111:
332:
31:
2084:
807:
46:
666:
211:
The formation of the
Thuringian kingdom may have had also been influenced by two longer-known tribes more associated with the eastern bank of the lower Elbe river, northeast of Thuringia, because the
266:(or Torcolingi) who were one of the tribes near the middle Danube after the collapse of the empire of Attila, to whom they had apparently all been subject. They are specifically associated with
531:
came. There was a small number of artisans and merchants, mostly trading with the Slavs to the east. The town of Erfurt was the easternmost trading post in
Frankish territory at the time.
507:, the oldest market town in Thuringia with a history going back to the Merovingian period. The economy, especially trade (such as with the Slavs), greatly increased after that.
227:
for example, Tacitus had grouped the Anglii and Varini among the more distant Suebic tribes, living beyond the Elbe, and near a sea where they worshipped a goddess called
492:
took place, alongside the ecclesiastical organisation of their territory, during the early and mid eighth century under
Boniface, who felled their "sacred oak" at
750:
370:
After their conquest, the
Thuringii were placed under Frankish dukes, but they rebelled and had regained their independence by the late seventh century under
857:
339:
The
Thuringii established an empire in the late fifth century. It reached its territorial peak in the first half of the sixth before it was conquered by the
994:
2041:
110:
2059:
298:
record that the
Frankish King married the runaway wife of the King of the Thuringians, but the story may be distorted. (For example, the area of
243:, who were in turn north of the uncultivated lands which lay north of the Danube. Procopius describes a marriage alliance between the Angles of
602:
286:, in his seventh poem, explicitly lists them among the allies who fought under Attila when he entered Gaul in 451. During the reign of
1140:
700:
618:
126:
The
Thuringians do not appear in classical Roman texts under that name, but some have suggested that they were the remnants of the
1102:
850:
692:
2123:
2064:
1272:
2054:
1322:
1127:
987:
347:
women or slaves, perhaps indicating that many
Thuringians took Hunnic wives or Hunnic slaves following the collapse of the
2113:
1203:
558:
The
Thuringii make brief appearances in contemporary Italian sources when their activities affect the land south of the
523:. There was also a larger population of free peasant farmers than in Francia, though there was still a large number of
2133:
2069:
1082:
843:
343:
in 531–532. Examination of
Thuringian grave sites reveal cranial features which suggest the strong presence of
1230:
891:
572:
500:
2087:
1267:
1174:
1167:
1145:
980:
371:
195:" may represent a version of the Germanic word for "home". Ptolemy also for example mentions a people called the
1307:
1292:
1107:
1092:
820:
488:
Christianity had reached the Thuringii in the fifth century, but their exposure to it was limited. Their real
835:
527:. The obligations of serfs there were also generally less oppressive. There were also fewer clergymen before
1422:
1312:
1302:
1297:
1117:
1097:
1054:
931:
926:
777:
610:
2128:
1824:
1257:
1252:
1235:
1179:
1074:
231:. These two tribes are among Germanic groups known to have been found north of the Danube in this period.
1122:
1012:
331:
539:
The history of the Thuringii is best known from the writings concerning their conquerors, the Franks.
1213:
1184:
1087:
951:
515:
The Thuringian nobility, which had an admixture of Frankish, Thuringian, and Saxon blood, was not as
283:
98:
2049:
1262:
936:
916:
825:
351:. There is also evidence from jewellery found in graves that the Thuringians sought marriages with
326:
310:
180:
239:
describes the land of the Varini in the 6th century as being south of the Danes, but north of the
2108:
1432:
1284:
1223:
1112:
1044:
1020:
961:
866:
744:
548:
363:, a large group of Thuringii joined the Lombards on their migration into Italy. The Lombard king
476:. As late as the end of the tenth century, the porcine tribute was still being accepted by the
446:
The Thuringii had a separate identity as late as 785–786, when one of their leading men,
30:
1208:
1059:
1034:
946:
696:
614:
1631:
1003:
870:
540:
489:
439:
291:
176:
70:
66:
1240:
1218:
1162:
1132:
1016:
901:
552:
516:
477:
460:
155:
34:
270:, who later became King of Italy, and are sometimes thought to have formed a part of the
794:. American University Studies, Series IX: History, Vol. 196. New York: Peter Lang, 2000.
