2361:
728:
1278:
2277:. If users extend the PCI Express bus (the most common high-speed expansion bus in systems as of 2018) with Thunderbolt, it allows very low-level access to the computer. An attacker could physically attach a malicious device, which, through its direct and unimpeded access to system memory and other devices, would be able to bypass almost all security measures of the operating system, allowing the attacker to read and write system memory, potentially exposing encryption keys or installing
1046:, not USB. As the system was described, Intel's solution to the display connection problem became clear: Thunderbolt controllers multiplex data from existing DP systems with data from the PCIe port into a single cable. Older displays that using DP 1.1a or earlier must be located at the end of a Thunderbolt device chain, but native displays can be anywhere along the line. Thunderbolt devices can go anywhere on the chain. In that respect, Thunderbolt shares a relationship with the older
736:
929: ... and piggyback on USB 3.0 or 4.0 DC power." Light Peak aimed to make great strides in consumer-ready optical technology, by then having achieved " for 7,000 insertions, which matches or exceeds other PC connections ... cables in multiple knots to make sure it didn't break and the loss is acceptable," and, "You can almost get two people pulling on it at once and it won't break the fibre." They predicted that "Light Peak cables will be no more expensive than HDMI."
748:
1836:
2469:
conditioning circuitry. Interestingly, Apple are currently the only company that offers a 3 m (9.8 ft) copper cable, whilst other companies maximum length of copper cables are 2 m (6.6 ft). Optical
Thunderbolt 4 cables were targeting lengths from ~5 m (16 ft) to 50 m (160 ft), although this may not happen, instead jumping to Thunderbolt 5 optical cables, sometime after the arrival of that standard in late 2024.
896:, Intel demonstrated a laptop with a Light Peak connector, indicating that the technology had shrunk enough to fit inside such a device, and had the laptop send two simultaneous HD video streams down the connection, indicating that at least some fraction of the software/firmware stacks and protocols were functional. At the same demonstration, Intel officials said they expected hardware manufacturing to begin around the end of 2010.
988:. Just over a year later, in September 2020, Corning released their optical Thunderbolt 3 cables in lengths of 5 m (20 ft), 10 m (30 ft), 15 m (50 ft), 25 m (80 ft), and 50 m (160 ft). In the meantime, Taiwanese company Areca released optical Thunderbolt 3 cables in April 2020 in lengths of 10 m (30 ft), 20 m (70 ft), and 30 m (100 ft).
9825:
8864:
1032:'s Brooke Crothers said it was rumored that the early-2011, MacBook Pro update would include some sort of new data port, and he speculated it would be Light Peak (Thunderbolt). At the time, there were no details on the physical implementation, and mock-ups appeared showing a system similar to the earlier Intel demos using a combined USB/Light Peak port. Shortly before the release of the new machines, the
1635:
backwards compatibility. This means multiple rival devices may use different brandings to accomplish the same task. USB4 PCIe devices can be backwards compatible with
Thunderbolt 1–3 but this is not required. USB4 PCIe Mode is not an Alternate Mode like DisplayPort Alternate Mode, and Microsoft requires devices with USB4 to include PCIe support currently, in order to be WHQL/Windows certified PCs.
1286:
2342:. They allow a malicious party to access all data stored in a computer, even if the device is locked, password-protected, and has an encrypted hard drive. These vulnerabilities affect all Thunderbolt 1, 2 and 3 ports. The attack requries the computer to be in sleep mode and have a Thunderbolt controller with a writable fireware chip. A well-trained attacker with physical access to the computer ("
712:
1728:'s (USB-IF) USB4 2.0 specification. It provides symmetric bandwidth of 80 Gbit/s, e.g. for mass-storage devices, double that of Thunderbolt 4, and unidirectional bandwidth of 120 Gbit/s for displays (three times that of Thunderbolt 3 and 4), supporting dual 8K displays at 60 Hz. The minimum required bandwidth remains unchanged from Thunder bolt 4: 32 Gbit/s for PCIe link.
1849:
720:
47:
2346:") can perform the required steps in 5 minutes. With a malicious firmware, the attacker can covertly disable Thunderbolt security, clone device identities, and proceed to use DMA to extract data. Thunderspy vulnerabilities can largely be mitigated using Kernel DMA Protection, along with traditional anti-intrusion hardware features.
2286:
malicious device could take advantage of complex interactions between multiple emulated peripherals, exposing subtle bugs and vulnerabilities. Some motherboard and UEFI implementations offer Kernel DMA Protection. Intel VT-d-based direct memory access (DMA) protection is a mandatory requirement for
Thunderbolt 4 Host Certification.
2394:. In the third quarter of 2012, other manufacturers started shipping Thunderbolt cables, including cables reaching the 3 metres (9.8 feet) length limit, while some storage-enclosure builders began bundling Thunderbolt cables with their devices, rather than making customers buy them separately, as had been standard practice.
970:
protocol and the 20 Gbit/s
Thunderbolt 2 protocol, and thus are able to work with all self-powered Thunderbolt devices (unlike copper cables, optical cables cannot provide power). The cables extend the current 30 m (100 ft) maximum length offered by copper to a maximum of 60 m (200 ft).
1547:(DSC). That would be 51.84 Gbit/s, impossible for Thunderbolt 3, but it works because the two 3008×3384 10bpc 60 Hz 648.91 MHz signals of the XDR display only require 38.9 Gbit/s total and Thunderbolt does not transmit the DisplayPort stuffing symbols used to fill the HBR3 bandwidth.
1808:
CPU and Titan Ridge add-in card working by modifying the firmware, indicating that the lack of
Thunderbolt support on non-Intel systems is not due to any hardware limitations. As of May 2019, it is possible to have Thunderbolt 3 support on AMD using add-in cards without any problems, and motherboards
1144:
The
DisplayPort standard is partially compatible with Thunderbolt, as the two share Apple's physically compatible MDP connector. The Target Display mode on iMacs requires a Thunderbolt cable to accept a video-in signal from another Thunderbolt-capable computer. A DP monitor must be the last (or only)
771:
A single Mini
DisplayPort monitor or other device of any kind may be connected directly or at the very end of the chain. Thunderbolt is interoperable with DP-1.1a compatible devices. When connected to a DP-compatible device, the Thunderbolt port can provide a native DisplayPort signal with four lanes
991:
Copper versions of
Thunderbolt 4 cables offer full 40 Gbit/s speed and support backward compatibility with all versions of USB (up to USB4), DisplayPort Alternate Mode (DP 1.4 HBR3), and Thunderbolt 3. Released in early 2021, they were also to be available in three specified lengths: 0.2 m
1682:
at 60 Hz losslessly due to new UHBR 10, 13.5, and 20 signaling standards (DSC 1.2 used in
DisplayPort 1.4 for that resolution is not lossless) in 8 bit and 8K 60 Hz with 10 bit color and use up to 80 Gbit/s (effective bandwidth 77.37 Gbit/s), which is double the amount available
2322:
Some systems load Option ROMs during firmware updates, allowing the malware in a
Thunderbolt device's Option ROM to potentially overwrite the SPI flash ROM containing the system's boot firmware. In February 2015, Apple issued a Security Update to Mac OS X to eliminate the vulnerability of loading
1310:
Gbit/s; video data will be using all needed speed, limiting PCIe data. DP 1.2 support is mandatory, while DP 1.4 is optional. Other overheads are possible on PCIe data (1.5% of 128b/130b is also removed) and Thunderbolt 3 protocol (you either optimise for speed or for latency), the last one gives
969:
released the first range of optical Thunderbolt cables available in the Western marketplace, along with optical USB 3.0 cables, both under the brand name "Optical Cables". Half the diameter and a fifth the mass of comparable copper Thunderbolt cables, they work with the 10 Gbit/s Thunderbolt
949:
would run "tens of meters" but would not supply power, at least not initially. The version from Corning contains four 80/125 μm VSDN (Very Short Distance Network) fibers to transport an infrared signal up to 190 m (600 ft). The conversion of electrical signal to optical is embedded
884:
card, with two optical buses powering four ports. Jason Ziller, head of Intel's Optical I/O Program Office showed the internal components of the technology under a microscope and the sending of data through an oscilloscope. The technology was described as having an initial speed of 10 Gbit/s
1634:
USB4 makes the PCIe aspects of Thunderbolt "open source" – PCIe USB devices can be released without Thunderbolt certification. But notably, those devices will not be allowed to use Thunderbolt branding. However, Thunderbolt 4 devices use PCIe Mode with added certification labeling, and promoting
1180:
announced that the next version of Thunderbolt, based on the controller code-named "Falcon Ridge" (running at 20 Gbit/s), is officially named "Thunderbolt 2" and entered production in 2013. The data-rate of 20 Gbit/s is made possible by joining the two existing 10 Gbit/s-channels,
2053:
The late 2013 Retina MacBook Pro was the first product to have Thunderbolt 2 ports, following which manufacturers started to update their model offerings to those featuring the newer, faster, 20 Gbit/s connection throughout 2014. Again, among the first was Promise Technology, who released
1539:
On 8 January 2018, Intel announced a product refresh (codenamed Titan Ridge) with "enhanced robustness" and support for DisplayPort 1.4. Intel offers a single port (JHL7340) and double port (JHL7540) version of this host controller and a peripheral controller supporting two Thunderbolt 3 ports
1246:
At the physical level, the bandwidth of Thunderbolt 1 and Thunderbolt 2 are identical, and Thunderbolt 1 cabling is thus compatible with Thunderbolt 2 interfaces. At the logical level, Thunderbolt 2 enables channel aggregation, whereby the two previously separate 10 Gbit/s channels can be
772:
of output data at no more than 5.4 Gbit/s per Thunderbolt lane. When connected to a Thunderbolt device, the per-lane data rate becomes 10 Gbit/s and the four Thunderbolt lanes are configured as two duplex lanes, each 10 Gbit/s comprising one lane of input and one lane of output.
2285:
virtualization, if present, and configured by the BIOS and the operating system, can close a computer's vulnerability to DMA attacks, but only if the IOMMU can block the DMA access of malicious device. As of 2019, the major OS vendors had not taken into account the variety of ways in which a
1820:
Asus currently supports Thunderbolt 3 on AMD with the add-in card Thunderboltex 3-TR, being compatible with AMD motherboards and Ryzen 3, 5 (56xx): ROG Strix B550-E Gaming, ROG Strix B550-F Gaming, Prime B550-PLUS, TUF Gaming B550-Plus. The ASUS ProArt B550-Creator has 2 Thunderbolt 4 ports.
1014:
A single Thunderbolt 3 or later port provides data transfer, support for two 4K 60 Hz displays, and quick notebook charging up to 100W with a single cable. Any Thunderbolt or USB dock can connect to a Thunderbolt 3 computer. USB devices can be connected to a Thunderbolt 3 or later port.
2468:
lengths: 0.2 m (0.66 ft), 0.8 m (2.6 ft), and 2 m (6.6 ft) – with many companies initially offering 0.8 m (2.6 ft) lengths. Copper Thunderbolt 4 cables up to 1 m (3.3 ft) are passive cables, while longer cables must integrate active signal
938:
that initial Thunderbolt implementations would be based on copper wires. "The copper came out very good, surprisingly better than what we thought," he said. A major advantage of copper is the ability to carry power. The final Thunderbolt standard specifies 10 W DC on every port.
1305:
for maximum performance for cable lengths over 0.5 meters (1.5 feet). Compared to Thunderbolt 2, it doubles the bandwidth to 40 Gbit/s (5 GB/s). It allows up to 4 lanes of PCI Express 3.0 (32.4 Gbit/s) for general-purpose data transfer, and 4 lanes of DisplayPort 1.4 HBR3
759:
one or more individual data lanes from connected PCIe and DisplayPort devices for transmission via two duplex Thunderbolt lanes, then de-multiplex them for use by PCIe and DisplayPort devices on the other end. A single Thunderbolt port supports up to six Thunderbolt devices via hubs or
2152:
Although Thunderbolt initially had poor hardware support outside of Apple devices, and had been relegated to a niche gadget port, adoption of Thunderbolt 3, which uses the USB-C connector standard, meant wider market acceptance, especially as it later became part of the USB4 standard.
1643:
Thunderbolt 4 was announced at CES 2020 and the final specification was released in July 2020. The key differences between Thunderbolt 4 and Thunderbolt 3 are a minimum bandwidth requirement of 32 Gbit/s for PCIe link, support for dual 4K displays (DisplayPort 1.4), and
924:
In 2009, Intel officials said the company was "working on bundling the optical fiber with copper wire so Light Peak can be used to power devices plugged into the PC." In 2010, Intel said the original intent was "to have one single connector technology" that would let "electrical
1925:(who manufacture much of the world's supply of hard-drives) resulting in a cut to worldwide hard-drive production and a subsequent driving-up of storage costs, hence the retail price of these Promise units increased in response, contributing to a slower take-up of the devices.
1164:
line of notebook computers that had a "Power Media Dock" that uses optical Thunderbolt (Light Peak) to connect to an external graphics card using a combination port that behaves like USB electrically, but that also includes the optical interconnect required for Thunderbolt.
2314:
from attached devices. A malicious Option ROM can allow malware to execute before an operating system is started. It can then invade the kernel, log keystrokes, or steal encryption keys. The ease of connecting Thunderbolt devices to portable computers makes them ideal for
2301:
implementation runs on the underlying Thunderbolt low-latency packet-switching fabric, and the PCI Express protocol is not present on the cable. That means that if IPoTB networking is used between a group of computers, there is no threat of such DMA attack between them.
1578:
compatible with Thunderbolt 3, and is backwards compatible with USB 3.2 and USB 2.0. The architecture defines a method to share a single high-speed link with multiple end device types dynamically that best serves the transfer of data by type and application.
2408:
In Thunderbolt 3’s introduction, Intel announced passive USB-C cables would connect Thunderbolt devices at speeds greater than USB 3.1 (though less than active Thunderbolt cables), thereby eliminating the adoption barrier of Thunderbolt active cable costs.
1343:, allowing the ports to source or sink up to 100 watts of power. This eliminates the need for a separate power supply from some devices. Thunderbolt 3 allows backwards compatibility with the first two versions by the use of adapters or transitional cables.
957:
in January 2013. It is available in lengths of 10 m (30 ft), 20 m (70 ft), and 30 m (100 ft). However, those cables are retailed almost exclusively in Japan, and the price is 20 to 30 times that of copper Thunderbolt cables.
