everything to do with these horrible old parties; something quite new must come to life!’ — Until we can do this, all discussion as to the most effective ways of propaganda is so much talk for the cat! We are not living to-day in an age when anything whatever can be done by little measures. We are living in an age when it is an urgent necessity, a sufficiently large number of people, holding the same language and the same ideas (values), should be capable of throwing themselves actively into the thing (action), — not merely being 'quite enthusiastic' about it."
779:, pp. 132–133: "The conquest of political power was necessary, but if it was to be enduring, he said, it had to be supported 'by the knowledge and insight of the actual majority of the population.' Without a change of consciousness, a longer-term transformation would not be possible. With this rejection of coups and revolutionary violence, and with the commitment to democracy—a commitment completely in line with the threefolding idea—the question was of course raised anew as to how to achieve political power in democratic fashion. An answer is not present in the conversation transcripts—a problem still to be revisited. In place of an answer came an appeal : 'A question of will must be raised and not merely a theoretical question such as: How do we get the majority? I say: We
750:"Where the old conditions still exist, these can be taken as the basis from which to work towards the new separation of functions. Where the old order has already melted away or is in process of dissolution, individuals and small groups of people must find the initiative to start reconstructing along new lines of growth. To try in twenty-four hours to bring about a transformation in public life is recognized by thoughtful socialists themselves as midsummer madness. They look to gradual, opportune changes to bring about what they regard as social welfare."
300:. Steiner was concerned rather that businesses should not be able to buy favorable laws and regulations, and that governments should regulate the economy and protections for workers impartially and not be corrupted by participating in business. "A sphere of life calls forth interests arising only within that sphere. Out of the economic sphere one can develop only economic interests. If one is called out of this sphere to produce legal judgements as well, then these will merely be economic interests in disguise.". Social threefolding aims to foster:
796:"No circumstances of party, no schemes of party, have any share in what comes before the world today as the impulse for the Threefold Social Order. Nothing has any share in this impulse, save what can be acquired in the course of a life spent in learning to know the needs, the demands, the conditions and circumstances of all the many human beings living side by side in the various classes. When a practical way of life is then sketched out today on premises such as these, then one is told this practical way of life is a 'Utopia,' an 'ideology!'"
404:, Steiner spoke increasingly often of the dangerous tensions inherent in the contemporary societal structures and political entanglements. He suggested a collapse of traditional social forms was imminent, and every aspect of society would soon have to be built up consciously rather than relying on the inheritance of past traditions and institutions. After the war, he saw a unique opportunity to establish a healthy social and political constitution and began lecturing throughout post-war
1224:. He argues that education, like other cultural activities, should no longer be administered by or under the authority of the State, and should be based on pedagogical freedom for teachers, as well as for the families who will choose freely among teachers and schools. With regard to independence from economic power, he writes, for example on page 92 of his main sociological work,
619:
the economic process of buying and selling. Steiner said, "In the old days, there were slaves. The entire man was sold as commodity... Today, capitalism is the power through which still a remnant of the human being—his labor power—is stamped with the character of a commodity." Yet
Steiner held that the solution that state socialism gives to this problem only makes it worse.
393:
328:, Steiner first proposed what he often called the "threefoldment of the social organism." Then in 1919, during the German Revolution following the end of the war, Steiner was asked by several colleagues to lead and did lead a public campaign for threefold social ideas. In 1922, he gave a series of lectures on economics from the threefoldment perspective.
38:
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from the economy to the State. Those two changes would keep State and economy apart more than could absolute economic competition in which economic special interests corrupt the State and make it too often resemble a mere appendage of the economy. In
Steiner's view, the latter corruption leads in turn to a pendulum swing in the opposite direction
457:, the non-profit corporation that has developed third-party standards by which thousands of businesses have become socially responsible in a way that is independently verified. RSF Social Finance also played a major role in the creation of a steward-ownership structure for one of the largest independent organic produce distributors in the U.S.