458:
codified the Thuringian legal customs (but perhaps did not use them extensively) as the
393:
in the south. Under Martel, the Thuringian dukes' authority was extended over a part of
389:, they were again subject to the Franks and ruled by Frankish dukes, with their seat at
305:
More clearly, correspondence is recorded with a kingdom of Thuringians by Procopius and
204:
The name of the Thuringians appears to be first mentioned in the veterinary treatise of
1914:
1698:
1362:
1049:
956:
787:
767:
682:
386:
382:
375:
216:
168:
74:
179:
mentions neither the Hermunduri nor the Thuringians in his geography, but instead the
145:, suggests a meaning of "descendants of (the duri)". This people were living near the
2118:
2102:
1775:
1673:
1636:
1596:
1462:
1191:
1150:
567:
244:
188:
38:
1367:
1357:
1340:
1157:
581:
455:
406:
197:
686:
1849:
1807:
1730:
1643:
1511:
1501:
1412:
1196:
812:
652:
544:
465:
451:
390:
352:
306:
287:
259:
212:
86:
2026:
1814:
1797:
1745:
1735:
1720:
1688:
1678:
1556:
1506:
1382:
1377:
1345:
1064:
830:
802:
426:
263:
146:
130:
115:
93:
547:, includes the nearest account in time of the fall of the Thuringian Empire.
2021:
2016:
2006:
1844:
1740:
1703:
1693:
1653:
1606:
1601:
1551:
1491:
1417:
1407:
1387:
1350:
1335:
886:
881:
806:
563:
469:
394:
232:
82:
655:, Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West 376-568, p.39, citing B. Schmidt.
45:
17:
69:
who lived in the kingdom of the Thuringians that appeared during the late
1994:
1979:
1959:
1944:
1924:
1899:
1884:
1879:
1859:
1829:
1819:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1586:
1571:
1546:
1526:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1452:
1447:
1437:
1372:
1330:
1039:
941:
528:
430:
356:
314:
299:
295:
205:
78:
2011:
1999:
1989:
1964:
1954:
1949:
1929:
1919:
1894:
1834:
1792:
1765:
1683:
1616:
1611:
1591:
1581:
1536:
1531:
1521:
1516:
1457:
1442:
1392:
921:
896:
520:
493:
447:
398:
364:
267:
228:
184:
172:
150:
2031:
1984:
1969:
1934:
1909:
1874:
1869:
1802:
1787:
1725:
1663:
1648:
1626:
1576:
1566:
1561:
1474:
1469:
1427:
1397:
906:
504:
473:
410:
360:
340:
279:
251:
220:
164:
119:
96:. The name is still used for one of modern Germany's federal states (
89:
792:
The Germanic Realms in Pre-Carolingian Central Europe, 400–750
570:
author, mentions them and speaks of their fall. The seventh-century
92:, and it later came under their influence and Frankish control as a
972:
1904:
1889:
1864:
1854:
1839:
1782:
1750:
1715:
1710:
1668:
1658:
1541:
1402:
1245:
671:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 255.
577:
434:
422:
418:
275:
271:
240:
127:
109:
44:
29:
374:. Towards the end of this century, parts of Thuringia came under
1974:
1621:
911:
559:
524:
414:
402:
348:
344:
255:
160:
50:
976:
839:
468:
imposition, from the province. In the tenth century, under the
27:
Early Germanic people native to Thuringia (now part of Germany)
417:
formed the south-eastern border of Thuringia at the time. The
317:(approx. 466–511), after the downfall of Attila and Odoacer.
688:
Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire
472:, the centre of Thuringian power lay in the north-east, near
737:
History of the Lombards: Translated by William Dudley Foulke
425:
valleys were within it also and it reached as far as the
335:
Europe at the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
784:. 2 vol. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1928.
632:
Thuringians... A Germanic people in central Germania...
464:
and continued to exact a tribute of pigs, presumably a
274:. Other tribes in this region at the time included the
555:, inundates his similar account with various legends.