1326:
at 60 Hz (or a single external 4K display at 120 Hz, or a 5K display at 60 Hz when using Apple's implementation for the late-2016 MacBook Pros) instead of just the single display previous controllers can drive. The new controller supports
1002:
Optical Thunderbolt 4 cables were targeting lengths from ~5 m (16 ft) to 50 m (160 ft), although this may not happen, instead jumping to Thunderbolt 5 optical cables, sometime after the arrival of that standard in late 2024.
3070:
40 Gbit/s speed, USB4 compliant (peripheral only), with 4x Thunderbolt 4 ports for branching hub topology. Tunnelling of DP1.4, USB 3 (10 Gbit/s), PCIe (32 Gbit/s). Has PCIe 3.0 x1 and USB 3 (10 Gbit/s) native interfaces.
1788:
standard to OEMs and chip manufacturers in 2018, as part of an effort to boost the adoption of the protocol. The Thunderbolt 3 specification was later released to the USB-IF on 4 March 2019, making it royalty-free, to be used to form
1152:
in the second quarter of 2011, while manufacturers of hardware-development equipment have indicated they will add support for the testing and development of Thunderbolt devices. The developer kit is being provided only on request.
961:
German company DeLock also released optical Thunderbolt cables in lengths of 10 m (30 ft), 20 m (70 ft), and 30 m (100 ft) in 2013, priced similarly to the Sumitomo ones, and retailed only in Germany.
1261:
support, which allows for video streaming to a single 4K video monitor or dual QHD monitors. Thunderbolt 2 is backwards compatible, which means that all Thunderbolt cables and connectors are compatible with Thunderbolt 1.
630:
This is the pinout for both sides of the connector, source side and sink side. The cable is actually a crossover cable. It swaps all receive and transmit lanes; e.g. HS1TX(P) of the source is connected to HS1RX(P) of the
3321:
1136:
The Thunderbolt port on the new Macs is in the same location relative to other ports and maintains the same physical dimensions and pinout as the prior MDP connector. The main visible difference on Thunderbolt-equipped
1670:
The maximum bandwidth remains at 40 Gbit/s, the same as Thunderbolt 3 and four times as fast as USB 3.2 Gen 2x1. Supporting products began arriving in late 2020 and included Tiger Lake mobile processors for
1667:. Those hubs are backwards compatible with Thunderbolt 3 devices and can be backwards compatible with Thunderbolt 3 hosts (Titan Ridge only; with Alpine Ridge the additional downstream ports get downgraded to USB 3).
1928:
It also took some time for other storage manufacturers to release products: most were smaller devices aimed at the professional market, and focused on speed rather than high capacity. Many storage devices were under
798:
cabling developed by Intel partners and at Intel's Silicon Photonics lab. It was initially marketed under the name Light Peak, and after 2011 as Silicon Photonics Link. However, it was discovered that conventional
5163:
1816:
In January 2020 Intel certified ASRock X570 Phantom Gaming ITX/TB3 and now vendors are freely allowed to produce Thunderbolt controller silicon (even though those ASRock motherboards used Intel Titan Ridge).
4957:
3443:
1986:
Backwards compatibility with non-Thunderbolt-equipped computers was a problem, as most storage devices featured only two Thunderbolt ports, for daisy-chaining up to six devices from each one. In mid-2012,
5459:
2464:
speed and backward compatibility with all versions of USB (up to USB4), DisplayPort Alternate Mode (DP 1.4 HBR3), and Thunderbolt 3. Released in early 2021, they are also all to be available in three
995:
Copper Thunderbolt 4 cables up to 1.0 m (3.3 ft) are passive cables, while longer cables must integrate active signal conditioning circuitry. 2 m (6.6 ft) maximum is the length of
7641:
1339:
resolutions at 60 Hz). Thunderbolt 3 has up to 15 watts of power delivery on copper cables and no power delivery capability on optical cables. Using USB-C on copper cables, it can incorporate
9755:
977:'s Thunderbolt 3 (USB-C) to Thunderbolt 2 adapters on each end of the cable. This achieves connections up to the 60 m (200 ft) maximum offered by previous versions of the standard.
7095:
6400:
5986:
1683:
to USB data, because (just as previously in DisplayPort 1.4) it sends almost all the data in one direction (to the monitor) and can thus use all four data lanes at once. Resolutions up to
1053:
Apple states that up to six daisy-chained peripherals are supported per Thunderbolt port, and that the display should come at the end of the chain, if it does not support daisy chaining.
4900:
5439:
7727:
1021:
Thunderbolt 4 supports Thunderbolt 3 devices, but not earlier versions. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 devices can be used with most, but not all, Thunderbolt 3 PCs with the use of an adapter.
7596:
6987:
5386:
3329:
1936:
Other companies have offered interface products that can route multiple older, usually slower, connections through a single Thunderbolt port. In July 2011, Apple released its
1901:
The first Thunderbolt peripheral devices appeared in retail stores only in late 2011, following Apple's release of its first Thunderbolt-equipped computer in early 2011 with
1311:
only 21.6 Gbit/s to 25 Gbit/s. Thunderbolt 3 uses 64b/66b encoding after that, which means the real rate is bigger than 40 Gbit/s, 2 times 20.625 Gbit/s.
885:
over plastic optical cables, and promising a final speed of 100 Gbit/s. At the show, Intel said Light Peak-equipped systems would begin to appear in 2010, and posted a
1269:'s Z87-Deluxe/Quad motherboard, announced on 19 August 2013, and the first system released with Thunderbolt 2 was Apple's late 2013 Retina MacBook Pro, on 22 October 2013.
999:
available from most brands, including CalDigit, Cable Matters, et al., while Apple are currently the only company that offers a 3 m (9.8 ft) active copper cable.
6606:
1793:. Intel says it will retain control over certification of all Thunderbolt 3 devices. Intel also states it employs "mandatory certification for all Thunderbolt products".
3497:
5861:
830:. Certain MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, Mac mini and iMac models downgrade Thunderbolt 4 protocol to Thunderbolt 3 due to not supporting dual 4K displays over Thunderbolt.
7571:
6316:
1800:
chipsets or computers with Thunderbolt support released or announced due to the certification requirements (Intel did not certify non-Intel platforms). However, the
9851:
7662:
4380:
3721:
950:
into the cable itself, so the current MDP connector is forward compatible. Eventually, Intel hopes for a purely optical transceiver assembly embedded in the PC.
9457:
6966:
1738:
Two times the total bandwidth of Thunderbolt 4 to 80 Gbit/s, while providing up to three times the bandwidth to 120 Gbit/s for video-intensive uses
7070:
6714:
6170:
9288:
7645:
5221:
3749:
9886:
8304:
7970:
7934:
7824:
4406:
822:, but later transferred the mark to Intel, which held overriding intellectual-property rights. Thunderbolt was commercially introduced on Apple's 2011
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8832:
8012:
4326:
5188:
4446:
2062:
unit, offering up to 32 TBs of storage. Later, other brands similarly introduced high capacity models with the newer connection type, including
8461:
1866:
3360:
2282:
9790:
9765:
9620:
8324:
7404:
5280:
973:
Before 2020, there were no optical Thunderbolt 3 cables on the market. However, optical Thunderbolt 1 and 2 cables could be used at the time with
7321:
3575:
3661:
3633:
1018:
Some functionality may be available if a Thunderbolt device is connected to a USB-C port; this is implementation-dependent, and not guaranteed.
8131:
8057:
6945:
7514:
7043:
5909:
1921:
and professional market, initially offering up to 12 TB of storage, later increased to 18 TB. Sales of these units were hurt by the
9829:
9780:
6221:
2327:
992:(0.66 ft), 0.8 m (2.6 ft), and 2 m (6.6 ft) – with many companies initially offering 0.8 m (2.6 ft) ones.
7383:
6815:
1306:(32.40 Gbit/s before 8/10 encoding removal, and 25.92 Gbit/s after) for video, but the maximum combined data rate cannot exceed 40
8512:
8183:
1664:
184:
7550:
7116:
6156:
5298:
4521:
1690:
November 17, 2020, Apple introduced the M1 Mac Mini with 2 Thunderbolt 4 ports. (The M2 update in 2023 included 4 ports) In October 2021,
8859:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
7604:
743:
Intel provides two types of Thunderbolt controllers, a two-port and a one-port type. Both peripherals and computers require a controller.
9866:
8994:
8931:
5411:
4140:
3599:
4463:
3412:
9636:
8565:
8404:
8334:
8042:
8000:
6689:
7096:"Thunderclap: Exploring Vulnerabilities in Operating System IOMMU Protection via DMA from Untrustworthy Peripherals – NDSS Symposium"
6527:
6501:
3821:
8394:
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6553:
3981:
1888:
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921:
technology, Intel switched to electrical connections to reduce costs and to supply up to 10 watts of power to connected devices.
7684:
2330:(which specifies the enforcement of signatures or hash allowlists of Option ROMs) are designed to mitigate this kind of attack.
9876:
9281:
7362:
5935:
3523:
7340:
7193:
2991:
port compatibility, backwards compatibility when a Thunderbolt 3 docking station is connected to a non-Thunderbolt 3 computer
1360:
This follows previous practice, where higher-end devices such as the second-generation Mac Pro, iMac, Retina MacBook Pro, and
9795:
9316:
8284:
8027:
7817:
1870:
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notebooks and 8000-series standalone Thunderbolt controllers (codenamed Goshen Ridge for devices and Maple Ridge for hosts).
761:
6137:
7579:
6323:
9161:
8836:
8487:
8456:
8082:
6401:"VESA Releases Updated DisplayPort Alt Mode Spec to Bring DisplayPort 2.0 Performance to USB4 and New USB Type-C® Devices"
5987:"VESA Releases Updated DisplayPort Alt Mode Spec to Bring DisplayPort 2.0 Performance to USB4 and New USB Type-C® Devices"
2132:, large computer component manufacturers, entered the market for the first time with Thunderbolt 3 compatible components.
7728:"New Intel Thunderbolt 3 controllers offer DisplayPort 1.4, and basic peripheral compatibility with USB-C computer ports"
6920:
5862:"New Intel Thunderbolt 3 controllers offer DisplayPort 1.4, and basic peripheral compatibility with USB-C computer ports"
5315:
8434:
8062:
7929:
7233:
6840:
3853:
2323:
Option ROMs during firmware updates, although the system is still vulnerable to Option ROM attacks during normal boots.
1036:(USB-IF) announced they would not allow such a combination port, and that USB was not open to modification in that way.
954:
833:
784:
1039:
Other implementations of the technology began in 2012, with desktop boards offering the interconnection now available.
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2015:, and have continued to immediately update their devices with newer generations of Thunderbolt as soon as available.
1827:
also has pair of certified motherboards, B550 VISION D-P and B550 VISION D, with an Intel Thunderbolt 3 controller.
794:
The interface was originally intended to run exclusively on an optical physical layer using components and flexible
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use two-port controllers; while lower-end, lower-power devices such as the MacBook Air use the one-port version.
1336:
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1112:
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5164:"Video Creation Bolts Ahead – Intel's Thunderbolt 2 Doubles Bandwidth, Enabling 4K Video Transfer & Display"
4958:"Video Creation Bolts Ahead – Intel's Thunderbolt 2 Doubles Bandwidth, Enabling 4K Video Transfer & Display"
9881:
9585:
9341:
9234:
9084:
8037:
4823:"Apple Announces New iMac With Next Generation Quad-Core Processors, Graphics & Thunderbolt I/O Technology"
2129:
1407:
1374:
Devices with Thunderbolt 3 ports began shipping at the beginning of December 2015, including notebooks running
1149:
4567:
1543:
The Apple Pro Display XDR, which macOS allows to connect using two HBR3 connections to a Mac, doesn't support
6375:
6184:
3951:
1776:
Intel announced that computers and accessories compatible with Thunderbolt 5 will come out starting in 2024.
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9055:
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2412:
In mid-2016, copper Thunderbolt 3 cables became available at lengths up to 2 m (6.6 ft). However,
9575:
4191:
9775:
8424:
8098:
8022:
7888:
7863:
1797:
1725:
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1540:(JHL7440). The new peripheral controller can now act as a USB sink (compatible with regular USB-C ports).
1033:
7748:
7663:"New Thunderbolt Controllers (DSL4510/4410) and Future 20 Gbps Falcon Ridge TB Controller Announced"
5332:
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3902:
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8497:
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8117:
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7924:
5387:"Next-gen Thunderbolt details: 40Gbps, PCIe 3.0, HDMI 2.0, and 100W power delivery for single-cable PCs"
3982:"Intel's Light Peak optical interconnect shrinks slightly, LaCie, WD, Compal and Avid begin prototyping"
3794:
3267:
3242:
2338:
In May 2020, seven major security flaws were discovered in the Thunderbolt protocol, collectively named
1953:
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5021:
4996:
4971:
4772:
4747:
4722:
4697:
4672:
4647:
4622:
4597:
4301:
1350:
Double Port (DP) uses a PCIe 3.0 ×4 link to provide two Thunderbolt 3 ports (DSL6540, JHL6540, JHL7540)
836:
started selling up to 30 m (100 ft) optical Thunderbolt cables in Japan in January 2013, and
6277:
3322:"Apple Updates MacBook Pro with Next Generation Processors, Graphics & Thunderbolt I/O Technology"
1975:
capacity had appeared. Exceptions included Sonnet Technologies' highly priced professional units, and
1353:
Single Port (SP) uses a PCIe 3.0 ×4 link to provide one Thunderbolt 3 port (DSL6340, JHL6340, JHL7340)
9671:
8891:
8684:
8537:
8419:
3671:
2270:
2063:
1922:
1810:
1649:
1619:
1533:
877:
692:
680:
2212:
Apple started to include Thunderbolt 4 on some of their devices, starting in 2021 with MacBook Pro.
1933:
in size, with some featuring SSDs for faster external-data access rather than standard hard-drives.
