707:
245:(TDRSS) in concept. The system is designed to support near-real-time communications between orbiting spacecraft and ground control, as well as complement the ground-based space tracking and telemetry stations and ships in tracking spacecraft. This is necessary because ground stations can only maintain contact with a satellite while it is overhead. Positioning multiple satellites in
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ensures that the ground station and satellite are both always in view of at least one relay satellite, allowing for constant communication between the ground station and target satellite. The system provides data relay services for crewed
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Tianlian is used to provide real-time communications between orbiting satellites and ground control stations. The
Chinese tracking and data relay satellites were developed by the
313:. The second generation system greatly improves data transmission rates and its multi-targeting ability. This in turn improves spacecraft operational safety and flexibility.
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on 25 April 2008. With the launch of
Tianlian I-03, a spacecraft could be tracked for 70% of its orbit, compared to only 15% without the constellation.
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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229:. The system currently consists of seven satellites in two generations, with the first satellite being launched in 2008.
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constellation. The constellation serves to relay data from ground stations to spacecraft and rockets, most significantly
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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is the second generation of the constellation and currently consists of 3 satellites based on the
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892:"Chinese data relay satellite TianLian-1C is launched successfully on a Long March 3C"
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817:"China's relay satellites facilitate clear, smooth space-ground communication"
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262:, and interplanetary missions. All satellites were launched from the
1096:"China successfully launches second generation data relay satellite"
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995:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
963:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
931:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
802:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2248:
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1971:
1701:
1166:
723:- Chinese Data Relay satellite for lunar communication
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1745:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
1146:"Union of Concerned Scientists Satellite Database"
65:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
4271:Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
846:"Chinese data relay spacecraft put into orbit"
277:consists of five satellites, all based on the
3493:
3241:
2774:
1713:
1178:
1011:"China blasts off first data relay satellite"
8:
1117:
1115:
1113:
32:
288:, was launched on the maiden flight of the
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3486:
3478:
3312:
3248:
3234:
3226:
2830:
2781:
2767:
2759:
2335:
1982:
1968:
1764:
1740:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
1720:
1706:
1698:
1185:
1171:
1163:
4301:Spacecraft launched by Long March rockets
4296:Inter-satellite communications satellites
729:- Mission control for deep space missions
241:(CAST) and it is similar to the American
2811:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
2682:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
1755:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
733:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
320:
243:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
76:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
27:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
4276:Communications satellite constellations
3111:Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center
2806:Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center
772:
31:
867:Li, Guoli; Wang, Ran (21 July 2020).
284:. The first satellite of the series,
7:
2749:. Failed missions marked with † sign
1049:"Satellite launch completes network"
266:and operate in geostationary orbit.
4281:Communications satellites of China
2586:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
978:"Display: Tianlian 1-04 2016-072A"
946:"Display: Tianlian 1-03 2012-040A"
914:"Display: Tianlian 1-02 2011-032A"
781:"Display: Tianlian 2-01 2019-017A"
745:Indian Data Relay Satellite System
227:China's crewed spaceflight program
223:data relay communication satellite
25:
1529:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
239:China Academy of Space Technology
46:China Academy of Space Technology
1479:Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy
990:
958:
926:
871:(in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency
797:
705:
691:
3121:Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
844:Stephen Clark (25 April 2008).
264:Xichang Satellite Launch Center
869:"我国天基测控系统团队完成多项技术状态准备静待天问一号发射"
1:
2458:Space laboratories and cargos
1283:Communication and engineering
1047:Xin Dingding (27 July 2012).
1956:(interplanetary exploration)
4291:Spacecraft launched in 2019
4286:Spacecraft launched in 2008
1404:Satellite navigation system
1374:Data relay satellite system
1009:Yan Liang (25 April 2008).
890:David Todd (26 July 2012).
4317:
3210:indicates current missions
3116:Wenchang Space Launch Site
2790:China Manned Space Program
2745:Future missions marked in
2448:List of Chinese astronauts
751:European Data Relay System
727:Chinese Deep Space Network
562:
365:
4246:Satellites orbiting Earth
4221:
3216:indicates future missions
3203:
2801:China Manned Space Agency
2796:
2741:
1967:
1763:
1750:China Manned Space Agency
1735:
1684:
1126:. Jonathan's Space Report
196:
135:
131:
127:
85:
81:
37:
3257:Satellite constellations
3163:Shuguang Group 1970 list
1430:Astronomical observation
1013:. Xinhua. Archived from
614:13 December 2021, 16:09
493:22 November 2016, 15:24
329:Simplified Chinese Name
3190:Yuan Wang tracking ship
757:Inter-satellite service
3158:Chinese women in space
3046:Tiangong space station
2534:Tiangong space station
1395:Tianlian Constellation
260:Tiangong space station
2232:Space Solar Telescope
1973:Projects and missions
1729:Chinese space program
1686:Future spacecraft in
1603:Planetary exploration
1148:. UCS. 1 January 2021
1071:"中国成功发射"天链二号01星"-中新网"
576:31 March 2019, 15:51
379:25 April 2008, 15:35
3516:Orbital launches in
2339:Uncrewed expeditions
1923:Exploration programs
1122:McDowell, Jonathan.
