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140:. The organization's first official disaster relief operation was its response to the Michigan "Thumb Fire" of 1881. The Red Cross provided money, clothes and household items. The fire caused more than 14,000 people to be dependent on public aid. It also destroyed over 2,000 barns, dwellings, and schools.
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counties. The damage estimate was $ 2,347,000 in 1881, equivalent to $ 74,100,455 when adjusted for inflation. The fire sent enough soot and ash up into the atmosphere that sunlight was partially obscured at many locations on the
100:, this period was the driest registered up to 1969. There were forest fires beginning in mid-August, and on August 31, a fire started in northern Lapeer County. It destroyed several buildings in
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were suffering huge losses from forest fires, so they developed the
Northern Forest and Protection Association to manage forest fires in Michigan; it was superseded by the
35:. The fire, which burned over a million acres (4,000 km) in less than a day, was the consequence of drought, hurricane-force winds, heat, the after-effects of the
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cities, the sky appeared yellow and projected a strange luminosity onto buildings and vegetation. Twilight appeared at 12 noon. September 6, 1881, became known as
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to protect their houses and barns, but they were no match for the raging fires. In 1917, Michigan purchased its first tractor for firefighting.
124:. The fire continued to spread through Tuesday and Wednesday, September 6 and 7, consuming most of Huron, Tuscola, Sanilac and Lapeer counties.
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August and the first days of
September 1881 were hotter than usual, and the Thumb had had a rain deficit since April; in
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Nesbit, Joanne. “Michigan
History Series”. U-M News and Information Services.Aug. 29, 1996. Oct. 10, 2007 <E-mail:
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Nesbit, Joanne. “Michigan
History Series”. U-M News and Information Services.Aug. 29, 1996. Oct. 10, 2007 <E-mail:
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335:“Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross”. American Red Cross Museum. Oct. 12, 2007 <
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and timber patrols, in order to discover fires soon after their start. The early settlers used
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Climatic
Conditions Preceding Historical Great Fires in the North Central Region.
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North
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Chart of the Burnt
District of Michigan – Map of Thumb Fire Impact
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in nearby
Sanilac County. On Monday, September 5, the town of
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because of the ominous nature of this atmospheric event.
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http://www.redcross.org/museum/history/ClaraBarton.asp
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After the fires of 1881, people started to organize
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342:Haines, Donald A., & Sando, Rodney W., 1969:
39:, and the ecological damage wrought by the era's
223:"The Great Fire of 1881: How the Thumb survived"
304:Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross
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864:1881 natural disasters in the United States
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16:1881 wildfire in Michigan, United States
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43:techniques. The blaze, also called the
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23:took place on September 5, 1881, in
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814:1880s fires in the United States
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74:East Coast of the United States
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279:Haines & Sando 1969, p. 6
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182:List of Michigan wildfires
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375:Wildland Fire In Michigan
49:Great Forest Fire of 1881
859:Tuscola County, Michigan
854:Sanilac County, Michigan
652:The Combustion Institute
152:plans. By the 1900s the
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355:Sodders, Betty (1997).
318:Sodders, Betty (1997).
306:. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
288:Moore, Charles (1915).
55:, killed 282 people in
37:Port Huron Fire of 1871
874:19th-century wildfires
839:Huron County, Michigan
829:1881 natural disasters
494:Spontaneous combustion
261:at CelebrateBoston.com
869:September 1881 events
809:Wildfires in Michigan
844:Port Huron, Michigan
359:. Thunder Bay Press.
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291:History of Michigan
227:Huron Daily Tribune
203:Great Hinckley Fire
197:Great Michigan Fire
158:U.S. Forest Service
377:. Wayback Version.
192:Great Chicago Fire
162:Ford Motor Company
138:American Red Cross
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231:. Retrieved
229:. 2003-09-22
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150:firefighting
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134:Clara Barton
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114:Huron County
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790:43.8; -83.0
788: /
715:Fire making
631:Terra preta
605:Firefighter
479:Flash point
474:Fire piston
106:Deckerville
78:New England
824:1881 fires
803:Categories
756:Wiktionary
695:Fire whirl
593:Pyromanias
551:By country
503:Components
459:Combustion
259:Yellow Day
233:2018-10-17
209:References
166:firetowers
128:Relief aid
118:Huron City
98:Thornville
86:Yellow Day
53:Huron Fire
21:Thumb Fire
700:Blue lava
690:Firestorm
680:Backdraft
668:Wildfires
621:Cremation
489:Pyrolysis
25:the Thumb
734:Category
176:See also
132:In 1881
102:Sandusky
51:and the
29:Michigan
27:area of
776:83°00′W
773:43°48′N
745:Commons
614:Culture
556:By year
546:By type
447:Science
420:History
330:Sources
199:of 1871
110:Bad Axe
92:History
65:Tuscola
57:Sanilac
41:logging
31:in the
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586:People
515:Oxygen
61:Lapeer
47:, the
661:Other
598:Child
572:Arson
565:Crime
530:Smoke
525:Flame
112:, in
76:. In
69:Huron
520:Heat
510:Fuel
412:Fire
352:>
339:>
249:>
120:and
104:and
67:and
19:The
705:Ash
84:or
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311:^
225:.
63:,
59:,
404:e
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