735:
9523:
9417:
9396:
9381:
9376:
9366:
8596:
8151:
6581:
5887:
2125:
1824:
1419:
946:
841:
9570:
9528:
9065:
8946:
8140:
8005:
7248:
7170:
6666:
2853:
2460:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2415:
2371:
2281:. Such attacks have been demonstrated, modifying inexpensive commodity Thunderbolt hardware. The
1678:
USB4 supports DisplayPort 2.0 over its alternative mode. DisplayPort 2.0 can support higher than
1472:
1465:
1458:
1222:
1161:
1097:
1090:
873:
6875:
1839:
A multiple hard disk storage device that attaches to a computer through a Thunderbolt connection
1804:
Wendell Wilson from Level1Techs was able to get Thunderbolt 3 support on an AMD computer with a
747:
6607:"The new USB4 spec promises a lot: Thunderbolt 3 support, 40Gbps bandwidth, and less confusion"
4946:
https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/02/thunderbolt-smokes-usb-firewire-with-10gbps-throughput/
4108:
1835:
9518:
9412:
9321:
9297:
8968:
8586:
8208:
8144:
7980:
7939:
6864:
3959:
3272:
2298:
1479:, which featured four Thunderbolt 3 ports and was released in December 2017. In October 2018,
1375:
945:
Intel and industry partners are still developing optical Thunderbolt hardware and cables. The
9507:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)
7600:
7575:
3822:"Video: Intel's Light Peak running an HD display while transferring files... on a hackintosh"
3666:
1724:
On September 12, 2023 Intel previewed Thunderbolt 5 (codenamed Barlow Ridge), aligned to the
9386:
9361:
9331:
9186:
8963:
8921:
8319:
7990:
7883:
7705:
4305:
3226:
2387:
2316:
2262:
1991:, Drobo, and other device makers started to swap out one of the two Thunderbolt ports for a
1944:
and other older connector types made it the first hub of its type. Later, companies such as
1941:
1043:
899:
In September 2010, some early commercial prototypes from manufacturers were demonstrated at
827:
765:
696:
688:
687:
via a single cable. Up to six peripherals may be supported by one connector through various
259:
6791:"Intel Finally Certified an AMD Thunderbolt Motherboard: Here's Why That Matters (Updated)"
2081:
models, offering up to 48 TB). LaCie also offering updated designed versions of their
889:
video showing Light Peak-connected HD cameras, laptops, docking stations, and HD monitors.
9694:
9554:
9472:
9437:
9077:
9040:
9030:
8884:
8449:
8299:
8279:
8154:
8047:
7868:
5262:
4921:
4845:"iMac (Mid 2011): Target Display Mode does not accept video over a Mini DisplayPort cable"
4499:
4053:
3217:
1507:
1011:
Details on compatibilty are available from the Thunderbolt Technology Community Web site.
6739:
2397:
In January 2013, Apple reduced the price of their 2 m (6.6 ft) length cable to
4352:
2289:
This vulnerability is not present when Thunderbolt is used as a system interconnection (
1995:
connection on some of their low-to-mid end products. Later models had the USB 3.0 added
1918:
9712:
9600:
8750:
8444:
8369:
8294:
8198:
8173:
7689:
6988:"New Alienware laptops pack Thunderbolt 3 and prettier screens, but oddly lack Skylake"
5205:
4822:
4013:
3906:
3498:"Thunderbolt 3: How USB cooperation could lead to 100 million connected computers soon"
2294:
2143:
1684:
684:
7141:
4871:
4045:
3795:"Optical Cables by Corning launched as the first Thunderbolt all-optical fiber cables"
3388:
2368:
In June 2011, Apple introduced the first Thunderbolt cable, a 2 m (6.6 ft),
2120:
Thunderbolt 3 was introduced in late 2015, with several motherboard manufacturers and
719:
9845:
9805:
9642:
9391:
9156:
9123:
9108:
9060:
9025:
9009:
8989:
8973:
8958:
8941:
8822:
8709:
8601:
8549:
8532:
8314:
8213:
8203:
8178:
7893:
4489:
4381:"Corning's Optical Thunderbolt 3 Cables Now Available in Lengths From 5 to 50 Meters"
4279:
4145:
4078:
1679:
1510:
with features one Thunderbolt 3 port, both released in December 2019. In April 2021,
1323:
1298:
1251:
934:
795:
776:
147:
7621:
5189:"ASUS Introduces Z87-Deluxe/Quad: World's First Thunderbolt 2 Certified Motherboard"
3925:
3775:
2423:
cables, or short (initially 0.5 m (1.6 ft), later 0.8 m (3 ft))
1659:
Another major improvement is that Thunderbolt 4 supports Thunderbolt Alternate Mode
9810:
9660:
9371:
9356:
9326:
8926:
8559:
8502:
8354:
8259:
7898:
7642:"Intel finally shipping 2nd gen Thunderbolt controllers, just in time for new Macs"
7409:
7367:
7263:"About the security content of OS X Yosemite v10.10.2 and Security Update 2015-001"
6012:
5416:
4227:
3910:
3798:
3753:
3638:
3604:
2380:
2075:
1961:
1805:
1785:
1356:
Low Power (LP) uses a PCIe 3.0 ×2 link to provide one Thunderbolt 3 port (JHL6240).
1340:
996:
966:
837:
756:
174:
5511:"MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2016, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports) – Technical Specifications"
4797:
1285:
711:
5486:"MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2016, Two Thunderbolt 3 ports) – Technical Specifications"
3471:
9770:
9709:
9654:
9648:
9181:
9166:
8827:
8806:
8729:
8724:
8569:
8507:
8482:
8409:
8193:
8188:
7903:
3282:
3262:
3222:
3164:
3149:
3119:
3104:
2951:
2792:
2254:
2246:
2012:
1902:
1848:
1757:
1742:
1705:
1698:
1601:
1594:
1583:
1484:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1332:
1258:
1237:
1230:
1204:
1197:
1116:
1109:
1075:
1068:
1061:
881:
823:
788:
780:
676:
672:
391:
381:
371:
365:
359:
355:
215:
118:
5760:
3118:
80 Gbit/s speed (also 120 ⇄ 40 Gbit/s: asymmetric), USB4 v2 compliant, 3x
2085:
mainstream consumer models, up to 12 TB, using new 6 TB hard-drives.
1181:
which does not change the maximum bandwidth, but makes using it more flexible.
9665:
9595:
9311:
9045:
8680:
8379:
8168:
7985:
7944:
7858:
7772:
7266:
7164:
6921:"What Exactly Is Thunderbolt and How Is It Different From USB-C? • macReports"
6690:"Complex Threadripper hack gets Intel's Thunderbolt 3 working on AMD hardware"
6658:
5835:
5358:"Leaked Info on Third-Generation Thunderbolt Points to 40Gbps Transfer Speeds"
4848:
4571:
4251:
4118:
4023:
3884:
3863:
3447:
3325:
2427:
cables. Passive copper cables exceeding 0.8 m (3 ft) are limited to
2339:
2311:
2274:
1713:
1709:
1691:
1687:(15360×8640) 60 Hz display with 10 bit Y'CbCr 4:4:4 or RGB are possible.
1653:
1645:
1590:
1529:
1511:
1495:
1480:
1451:
1426:
1411:
1226:
1211:
1193:
1185:
1101:
1083:
1057:
1047:
974:
807:
657:
645:
65:
8876:
7384:"Apple slashes price on Thunderbolt cable, releases additional shorter model"
4327:"PSA: For Thunderbolt 3 over distance; use *OPTICAL Thunderbolt 1/2 cables!*"
4280:"Sumitomo Electric Starts Selling Optical Thunderbolt Cable at Amazon Online"
3776:"Sumitomo Electric Starts Selling Optical Thunderbolt Cable at Amazon Online"
17:
9533:
9482:
9101:
8936:
8704:
8694:
8661:
8656:
8591:
8466:
8254:
8239:
8234:
8052:
8032:
7908:
7878:
7667:
7625:
7282:"Thunderspy: When Lightning Strikes Thrice: Breaking Thunderbolt 3 Security"
5361:
4526:
4494:
4410:
4384:
4330:
3231:
2343:
2258:
1672:
1399:
1379:
1138:
985:
819:
112:
7764:
7262:
6894:
4844:
4407:"Optical Thunderbolt 3 Cables Begin Rolling Out in Lengths Up to 50 Meters"
1422:), and a 0.5 m Thunderbolt 3 passive USB-C cable (from Lintes Technology).
803:
wiring could furnish the desired 10 Gbit/s per channel at lower cost.
7405:"Thunderbolt 3 embraces USB Type-C connector, doubles bandwidth to 40Gbps"
5281:"Thunderbolt 3 embraces USB Type-C connector, doubles bandwidth to 40Gbps"
2058:
versions of their R4 and R6 models along with an even larger R8 (8-drive)
2011:
Apple released its first Thunderbolt-equipped computer in early 2011 with
9540:
9510:
9422:
9351:
9197:
9128:
9089:
8714:
8651:
8384:
8244:
7853:
7848:
4876:
4353:"Optical thunderbolt 3 cables from Corning. Up to 60m. #NAB2019 #NABShow"
4196:
3986:
3929:
3826:
3576:"USB 3.1 and Type-C: The only stuff at CES that everyone is going to use"
3247:
3168:
3153:
3123:
3108:
2845:
2841:
2139:
1972:
1930:
1801:
1766:
Works with existing passive cables up to 1 m (3.3 ft) via PAM-3
1608:
1522:
1515:
1491:
1476:
1361:
1215:
1105:
981:
980:
In April 2019, Corning showed an optical Thunderbolt 3 cable at the 2019
893:
779:, which have access to DisplayPort data and PCIe connectivity, or on the
665:
649:
9549:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm
4522:"Apple to Introduce Light Peak (High Speed Connection Technology) Soon?"
806:
This copper-based version of the Light Peak concept was co-developed by
46:
9580:
9477:
9171:
9113:
9004:
8847:
8801:
8785:
8611:
8429:
8374:
8309:
8264:
7388:
7308:"Thunderspy 2: Kernel DMA Protection for Unpatched Thunderbolt Systems"
6946:"Gigabyte Unveils the Z170X-UD5 TH Thunderbolt 3 Certified Motherboard"
6202:
5910:"Thunderbolt 3 becomes USB4, as Intel's interconnect goes royalty-free"
4357:
3287:
2849:
2278:
2250:
1992:
1873: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1660:
1503:
1499:
1391:
1189:
1168:
Thunderbolt 1 ran at 10 Gbit/s, making it faster than USB at the time.
926:
886:
876:
and storage devices over a single 30-meter optical cable with modified
865:
375:
328:
7166:
Black Hat USA 2013 – Funderbolt: Adventures in Thunderbolt DMA Attacks
6633:"Introducing Thunderbolt 4: Universal Cable Connectivity for Everyone"
3750:"Thunderbolt trademark rights will be transferred from Apple to Intel"
3198:
All speeds up to HBR3 plus UHBR10 and UHBR20. No support for UHBR13.5.
1769:
Compatible with previous versions of Thunderbolt, USB, and DisplayPort
1735:
Supporting the latest version of USB4 2.0 80 Gbit/s specification
9590:
9499:
9441:
9266:
9072:
9050:
8999:
8780:
8671:
8646:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8439:
8329:
8289:
8249:
6528:"Intel has a grand plan to bring Thunderbolt 3 ports to every laptop"
6451:
5241:"One port to rule them all: Thunderbolt 3 and USB Type-C join forces"
5146:
5022:"MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013) – Technical Specifications"
4997:"MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013) – Technical Specifications"
4018:
1965:
1957:
1945:
1403:
1126:
featuring one Thunderbolt port for daisy-chaining, or other devices.
1050:
system, which used the display connector to support a low-speed bus.
918:
800:
296:
140:
8765:
8676:
7788:
7117:"Thunderbolt 3 vs. Thunderbolt 4 Technology: What's the Difference?"
6376:"DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0 Spec Released: Defining Alt Mode for USB4"
6265:
Introducing Thunderbolt 4: Universal Cable Connectivity for Everyone
6185:"DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0 Spec Released: Defining Alt Mode for USB4"
5936:"USB4 marries Thunderbolt 3 for faster speeds and smarter transfers"
4575:
3634:"Intel details Thunderbolt, says Apple has a full year's head start"
2441:) backward compatibility, while active cables support only USB 2.0 (
1293:
Thunderbolt 3 is a hardware interface developed by Intel. It shares
7802:
6251:
Introducing Thunderbolt 4 universal cable connectivity for everyone
4550:"ASUS and MSI launch Thunderbolt motherboards, tie for first place"
2138:
was the first to include Thunderbolt 3 ports in laptops with their
1322:) halves power consumption, and simultaneously drives two external
218:
protocol or USB-based external audio cards. Supports audio through
9760:
9739:
9722:
9699:
9546:
9428:
9218:
9035:
8775:
8666:
8606:
8544:
8517:
8399:
8349:
8274:
7954:
7949:
7833:
7756:
7713:
7597:"Thunderbolt roadmap unveiled, new features coming to Apple et al"
6505:
4925:
4257:
4113:
3859:
3728:
3700:
3364:
3297:
2988:
2359:
2266:
2124:
laptop manufacturers including Thunderbolt 3 with their products.
1999:
to the two Thunderbolt ports, including those from LaCie on their
1988:
1980:
1976:
1834:
1784:
On 24 May 2017, Intel announced that Thunderbolt 3 would become a
1387:
1371:
architecture chipsets, shipping during late 2015 into early 2016.