1098:. The Economic Times
741:- Russian equivalent
652:12 July 2022, 16:30
455:25 July 2012, 15:43
417:11 July 2011, 15:41
4256:2019 in spaceflight
4251:2008 in spaceflight
2733:Lanyue Lunar Lander
1944:(lunar exploration)
1938:(human spaceflight)
980:. NASA. 14 May 2020
948:. NASA. 14 May 2020
916:. NASA. 14 May 2020
785:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
762:Shenzhou spacecraft
747:- Indian equivalent
531:6 July 2021, 15:53
322:
247:geostationary orbit
211:Traditional Chinese
111:- second generation
34:
3095:Feitian space suit
2596:Telecommunications
2375:Crewed expeditions
1194:Chinese spacecraft
1036:我国成功发射首颗数据中继卫星(组图)
822:Xinhua News Agency
699:Spaceflight portal
321:
207:Simplified Chinese
105:- first generation
4233:
4232:
3737:CUTE-1.7 + APD II
3475:
3474:
3443:
3442:
3223:
3222:
2959:Tianzhou missions
2954:
2953:
2827:Shenzhou missions
2756:
2755:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2323:
2322:
2242:Earth observation
1986:Planetary science
1963:
1962:
1771:and landing sites
1695:
1694:
1522:Lunar exploration
1201:Earth observation
848:. Spaceflight Now
682:
681:
564:Second Generation
200:
199:
192:
178:
53:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
4308:
4266:Shenzhou program
4129:Shiyan Weixing 3
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3479:
3313:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3227:
3168:China Group 1996
3021:Tiangong program
2831:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
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2702:
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2663:
2655:
2647:
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2136:
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2116:
2106:
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2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2014:
2005:
1997:
1983:
1969:
1895:(In development)
1889:(In development)
1765:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1486:(joint with ESA)
1210:(joint with ESA)
1187:
1180:
1173:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
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1083:
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1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
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1044:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1017:on 29 April 2008
1006:
1000:
994:
993:
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987:
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974:
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904:
903:
901:
899:
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881:
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858:
857:
855:
853:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
813:
807:
801:
800:
796:
794:
792:
777:
753:- ESA equivalent
715:
710:
709:
708:
701:
696:
695:
694:
367:First Generation
323:
217:) also known as
190:
176:
35:
21:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4236:
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4229:
4224:
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3986:
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3711:
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3517:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3476:
3471:
3439:
3418:
3377:
3302:
3259:
3254:
3224:
3219:
3199:
3173:Chinese Group 1
3131:
3126:Siziwang Banner
3099:
3051:
3039:
3009:
2950:
2865:
2822:
2792:
2787:
2757:
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2737:
2721:
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2708:
2700:
2692:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2666:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2611:Chinasat Series
2605:
2591:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2528:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
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2453:
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2330:
2319:
2314:
2304:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2237:
2225:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2003:
1995:
1974:
1959:
1950:(space station)
1918:
1809:Launch vehicles
1803:
1798:Siziwang Banner
1759:
1731:
1726:
1696:
1691:
1680:
1664:Microsatellites
1659:
1598:
1517:
1425:
1399:
1369:
1278:
1196:
1191:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1139:
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1127:
1121:
1120:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1094:
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1089:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1008:
1007:
1003:
991:
983:
981:
976:
975:
971:
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949:
944:
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927:
919:
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911:
907:
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895:
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866:
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851:
849:
843:
842:
838:
828:
826:
815:
814:
810:
798:
790:
788:
779:
778:
774:
770:
735:- US equivalent
711:
706:
704:
697:
692:
690:
687:
646:Tianlian II-03
608:Tianlian II-02
570:Tianlian II-01
549:106.2653° East
339:Carrier Rocket
319:
301:
272:
254:missions, from
235:
221:, is a Chinese
213:: 天鏈, English:
189:
175:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4314:
4312:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4238:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4226:Crewed flights
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4202:
4197:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4160:Progress M-01M
4157:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4092:
4082:
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4070:
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4062:
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4057:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4037:
4024:
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4014:
4009:
4004:
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3992:
3988:
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3984:
3963:
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3897:
3887:
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3877:
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3867:
3842:
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3828:
3822:
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3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3800:
3795:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3626:Spacelab MD002
3609:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3550:Ekspress AM-33
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3523:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3414:Thousand Sails
3411:
3406:
3404:Kuiper Systems
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:(landing site)
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3017:
3015:
3014:Space stations
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2717:(2016–present)
2711:
2709:(1971–present)
2706:Shijian Series
2703:
2701:(2016–present)
2695:
2687:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2662:(2024–present)
2656:
2654:(2024–present)
2648:
2646:(2019–present)
2640:
2638:(2008–present)
2632:
2630:(2024–present)
2627:Tiandu 1 and 2
2624:
2622:(2018–present)
2616:
2614:(1994–present)
2608:
2606:(1994–present)
2599:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2562:(2022–present)
2556:
2554:(2022–present)
2548:
2546:(2021–present)
2539:
2537:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2305:(1999–present)
2294:
2292:(2006–present)
2286:
2284:(2016–present)
2278:
2276:(2002–present)
2273:Haiyang Series
2270:
2268:(2013–present)
2262:
2254:
2252:(2018–present)
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2218:
2210:
2205:Einstein Probe
2202:
2200:(2022–present)
2194:
2192:(2021–present)
2186:
2184:(2020–present)
2178:
2176:(2017–present)
2170:
2168:(2015–present)
2161:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2127:
2117:
2107:
2097:
2087:
2079:
2077:(2021–present)
2071:
2069:(2020–present)
2063:
2061:(2020–present)
2055:
2053:(2018–present)
2047:
2045:(2018–present)
2039:
2031:
2029:(2014–present)
2023:
2021:(2013–present)
2015:
2006:
2004:(2010–present)
1998:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1800:(landing site)
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1484:Einstein Probe
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1390:Tiandu 1 and 2
1387:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1290:Dong Fang Hong
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1137:
1109:
1087:
1062:
1039:
1028:
1001:
969:
937:
905:
894:. Flightglobal
882:
859:
836:
825:. 24 June 2021
808:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
759:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
717:
716:
702:
686:
683:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
668:
663:
658:
653:
650:
647:
643:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
625:
620:
615:
612:
609:
605:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
587:
582:
577:
574:
571:
567:
566:
560:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
542:
537:
532:
529:
526:
525:Tianlian I-05
522:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
504:
499:
494:
491:
488:
487:Tianlian I-04
484:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
466:
461:
456:
453:
450:
449:Tianlian I-03
446:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
428:
423:
418:
415:
412:
411:Tianlian I-02
408:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
390:
385:
380:
377:
374:
373:Tianlian I-01
370:
369:
363:
362:
357:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
330:
327:
318:
315:
300:
297:
293:launch vehicle
271:
268:
234:
231:
198:
197:
194:
193:
187:Tianlian II-03
184:
180:
179:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
113:
112:
106:
98:
92:
91:
90:Specifications
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
43:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4313:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4227:
4220:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4150:Leonardo MPLM
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:Chuang Xin 1B
4123:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4085:Chandrayaan-1
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Progress M-65
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3961:Inmarsat-4 F3
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:Progress M-64
3769:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Tianlian I-01
3692:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3566:Progress M-63
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3511:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:Communication
3305:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2674:demonstrators
2669:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2603:Apstar Series
2601:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2297:Ziyuan Series
2295:
2290:
2289:Yaogan Series
2287:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2265:Gaofen Series