648:, though in different ways, tend to absorb the State and human rights into the economic process and transform laws into mere commodities. Steiner rejected state socialism because of that, but also because he believed it reduces the vitality of the economic process. Yet Steiner disagrees with the kind of
703:
For
Steiner, separation of the cultural sphere from the political and economic spheres meant education should be available to all children regardless of the ability of families to pay for it and, from kindergarten through high school, should be provided for by private and|or state scholarships that a
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People and businesses should be prevented from buying politicians and laws. A politician shouldn't be able to parlay his political position into riches earned by doing favors for businessmen. Slavery is unjust, because it takes something political, a person's inalienable rights, and absorbs them into
511:
Steiner suggested the three would only become mutually corrective and function together in a healthy way when each was granted sufficient independence. Steiner argued that increased autonomy for the three spheres would not eliminate their mutual influence, but would cause that influence to be exerted
694:
serve as an unhealthy form of forced donation which artificially redirect businesses' profits. Since taxes are controlled by the state, cultural initiatives supported by taxes readily fall under government control, rather than retaining their independence. Steiner believed in educational freedom and
686:
A central idea in social threefolding is that the economic sphere should donate funds to support cultural and educational institutions that are independent of the State. As businesses become profitable through the exercise of creativity and inspiration, and a society's culture is a key source of its
338:
Instead, Steiner sought to create conditions whereby people themselves could act creatively within the economy (through what he called associations, as well as through what today is sometimes called steward-owned business and stakeholder capitalism), within politics (through more participatory forms
331:
Steiner suggested the cooperative independence of these three societal realms could be achieved both through relatively gradual, small-scale changes in individual enterprises, as well as by relatively rapid medium- and large-scale changes in whole economic regions or even in whole societies. Steiner
660:
economic life, in a society where there is freedom of speech, of culture, and of religion, will 1) make State intervention in the economy less necessary or called for, and 2) will tend to permit economic interests of a broader, more public-spirited sort to play a greater role in relations extending
652:
view that holds that the State and the economy are kept apart when there is absolute economic competition. According to
Steiner's view, under absolute competition, the most dominant economic forces tend to corrupt and take over the State, in that respect merging State and economy. Second, the State
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in a decentralized, freely contractual, economic life outside the state and operating within the legal and regulatory boundaries, including labor laws, set by the democratic state. Economic "cooperation," for
Steiner, did not mean state socialism, but cooperative types of capitalism, such as are
411:
After the failure of this political initiative, Steiner ceased lecturing on the subject, except for a series of economics lectures given in 1922. The impulse continued to be active in other ways, however, in particular through economic initiatives intended to provide support for non-governmental
342:
Steiner described how the three spheres had been growing independent over thousands of years, evolving from ancient theocracies which governed all aspects of society; then, gradually separating out the purely political and legal life (beginning in
Ancient Greece and Rome); then again, the purely
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Steiner held that State and economy, given increased separateness through a self-organizing and voluntarily more cooperative economic life, can increasingly check, balance, and correct each other for the sake of continual human progress. In
Steiner's view, the place of the State, vis-a-vis the
606:
The fact that places of worship do not make the ability to enter and participate depend on the ability to pay, and that libraries and some museums are open to all free of charge, is in tune with
Steiner's notion of a separation between cultural and economic life. Efforts to protect scientific
371:
Many concrete reform proposals to advance a "threefold social order" at various scales have been advanced since 1919. Some intentionally cooperative businesses and organizations, mostly in Europe, have attempted to realize a balance between the three spheres, given existing local structures.