1294:
1284:
1276:
1177:
869:
857:
811:
746:
734:
726:
718:
710:
700:
653:
265:
70:
7685:"IDF 2013: Products With 20Gbps Thunderbolt 2 Appear At IDF 2013"
7515:"Alpine Ridge 頻寬可達 40Gb/s,新一代 Thunderbolt 晶片將具更多功能 – VR-Zone 中文版"
7307:
7229:
6967:"MSI embraces Skylake and Thunderbolt 3.0 for new gaming laptops"
6222:"Intel confirms Thunderbolt 4 on way with four-times USB 3 speed"
5811:"iPad Pro, 12.9-inch (5th generation) – Technical Specifications"
5072:"iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2014) – Technical Specifications"
2290:
1971:
As of late 2012, few other storage devices offering double-digit
764:; as many of these as the host has DP sources may be Thunderbolt
9800:
9492:
9487:
9346:
9213:
9176:
8770:
8755:
8616:
8527:
8522:
8364:
7975:
5661:"MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018) – Technical Specifications"
4086:
3292:
3021:
2245:
Thunderbolt 3 – like many high-speed expansion buses, including
2135:
2059:
1914:
1790:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1573:
1562:
1556:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1436:
which, as the name indicates, features two Thunderbolt 3 ports,
1415:
1395:
1383:
1328:
1266:
1219:
1157:
1130:
1094:
1087:
1029:
395:
385:
300:
284:
219:
9270:
8880:
8113:
7806:
7480:"Next-Gen Intel "Alpine Ridge" Thunderbolt Controller Detailed"
5786:"iPad Pro, 11-inch (3rd generation) – Technical Specifications"
5412:"Next-gen Thunderbolt doubles speeds but changes the connector"
5263:"Thunderbolt 3 is twice as fast and uses reversible USB Type-C"
4433:"Thunderbolt 4 / USB 4 Cable (2m) Active 40Gb/s, 100W, 20V, 5A"
3600:"Thunderbolt smokes USB, FireWire with 10 Gb/s throughput"
9734:
9729:
9704:
9677:
9504:
9255:
8719:
8344:
8339:
5586:"iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017) – Technical Specifications"
5122:"MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015) – Technical Specifications"
5097:"MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015) – Technical Specifications"
4648:"MacBook Pro (17-inch, Early 2011) – Technical Specifications"
4623:"MacBook Pro (15-inch, Early 2011) – Technical Specifications"
4598:"MacBook Pro (13-inch, Early 2011) – Technical Specifications"
3991:
3831:
2121:
1949:
1842:
1753:
1708:
which each featured three Thunderbolt 4 ports. In March 2022,
7322:"Kernel DMA Protection (Windows 10) – Microsoft 365 Security"
2215:
List of Apple devices featuring Thunderbolt 4 ports include:
2172:
MacBook Pro (13-inch, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports, 2016 to 2020)
2156:
List of Apple devices featuring Thunderbolt 3 ports include:
2088:
List of Apple devices featuring Thunderbolt 2 ports include:
1979:'s 4- and 5-drive enclosures, the latter featuring their own
6715:"Thunderbolt 3 AMD Threadripper 1950X + RTX 2080@32Gbps-TB3"
6063:"MacBook Pro (13-inch, M1, 2020) – Technical Specifications"
5611:"iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2017) – Technical Specifications"
4773:"MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications"
4748:"MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications"
4302:"Delock Cable Thunderbolt optical male/male 30 m black"
2448:). In April 2020, optical Thunderbolt 3 cables debuted (see
2310:
When a system with Thunderbolt boots, it loads and executes
2175:
MacBook Pro (13-inch, Two Thunderbolt 3 ports, 2016 to 2020)
1265:
The first Thunderbolt 2 product for the consumer market was
7052:
5440:"Day 1 of Thunderbolt peripheral training Q4 15 final v1.0"
3789:
3787:
3785:
2222:
MacBook Pro (16-inch, M1 Pro/Max, 2021 to M3 Pro/Max, 2023)
2219:
MacBook Pro (14-inch, M1 Pro/Max, 2021 to M3 Pro/Max, 2023)
2018:
List of Apple devices featuring Thunderbolt ports include:
953:
The first such optical Thunderbolt cable was introduced by
7765:"Adapters for the Thunderbolt 3 or USB-C port on your Mac"
7071:"Thunderbolt flaw allows access to a PC's data in minutes"
4192:"IPtronics, Avago chip in to Intel's optical interconnect"
1346:
Intel offers three varieties for each of the controllers:
1254:
while simultaneously displaying it on a discrete monitor.
7281:
6659:"Where is Thunderbolt on Threadripper?! Here it is, but…"
4169:"IPtronics Develops Components for Light Peak Technology"
1450:, which features four Thunderbolt 3 ports. In June 2017,
1042:
Apple stated in February 2011 that the port was based on
7363:"Hands-on: Apple's Thunderbolt Gigabit Ethernet adapter"
6452:"MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2021) – Technical Specifications"
6427:"MacBook Pro (14-inch, 2021) – Technical Specifications"
5536:"MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2016) – Technical Specifications"
4568:"Thunderbolt: Next-Generation high-speed I/O technology"
4141:"Intel says Light Peak interconnect technology is ready"
2070:
models offering up to 24 TB) and LaCie (with their
1772:
Supported by Intel's enabling and certification programs
1572:
It supports 40 Gbit/s (5 GB/s) throughput, is
1015:
DisplayPort and Mini DisplayPort devices are supported.
4872:"Intel to Open up Thunderbolt Development This Quarter"
4673:"iMac (21.5-inch, Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications"
1247:
combined into a single logical 20 Gbit/s channel.
7341:"The technology inside Apple's $ 50 Thunderbolt cable"
6502:"Intel Introduces Thunderbolt 5 Connectivity Standard"
6244:
6242:
4798:"Apple Thunderbolt Display – Technical Specifications"
4253:
Light Peak to Connect Consumer Devices at Record Speed
3886:
Light Peak to Connect Consumer Devices at Record Speed
2095:
MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013 to Early 2015)
2022:
MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2012 to Early 2013)
1475:
which feature two Thunderbolt 3 ports, as well as the
6113:"iMac (24-inch, M1, 2021) – Technical Specifications"
4698:"iMac (27-inch, Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications"
4223:"Intel: 'PC makers took the light out of Light Peak'"
2025:
MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2012 to Early 2013)
1569:, based on the Thunderbolt 3 protocol specification.
751:
Thunderbolt 2 port on MacBook Pro with Retina display
6889:
6887:
6885:
6883:
2434:. Despite that limit, passive cables provide USB 3 (
2092:
MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013 to Mid 2015)
1663:("Multi-port Accessory Architecture"), and not just
1250:
Intel says Thunderbolt 2 will be able to transfer a
1210:
featuring two Thunderbolt 2 ports. In October 2014,
1192:
featuring six Thunderbolt 2 ports. In October 2013,
9748:
9687:
9629:
9613:
9563:
9465:
9456:
9405:
9304:
9243:
9227:
9139:
9018:
8982:
8914:
8815:
8794:
8743:
8579:
8475:
8227:
8161:
8091:
7963:
7917:
7841:
7572:"Intel cans 3.4W TDP Cactus Ridge Thunderbolt chip"
7230:"Thunderstrike: EFI firmware rootkits for MacBooks"
6405:
VESA – Interface Standards for The Display Industry
6038:"MacBook Air (M1, 2020) – Technical Specifications"
5991:
VESA - Interface Standards for The Display Industry
5561:"iMac (21.5-inch, 2017) – Technical Specifications"
4458:
4456:
4046:"Intel's Light Peak: One PC cable to rule them all"
4014:"Intel Thunderbolt Rollout Won't Be Lightning Fast"
2457:Copper versions of Thunderbolt 4 cables offer full
2386:
In June 2012, Apple began selling a Thunderbolt-to-
2334:
Vulnerability to data exposure attacks (Thunderspy)
2149:Apple first included Thunderbolt 3 on Mac in 2016.
618:
607:
596:
585:
574:
563:
552:
541:
530:
519:
508:
497:
486:
475:
464:
453:
442:
431:
420:
409:
404:
347:
320:
312:
307:
291:
279:
274:
251:
234:
226:
210:
202:
183:
173:
165:
157:
132:
127:
105:
87:
79:
58:
53:
9431:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm
3438:
3436:
2326:Firmware-enforced boot security measures, such as
1494:featuring four Thunderbolt 3 ports. In June 2019,
1225:featuring two Thunderbolt 2 ports. In March 2015,
917:Though Thunderbolt was originally conceived as an
7045:Funderbolt: Adventures in Thunderbolt DMA Attacks
7013:"Thunderbolt: Introducing a new way to hack Macs"
6554:"USB Promoter Group Announces USB4 Specification"
5736:"Mac Pro (Rack, 2019) – Technical Specifications"
5047:"Mac mini (Late 2014) - Technical Specifications"
4922:"Registration required for developer information"
4079:"Sources: 'Light Peak' technology not Apple idea"
2113:iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2014 to Late 2015)
1528:featuring one Thunderbolt 3 port. In March 2022,
337:Thunderbolt 3 and 4: 40 Gbit/s bidirectional
6088:"Mac mini (M1, 2020) – Technical specifications"
5406:
5404:
5381:
5379:
5352:
5350:
4972:"Mac Pro (Late 2013) – Technical Specifications"
4901:"LeCroy lines up armada for Thunderbolt testing"
4723:"Mac mini (Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications"
3407:
3405:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
1565:specification was released on 29 August 2019 by
1506:featuring up to twelve Thunderbolt 3 ports, and
8462:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
7622:"Intel to release new Thunderbolt chip in 2Q13"
6171:"USB4 is Coming! Here is What You Need to Know"
5299:"Intel® 7000 Series Thunderbolt™ 3 Controllers"
4490:"New high-speed connection tech due from Apple"
3855:Intel Light Peak Interconnect Technology Update
3593:
3591:
3589:
1331:3.0 and other protocols, including DisplayPort
1100:featuring two Thunderbolt ports. In July 2011,
1082:) featuring one Thunderbolt port. In May 2011,
932:In January 2011, Intel's David Perlmutter told
699:(MDP), whereas Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5 use the
7064:
7062:
7037:
7035:
7033:
6841:"ProArt B550-CREATOR|Motherboards|ASUS Global"
6477:"Mac Studio (2022) – Technical Specifications"
6350:"Intel Teases Thunderbolt 4, Light on Details"
5962:"Thunderbolt 3 Merges With USB to Become USB4"
4072:
4070:
2028:MacBook Pro (17-inch, Early 2011 to Late 2011)
1917:enclosures by Promise Technology aimed at the
840:, began selling up to 60 m (200 ft)
826:, using the same Apple-developed connector as
592:HighSpeed transmit 1 (negative)
570:HighSpeed transmit 1 (positive)
460:HighSpeed transmit 0 (negative)
438:HighSpeed transmit 0 (positive)
9282:
8892:
8125:
7818:
7498:"Intel 6000 Series Thunderbolt 3 Controllers"
7006:
7004:
6816:"THUNDERBOLTEX 3-TR|Motherboards|ASUS Global"
4464:"Intel Thunderbolt 4 announcement press deck"
3722:"White Paper: The 50G Silicon Photonics Link"
3627:
3625:
3623:
3444:"Thunderbolt Device Driver Programming Guide"
2040:MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2011 to Early 2014)
2037:MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2011 to Early 2014)
2034:MacBook Pro (13-inch, Early 2011 to Mid 2012)
2031:MacBook Pro (15-inch, Early 2011 to Mid 2012)
603:HighSpeed receive 1 (negative)
581:HighSpeed receive 1 (positive)
471:HighSpeed receive 0 (negative)
449:HighSpeed receive 0 (positive)
8:
7749:"Thunderbolt 3 – The USB-C That Does It All"
5761:"Pro Display XDR – Technical Specifications"
5686:"Mac mini (2018) – Technical Specifications"
5636:"iMac Pro (2017) – Technical Specifications"
5333:"Thunderbolt 3 – The USB-C That Does It All"
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3163:80 Gbit/s speed, USB4 v2 compliant, 3x
3148:40 Gbit/s speed, USB4 v2 compliant, 3x
3103:40 Gbit/s speed, USB4 v2 compliant, 3x
1314:Intel's Thunderbolt 3 controller (codenamed
39:
7797:Thunderbolt May Not Be As Fast As You Think
7194:"Hacking the Extensible Firmware Interface"
5836:"Studio Display – Technical Specifications"
5711:"Mac Pro (2019) – Technical Specifications"
4216:
4214:
3524:"Intel shows 'world's fastest thumb drive'"
2483:
2181:MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018 to 2020)
2163:MacBook Pro (13-inch, M1, 2020 to M2, 2022)
1129:In May 2011, Apple announced a new line of
880:ends. The system was driven by a prototype
660:. It was initially marketed under the name
340:Thunderbolt 5: 80 Gbit/s bidirectional
9462:
9289:
9275:
9267:
8899:
8885:
8877:
8132:
8118:
8110:
7971:Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
7935:Intel Communication Streaming Architecture
7825:
7811:
7803:
5903:
5901:
4447:"Cable Matters Active Thunderbolt 4 Cable"
4171:(Press release). IPtronics. 1 October 2009
3383:
3381:
2476:
1813:Creator already have Thunderbolt 3 ports.
1760:, for faster storage and external graphics
1756:/s) the PCI Express data-throughput using
1145:device in a chain of Thunderbolt devices.
1141:is a Thunderbolt symbol next to the port.
38:
8013:High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection
6317:"Sonnet Thunderbolt 4 Dock Compatibility"
3952:"Intel shows off first Light Peak laptop"
3550:"What you need to know about Thunderbolt"
3316:
3314:
3258:List of computer peripheral bus bit rates
2896:40 Gbit/s speed, DP 1.2, lead-free.
2193:iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017 to 2019)
2098:MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015 to 2017)
1889:Learn how and when to remove this message
169:4.5 mm plug (5.4 mm receptacle)
161:7.4 mm plug (8.3 mm receptacle)
7249:"CVE-2014-4498: The Thunderstrike issue"
4044:Shankland, Stephen (23 September 2009).
3632:Dilger, Daniel Eran (24 February 2011).
2852:, 100 W power delivery (compatible with
1133:that include the Thunderbolt interface.
9621:List of solid-state drive manufacturers
6789:Broekhuijsen, Niels (6 February 2020).
5888:"USB Promoter Group USB4 Specification"
3862:. Event occurs at 1:20. Archived from
3310:
3184:
2987:40 Gbit/s speed, DP 1.4, optional
2494:
2449:
2355:
2190:iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2017 to 2020)
1763:Up to 240W of charging power downstream
775:Thunderbolt can be implemented on PCIe
9852:Computer-related introductions in 2009
8058:Platform Environment Control Interface
7361:van Beijnum, Iljitsch (20 June 2012).
6013:"Thunderbolt 4 Explained | Tripp Lite"
4077:Crothers, Brooke (29 September 2009).
2107:iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, Late 2015)
2049:iMac (21.5-inch, Mid 2011 to Mid 2014)
1490:, featuring 2 Thunderbolt 3 ports and
1441:(13-inch, 2016, 4 Thunderbolt 3 Ports)
1434:(13-inch, 2016, 2 Thunderbolt 3 Ports)
1289:USB-C Thunderbolt 3, 4, or 5 connector
334:Thunderbolt 2: 20 Gbit/s in total
9436:Flash Forward (joint venture between
7228:Hudson, Trammell (27 December 2014).
6157:"USB4 Systems PCIe Tunneling Support"
4488:Crothers, Brooke (19 February 2011).
3980:Hollister, Sean (14 September 2010).
3466:
3464:
2046:iMac (27-inch, Mid 2011 to Late 2013)
1968:have all released Thunderbolt docks.
1148:Intel announced they would release a
7:
7173:from the original on 3 November 2021
6669:from the original on 3 November 2021
3924:Shiels, Maggie (25 September 2009).
3598:Foresman, Chris (24 February 2011).
1871:adding citations to reliable sources
1716:with up to six Thunderbolt 4 ports.
1093:featuring one Thunderbolt port, and
703:connector, and support USB devices.
7011:Graham, Robert (24 February 2011).