2263:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2155:Astronomy and
2152:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2074:Zhurong rover
2072:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:Long March 12
1902:
1900:
1899:Long March 11
1897:
1894:
1893:Long March 10
1891:
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1051:. China Daily
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659:
657:
656:Long March 3B
654:
651:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
634:
632:171.04° East
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
618:Long March 3B
616:
613:
610:
607:
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602:
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580:Long March 3B
578:
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569:
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533:
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497:Long March 3C
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459:Long March 3C
457:
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451:
448:
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443:
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435:176.72° East
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
421:Long March 3C
419:
416:
413:
410:
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402:
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383:Long March 3C
381:
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328:
325:
324:
316:
314:
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311:satellite bus
309:
305:
298:
296:
294:
291:
290:Long March 3C
287:
286:Tianlian I-01
283:
282:satellite bus
280:
276:
269:
267:
265:
261:
258:onwards, the
257:
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244:
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232:
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212:
208:
204:
195:
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177:25 April 2008
174:
173:Tianlian I-01
171:
169:Maiden launch
167:
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147:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
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122:Geostationary
120:
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40:
36:
30:
19:
18:Tianlian I-05
4225:
4195:Eutelsat W2M
4143:
4074:Soyuz TMA-13
4072:
4039:
4002:Huan Jing 1B
3998:Huan Jing 1A
3953:
3945:Superbird-C2
3925:
3870:OSTM/Jason-2
3865:Orbcomm FM41
3861:Orbcomm FM40
3857:Orbcomm FM39
3853:Orbcomm FM38
3849:Orbcomm FM37
3845:Orbcomm FM29
3802:
3693:
3669:Soyuz TMA-12
3667:
3611:
3604:
3570:
3357:
3213:
3207:
3044:
3002:
2995:
2943:
2936:
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2230:
2220:
2139:
2129:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2050:Yutu-2 rover
2026:Chang'e 5-T1
1887:Long March 9
1882:Long March 8
1877:Long March 7
1872:Long March 6
1867:Long March 5
1847:Long March 4
1827:Long March 3
1822:Long March 2
1817:Long March 1
1687:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1589:
1582:
1556:Chang'e 5-T1
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1461:
1394:
1150:. Retrieved
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1124:"Launch Log"
1100:. Retrieved
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1042:
1031:
1019:. Retrieved
1015:the original
1004:
982:. Retrieved
972:
950:. Retrieved
940:
918:. Retrieved
908:
896:. Retrieved
885:
873:. Retrieved
862:
850:. Retrieved
839:
827:. Retrieved
820:
811:
789:. Retrieved
784:
775:
713:China portal
563:
511:76.95° East
473:16.86° East
366:
342:Launch Site
303:
302:
285:
274:
273:
236:
218:
214:
202:
201:
191:12 July 2022
72:Applications
42:Manufacturer
29:
4213:Kosmos 2449
4209:Kosmos 2448
4205:Kosmos 2447
4181:Kosmos 2446
4139:Kosmos 2445
4035:Kosmos 2444
4031:Kosmos 2243
4027:Kosmos 2442
3927:Trailblazer
3910:Kosmos 2441
3900:EchoStar XI
3895:ProtoStar 1
3875:Kosmos 2440
3789:Kosmos 2439
3785:Kosmos 2438
3781:Kosmos 2437
3704:Cartosat-2A
3689:Star One C2
3618:Kibō ELM-PS
3605:Jules Verne
3449:Observation
3409:SpaceMobile
3316:Operational
3148:Project 921
2693:(1969–2006)
2690:FSW Program
2643:Tianlian II
2476:(2016–2019)
2468:(2011–2018)
2442:Shenzhou 18
2437:Shenzhou 17
2432:Shenzhou 16
2427:Shenzhou 15
2422:Shenzhou 14
2417:Shenzhou 13
2412:Shenzhou 12
2407:Shenzhou 11
2402:Shenzhou 10
2331:spaceflight
2257:Double Star
2037:(2013–2016)
1932:(cancelled)
1469:Longjiang-2
1208:Double Star
1130:11 December
1102:16 November
1080:16 November
984:11 December
952:11 December
920:11 December
791:16 November
594:79.9° East
397:77.0° East
304:Tianlian II
299:Tianlian II
183:Last launch
161:Operational
4261:Shenzhou 7
4240:Categories
4200:Fengyun 2E
4191:Hot Bird 9
4099:Shijian 6F
4095:Shijian 6E
4041:Shenzhou 7
3931:NanoSail-D
3905:SAR-Lupe 5
3840:Türksat 3A
3826:ChinaSat 9
3798:Fengyun 3A
3652:SAR-Lupe 4
3647:DirecTV-11
3399:O3b mPOWER
3333:Globalstar
3265:Navigation
3073:Long March
3026:Tiangong-1
2966:Tianzhou 1
2877:Shenzhou 5
2841:Shenzhou 1
2816:Taikonauts
2672:Technology
2635:Tianlian I
2579:Navigation
2521:Tianzhou 6
2513:Tianzhou 5
2505:Tianzhou 4
2497:Tianzhou 3
2489:Tianzhou 2
2481:Tianzhou 1
2473:Tiangong 2
2465:Tiangong 1
2397:Shenzhou 9
2392:Shenzhou 7
2387:Shenzhou 6
2382:Shenzhou 5
2366:Shenzhou 8
2361:Shenzhou 4
2356:Shenzhou 3
2351:Shenzhou 2
2346:Shenzhou 1
2034:Yutu rover
1769:Spaceports
1360:Tsinghua-1
1355:Tiantong 1
1335:OlympicSat
768:References
675:2022-078A
638:2021-124A
600:2019-017A
555:2021-063A
517:2016-072A
479:2012-040A
441:2011-032A
403:2008-019A
360:SATCAT no.