191:. These may also be connected to later Thuringians. ("
250:
They appear in some lists of the peoples involved in
215:
law code written for them was called the "law of the
85:. The Thuringian kingdom came into conflict with the
2040:
1321:
1283:
1073:
1027:
496:in 724, abolishing the vestiges of their paganism.
262:has also proposed that they may be the same as the
183:, who are described as living just north of the
772:Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056
223:that is the Thuringians". Much earlier, in his
159:, describes their homeland as being where the
988:
851:
8:
429:plain in the north. Its central location in
1019:origin primarily identified as speakers of
367:(590–616) was of Thuringian descent.
302:, now in Belgium, may have been intended.)
995:
981:
973:
858:
844:
836:
749:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
187:mountains in, what is thought to be, the
330:
163:starts, but also having colonies at the
2060:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
607:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
593:
450:, led an abortive insurrection against
742:
208:, written early in the fifth century.
201:, located to the west of the Elbe.)
137:) could represent the same sound as (
7:
247:and the Varni in the sixth century.
739:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
576:mentions a king of the Thuringii,
25:
2083:
2082:
805:
693:University of Pennsylvania Press
503:, began the minting of coins at
81:, a region still known today as
2065:Christianization of Scandinavia
437:, was the reason it became the
359:women. Under the leadership of
133:, the last part of whose name (
2055:Christianization of the Franks
1128:Continental Germanic mythology
605:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
1:
443:of Boniface's mission work.
401:plateau. The valleys of the
2070:Christianization of Iceland
2150:
774:. New York: Longman, 1991.
601:Buchberger, Erica (2018).
573:Origo Gentis Langobardorum
501:Aribo, Archbishop of Mainz
413:rivers were included. The
324:
141:) and the Germanic suffix
2078:
1010:
877:
1308:North Germanic languages
1293:Germanic parent language
821:List of Germanic peoples
778:Thompson, James Westfall
1313:West Germanic languages
1303:East Germanic languages
1298:Proto-Germanic language
1118:Proto-Germanic folklore
1055:Romano-Germanic culture
869:established around the
735:Peters, Edward (2003).
611:Oxford University Press
580:, as a contemporary of
2124:Early Germanic peoples
665:H. B., Dewing (1962).
484:Ecclesiastical history
336:
167:, and even within the
123:
114:Image from "Battle of
54:
49:Ancient Germanic bone
42:
1123:Anglo-Saxon mythology
1013:Ethnolinguistic group
334:
309:during the reigns of
113:
48:
33:
2114:History of Thuringia
927:Kingdom of the Aurès
887:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
553:tenth-century Saxony
284:Sidonius Apollinaris
41:, 4th/5th century AD
2050:Gothic Christianity
937:Ostrogothic kingdom
826:Barbarian invasions
327:Rulers of Thuringia
311:Theoderic the Great
2134:Barbarian kingdoms
1433:Germani cisrhenani
1141:Funerary practices
1045:Pre-Roman Iron Age
1021:Germanic languages
962:Visigothic kingdom
922:Kingdom of Odoacer
892:Burgundian kingdom
882:Alamannian kingdom
867:Barbarian kingdoms
549:Widukind of Corvey
337:
124:
55:
43:
2096:
2095:
1268:Gothic and Vandal
1060:Germanic Iron Age
1035:Nordic Bronze Age
1017:Northern European
970:
969:
947:Sub-Roman Britain
917:Kingdom of Altava
321:Political history
106:First appearances
16:(Redirected from
2141:
2086:
2085:
2042:Christianization
1632:Ripuarian Franks
1004:Germanic peoples
997:
990:
983:
974:
897:Frankish kingdom
871:Migration Period
860:
853:
846:
837:
815:
810:
809:
755:
754:
748:
740:
732:
726:
723:
717:
714:
708:
706:
679:
673:
672:
662:
656:
650:
644:
641:
635:
634:
629:
627:
598:
541:Gregory of Tours
490:Christianisation
292:Gregory of Tours
177:Claudius Ptolemy
71:Migration Period
21:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2074:
2036:
1317:
1279:
1241:Gothic alphabet
1133:Norse mythology
1069:
1023:
1006:
1001:
971:
966:
952:Suebian kingdom
932:Lombard kingdom
902:Frisian kingdom
873:
864:
811:
804:
801:
788:Schutz, Herbert
768:Reuter, Timothy
764:
759:
758:
741:
734:
733:
729:
724:
720:
715:
711:
703:
683:Goffart, Walter
681:
680:
676:
664:
663:
659:
651:
647:
642:
638:
625:
623:
621:
600:
599:
595:
590:
537:
513:
486:
478:King of Germany
461:Lex Thuringorum
381:By the time of
329:
323:
254:'s invasion of
108:
67:Germanic people
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
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1867:
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1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
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1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1779:
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1768:
1763:
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1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1699:Thracian Goths
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
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1343:
1338:
1327:
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1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
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1278:
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1265:
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1249:
1248:
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1153:
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1138:
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1125:
1120:
1110:
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1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:Roman Iron Age
1047:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1000:
999:
992:
985:
977:
968:
967:
965:
964:
959:
957:Vandal kingdom
954:
949:
944:
942:Rugian kingdom
939:
934:
929:
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919:
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909:
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848:
840:
834:
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828:
823:
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816:
800:
797:
796:
795:
785:
782:Feudal Germany
775:
763:
760:
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756:
727:
718:
709:
701:
674:
657:
645:
636:
619:
592:
591:
589:
586:
536:
535:Historiography
533:
512:
511:Social history
509:
499:In the 1020s,
485:
482:
387:Saint Boniface
383:Charles Martel
322:
319:
313:(454–526) and
169:Roman province
107:
104:
75:Harz Mountains
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2146:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:German tribes
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
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2106:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
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1986:
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1981:
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1971:
1968:
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1963:
1961:
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1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
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1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
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1886:
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1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
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1863:
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1856:
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1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
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1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
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1789:
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1772:
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1767:
1764:
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1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:Crimean Goths
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:Salian Franks
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
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19:
1939:
1368:Anglo-Saxons
1358:Adrabaecampi
1341:Bucinobantes
1083:Architecture
791:
781:
771:
736:
730:
725:Schutz, 411.
721:
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687:
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643:Schutz, 402.
639:
631:
624:. Retrieved
606:
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582:Theudebert I
571:
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380:
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249:
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198:Bainochaimai
196:
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154:
142:
138:
134:
125:
99:Bundesländer
97:
62:
58:
56:
1808:Nahanarvali
1731:Hilleviones
1644:Frisiavones
1512:Cananefates
1502:Burgundians
1413:Banochaemae
1263:Anglo-Saxon
1214:Anglo-Saxon
1180:Anglo-Saxon
1163:Anglo-Saxon
1146:Anglo-Saxon
813:Harz portal
653:Guy Halsall
626:January 26,
545:Gallo-Roman
519:as that of
466:Merovingian
452:Charlemagne
353:Ostrogothic
307:Cassiodorus
288:Childeric I
260:Walter Pohl
237:Gothic Wars
213:Carolingian
87:Merovingian
77:of central
63:Thuringians
53:, Thuringia
18:Thuringians
2103:Categories
2027:Vinoviloth
1815:Marcomanni
1798:Helveconae
1776:Heaðobards
1746:Istvaeones
1736:Ingaevones
1721:Hermunduri
1689:Ostrogoths
1679:Greuthungi
1557:Chattuarii
1383:Angrivarii
1378:Ampsivarii
1346:Lentienses
1175:Literature
1065:Viking Age
831:Turcilingi
325:See also:
264:Turcilingi
147:Marcomanni
131:Hermanduri
116:Hermunduri
94:stem duchy
39:Mühlhausen
2109:Thuringii
2022:Vidivarii
2017:Victohali
2007:Vangiones
1940:Thuringii
1845:Nuithones
1741:Irminones
1704:Visigoths
1694:Thervingi
1654:Gambrivii
1607:Dulgubnii
1602:Dauciones
1552:Chasuarii
1492:Brondings
1418:Bastarnae
1408:Baiuvarii
1388:Armalausi
1351:Raetovari
1285:Languages
1253:Symbology
1113:Folklore
1108:Festivals
745:cite book
668:Procopius
564:Procopius
470:Ottonians
395:Austrasia
233:Procopius
153:, in his
83:Thuringia
59:Thuringii
37:found in
2088:Category
1995:Hasdingi
1980:Usipetes
1960:Tubantes
1945:Toxandri
1925:Tencteri
1900:Suarines
1885:Sicambri
1880:Semnones
1860:Reudigni
1830:Mattiaci
1820:Marsacii
1771:Lombards
1761:Lacringi
1756:Juthungi
1587:Corconti
1572:Cherusci
1547:Charudes
1527:Chaedini
1497:Bructeri
1482:Bateinoi
1453:Eburones
1448:Condrusi
1443:Caeroesi
1438:Atuatuci
1373:Ambrones
1336:Brisgavi
1331:Alemanni
1209:Paganism
1098:Clothing
1093:Calendar
1040:Germania
799:See also
685:(2006).