558:
According to
Steiner, those three values, each one applied to its proper social realm, would tend to keep the cultural, economic, and political realms from merging unjustly, and allow these realms and their respective values to check, balance and correct one another. The result would be a
722:
A number of reform movements whose leaders and members may never have heard of social threefolding or Rudolf
Steiner still unintentionally advance one or another of its three aspects, for example movements seeking to 1) reduce the influence of money in politics by increasing governmental
665:
government forces, sometimes with the best of intentions, seek to turn the economy increasingly into a mere appendage of the State. State and economy thus merge through an endless iteration of pendulum swings from one to the other, increasingly becoming corrupt appendages of each other.
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family could direct to the school of its choice. Steiner was a supporter of educational freedom, but was flexible, and understood that a few legal restrictions on schools (such as health and safety laws), provided they were kept to an absolute minimum, would be necessary and justified.
367:
suggests governments frequently fail when they begin to give "discretionary, particularly preferential privileges to competitive industry ." The goal is for this independence to arise in such a way these three realms mutually balance each other, providing healthy cultural equilibrium.
835:"The most significant aspect of the rising forces of our more recent times is humanity can no longer remain stuck on mere instinctive will impulses. That's simply out of the nature of development it must prepare the form of the social structure out of a (deliberate) conscious will."
607:
research results from commercial manipulation are also in tune with the idea. In a similar spirit, Steiner held that all families, not just those with the economic means, should have freedom of choice in education and access to independent, non-government schools for their children.
512:
in a more healthy and legitimate manner, because the increased separation would prevent any one of the three spheres from dominating the others, as they had frequently done in the past. Among the various kinds of macrosocial imbalance Steiner observed, there were three major types:
678:. Steiner emphasized that none of these proposals would be successful unless the cultural sphere of society maintained and increased its own freedom and autonomy vis-a-vis economic and State power. Nothing would work without spiritual, cultural, and educational freedom.
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transparency, 2) develop cooperative and socially responsible forms of capitalism and 3) make it possible for all families, including poor ones, to have educational freedom and the right to choose among independent, non-government schools for their children .
339:
of direct democracy), and within culture (through the autonomy of teachers and other cultural workers). "All ideal programs are to be dismissed, all prescriptions are to be dismissed, everything is placed into the immediate impulse of the individual ability."
653:
tends to fight back counter-productively under such circumstances by increasingly taking over the economy and merging with it, in a mostly doomed attempt to ameliorate the sense of injustice that emerges when special economic interests take over the State.
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choice, and one of his ideals was that the economic sector might eventually create scholarship funds that would permit all families to choose freely from (and set up) a wide variety of independent, non-government schools for their children.
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and cultural life. Concerning children, Steiner held that all families, not just those with economic means, should be enabled to choose among a wide variety of independent, non-government schools from kindergarten through high school.
408:, often to large audiences, about his social ideas. These were taken up by a number of prominent cultural and political leaders of the time, but did not succeed in affecting the reconstitution of Germany taking place at the time.
296:. The idea is that when economy, culture, and polity are relatively independent of one another, they check, balance, and correct one another and thus lead to greater social health and progress. This is not to be confused with
926:
According to Bart Houlahan, co-founder of B Lab, which has been central to the national drive for legislation permitting the creation of B-corporations, "RSF has been a pioneer in B Lab's work from day one." See
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everything relating to the spiritual and intellectual department of life should be detached from the political or equity state, and the spiritual organization should be independently administered in freedom.
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creativity and inspiration, returning a portion of the profits made by business to independent cultural initiatives can act as a kind of seed money to stimulate further creative growth.
346:
Steiner saw this trend as evolving towards greater independence of the three spheres in modern times. However now this evolution must be taken up with conscious intention by society.
449:
all were later founded to provide loans (and sometimes grants) to socially relevant and ethically responsible initiatives. Steiner himself saw the continuation of this impulse in the
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education, from which all spiritual and cultural life emerges and develops, must be administered by the educators, without any interference from political or economic quarters
1613:
1234:" i.e., not just those children whose parents happen to have sufficient economic power to afford decent schooling. In the same book, on pages 3–4, he writes that "
1719:
460:
According to Cees Leijenhorst, "Steiner outlined his vision of a new political and social philosophy that avoids the two extremes of capitalism and socialism."