3472:"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)"
2306:Vulnerability to Option ROM attacks
2205:iPad Pro 12.9-inch (5th generation)
2169:MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2016 to 2019)
691:. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same
683:signals, and additionally provides
364:Thunderbolt 2: x4 PCI Express 2.0,
9637:Advanced Host Controller Interface
8043:Host Embedded Controller Interface
7403:Anthony, Sebastian (2 June 2015).
6919:Butler, Stacey (7 November 2023).
5335:. Thunderbolt Technology Community
4574:. 24 February 2011. Archived from
4107:Branscombe, Mary (5 August 2010).
4012:Hachman, Mark (24 February 2011).
3820:Patel, Nilay (24 September 2009).
3328:. 24 February 2011. Archived from
2178:MacBook Air (M1, 2020 to M2, 2022)
1983:proprietary data-handling system.
1536:featuring one Thunderbolt 3 port.
1243:featuring one Thunderbolt 2 port.
860:introduced Light Peak at the 2009
844:in the US in late September 2013.
25:
9887:Peripheral Component Interconnect
7551:"Thunderbolt 80/120G Controllers"
7163:Sevinsky, Russ (1 October 2013).
5187:Walton, Jarred (19 August 2013).
4282:(Press release). Global SEI. 2013
4250:Ziller, Jason (23 January 2010).
3926:"Future is TV-shaped, says Intel"
3852:Ziller, Jason (26 January 2010).
2401:and added a half-meter cable for
2269:— is potentially vulnerable to a
2208:iPad Pro 11-inch (3rd generation)
2101:MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
1796:Before March 2019, there were no
1615:. In April 2021, Apple announced
1418:), as well as motherboards (from
965:In September 2013, glass company
331:/s each (20 Gbit/s in total)
9824:
9823:
8863:
8862:
7683:Verry, Tim (15 September 2013).
7382:Gurman, Mark (10 January 2013).
7339:Foresman, Chris (30 June 2011).
7247:US-CERT/NIST (30 January 2015).
7042:Sevinsky, Russ (1 August 2013).
6895:"Identify the ports on your Mac"
6769:Thunderbolt Technology Community
6220:Owen, Malcolm (7 January 2020).
5316:"Thunderbolt 3 Technology Brief"
5204:Torres, Edwin (28 January 2013)
4899:Holland, Colin (12 April 2011).
4520:Kim, Arnold (19 February 2011).
4469:. Intel Thunderbolt. 8 July 2020
4190:Clarke, Peter (1 October 2009).
4109:"Intel Light Peak: a tech guide"
3660:Nilsson, LG (25 February 2011).
3548:Frakes, Dan (24 February 2011).
3476:Thunderbolt Technology Community
3361:"Thunderbolt – Technology Brief"
2848:LSPCon (DP Protocol Converter),
2043:Mac Mini (Mid 2011 to Late 2012)
1905:, with the relatively expensive
1847:
715:Symbol used on Thunderbolt ports
45:
4221:Metz, Cade (24 February 2011).
3903:"Light Peak to succeed USB 3.0"
2160:Macbook Pro (14-inch, M3, 2023)
1858:needs additional citations for
1731:The full specifications cover:
1652:protection to prevent physical
1223:(Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2014)
664:, and first sold as part of an
644:for the connection of external
146:Up to 60 metres (200 ft) (
5908:Bright, Peter (4 March 2019).
2879:40 Gbit/s speed, DP 1.2.
2840:40 Gbit/s speed, DP 1.2,
2478:Intel Thunderbolt controllers
1297:connectors with USB, supports
327:Thunderbolt 1: 2 channels, 10
1:
8457:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
7747:Ziller, Jason (2 June 2015).
7140:. Intel. 2014. Archived from
6765:"X570 Phantom Gaming–ITX/TB3"
5934:Grunin, Lori (4 March 2019).
5389:. Extreme Tech. 22 April 2014
5239:Byrne, Seamus (2 June 2015).
5195:. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
4139:Shah, Agam (8 January 2011).
3950:Collins, Barry (4 May 2010).
3662:"Intel announces Thunderbolt"
1367:Support was added to Intel's
941:See comparison section below.
723:Thunderbolt 1 or 2, connector
668:product on 24 February 2011.
139:Up to 3 metres (10 ft) (
8435:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
8425:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
8001:Active Management Technology
7930:MultiProcessor Specification
7234:Chaos Communication Congress
6688:Lilly, Paul (30 July 2018).
5211:. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
5153:. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
4870:Shah, Agam (12 April 2011).
2364:Thunderbolt Ethernet adapter
2241:Vulnerability to DMA attacks
1466:(Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017)
1281:Thunderbolt 3, 4, or 5 ports
1208:(Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013)
1201:(Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013)
955:Sumitomo Electric Industries
834:Sumitomo Electric Industries
740:Thunderbolt link connections
7533:"Thunderbolt 4 Controllers"
7462:"Thunderbolt 3 Controllers"
7444:"Thunderbolt 2 Controllers"
7069:Porter, Jon (11 May 2020).
5960:Brant, Tom (4 March 2019).
3253:List of interface bit rates
2231:Mac Pro (2023 + Rack, 2023)
2202:Mac Pro (2019 + Rack, 2019)
2184:Mac Mini (2018 to M1, 2020)
2166:MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2019)
2110:iMac (21.5-inch, Late 2015)
1586:over its alternative mode.
1302:
1257:Thunderbolt 2 incorporates
912:
91:Since 24 February 2011
27:Computer hardware interface
9903:
9867:Fiber-optic communications
8908:Audio and video connectors
8420:Compute Express Link (CXL)
7280:Ruytenberg, Björn (2020).
7138:"Thunderbolt how it works"
6296:"Razer Thunderbolt 4 Dock"
6139:USB type C system overview
4548:Smith, Mat (21 May 2012).
3670:. VR Media. Archived from
3522:Shah, Agam (6 June 2013).
3413:"Thunderbolt 4 Press deck"
3278:Parallel optical interface
2827:
2521:
2419:on copper required either
2353:
1582:USB4 supports DisplayPort
1554:
1545:Display Stream Compression
1526:12.9-inch (5th generation)
1473:(Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2017)
1301:, and can require special
910:
244:Thunderbolt 3, 4 and 5: 24
195:Thunderbolt 4: Hub support
29:
9819:
8856:
8657:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
8572:logical device interface)
7753:thunderbolttechnology.net
7644:. VR-Zone. Archived from
7426:"Thunderbolt Controllers"
3213:Apple Thunderbolt Display
3174:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3075:
3019:
3013:
2995:
2963:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2895:
2892:
2866:
2833:
2818:
2804:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2763:
2733:
2730:
2688:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2583:
2580:
2571:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2225:Mac Studio (2022 to 2023)
1938:Apple Thunderbolt Display
1124:Apple Thunderbolt Display
864:(IDF), using a prototype
629:
427:Hot plug detect
350:
323:
315:
294:
282:
264:Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5:
254:
237:
229:
213:
205:
188:
178:
168:
160:
135:
108:
90:
82:
61:
44:
9235:List of video connectors
8038:Serial Digital Video Out
8028:Rapid Storage Technology
6278:"What is Thunderbolt 4?"
4880:. PCWorld Communications
2236:Security vulnerabilities
2187:iMac (24-inch, M1, 2021)
1519:11-inch (3rd generation)
755:Thunderbolt controllers
731:Thunderbolt 1 or 2, port
230:Via DisplayPort protocol
30:Not to be confused with
9337:Flash memory controller
8964:Speaker spring terminal
8083:Ultra Path Interconnect
8068:Platform Controller Hub
7996:Intel Management Engine
5460:"Thunderbolt 3 devices"
4260:. Event occurs at 1:13
3238:Interconnect bottleneck
1923:2011 floods in Thailand
1488:(Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
868:logic board to run two
640:is the brand name of a
241:Thunderbolt 1 and 2: 20
9877:Optical communications
9761:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8
8219:List of bus bandwidths
8099:Silicon Photonics Link
8063:QuickPath Interconnect
7192:Heasman, John (2007).
5892:USB implementers forum
5866:Thunderbolt Technology
5464:Thunderbolt Technology
5447:Thunderbolt technology
4231:. Situation Publishing
3694:"Light Peak: Overview"
3420:Thunderbolt technology
3020:40 Gbit/s speed,
2950:40 Gbit/s speed,
2791:20 Gbit/s speed,
2365:
2196:iMac (21.5-inch, 2017)
1840:
1726:USB Implementers Forum
1567:USB Implementers Forum
1290:
1282:
1034:USB Implementers Forum
752:
744:
732:
724:
716:
656:in collaboration with
652:. It was developed by
537:Ground (reserved)
515:Ground (reserved)
504:LowSpeed transmit
128:General specifications
93:; 13 years ago
9749:Related organizations
8073:System Management Bus
8018:High Definition Audio
7925:Common Building Block
7710:Formerly Falcon Ridge
6740:"ASRock X570 Creator"
6267:. Intel. July 8, 2020
4960:. Intel. 4 June 2013.
4361:. Mat X. 9 April 2019
3389:"OWC Thunderbolt Hub"
3268:Optical communication
2828:10.7 × 10.7
2363:
1954:Other World Computing
1838:
1758:PCI Express Gen. 4 x4
1288:
1280:
1241:(13-inch, Early 2015)
1234:(11-inch, Early 2015)
1091:(21.5-inch, Mid 2011)
1072:(15-inch, Early 2011)
1065:(13-inch, Early 2011)
901:Intel Developer Forum
862:Intel Developer Forum
750:
738:
730:
722:
714:
671:Thunderbolt combines
526:LowSpeed receive
258:Thunderbolt 1 and 2:
32:Lightning (connector)
9678:Universal Serial Bus
9672:Serial attached SCSI
8662:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
8400:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
6677:– via You tube
6582:"USB4 Specification"
4149:. International Data
3608:. Condé Nast Digital
3574:Cunningham, Andrew.
2915:Computers/Peripheral
2904:Computers/Peripheral
2887:Computers/Peripheral
2271:direct memory access
2104:Mac Mini (Late 2014)
2064:SanDisk Professional
1867:improve this article
1650:direct memory access
1504:Mac Pro (Rack, 2019)
1216:Mac mini (Late 2014)
947:optical fiber cables
9406:Flash manufacturers
9397:Write amplification
9382:Solid-state storage
8503:Parallel ATA (PATA)
7306:Ruytenberg, Björn.
7053:Black Hat Briefings
6329:on 19 February 2021
4578:on 26 February 2011
4387:. 30 September 2020
3801:. 11 September 2013
3674:on 26 February 2011
2479:
2116:Mac Pro (Late 2013)
1620:(24-inch, M1, 2021)
1609:Mac mini (M1, 2020)
1605:(13-inch, M1, 2020)
1420:Gigabyte Technology
1190:Mac Pro (Late 2013)
1120:(13-inch, Mid 2011)
1113:(11-inch, Mid 2011)
1106:Mac mini (Mid 2011)
1098:(27-inch, Mid 2011)
1080:17-inch, Early 2011
872:video streams plus
814:. Apple registered
394:, DisplayPort 2.1,
384:, DisplayPort 2.0,
374:, DisplayPort 1.2,
41:
9571:Greenliant Systems
9342:Garbage collection
9298:Solid-state drives
8410:PCI Express (PCIe)
7648:on 20 October 2012
7326:docs.microsoft.com
7269:. 4 February 2015.
7212:"Mac EFI rootkits"
7144:on 29 October 2014
6017:Tripp Lite Website
2854:USB Power Delivery
2477:
2451:Copper vs. optical
2366:
2356:Copper vs. optical
1841:
1831:Peripheral devices
1589:In November 2020,
1341:USB power delivery
1291:
1283:
1056:In February 2011,
907:Copper vs. optical
892:On 4 May 2010, in
783:of computers with
753:
745:
733:
725:
717:
642:hardware interface
392:x4 PCI Express 4.0
382:x4 PCI Express 3.0
372:x4 PCI Express 3.0
356:x4 PCI Express 2.0
54:Production history
9839:
9838:
9771:NVMHCI Work Group
9614:SSD manufacturers
9609:
9608:
9367:Over-provisioning
9322:Flash file system
9264:
9263:
8874:
8873:
8860:
8587:Apple Desktop Bus
8564:PCI Express (via
8523:Serial ATA (SATA)
8209:Network on a chip
8107:
8106:
7981:Intel Turbo Boost
7940:Intel Inboard 386
7775:. 11 August 2021.
6508:. 19 October 2022
6481:support.apple.com
6456:support.apple.com
6431:support.apple.com
6380:www.anandtech.com
6117:support.apple.com
6092:support.apple.com
6067:support.apple.com
6042:support.apple.com
5894:. 29 August 2019.
5815:support.apple.com
5790:support.apple.com
5740:support.apple.com
5715:support.apple.com
5690:support.apple.com
5665:support.apple.com
5640:support.apple.com
5615:support.apple.com
5590:support.apple.com
5565:support.apple.com
5540:support.apple.com
5515:support.apple.com
5490:support.apple.com
5285:arstechnica.co.uk
5126:support.apple.com
5101:support.apple.com
5076:support.apple.com
5051:support.apple.com
5026:support.apple.com
5001:support.apple.com
4976:support.apple.com
4802:support.apple.com
4777:support.apple.com
4752:support.apple.com
4727:support.apple.com
4702:support.apple.com
4677:support.apple.com
4652:support.apple.com
4627:support.apple.com
4602:support.apple.com
3960:Dennis Publishing
3324:(Press release).
3273:Fiber-optic cable
3181:
3180:
2661:12 × 12
2537:15 × 15
2317:evil-maid attacks
1899:
1898:
1891:
1780:Royalty situation
1459:(21.5-inch, 2017)
1425:In October 2016,
1376:Microsoft Windows
635:
634:
16:(Redirected from
9894:
9827:
9826:
9695:HDD form factors
9463:
9362:Open-channel SSD
9291:
9284:
9277:
9268:
8901:
8894:
8887:
8878:
8866:
8865:
8858:
8320:HP Precision Bus
8134:
8127:
8120:
8111:
8023:Hub Architecture
7991:Intel Secure Key
7827:
7820:
7813:
7804:
7792:
7791:
7776:
7760:
7734:
7731:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7603:. Archived from
7591:
7589:
7587:
7582:on 25 March 2012
7578:. Archived from
7565:
7559:
7558:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7529:
7523:
7522:
7521:. 19 April 2014.
