59:-based method for scaling-dominance matrices. Even though the theory behind this method is quite complex (Thurstone, 1927a), the algorithm itself is straightforward. For the basic Case V, the frequency dominance matrix is translated into proportions and interfaced with the standard scores. The scale is then obtained as a left-adjusted column marginal average of this standard score matrix (Thurstone, 1927b). The underlying rationale for the method and basis for the measurement of the "psychological scale separation between any two stimuli" derives from Thurstone's
138:
43:. Today it is used to measure attitudes towards a wide variety of issues. The technique uses a number of statements about a particular issue, and each statement is given a numerical value indicating how favorable or unfavorable it is judged to be. These numerical values are prepared ahead of time by the researcher and not shown to the test subjects. The subjects then check each of the statements with which they agree, and a
75:
Since the omission of such extreme values leaves empty cells in the Z matrix, the averaging procedure for arriving at the scale values cannot be applied, and an elaborate procedure for the estimation of unknown parameters is usually employed (Edwards, 1957, pp. 42–46). An alternative solution of
66:
The principal difficulty with this algorithm is its indeterminacy with respect to one-zero proportions, which return z values as plus or minus infinity, respectively. The inability of the pair comparisons algorithm to handle these cases imposes considerable limits on the applicability of the method.
83:
or unfolding models such as the
Hyperbolic Cosine Model (HCM) (Andrich & Luo, 1993). The Rasch model has a close conceptual relationship to Thurstone's law of comparative judgment (Andrich, 1978), the principal difference being that it directly incorporates a person parameter. Also, the Rasch
70:
The most frequent recourse when the 1.00-0.00 frequencies are encountered is their omission. Thus, e.g., Guilford (1954, p. 163) has recommended not using proportions more extreme than .977 or .023, and
Edwards (1957, pp. 41–42) has suggested that
73:“if the number of judges is large, say 200 or more, then we might use pij values of .99 and .01, but with less than 200 judges, it is probably better to disregard all comparative judgments for which pij is greater than .98 or less than .02."’
246:
251:
Krus, D.J., Sherman, J.L., & Kennedy, P.H. (1977) Changing values over the last half-century: the story of
Thurstone's crime scales. Psychological Reports, 40, 207-211
159:
292:
79:
With later developments in psychometric theory, it has become possible to employ direct methods of scaling such as application of the
252:
222:
181:
297:
60:
152:
146:
207:
Andrich, D. & Luo, G. (1993) A hyperbolic cosine model for unfolding dichotomous single-stimulus responses.
163:
287:
241:
Krus, D.J., & Kennedy, P.H. (1977) Normal scaling of dominance matrices: The domain-referenced model.
116:
32:
125:
36:
56:
200:
Andrich, D. (1978b) Relationships between the
Thurstone and Rasch approaches to item scaling.
218:
93:
119: – measurement scale designed to measure a person's subjective perception of, and affect
107: – Single, ordinal psychometric scale, allowing original observations to be reproduced.
98:
84:
model takes the form of a logistic function rather than a cumulative normal function.
281:
217:, 'The Practice of Social Research', 10th edition, Wadsworth, Thomson Learning Inc.,
104:
101: – Scale measuring a person's willingness to engage with various types of people
110:
214:
80:
20:
264:
Thurstone, L. L. (1927b) The method of paired comparisons for social values.
24:
55:
Thurstone's method of pair comparisons can be considered a prototype of a
47:
score of those statements' values is computed, indicating their attitude.
40:
44:
131:
39:
in 1928, originally as a means of measuring attitudes towards
257:
Thurstone, L. L. (1927a) A Law of comparative judgment.
76:
this problem was suggested by Krus and
Kennedy (1977).
271:
Thurstone, L. L. (1928). Attitudes can be measured.
121:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
31:was the first formal technique to measure an
16:First formal technique to measure an attitude
8:
273:American Journal of Sociology, 33, 529-54.
266:Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,
243:Educational and Psychological Measurement,
229:Techniques of attitude scale construction.
231:New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts, 1957.
182:Learn how and when to remove this message
145:This article includes a list of general
128: – Plot used in psychodrama groups
113: – Psychometric measurement scale
7:
151:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
209:Applied Psychological Measurement
202:Applied Psychological Measurement
136:
1:
238:New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954.
61:Law of comparative judgment
314:
293:Questionnaire construction
166:more precise citations.
63:(Thurstone, 1928). ASU
35:. It was developed by
259:Psychological Review,
236:Psychometric methods.
117:Semantic differential
126:Diamond of opposites
37:Louis Leon Thurstone
57:normal distribution
298:Survey methodology
253:(Request reprint).
247:(Request reprint).
192:
191:
184:
94:Thurstonian model
305:
234:Guilford, J. P.
187:
180:
176:
173:
167:
162:this article by
153:inline citations
140:
139:
132:
122:
313:
312:
308:
307:
306:
304:
303:
302:
278:
277:
227:Edwards, A. L.
197:
188:
177:
171:
168:
158:Please help to
157:
141:
137:
120:
90:
53:
51:Thurstone scale
29:Thurstone scale
17:
12:
11:
5:
311:
309:
301:
300:
295:
290:
280:
279:
276:
275:
269:
262:
255:
249:
239:
232:
225:
212:
211:, 17, 253-276.
205:
196:
193:
190:
189:
144:
142:
135:
130:
129:
123:
114:
108:
102:
99:Bogardus scale
96:
89:
86:
52:
49:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
310:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
288:Psychometrics
286:
285:
283:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
256:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
226:
224:
223:0-534-62029-9
220:
216:
213:
210:
206:
204:, 2, 449-460.
203:
199:
198:
194:
186:
183:
175:
165:
161:
155:
154:
148:
143:
134:
133:
127:
124:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:Guttman scale
103:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
87:
85:
82:
77:
74:
68:
64:
62:
58:
50:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
272:
268:21, 384-400.
265:
261:34, 273-286.
258:
245:37, 189-193
242:
235:
228:
208:
201:
178:
169:
150:
111:Likert scale
78:
72:
69:
65:
54:
28:
18:
172:August 2010
164:introducing
81:Rasch model
282:Categories
215:Babbie, E.
195:References
147:references
21:psychology
25:sociology
88:See also
41:religion
33:attitude
160:improve
221:
149:, but
27:, the
219:ISBN
45:mean
23:and
19:In
284::
185:)
179:(
174:)
170:(
156:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.