86:, "With rare exceptions, external links should not be used in the body of an article." Any external links within explanatory footnotes need to be converted to
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Preparata, Guido Giacomo (Fall 2006). Perishable money in a threefold commonwealth: Rudolf Steiner and the social economics of an anarchist Utopia.
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deserve special mention in this regard. Another application has been the creation of various socially responsible banks and foundations.
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to own the economy or run it, but to regulate/deregulate it, enforce laws, and protect human rights as determined by the state's open
332:
insisted that large-scale changes could only be implemented if accepted by the will of the majority in society, i.e., democratically.
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1968:
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The Threefolding Movement, 1919, A History: Rudolf Steiner's Campaign for a Self-Governing, Self-Managing, Self-Educating Society
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1513:
719:, in 2009 announced candidacy for the presidency of the Philippines. Perlas has written extensively about social threefolding.
364:
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Steiner outlined his vision of a new political and social philosophy that avoids the two extremes of capitalism and socialism.
471:'s government) and Ettore Martinoli have openly expressed their sympathy for Rudolf Steiner. Most from the occult pro-fascist
2352:
2128:
949:"Organically Grown Company Pioneers Groundbreaking Ownership Structure to Maintain Mission & Independence in Perpetuity"
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for all the activities in the cultural sphere – education, science, art, religion – they must be independent of state and
1197:"...there is no reason why the free spirit in man should defer to any stereotyped pattern in the interest of the state; it
531:
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Theocracy, in which the cultural sphere (in the form of a religious impulse) dominates the economic and political spheres.
519:
State Communism and state socialism, in which the state (political sphere) dominates the economic and cultural spheres.
53:
253:
1038:
Peter Staudenmaier (2012). "Anthroposophy in Fascist Italy". In Arthur Versluis; Lee Irwin; Melinda Phillips (eds.).
463:
Steiner did influence Italian Fascism, which exploited "his racial and anti-democratic dogma." The fascist ministers
83:
962:
Leijenhorst, Cees (2005). Hanegraaff, Wouter J.; Faivre, Antoine; van den Broek, Roelof; Brach, Jean-Pierre (eds.).
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is not to be limited by the condition that only those shall receive education who can command economic resources,
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Unregulated and socially irresponsible capitalism allows economic interests to dominate politics and culture; and
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https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2011/03/16/corporate-responsibility-nonprofit-b-lab-shows-strong-growth/
59:
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Steiner held it socially destructive when one of the three spheres tries to dominate the others. For example:
170:
1576:"Perishable Money in a Threefold Commonwealth: Rudolf Steiner and the Social Economics of an Anarchist Utopia"
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2347:
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1618:(From The Basic Ideas of Rudolf Steiner on the Threefold Social Order). Anthroposophic Press, New York, 1920
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Traditional forms of capitalism, in which the economic sphere dominates the cultural and political spheres.
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Steiner rejected all ideology, characterizing it as a restriction and imposition on what lives in people.
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1973:
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1004:"'Gustavo Who?' — Notes Towards the Life and Times of Gustavo Rol; Putative Mage and Cosmic 'Drainpipe'"
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And therefore we must work to get it. It must be a question of will. Otherwise it won't happen.'"
453:, the first of which also opened in 1919. RSF Social Finance has also played a role in support of
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should not be able to control culture; i.e., how people think, learn, or worship. A particular
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1455:: fourteen lectures given in Dornach, 24 July-6 August 1922', Rudolf Steiner Press, 1972,
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The Social Mission of Waldorf Education: Independent, Privately Funded, Accessible to All
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2013:
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Between Occultism and Nazism: Anthroposophy and the Politics of Race in the Fascist Era
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1099:"L'Esoterismo Italiano degli anni Venti: il Gruppo di Ur, tra Magia e Super Fascismo"
284:. Of central importance is a distinction made between three spheres of society – the
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2008:
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467:(nicknamed "the Anthroposophist duke"; he became antifascist after taking part in
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forms of capitalism, or what today is sometimes called steward ownership and
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sometimes referred to today as steward ownership and stakeholder capitalism.