7511:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7476:
7470:
7469:
7458:
7452:
7451:
7440:
7434:
7433:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7379:
7373:
7372:
7358:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7318:
7312:
7311:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7277:
7271:
7270:
7259:
7253:
7252:
7244:
7238:
7237:
7225:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7207:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7149:
7134:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7123:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7066:
7057:
7056:
7050:
7039:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7008:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6963:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6891:
6878:
6873:
6867:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6812:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6750:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6711:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6665:, 29 July 2018,
6655:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6603:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6578:
6572:
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6524:
6518:
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6515:
6513:
6498:
6492:
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6489:
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6473:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6328:
6322:. Archived from
6321:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6274:
6268:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6246:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6203:"USB4 vs. USB C"
6199:
6193:
6192:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6134:
6128:
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6125:
6123:
6109:
6103:
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6009:
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5896:
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5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
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5821:
5807:
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5757:
5751:
5750:
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5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
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5707:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5673:
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5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5632:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5582:
5576:
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5573:
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5557:
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5507:
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5498:
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5482:
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5475:
5473:
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5430:
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5408:
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5383:
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5369:
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5340:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5303:
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5289:
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5230:
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5218:
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5202:
5196:
5185:
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5134:
5132:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5093:
5087:
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5084:
5082:
5068:
5062:
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5059:
5057:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4993:
4987:
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4982:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4954:
4948:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4841:
4835:
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4808:
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4758:
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4708:
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4683:
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4658:
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4608:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
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4545:
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4538:
4536:
4534:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4468:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4449:. Cable Matters.
4443:
4437:
4436:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4218:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4074:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3913:. 15 April 2010.
3899:
3893:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3866:on 23 March 2011
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3791:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3629:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3595:
3584:
3583:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3357:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3318:
3227:Mini DisplayPort
3199:
3196:
3138:
3087:
3057:
3037:
3007:
2966:
2937:
2920:
2869:
2807:
2775:
2749:
2724:
2704:
2657:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2603:
2599:
2574:
2533:
2496:
2485:
2480:
2463:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2418:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2388:gigabit Ethernet
2383:costing US$ 49.
2374:
2328:UEFI Secure Boot
2292:
1942:gigabit Ethernet
1894:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1851:
1843:
1751:
1309:
1044:Mini DisplayPort
828:Mini DisplayPort
697:Mini DisplayPort
360:DisplayPort 1.1a
260:Mini DisplayPort
101:
99:
94:
49:
42:
21:
9902:
9901:
9897:
9896:
9895:
9893:
9892:
9891:
9882:Optoelectronics
9842:
9841:
9840:
9835:
9815:
9744:
9683:
9625:
9605:
9559:
9513:(bought by OCZ)
9473:Western Digital
9452:
9438:Western Digital
9401:
9305:Key terminology
9300:
9295:
9265:
9260:
9244:General-purpose
9239:
9223:
9140:Audio and video
9135:
9041:Composite video
9036:Component YPbPr
9014:
8978:
8910:
8905:
8875:
8870:
8861:
8852:
8811:
8790:
8739:
8652:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
8575:
8471:
8450:Infinity Fabric
8280:Europe Card Bus
8223:
8157:
8138:
8108:
8103:
8087:
8048:Hyper-threading
7959:
7913:
7837:
7831:
7793:– official site
7787:
7786:
7783:
7763:
7746:
7743:
7741:Further reading
7738:
7737:
7726:
7718:
7716:
7704:
7695:
7693:
7682:
7673:
7671:
7661:Shimpi, Anand.
7660:
7651:
7649:
7639:
7630:
7628:
7619:
7610:
7608:
7594:
7585:
7583:
7569:
7566:
7562:
7549:
7548:
7544:
7531:
7530:
7526:
7513:
7512:
7508:
7500:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7484:techpowerup.com
7478:
7477:
7473:
7460:
7459:
7455:
7442:
7441:
7437:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7381:
7380:
7376:
7360:
7359:
7355:
7345:
7343:
7338:
7337:
7333:
7320:
7319:
7315:
7305:
7304:
7300:
7290:
7288:
7279:
7278:
7274:
7261:
7260:
7256:
7246:
7245:
7241:
7227:
7226:
7222:
7214:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7196:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7176:
7174:
7162:
7161:
7157:
7147:
7145:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7114:
7110:
7100:
7098:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7079:
7077:
7068:
7067:
7060:
7048:
7041:
7040:
7031:
7021:
7019:
7017:Errata Security
7010:
7009:
7002:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6985:
6981:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6950:
6948:
6944:
6943:
6939:
6929:
6927:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6903:
6901:
6893:
6892:
6881:
6876:B550 VISION D-P
6874:
6870:
6863:
6859:
6849:
6847:
6839:
6838:
6834:
6824:
6822:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6799:
6797:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6773:
6771:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6748:
6746:
6738:
6737:
6733:
6723:
6721:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6698:
6696:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6672:
6670:
6657:
6656:
6652:
6642:
6640:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6616:
6614:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6579:
6575:
6565:
6563:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6547:
6537:
6535:
6526:
6525:
6521:
6511:
6509:
6500:
6499:
6495:
6485:
6483:
6475:
6474:
6470:
6460:
6458:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6435:
6433:
6425:
6424:
6420:
6410:
6408:
6407:. 29 April 2020
6399:
6398:
6394:
6384:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6358:
6356:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6319:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6300:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6263:
6259:
6248:
6247:
6240:
6230:
6228:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6155:
6154:
6150:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6071:
6069:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6021:
6019:
6011:
6010:
6006:
5996:
5994:
5993:. 29 April 2020
5985:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5968:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5944:
5942:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5918:
5916:
5907:
5906:
5899:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5860:Ziller, Jason.
5859:
5858:
5854:
5844:
5842:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5819:
5817:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5794:
5792:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5709:
5708:
5704:
5694:
5692:
5684:
5683:
5679:
5669:
5667:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5644:
5642:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5619:
5617:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5569:
5567:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5519:
5517:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5469:
5467:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5423:
5421:
5420:. 22 April 2014
5410:
5409:
5402:
5392:
5390:
5385:
5384:
5377:
5367:
5365:
5364:. 21 April 2014
5356:
5355:
5348:
5338:
5336:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5246:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5203:
5199:
5186:
5182:
5172:
5170:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5144:
5140:
5130:
5128:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5103:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4980:
4978:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4940:
4930:
4928:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4806:
4804:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4781:
4779:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4679:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4656:
4654:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4629:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4606:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4579:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4500:CBS Interactive
4487:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4413:. 26 March 2020
4405:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4333:. 28 March 2018
4325:
4324:
4320:
4310:
4308:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4263:
4261:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4234:
4232:
4220:
4219:
4212:
4202:
4200:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4054:CBS Interactive
4043:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3597:
3596:
3587:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3496:Shamah, David.
3495:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3332:on 10 July 2011
3320:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3186:
3136:
3085:
3055:
3035:
3005:
2964:
2935:
2918:
2867:
2805:
2773:
2747:
2722:
2702:
2655:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2601:
2597:
2572:
2531:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2475:
2458:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2413:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2369:
2358:
2352:
2336:
2308:
2297:), because the
2243:
2238:
2228:Mac Mini (2023)
2009:
1895:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1864:
1852:
1833:
1782:
1749:
1722:
1641:
1632:
1559:
1553:
1508:Pro Display XDR
1492:Mac mini (2018)
1448:(15-inch, 2016)
1307:
1303:"active" cables
1275:
1259:DisplayPort 1.2
1174:
1027:
1009:
915:
909:
855:
850:
742:
709:
400:
390:Thunderbolt 5:
380:Thunderbolt 4:
370:Thunderbolt 3:
366:DisplayPort 1.2
354:Thunderbolt 1:
343:
270:
247:
198:
192:Up to 6 devices
153:
123:
97:
95:
92:
75:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9900:
9898:
9890:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9872:Intel products
9869:
9864:
9859:
9857:Computer buses
9854:
9844:
9843:
9837:
9836:
9834:
9833:
9820:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9752:
9750:
9746:
9745:
9743:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9726:
9725:
9715:
9713:expansion card
9707:
9702:
9697:
9691:
9689:
9688:Configurations
9685:
9684:
9682:
9681:
9675:
9669:
9663:
9658:
9652:
9646:
9640:
9633:
9631:
9627:
9626:
9624:
9623:
9617:
9615:
9611:
9610:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9567:
9565:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9551:
9550:
9538:
9537:
9536:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9515:
9514:
9508:
9497:
9496:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9469:
9467:
9460:
9454:
9453:
9451:
9450:
9445:
9434:
9433:
9432:
9420:
9415:
9409:
9407:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9308:
9306:
9302:
9301:
9296:
9294:
9293:
9286:
9279:
9271:
9262:
9261:
9259:
9258:
9253:
9247:
9245:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9237:
9231:
9229:
9225:
9224:
9222:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9191:
9190:
9189:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9143:
9141:
9137:
9136:
9134:
9133:
9132:
9131:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9105:
9104:
9096:
9095:
9094:
9093:
9082:
9081:
9080:
9070:
9069:
9068:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9022:
9020:
9016:
9015:
9013:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8950:
8949:
8939:
8934:
8932:D-subminiature
8929:
8924:
8918:
8916:
8912:
8911:
8906:
8904:
8903:
8896:
8889:
8881:
8872:
8871:
8857:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8830:
8825:
8819:
8817:
8813:
8812:
8810:
8809:
8804:
8798:
8796:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8761:Intel HD Audio
8758:
8753:
8751:ADAT Lightpipe
8747:
8745:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8583:
8581:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8573:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8453:
8452:
8445:HyperTransport
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8231:
8229:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8199:Bus contention
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8174:Front-side bus
8171:
8165:
8163:
8159:
8158:
8155:computer buses
8139:
8137:
8136:
8129:
8122:
8114:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8101:
8095:
8093:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8009:
8008:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7967:
7965:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7921:
7919:
7915:
7914:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7845:
7843:
7839:
7838:
7832:
7830:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7799:– Larry Jordan
7794:
7782:
7781:External links
7779:
7778:
7777:
7761:
7742:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7724:
7702:
7690:PC Perspective
7680:
7658:
7637:
7620:Chen, Monica.
7617:
7592:
7560:
7542:
7524:
7506:
7489:
7471:
7453:
7435:
7417:
7395:
7374:
7353:
7331:
7313:
7298:
7272:
7254:
7239:
7220:
7210:Snare (2012).
7202:
7184:
7155:
7129:
7108:
7087:
7058:
7029:
7000:
6979:
6958:
6937:
6911:
6879:
6868:
6857:
6832:
6807:
6795:Tom's Hardware
6781:
6756:
6731:
6706:
6680:
6650:
6624:
6613:. 5 March 2019
6598:
6573:
6545:
6519:
6493:
6468:
6443:
6418:
6392:
6366:
6340:
6308:
6287:
6269:
6257:
6238:
6212:
6194:
6176:
6162:
6148:
6129:
6104:
6079:
6054:
6029:
6004:
5978:
5952:
5926:
5897:
5879:
5852:
5827:
5802:
5777:
5752:
5727:
5702:
5677:
5652:
5627:
5602:
5577:
5552:
5527:
5502:
5477:
5466:. January 2016
5451:
5431:
5400:
5375:
5346:
5324:
5307:
5290:
5287:. 2 June 2015.
5272:
5269:. 2 June 2015.
5254:
5231:
5213:
5197:
5180:
5155:
5138:
5113:
5088:
5063:
5038:
5013:
4988:
4963:
4949:
4938:
4913:
4891:
4862:
4851:. 14 July 2011
4836:
4814:
4789:
4764:
4739:
4714:
4689:
4664:
4639:
4614:
4589:
4559:
4540:
4512:
4480:
4452:
4438:
4424:
4398:
4372:
4344:
4318:
4293:
4271:
4242:
4210:
4182:
4160:
4131:
4099:
4066:
4036:
4004:
3972:
3942:
3916:
3894:
3877:
3844:
3812:
3781:
3767:
3741:
3713:
3685:
3652:
3619:
3585:
3566:
3540:
3514:
3488:
3460:
3432:
3401:
3377:
3343:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2474:
2471:
2351:
2348:
2335:
2332:
2307:
2304:
2295:OS X Mavericks
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2144:Dell Alienware
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2008:
2005:
1909:(4-drive) and
1897:
1896:
1855:
1853:
1846:
1832:
1829:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1721:
1718:
1712:announced the
1665:daisy chaining
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:USB4 PCIe Mode
1628:
1622:featuring two
1555:Main article:
1552:
1549:
1534:Studio Display
1500:Mac Pro (2019)
1400:Dell Alienware
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1335:(allowing for
1274:
1271:
1184:In June 2013,
1176:In June 2013,
1173:
1170:
1156:In July 2011,
1026:
1023:
1008:
1005:
908:
905:
854:
851:
849:
846:
842:optical cables
787:, such as the
777:graphics cards
708:
705:
679:(DP) into two
633:
632:
627:
626:
623:
620:
616:
615:
612:
609:
605:
604:
601:
598:
594:
593:
590:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
572:
571:
568:
565:
561:
560:
557:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
539:
538:
535:
532:
528:
527:
524:
521:
517:
516:
513:
510:
506:
505:
502:
499:
495:
494:
491:
488:
484:
483:
480:
477:
473:
472:
469:
466:
462:
461:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:
444:
440:
439:
436:
433:
429:
428:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
411:
407:
406:
402:
401:
399:
398:
388:
378:
368:
362:
351:
349:
345:
344:
342:
341:
338:
335:
332:
324:
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
305:
304:
293:
289:
288:
281:
277:
276:
272:
271:
269:
268:
262:
255:
253:
249:
248:
246:
245:
242:
238:
236:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
212:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
197:
196:
193:
189:
187:
181:
180:
177:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
152:
151:
144:
136:
134:
130:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
116:
109:
107:
103:
102:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
74:
73:
68:
62:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9899:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9832:
9831:
9822:
9821:
9818:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9786:SFF Committee
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9753:
9751:
9747:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9724:
9721:
9720:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9692:
9690:
9686:
9679:
9676:
9673:
9670:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9656:
9653:
9650:
9647:
9644:
9643:Fibre Channel
9641:
9638:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9628:
9622:
9619:
9618:
9616:
9612:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9568:
9566:
9562:
9556:
9553:
9548:
9544:
9543:
9542:
9539:
9535:
9532:
9531:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9512:
9509:
9506:
9503:
9502:
9501:
9498:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9475:
9474:
9471:
9470:
9468:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9455:
9449:
9446:
9443:
9439:
9435:
9430:
9426:
9425:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9410:
9408:
9404:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9392:Wear leveling
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9309:
9307:
9303:
9299:
9292:
9287:
9285:
9280:
9278:
9273:
9272:
9269:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9248:
9246:
9242:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9228:Visual charts
9226:
9220:
9217:
9215:
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9064:
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9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9031:Component RGB
9029:
9027:
9024:
9023:
9021:
9017:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8983:Digital audio
8981:
8975:
8972:
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8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8948:
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8869:
8855:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8838:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8823:Multidrop bus
8821:
8820:
8818:
8814:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8799:
8797:
8793:
8787:
8784:
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8779:
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8769:
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8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8746:
8742:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8730:External PCIe
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8710:Parallel SCSI
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8675:
8673:
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8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8602:Commodore bus
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8582:
8578:
8571:
8567:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8550:Fibre Channel
8548:
8546:
8543:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
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8233:
8232:
8230:
8226:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8214:Plug and play
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8204:Bus mastering
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8179:Back-side bus
8177:
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7703:
7692:
7691:
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7670:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7647:
7643:
7640:Nilsson, LG.