348:Longitude
326:Satellite
317:Satellites
275:Tianlian I
270:Tianlian I
256:Shenzhou 7
148:In service
140:Production
4109:Venesat-1
4046:Banxing-1
4022:Galaxy 19
3991:September
3939:Explorers
3836:Skynet 5C
3793:Yubileiny
3776:Galaxy 18
3731:Compass-1
3685:Vinasat-1
3540:Thuraya 3
3435:Teledesic
3423:Abandoned
3208:Underline
2659:Queqiao 2
2260:(2003–07)
2157:cosmology
2141:Tianwen-3
2131:Tianwen-4
2121:Chang'e 8
2111:Chang'e 7
2101:Tianwen-2
2082:Chang'e 6
2066:Chang'e 5
2058:Tianwen-1
2042:Chang'e 4
2018:Chang'e 3
2009:Yinghuo 1
2001:Chang'e 2
1996:(2007–09)
1993:Chang'e 1
1914:Kaituozhe
1654:Tianwen-4
1647:Tianwen-3
1640:Tianwen-2
1620:Tianwen-1
1615:Chang'e 2
1610:Yinghuo-1
1591:Chang'e 8
1584:Chang'e 7
1578:Chang'e 6
1573:Chang'e 5
1561:Chang'e 4
1544:Chang'e 3
1539:Chang'e 2
1534:Chang'e 1
1385:Queqiao 2
1320:ChinaStar
1055:17 August
898:17 August
661:XSLC LC-2
623:XSLC LC-3
585:XSLC LC-3
540:XSLC LC-2
502:XSLC LC-2
464:XSLC LC-2
426:XSLC LC-2
388:XSLC LC-2
355:COSPAR ID
4186:Yaogan 5
4176:Yaogan 4
4169:December
4134:Astra 1M
4118:November
4007:GeoEye-1
3743:Delfi-C3
3713:AAUSat-2
3577:Columbus
3559:February
3467:RapidEye
3462:Pleiades
3430:Celestri
3382:Proposed
3358:Tianlian
3353:Starlink
3195:Mengzhou
3153:Shuguang
3104:Facility
3068:Tianzhou
3063:Shenzhou
3056:Hardware
2834:Uncrewed
2559:Mengtian
1948:Tiangong
1930:Shuguang
1909:Kuaizhou
1788:Wenchang
1671:Fengniao
1421:Beidou-3
1416:BeiDou-2
1411:BeiDou-1
1365:Xiwang 1
1315:ChinaSat
1229:Huanjing
1021:26 April
852:26 April
685:See also
649:天链二号03星
611:天链二号02星
573:天链二号01星
528:天链一号05星
490:天链一号04星
452:天链一号03星
414:天链一号02星
376:天链一号01星
332:Launch (
252:Shenzhou
215:Sky Link
203:Tianlian
153:Launched
61:Operator
33:Tianlian
4145:STS-126
4104:COSMO-3
4061:October
4017:Nimiq-4
3982:Trochia
3809:Kibō PM
3804:STS-124
3749:SEEDS-2
3708:Rubin-8
3699:GIOVE-B
3642:USA-201
3632:USA-200
3613:STS-123
3572:STS-122
3533:January
3348:Orbcomm
3338:Iridium
3283:GLONASS
3278:Galileo
3214:Italics
3183:Group 3
3178:Group 2
3136:Related
2747:italics
2726:Related
2714:XPNAV 1
2651:Qianfan
2619:Queqiao
2551:Wentian
2536:modules
2222:Xuntian
2091:Shensuo
1979:Science
1954:Tianwen
1942:Chang'e
1793:Xichang
1783:Taiyuan
1778:Jiuquan
1688:italics
1633:Shensuo
1625:Zhurong
1505:Xuntian
1474:Queqiao
1381:Queqiao
1350:Sinosat
1345:Shijian
1340:Qianfan
1310:Asiasat
1264:Tianhui
1214:Fengyun
875:23 June
829:29 June
721:Queqiao
672:Active
635:Active
597:Active
552:Active
514:Active
476:Active
438:Active
400:Active
351:Status
233:Mission
4154:PSSC-1
4052:Ratsat
3978:Choros
3966:Tachys
3949:AMC-21