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359:
State socialism means political agendas dominate culture and economic life.
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937:
http://www.bcorporation.net/what-are-b-corps/the-non-profit-behind-b-corps
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By contrast, Steiner held that uncoerced, freely self-organizing forms of
353:"Theocracy" occurs when a cultural impulse dominates economy and politics;
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Social Issues Section at the Rudolf Steiner Archive, an online e.Library
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incorporated significant aspects of social threefolding in his work on
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Shaping Globalization: Civil Society, Cultural Power and Threefolding
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Solving Burning Conflicts through the Separation of Culture and State
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in cultural life (education, science, art, religion, and the press),
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in cultural life (art, science, religion, education, the media), and
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837:"The Social Will as the Basis Towards a New, Scientific Procedure."
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1589:
Functional Threefoldness in the Human Organism & Human Society
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Rudolf Steiner and Social Reform: Threefolding and Other Proposals
1402:
The Barefoot guide to working with organisations and social change
454:
391:
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Transforming Society, a distance-learning course on threefolding
1554:
Common Wealth: For a free, equal, mutual and sustainable society
1547:
Free, Equal, and Mutual: Rebalancing Society for the Common Good
1701:
809:
Steiner, Rudolf (1921) "The Central Question of Economic Life"
582:
should not control the levers of the State. Steiner held that
60:
explanatory footnotes that need to be separated from citations
31:
1678:
The Whole Social, articles on current events and threefolding
1534:
Associative Economics: Spiritual Activity for the Common Good
1660:
Social Impulses – Initiative Network Threefolding, Stuttgart
1452:
World Economy: The Formation of a Science of World-Economics
280:
which originated in the early 20th century from the work of
343:
economic life (beginning with the Industrial Revolution).
1443:
Toward Social Renewal: Basic Issues of the Social Question
1227:
Toward Social Renewal: Basic Issues of the Social Question
507:, including science, education, arts, religion, and media.
1309:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 49-51.
1122:
Esoterismo e fascismo: storia, interpretazioni, documenti
1118:"L'Antroposofia e il suo rapporto con il Regime Fascista"
765:
The Threefold Order of the Body Social – Study Series II
1683:
Owen Barfield Literary Estate, articles on threefolding
1483:
Three Lectures by Rudolf Steiner on Social Threefolding
1042:. Minneapolis, MN: New Cultures Press. pp. 83–84.
798:
The Threefold Order of the Body Social – Study Series I
1664:
1369:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 60.
1357:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 93.
1345:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 50.
1333:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 76.
1297:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 88.
1282:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 80.
1270:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 46.
1232:
children shall have the right to receive an education,
909:, pp. 117–120. (German edition: Rowohlt Verlag, 1990,
741:, Rudolf Steiner, Anthroposophic Press, 1985, page 26.
1650:
Social Science Section at the Goetheanum, Switzerland
1321:, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1999, page 69
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698:
708:
Politicians working out of a threefold social vision
2269:
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2137:
1776:
1735:
1192:
A few of many possible examples from Steiner's work
929:
http://rsfsocialfinance.org/2012/09/b-lab-movement/
1242:, Rudolf Steiner Press; 4th edition (April 2000),
1124:(in Italian). Edizioni mediterranee. p. 83.
965:Dictionary of Gnosis & Western Esotericism: I
699:Education's relation to the state and the economy
635:capitalism, because he thought that conventional
1608:A Curious Conversation about Social Threefolding
1502:Freeing the Circling Stars: Pre-Funded Education
1155:, Rudolf Steiner Press, 4th edition, April 2000.
1006:. In Pilkington, Mark; Sutcliffe, Jamie (eds.).