7638:
7627:
7623:
7618:
7607:on 7 May 2012
7606:
7602:
7598:
7595:Nilsson, LG.
7593:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7570:Nilsson, LG.
7568:
7567:
7564:
7561:
7556:
7552:
7546:
7543:
7538:
7534:
7528:
7525:
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7323:
7317:
7314:
7309:
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7299:
7287:
7286:Thunderspy.io
7283:
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6968:
6962:
6959:
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6941:
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6926:
6922:
6915:
6912:
6900:
6899:Apple Support
6896:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6880:
6877:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6865:B550 VISION D
6861:
6858:
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6833:
6821:
6817:
6811:
6808:
6796:
6792:
6785:
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6716:
6710:
6707:
6695:
6691:
6684:
6681:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6654:
6651:
6639:. 8 July 2020
6638:
6634:
6628:
6625:
6612:
6608:
6602:
6599:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6574:
6562:
6555:
6549:
6546:
6534:. 24 May 2017
6533:
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6507:
6503:
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6494:
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6478:
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6444:
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6419:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6393:
6381:
6377:
6374:Smith, Ryan.
6370:
6367:
6355:
6351:
6348:S, Ganesh T.
6344:
6341:
6325:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6297:
6291:
6288:
6283:
6282:Cable Matters
6279:
6273:
6270:
6266:
6261:
6258:
6253:
6252:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6227:
6226:Apple Insider
6223:
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5210:
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5201:
5198:
5194:
5190:
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5181:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5147:"Thunderbolt"
5145:Apple (2013)
5142:
5139:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5102:
5098:
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4193:
4186:
4183:
4170:
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4148:
4147:
4146:Computerworld
4142:
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4115:
4110:
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4100:
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4015:
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4005:
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3833:
3829:
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3813:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3778:. Global Sei.
3777:
3771:
3768:
3756:. 20 May 2011
3755:
3751:
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3529:
3528:Computerworld
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3205:
3195:
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3169:PCIe x4 Gen 4
3166:
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3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:PCIe x4 Gen 4
3151:
3147:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:PCIe x4 Gen 4
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:PCIe x4 Gen 4
3106:
3102:
3097:Barlow Ridge
3078:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3054:
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2731:Redwood Ridge
2727:
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2207:
2204:
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2180:
2177:
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2162:
2159:
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2141:
2137:
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2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:G-RAID Studio
2065:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2007:Apple devices
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1893:
1890:
1882:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1856:This section
1854:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1748:Two times (64
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1720:Thunderbolt 5
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1680:8K resolution
1676:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1639:Thunderbolt 4
1638:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
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1497:
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1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
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1409:
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1363:
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1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:Alpine Ridge,
1312:
1304:
1300:
1299:USB 3.1 Gen 2
1296:
1287:
1279:
1273:Thunderbolt 3
1272:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1172:Thunderbolt 2
1171:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:released its
1159:
1154:
1151:
1150:developer kit
1146:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:Thunderbolt 1
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:Compatibility
1006:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:active cables
993:
989:
987:
983:
978:
976:
971:
968:
963:
959:
956:
951:
948:
943:
942:
937:
936:
935:Computerworld
930:
928:
922:
920:
914:
906:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
888:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
852:
847:
845:
843:
839:
838:Corning, Inc.
835:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
797:
796:optical fiber
792:
790:
786:
785:onboard video
782:
778:
773:
769:
767:
763:
758:
749:
741:
737:
729:
721:
713:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
628:
624:
621:
617:
613:
610:
606:
602:
599:
595:
591:
588:
584:
580:
577:
573:
569:
566:
562:
558:
555:
551:
547:
544:
540:
536:
533:
529:
525:
523:LSP2R RX
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
503:
501:LSR2P TX
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
478:
474:
470:
467:
463:
459:
456:
452:
448:
445:
441:
437:
434:
430:
426:
423:
419:
415:
412:
408:
403:
397:
393:
389:
387:
383:
379:
377:
376:USB 3.1 Gen 2
373:
369:
367:
363:
361:
357:
353:
352:
346:
339:
336:
333:
330:
326:
325:
319:
311:
306:
302:
298:
290:
286:
278:
273:
267:
263:
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257:
256:
250:
243:
240:
239:
233:
225:
221:
217:
209:
201:
194:
191:
190:
186:
182:
176:
175:Hot pluggable
172:
164:
156:
149:
145:
142:
138:
137:
131:
126:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
104:
86:
78:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
57:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
18:Thunderbolt 3
9862:Fiber optics
9828:
9717:
9661:SATA Express
9387:Trim command
9377:Secure erase
9372:Read disturb
9327:Flash memory
9250:
8927:Binding post
8915:Analog audio
8734:
8355:TURBOchannel
8145:
8077:
8006:AMT versions
7918:Discontinued
7768:
7752:
7717:, retrieved
7709:
7694:. Retrieved
7688:
7672:. Retrieved
7666:
7650:. Retrieved
7646:the original
7629:. Retrieved
7609:. Retrieved
7605:the original
7584:. Retrieved
7580:the original
7563:
7554:
7545:
7536:
7527:
7518:
7509:
7492:
7483:
7474:
7465:
7456:
7447:
7438:
7429:
7420:
7410:Ars Technica
7408:
7398:
7387:
7377:
7368:Ars Technica
7366:
7356:
7344:. Retrieved
7334:
7325:
7316:
7301:
7289:. Retrieved
7285:
7275:
7257:
7242:
7223:
7217:. Black Hat.
7205:
7199:. Black Hat.
7187:
7175:. Retrieved
7165:
7158:
7146:. Retrieved
7142:the original
7132:
7120:. Retrieved
7111:
7099:. Retrieved
7090:
7078:. Retrieved
7074:
7055:. Las Vegas.
7044:
7020:. Retrieved
7016:
6993:30 September
6991:. Retrieved
6982:
6972:30 September
6970:. Retrieved
6961:
6951:30 September
6949:. Retrieved
6940:
6928:. Retrieved
6924:
6914:
6902:. Retrieved
6898:
6871:
6860:
6848:. Retrieved
6844:
6835:
6823:. Retrieved
6820:www.asus.com
6819:
6810:
6798:. Retrieved
6794:
6784:
6772:. Retrieved
6768:
6759:
6747:. Retrieved
6743:
6734:
6722:. Retrieved
6718:
6709:
6697:. Retrieved
6693:
6683:
6671:, retrieved
6662:
6653:
6641:. Retrieved
6636:
6627:
6615:. Retrieved
6610:
6601:
6589:. Retrieved
6585:
6576:
6564:. Retrieved
6560:
6548:
6536:. Retrieved
6531:
6522:
6512:12 September
6510:. Retrieved
6496:
6484:. Retrieved
6480:
6471:
6459:. Retrieved
6455:
6446:
6434:. Retrieved
6430:
6421:
6409:. Retrieved
6404:
6395:
6383:. Retrieved
6379:
6369:
6357:. Retrieved
6353:
6343:
6331:. Retrieved
6324:the original
6311:
6299:. Retrieved
6290:
6281:
6272:
6260:
6250:
6229:. Retrieved
6225:
6215:
6206:
6197:
6188:
6179:
6173:. Black box.
6165:
6159:. Microsoft.
6151:
6138:
6132:
6120:. Retrieved
6116:
6107:
6095:. Retrieved
6091:
6082:
6070:. Retrieved
6066:
6057:
6045:. Retrieved
6041:
6032:
6020:. Retrieved
6016:
6007:
5995:. Retrieved
5990:
5981:
5969:. Retrieved
5965:
5955:
5943:. Retrieved
5939:
5929:
5917:. Retrieved
5914:Ars Technica
5913:
5891:
5882:
5870:. Retrieved
5865:
5855:
5843:. Retrieved
5839:
5830:
5818:. Retrieved
5814:
5805:
5793:. Retrieved
5789:
5780:
5768:. Retrieved
5764:
5755:
5743:. Retrieved
5739:
5730:
5718:. Retrieved
5714:
5705:
5693:. Retrieved
5689:
5680:
5668:. Retrieved
5664:
5655:
5643:. Retrieved
5639:
5630:
5618:. Retrieved
5614:
5605:
5593:. Retrieved
5589:
5580:
5568:. Retrieved
5564:
5555:
5543:. Retrieved
5539:
5530:
5518:. Retrieved
5514:
5505:
5493:. Retrieved
5489:
5480:
5468:. Retrieved
5463:
5454:
5446:
5434:
5422:. Retrieved
5417:Ars Technica
5415:
5391:. Retrieved
5366:. Retrieved
5337:. Retrieved
5327:
5310:
5293:
5284:
5275:
5266:
5257:
5245:. Retrieved
5234:
5225:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5192:
5183:
5171:. Retrieved
5167:
5158:
5150:
5141:
5129:. Retrieved
5125:
5116:
5104:. Retrieved
5100:
5091:
5079:. Retrieved
5075:
5066:
5054:. Retrieved
5050:
5041:
5029:. Retrieved
5025:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
5000:
4991:
4979:. Retrieved
4975:
4966:
4952:
4941:
4929:. Retrieved
4916:
4904:. Retrieved
4894:
4882:. Retrieved
4875:
4865:
4853:. Retrieved
4839:
4827:. Retrieved
4817:
4805:. Retrieved
4801:
4792:
4780:. Retrieved
4776:
4767:
4755:. Retrieved
4751:
4742:
4730:. Retrieved
4726:
4717:
4705:. Retrieved
4701:
4692:
4680:. Retrieved
4676:
4667:
4655:. Retrieved
4651:
4642:
4630:. Retrieved
4626:
4617:
4605:. Retrieved
4601:
4592:
4580:. Retrieved
4576:the original
4562:
4553:
4543:
4531:. Retrieved
4525:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4493:
4483:
4471:. Retrieved
4441:
4427:
4415:. Retrieved
4401:
4389:. Retrieved
4375:
4363:. Retrieved
4356:
4347:
4335:. Retrieved
4321:
4309:. Retrieved
4296:
4284:. Retrieved
4274:
4262:. Retrieved
4252:
4245:
4233:. Retrieved
4228:The Register
4226:
4201:. Retrieved
4195:
4185:
4173:. Retrieved
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4144:
4134:
4122:. Retrieved
4112:
4102:
4090:. Retrieved
4082:
4057:. Retrieved
4049:
4039:
4027:. Retrieved
4017:
4007:
3995:. Retrieved
3985:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3955:
3945:
3935:27 September
3933:. Retrieved
3919:
3911:The Register
3897:
3880:
3868:. Retrieved
3864:the original
3854:
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3825:
3815:
3805:22 September
3803:. Retrieved
3770:
3758:. Retrieved
3754:AppleInsider
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3716:
3704:. Retrieved
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:the original
3665:
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3639:AppleInsider
3637:
3610:. Retrieved
3605:Ars Technica
3603:
3580:Ars Technica
3579:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3553:
3543:
3531:. Retrieved
3527:
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3501:
3491:
3479:. Retrieved
3475:
3451:. Retrieved
3423:. Retrieved
3419:
3392:. Retrieved
3368:. Retrieved
3334:. Retrieved
3330:the original
3218:Computer bus
3175:
3064:Goshen Ridge
2834:Alpine Ridge
2785:Falcon Ridge
2673:
2667:Cactus Ridge
2644:Device only
2465:
2456:
2450:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2407:
2396:
2390:adapter for
2385:
2381:active cable
2367:
2337:
2325:
2321:
2309:
2288:
2244:
2214:
2211:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2134:
2119:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2076:rack mounted
2071:
2067:
2066:(with their
2055:
2052:
2017:
2010:
2000:
1996:
1985:
1970:
1935:
1927:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1885:
1876:
1865:Please help
1860:verification
1857:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:like ASRock
1806:Threadripper
1795:
1786:royalty-free
1783:
1775:
1741:Support for
1730:
1723:
1694:announced a
1689:
1677:
1669:
1658:
1642:
1633:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1560:
1542:
1538:
1424:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1345:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1292:
1264:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1055:
1052:
1041:
1038:
1028:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1001:
994:
990:
979:
972:
967:Corning Inc.
964:
960:
952:
944:
940:
933:
931:
923:
916:
898:
891:
856:
853:Introduction
832:
815:
805:
793:
774:
770:
762:daisy chains
754:
739:
670:
661:
637:
636:
292:Max. current
280:Max. voltage
227:Video signal
211:Audio signal
80:Manufacturer
36:
9718:Thunderbolt
9710:PCI Express
9655:PCI Express
9649:NVM Express
9564:Independent
9458:Controllers
9357:Memory wear
9251:Thunderbolt
9182:DisplayPort
9152:Belling-Lee
8922:Banana plug
8828:CoreConnect
8807:ExpressCard
8735:Thunderbolt
8725:Camera Link
8508:Bus and Tag
8194:Address bus
8189:Control bus
8184:Daisy chain
8078:Thunderbolt
7789:Thunderbolt
7519:vr-zone.com
7122:23 February
6904:6 September
6845:ASUS Global
6699:20 February
6673:20 February
6663:Level1Techs
6591:3 September
6486:6 September
6436:6 September
6411:22 November
6385:22 November
6333:19 February
6122:6 September
6097:6 September
6072:6 September
6047:6 September
6022:20 December
5997:22 November
5966:PC Magazine
5845:6 September
5820:6 September
5795:6 September
5770:6 September
5745:6 September
5720:6 September
5695:6 September
5670:6 September
5645:6 September
5620:6 September
5595:6 September
5570:6 September
5545:6 September
5520:6 September
5495:6 September
5424:19 November
5393:19 November
5368:19 November
5339:24 November
5131:6 September
5106:6 September
5081:6 September
5056:6 September
5031:6 September
5006:6 September
4981:6 September
4807:6 September
4782:6 September
4757:6 September
4732:6 September
4707:6 September
4682:6 September
4657:6 September
4632:6 September
4607:6 September
4582:25 February
4533:25 February
4505:25 February
4435:. CalDigit.