529:Boniface
431:Germania
399:Bavarian
397:and the
391:Würzburg
315:Clovis I
300:Tongeren
296:Fredegar
278:and the
225:Germania
206:Vegetius
156:Germania
79:Germania
2012:Varisci
2000:Silingi
1990:Vandals
1965:Tulingi
1955:Triboci
1950:Treveri
1930:Teutons
1920:Taifals
1895:Sitones
1835:Nemetes
1793:Helisii
1766:Lemovii
1684:Gutones
1617:Firaesi
1612:Favonae
1592:Cugerni
1582:Cobandi
1537:Chamavi
1532:Chaemae
1522:Casuari
1517:Caritni
1487:Betasii
1458:Paemani
1393:Auiones
1258:Warfare
1236:Scripts
1204:Numbers
1028:History
762:Sources
521:Francia
494:Geismar
448:Hardrad
365:Agilulf
357:Lombard
268:Odoacer
245:Britain
235:in his
229:Nerthus
193:Chaemae
185:Sudetes
173:Rhaetia
151:Tacitus
122:", 1717
65:were a
2032:Warini
1985:Vagoth
1970:Tungri
1935:Thelir
1915:Swedes
1910:Sunici
1875:Saxons
1870:Rugini
1803:Manimi
1788:Diduni
1726:Heruli
1664:Gepids
1649:Frisii
1627:Franks
1577:Cimbri
1567:Chauci
1562:Chatti
1475:Nervii
1470:Morini
1428:Belgae
1423:Batavi
1398:Avarpi
1363:Angles
1323:Groups
1273:Viking
1219:Gothic
1197:Gothic
1103:Family
699:
617:
566:, the
517:landed
505:Erfurt
474:Erfurt
454:. The
411:Neckar
409:, and
378:rule.
372:Radulf
361:Alboin
345:Hunnic
341:Franks
280:Heruls
252:Attila
221:Varini
217:Angles
165:Danube
139:-thuri
128:Suebic
120:Chatti
90:Franks
35:Fibula
1905:Suebi
1890:Sciri
1865:Rugii
1855:Quadi
1840:Njars
1825:Marsi
1783:Lugii
1751:Jutes
1716:Harii
1711:Gutes
1669:Goths
1659:Geats
1597:Danes
1542:Chali
1463:Segni
1403:Baemi
1246:Runes
1231:Rings
1224:Norse
1192:Names
1185:Norse
1168:Norse
1151:Norse
707:p.216
588:Notes
578:Fisud
525:serfs
435:Rhine
427:Saxon
423:Fulda
419:Werra
376:Saxon
276:Rugii
272:Sciri
241:Slavs
135:-duri
61:, or
2119:Harz
1975:Ubii
1622:Fosi
1507:Buri
751:link
697:ISBN
628:2020
615:ISBN
560:Alps
543:, a
421:and
415:Naab
407:Main
403:Lahn
385:and
355:and
294:and
256:Gaul
219:and
161:Elbe
143:-ing
118:and
57:The
51:comb
1850:Osi
1158:Law
1088:Art
1015:of
171:of
102:).
2105::
790:.
780:.
770:.
747:}}
743:{{
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258:.
175:.
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1135:)
996:e
989:t
982:v
859:e
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753:)
705:.
20:)
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