599:Separation between the economy and cultural life
483:Steiner distinguished three realms of society:
867:Rudolf Steiner and Anthroposophy for Beginners
563:Separation between the state and cultural life
84:WP:External links#Important points to remember
1713:
1446:, Steiner's central book on social questions.
1405:. South Africa: Barefoot Collective. p.
1378:Drs. A. H. Bos; Dr. D. BrĂĽll; Mr A.C. Henny,
787:Albert Schmelzer, Rudolf Steiner Press, 2017.
254:
8:
1165:
1163:
1161:
611:Separation between the state and the economy
547:of rights, democracy, in political life, and
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
825:. New Economy Publications. pp. 10–22.
1720:
1706:
1698:
775:Albert Schmelzer, in his doctoral thesis,
534:, to the three social spheres as follows:
261:
247:
128:
1655:Institute for Social Threefolding, Berlin
1069:. Aries Book Series. Brill. p. 271.
861:
859:
670:self-organizing, cooperative economy, is
412:cultural organizations. Banks, such as:
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1216:, Steiner repeatedly says society needs
1212:" In his main work on social questions,
869:, Writers and Readers Publishing, 2001,
445:RSF Social Finance in the United States,
899:Rudolf Steiner: A documentary biography
731:
226:
183:
147:
140:
320:in a freely contractual economic life.
1581:Review of Radical Political Economics
1549:(a 2018 anthology by various authors)
1540:The Living Three-ness of Social Life,
1171:Review of Radical Political Economics
7:
1665:Centre for Associative Economics, UK
2277:Anthroposophical Society in America
1097:de Turris, Gianfranco (June 1987).
1040:Esotericism, Religion, and Politics
559:society-wide separation of powers.
1584:38/4 (Fall 2006). pp. 619–648
1528:Steinerian Economics: A Compendium
1380:Maatschappijstructuren in beweging
1208:. In the same lecture, he says, "
1120:. In De Turris, Gianfranco (ed.).
739:The Renewal of the Social Organism
465:Giovanni Antonio Colonna di Cesarò
25:
2282:Associação Comunitária Monte Azul
1202:" – from Lecture V of Steiner's,
396:Threefolding poster. 30 June 1919
2292:General Anthroposophical Society
1738:General Anthroposophical Society
785:The Threefolding Movement, 1919,
184:Anthroposophically inspired work
36:
1105:. II (in Italian). No. 16.
777:The Threefolding Movement, 1919
365:Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter
2129:Willem Zeylmans van Emmichoven
1597:(published in English in 2017)
1472:, Anthroposophic Press, 1972,
1008:Strange Attractor Journal Five
1:
2270:Institutions and publications
1736:Founding board members of the
532:Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
1063:Staudenmaier, Peter (2014).
682:Economic support for culture
58:references that are in fact
1526:Gary Lamb and Sarah Hearn,
1506:Christopher Houghton Budd,
1500:Christopher Houghton Budd,
1494:Christopher Houghton Budd,
1382:, Vrij Geestesleven, 1973,
901:, Henry Goulden Ltd, 1975,
56:. The specific problem is:
2374:
2114:Botho Sigwart zu Eulenburg
1969:Valborg Werbeck-Svärdström
1010:. MIT Press. p. 194.
823:Threefold the Social Order
382:organizational development
52:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
1627:The Liberation of Capital
1570:Guido Giacomo Preparata (
1542:Epigraph Publishing, 2023
1116:Beraldo, Michele (2006).
623:Cooperative economic life
363:A more specific example:
1755:Marie Steiner-von Sivers
1508:Finance at the Threshold
1496:The Right-On Corporation
821:Steiner, Rudolf (1996).
171:Anthroposophical Society
2256:The Christian Community
2231:Anthroposophic medicine
1435:Works by Rudolf Steiner
968:. Brill. p. 1090.
852:. G. Bell. p. 341.