4264:23 February
4256:(YouTube).
4235:25 February
4153:23 February
4092:23 February
4059:28 November
4029:26 February
3997:28 November
3870:23 February
3858:(YouTube).
3837:25 February
3678:27 February
3645:25 February
3612:24 February
3453:21 December
3425:19 November
3394:19 November
3263:MacBook Pro
3223:DisplayPort
3133:Peripheral
3014:Maple Ridge
2944:Titan Ridge
2581:Eagle Ridge
2543:Light Ridge
2473:Controllers
2377:full-duplex
2312:Option ROMs
2255:ExpressCard
2247:PCI Express
2013:MacBook Pro
1997:in addition
1903:MacBook Pro
1743:DisplayPort
1706:MacBook Pro
1699:MacBook Pro
1654:DMA attacks
1602:MacBook Pro
1595:MacBook Air
1485:MacBook Air
1445:MacBook Pro
1438:MacBook Pro
1431:MacBook Pro
1324:4K displays
1320:Titan Ridge
1318:or the new
1238:MacBook Air
1231:MacBook Air
1205:MacBook Pro
1198:MacBook Pro
1117:MacBook Air
1110:MacBook Air
1104:introduced
1086:introduced
1076:Macbook Pro
1069:Macbook Pro
1062:MacBook Pro
1060:introduced
882:PCI Express
824:MacBook Pro
816:Thunderbolt
789:MacBook Air
781:motherboard
707:Description
677:DisplayPort
675:(PCIe) and
673:PCI Express
646:peripherals
638:Thunderbolt
313:Data signal
287:(bus power)
222:converters.
216:DisplayPort
185:Daisy chain
119:ExpressCard
40:Thunderbolt
9846:Categories
9723:USB Type-C
9666:Serial ATA
9630:Interfaces
9596:PMC-Sierra
9312:Encryption
9046:D-Terminal
8954:Audio jack
8681:ACCESS.bus
8580:Peripheral
8380:InfiniBand
8375:HP GSC bus
8169:System bus
7945:Intel Play
7884:Skulltrail
7854:Centrino 2
7836:technology
7719:14 October
7706:"Products"
7696:14 October
7101:21 January
6930:8 November
6925:macReports
6749:9 November
6301:5 February
6207:Linux hint
6189:Anand tech
5872:15 January
4337:28 January
4311:15 October
4124:22 October
4119:Ziff Davis
4024:Ziff Davis
3481:14 January
3305:References
3234:(FireWire)
3082:Computers
3052:Peripheral
3024:compliant
2978:Peripheral
2759:Host only
2711:Host only
2638:Port Ridge
2354:See also:
2340:Thunderspy
2142:and their
2140:XPS Series
1981:BeyondRAID
1913:(6-drive)
1911:Pegasus R6
1907:Pegasus R4
1879:April 2017
1714:Mac Studio
1646:Intel VT-d
1611:featuring
1598:(M1, 2020)
1593:announced
1575:optionally
1514:announced
1483:announced
1454:announced
1429:announced
1229:announced
1214:announced
1196:announced
1188:announced
1048:ACCESS.bus
911:See also:
689:topologies
662:Light Peak
299:(9.9
275:Electrical
115:(FireWire)
106:Superseded
98:2011-02-24
9534:SandForce
9483:Fusion-io
9102:Micro-DVI
8937:Euroblock
8642:Lightning
8592:Atari SIO
8467:SpaceWire
8300:Zorro III
8240:S-100 bus
8235:SS-50 bus
8228:Standards
8148:standards
8141:Technical
8053:Omni-Path
8033:SpeedStep
7879:Ultrabook
7842:Platforms
7769:apple.com
7668:AnandTech
7652:14 August
7626:Digitimes
7555:intel.com
7537:intel.com
7466:intel.com
7448:intel.com
7430:intel.com
7075:The Verge
6532:Techradar
6354:Anandtech
6231:7 January
5470:9 January
5362:MacRumors
5209:MacRumors
5193:AnandTech
5173:1 January
5168:intel.com
4931:22 August
4527:MacRumors
4495:CNet News
4411:Macrumors
4391:8 October
4385:Macrumors
4331:Macrumors
4203:1 October
4083:CNet News
4050:CNet News
3533:26 August
3507:26 August
3370:1 October
3336:17 August
3243:Lightning
3232:IEEE 1394
3094:3.25 - 4
3032:Computers
3002:Computers
2961:Computers
2932:Computers
2674:Cancelled
2517:Features
2466:specified
2443:480
2344:evil maid
2056:Pegasus 2
1673:Intel Evo
1532:released
986:Las Vegas
820:trademark
757:multiplex
693:connector
295:550
252:Connector
113:IEEE 1394
9830:Category
9801:T10/SCSI
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9541:SK Hynix
9511:Indilinx
9423:SK Hynix
9204:Minijack
9198:superMHL
9157:CCJ/EIAJ
9129:Mini-VGA
9090:Mini-DVI
9066:Mini-DIN
8947:Mini-DIN
8868:Category
8843:Wishbone
8816:Embedded
8795:Portable
8715:Profibus
8647:DMX512-A
8533:Parallel
8385:Ethernet
8295:Zorro II
8245:Multibus
8146:de facto
8092:Upcoming
7849:Centrino
7586:30 March
7171:Archived
6694:PC Gamer
6667:archived
5321:. Intel.
5304:. Intel.
5267:Engadget
5247:12 March
5226:Facebook
4906:18 April
4884:13 April
4877:PC World
4554:Engadget
4473:23 April
4417:28 April
4197:EE Times
3987:Engadget
3930:BBC News
3827:Engadget
3559:17 April
3554:MacWorld
3248:DockPort
3206:See also
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3130:JHL9440
3115:JHL9580
3100:2024 Q3
3091:13 × 13
3079:JHL9540
3044:2020 Q4
2846:HDMI 2.0
2842:PCIe 3.0
2680:DSL3510L
2649:DSL3510H
2553:82523EFL
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2436:20
2429:20
2414:40
2370:10
2259:FireWire
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1940:, whose
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1802:YouTuber
1661:USB hubs
1523:iPad Pro
1516:iPad Pro
1498:unveils
1477:iMac Pro
1362:Mac Mini
1252:4K video
1162:Vaio Z21
982:NAB Show
894:Brussels
766:monitors
685:DC power
666:end-user
650:computer
600:HS1RX(N)
589:HS1TX(N)
578:HS1RX(P)
567:HS1TX(P)
468:HS0RX(N)
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435:HS0TX(P)
348:Protocol
283:18
203:External
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9781:SATA-IO
9586:Marvell
9545:Bought
9529:Seagate
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8786:TOSLINK
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8162:General
7964:Current
7894:Galileo
7674:8 April
7631:24 July
7611:24 July
7601:VR-Zone
7576:VR-Zone
7389:9to5Mac
7177:16 July
7022:5 March
6850:21 July
6825:21 July
6800:3 March
6774:4 March
6719:eGPU.io
6643:11 July
6637:PCWorld
6611:PCWorld
6254:, Intel
5971:4 March
5945:4 March
5919:4 March
5868:. Intel
5222:"Intel"
4855:17 July
4825:. Apple
4365:11 June
4358:Twitter
4286:16 June
4175:5 April
3891:YouTube
3799:Corning
3760:16 June
3734:29 June
3706:29 June
3667:VR-Zone
3288:USB 3.0
3067:2020 Q3
3049:JHL8440
3029:JHL8540
3017:2020 Q4
2999:JHL8340
2984:2018 Q1
2975:JHL7440
2958:JHL7540
2947:2018 Q1
2929:JHL7340
2912:JHL6540
2901:JHL6340
2893:2016 Q2
2884:JHL6240
2876:2015 Q1
2861:DSL6340
2850:USB 3.1
2837:2015 Q4
2822:DSL6540
2799:DSL5320
2788:2013 Q3
2767:DSL5520
2753:10 × 10
2741:DSL4410
2716:DSL4510
2696:DSL3310
2689:2012 Q2
2641:2011 Q4
2614:DSL2210
2591:DSL2310
2584:2011 Q1
2566:DSL2510
2546:2010 Q4
2525:82523EF
2512:Release
2509:Family
2425:passive
2279:malware
2251:PC Card
2146:range.
2003:range.
1993:USB 3.0
1929:1
1703:16-inch
1696:14-inch
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866:Mac Pro
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321:Bitrate
148:optical
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83:Various
9806:T11/FC
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9668:(SATA)
9657:(PCIe)
9651:(NVMe)
9639:(AHCI)
9591:Phison
9519:Micron
9500:Kioxia
9442:Kioxia
9413:Micron
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9073:DMS-59
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8781:S/PDIF
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8637:RS-485
8632:RS-423
8627:RS-422
8622:RS-232
8483:ST-506
8440:NVLink
8290:STEbus
8250:Unibus
7899:Edison
7869:Tablet
7346:2 July
7291:11 May
7080:11 May
6744:Asrock
6724:26 May
6617:7 July
6566:7 July
6538:24 May
6461:22 May
6359:16 May
5243:. CNET
4829:10 May
4306:DeLock
4019:PC Mag
3956:PC Pro
3165:DP 2.1
3150:DP 2.1
3120:DP 2.1
3105:DP 2.1
2952:DP 1.4
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2445:Mbit/s
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586:Pin 17
575:Pin 16
564:Pin 15
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553:Pin 14
548:Ground
542:Pin 13
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520:Pin 11
509:Pin 10
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482:Ground
416:Ground
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141:copper
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9700:mSATA
9680:(USB)
9674:(SAS)
9547:Intel
9429:Intel
9219:SCART
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8776:McASP
8744:Audio
8689:SMBus
8685:PMBus
8667:UNI/O
8607:HP-IL
8560:SATAe
8545:ESCON
8518:HIPPI
8350:NuBus
8305:CAMAC
8275:Q-Bus
8270:SMBus
8255:VAXBI
8152:wired
7955:MMC-2
7950:MMC-1
7904:Curie
7834:Intel
7773:Apple
7757:Intel
7714:Intel
7501:(PDF)
7267:Apple
7215:(PDF)
7197:(PDF)
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7049:(PDF)
6557:(PDF)
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6327:(PDF)
6320:(PDF)
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5443:(PDF)
5319:(PDF)
5302:(PDF)
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4467:(PDF)
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3725:(PDF)
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3416:(PDF)
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2989:USB-C
2629:5 × 6
2600:8 × 9
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2501:(mm)
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2283:IOMMU
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1989:LaCie
1977:Drobo
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9645:(FC)
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9214:PDMI
9177:HDMI
9092:бЕхк
8833:AMBA
8771:MADI
8756:AES3
8617:MIDI
8570:NVMe
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7082:2020
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6953:2015
6932:2023
6906:2022
6852:2022
6827:2022
6802:2020
6776:2020
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6726:2019
6701:2019
6675:2019
6645:2020
6619:2019
6593:2019
6568:2019
6540:2017
6514:2023
6488:2022
6463:2024
6438:2022
6413:2021
6387:2021
6361:2020
6335:2021
6303:2021
6233:2020
6124:2022
6099:2022
6074:2022
6049:2022
6024:2021
5999:2021
5973:2019
5947:2019
5940:CNET
5921:2019
5874:2018
5847:2022
5822:2022
5797:2022
5772:2022
5747:2022
5722:2022
5697:2022
5672:2022
5647:2022
5622:2022
5597:2022
5572:2022
5547:2022
5522:2022
5497:2022
5472:2016
5426:2014
5395:2014
5370:2014
5341:2015
5249:2018
5175:2016
5133:2022
5108:2022
5083:2022
5058:2022
5033:2022
5008:2022
4983:2022
4933:2012
4908:2011
4886:2011
4857:2011
4831:2011
4809:2022
4784:2022
4759:2022
4734:2022
4709:2022
4684:2022
4659:2022
4634:2022
4609:2022
4584:2011
4535:2011
4507:2011
4475:2021
4419:2020
4393:2020
4367:2019
4339:2019
4313:2013
4288:2013
4266:2011
4237:2011
4205:2009
4177:2011
4155:2011
4126:2012
4094:2011
4087:CNet
4061:2010
4031:2011
3999:2010
3967:2010
3937:2009
3872:2011
3839:2011
3807:2013
3762:2013
3736:2011
3708:2011
3680:2011
3647:2011
3614:2011
3561:2019
3535:2021
3509:2021
3483:2024
3455:2011
3427:2020
3396:2020
3372:2012
3338:2011
3293:USB4
3283:eGPU
3022:USB4
2970:2.4
2924:2.2
2907:1.7
2734:2013
2609:SFF
2606:1.85
2506:(W)
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2072:5big
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1624:USB4
1617:iMac
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1384:Asus
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1329:PCIe
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1220:iMac
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1139:Macs
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1030:CNET
810:and
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329:Gbit
308:Data
235:Pins
220:HDMI
214:Via
9735:U.3
9730:U.2
9705:M.2
9601:SMI
9505:OCZ
9317:ECC
9256:USB
9194:MHL
9187:mDP
9162:EVC
9147:ADC
9124:VGA
9119:UDI
9109:RCA
9085:DVI
9078:LFH
9061:DIN
9056:DFP
9026:BNC
9010:XLR
8990:BNC
8974:XLR
8959:RCA
8942:DIN
8837:AXI
8766:I²S
8720:USB
8705:D²B
8700:SPI
8695:I3C
8677:I²C
8612:HIL
8597:DCB
8568:or
8555:SSA
8538:SAS
8498:SMD
8493:IPI
8415:AGP
8405:PXI
8395:PCI
8390:UPA
8370:VLB
8360:MCA
8345:VPX
8340:VXS
8335:VXI
8330:VME
8315:LPC
8285:ISA
7909:Evo
7889:NUC
7864:MID
6586:USB
6561:USB
3992:AOL
3889:on
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545:GND
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2725:4
2723:0
2719:?
2705:2
2703:0
2699:?
2683:?
2670:—
2658:4
2656:0
2652:?
2631:0
2627:0
2623:1
2621:0
2617:?
2602:0
2598:0
2594:?
2578:?
2575:2
2573:0
2569:?
2556:?
2534:4
2532:0
2528:?
2522:1
1892:)
1886:(
1881:)
1877:(
1863:.
1752:G
1078:(
301:W
285:V
150:)
143:)
100:)
34:.
20:)
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