3935:PRESat
3919:August
3891:Badr-6
3755:Amos-3
3725:CanX-6
3719:CanX-2
3680:C/NOFS
3675:ICO G1
3637:AMC-14
3622:Dextre
3588:Kizuna
3583:Thor 5
3545:TecSAR
3525:2009 →
3510:← 2007
3457:Planet
3394:OneWeb
3368:ViaSat
3273:BeiDou
2870:Crewed
2685:(2020)
2543:Tianhe
2524:(2023)
2516:(2022)
2508:(2022)
2500:(2021)
2492:(2021)
2484:(2017)
2315:(2025)
2281:TanSat
2226:(2026)
2216:(2024)
2208:(2023)
2145:(2030)
2135:(2029)
2125:(2028)
2115:(2026)
2105:(2025)
2095:(2024)
2085:(2024)
2013:(2011)
1676:Xinyan
1566:Yutu-2
1300:Apstar
1274:Ziyuan
1269:Yaogan
1259:Tansuo
1254:TanSat
1244:Shiyan
1219:Gaofen
1152:8 July
787:. NASA
678:53100
641:50005
603:44076
558:49011
520:41869
482:38730
444:37737
406:32779
209:: 天链,
145:Status
118:Regime
67:(CASC)
48:(CAST)
4068:THEOS
3974:Choma
3831:Fermi
3661:April
3597:March
3389:IRIS²
3293:IRNSS
2698:QUESS
2588:(BDS)
2329:Human
2311:SMILE
2301:CBERS
2197:ASO-S
2189:CHASE
2181:GECAM
2165:DAMPE
1512:SMILE
1463:Kuafu
1452:GECAM
1447:DAMPE
1442:CHASE
1437:ASO-S
1325:HKSTG
1239:Jilin
666:DFH-4
628:DFH-4
590:DFH-4
545:DFH-3
507:DFH-3
469:DFH-3
431:DFH-3
393:DFH-3
308:DFH-4
279:DFH-3
219:CTDRS
109:DFH-4
103:DFH-3
56:China
4080:IBEX
3970:Mati
3955:Omid
3884:July
3819:June
3518:2008
3363:TDRS
3328:DSCS
3323:BGAN
3298:QZSS
3143:CNSA
2249:CSES
2213:SVOM
2173:HXMT
1549:Yutu
1498:SVOM
1457:HXMT
1383:and
1330:LGSP
1305:APMT
1295:FH-1
1249:SMMS
1154:2021
1132:2020
1104:2020
1082:2020
1057:2012
1023:2008
986:2020
954:2020
922:2020
900:2012
877:2021
854:2008
831:2021
793:2020
739:Luch
345:Bus
4089:MIP
3764:May
3607:ATV
3373:WGS
3343:O3b
3288:GPS
1936:CMS
1491:SST
1224:FSW
334:UTC
96:Bus
4242::
4211:,
4207:,
4193:,
4152:,
4127:,
4097:,
4033:,
4029:,
4000:,
3980:,
3976:,
3972:,
3968:,
3947:,
3937:,
3933:,
3929:,
3893:,
3863:,
3859:,
3855:,
3851:,
3847:,
3838:,
3791:,
3787:,
3783:,
3746:,
3740:,
3734:,
3728:,
3722:,
3716:,
3710:,
3706:,
3687:,
3624:,
3620:,
3088:5B
3078:2F
2945:19
2938:18
2932:17
2927:16
2922:15
2917:14
2912:13
2907:12
2902:11
2897:10
2303:)
2011:†
1234:HY
1112:^
1073:.
819:.
783:.
336:)
4156:)
4148:(
4091:)
4087:(
4048:)
4044:(
3811:)
3807:(
3628:)
3616:(
3579:)
3575:(
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3487:v
3249:e
3242:t
3235:v
3083:7
3037:3
3031:2
3004:8
2997:7
2991:6
2986:5
2981:4
2976:3
2971:2
2892:9
2887:7
2882:6
2861:8
2856:4
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1156:.
1134:.
1106:.
1084:.
1059:.
1025:.
999:.
988:.
967:.
956:.
935:.
924:.
902:.
879:.
856:.
833:.
806:.
795:.
205:(
164:8
156:8
20:)
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