848:Salter, Arthur (1933).
479:Three realms of society
475:were Anthroposophists.
298:laissez-faire economics
219:The Christian Community
202:Anthroposophic medicine
82:. Additionally, as per
2251:Threefold social order
2236:Biodynamic agriculture
2079:Liane Collot d'Herbois
1974:Wilhelm Ernst Barkhoff
1672:Articles and Resources
1633:The Liberation of Work
1615:Threefold Social Order
1545:Martin Large, editor,
752:Threefold Social Order
717:Right Livelihood Award
397:
305:equality and democracy
197:Biodynamic agriculture
18:Threefold social order
2353:Sociological theories
2287:Demeter International
2074:George Adams Kaufmann
1889:Walter Johannes Stein
1859:Walter Burley Griffin
1854:John Fentress Gardner
1367:Toward Social Renewal
1355:Toward Social Renewal
1343:Toward Social Renewal
1331:Toward Social Renewal
1319:Toward Social Renewal
1307:Toward Social Renewal
1295:Toward Social Renewal
1280:Toward Social Renewal
1268:Toward Social Renewal
1240:Toward Social Renewal
1214:Toward Social Renewal
1153:Toward Social Renewal
505:cultural institutions
418:GLS Gemeinschaftsbank
395:
1999:Michael Henry Wilson
1844:Daniel Nicol Dunlop
1824:Sergei O. Prokofieff
1612:Guenther Wachsmuth,
1399:Mason, Andy (2009).
1002:Hill, Chris (2023).
690:In this view, taxes
526:Steiner related the
420:(Community Bank) in
400:Prior to the end of
324:In 1917, during the
99:improve this article
2224:Cultural influences
2210:Millicent Mackenzie
1964:Marguerite Lundgren
1869:Robert A. McDermott
1799:Ehrenfried Pfeiffer
897:Johannes Hemleben,
590:were the ideal for
274:Social threefolding
235:Social threefolding
2138:Notable supporters
1924:Hermann Poppelbaum
1899:Herbert Witzenmann
1849:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
1839:Aasmund Brynildsen
1814:Bernard Lievegoed
1593:Albert Schmelzer,
676:democratic process
627:Steiner advocated
398:
388:Historical origins
307:in political life,
2330:
2329:
2261:Waldorf education
2241:Camphill Movement
2215:Margaret McMillan
2205:Jacques Lusseyran
2195:Ibrahim Abouleish
2180:Albert Schweitzer
2170:Wassily Kandinsky
2165:Russell Davenport
2039:Arild Rosenkrantz
2034:Bertram Keightley
1904:Massimo Scaligero
1764:Gunther Wachsmuth
1558:Richard Masters,
1468:The Social Future
1465:Rudolf Steiner,
1449:Rudolf Steiner,
1440:Rudolf Steiner,
1256:978-1-85584-072-0
1205:The Social Future
1151:Steiner, Rudolf,
1131:978-88-272-1831-0
1076:978-90-04-27015-2
1017:978-1-907222-52-8
975:978-90-04-14187-2
528:French Revolution
378:Bernard Lievegoed
271:
270:
207:Camphill Movement
192:Waldorf education
127:
126:
119:
54:quality standards
45:This article may
16:(Redirected from
2365:
2358:Social movements
2185:Andrei Tarkovsky
2064:Violetta Plincke
2024:Margaret Bennell
1879:Douglas M. Sloan
1777:Anthroposophists
1760:Elisabeth Vreede
1722:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1631:Folkert Wilken,
1621:Folkert Wilken (
1602:After Capitalism
1600:Michael Spence,
1587:Johannes Rohen,
1564:Nicanor Perlas,
1470:(lecture series)
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1804:Theodor Schwenk
1794:Georg KĂĽhlewind
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1606:Edward Udell,
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2009:Fried Geuter
1984:Jakob Streit
1949:Thomas Weihs
1939:Herbert Hahn
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