696:
234:(TDRSS) in concept. The system is designed to support near-real-time communications between orbiting spacecraft and ground control, as well as complement the ground-based space tracking and telemetry stations and ships in tracking spacecraft. This is necessary because ground stations can only maintain contact with a satellite while it is overhead. Positioning multiple satellites in
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981:
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917:
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238:
ensures that the ground station and satellite are both always in view of at least one relay satellite, allowing for constant communication between the ground station and target satellite. The system provides data relay services for crewed
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1440:
1084:
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Tianlian is used to provide real-time communications between orbiting satellites and ground control stations. The
Chinese tracking and data relay satellites were developed by the
302:. The second generation system greatly improves data transmission rates and its multi-targeting ability. This in turn improves spacecraft operational safety and flexibility.
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on 25 April 2008. With the launch of
Tianlian I-03, a spacecraft could be tracked for 70% of its orbit, compared to only 15% without the constellation.
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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218:. The system currently consists of seven satellites in two generations, with the first satellite being launched in 2008.
214:
constellation. The constellation serves to relay data from ground stations to spacecraft and rockets, most significantly
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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is the second generation of the constellation and currently consists of 3 satellites based on the
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881:"Chinese data relay satellite TianLian-1C is launched successfully on a Long March 3C"
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806:"China's relay satellites facilitate clear, smooth space-ground communication"
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251:, and interplanetary missions. All satellites were launched from the
1085:"China successfully launches second generation data relay satellite"
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419:
381:
984:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
952:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
920:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
791:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1960:
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1155:
712:- Chinese Data Relay satellite for lunar communication
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2327:
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1974:
1967:
1911:
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1362:
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171:
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83:
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60:
49:
41:
30:
1734:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
1135:"Union of Concerned Scientists Satellite Database"
54:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
4260:Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
835:"Chinese data relay spacecraft put into orbit"
266:consists of five satellites, all based on the
3482:
3230:
2763:
1702:
1167:
1000:"China blasts off first data relay satellite"
8:
1106:
1104:
1102:
21:
277:, was launched on the maiden flight of the
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3475:
3467:
3301:
3237:
3223:
3215:
2819:
2770:
2756:
2748:
2324:
1971:
1957:
1753:
1729:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
1709:
1695:
1687:
1174:
1160:
1152:
4290:Spacecraft launched by Long March rockets
4285:Inter-satellite communications satellites
718:- Mission control for deep space missions
230:(CAST) and it is similar to the American
2800:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
2671:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
1744:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
722:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
309:
232:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
65:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
16:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
4265:Communications satellite constellations
3100:Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center
2795:Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center
761:
20:
856:Li, Guoli; Wang, Ran (21 July 2020).
273:. The first satellite of the series,
7:
2738:. Failed missions marked with † sign
1038:"Satellite launch completes network"
255:and operate in geostationary orbit.
4270:Communications satellites of China
2575:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
967:"Display: Tianlian 1-04 2016-072A"
935:"Display: Tianlian 1-03 2012-040A"
903:"Display: Tianlian 1-02 2011-032A"
770:"Display: Tianlian 2-01 2019-017A"
734:Indian Data Relay Satellite System
216:China's crewed spaceflight program
212:data relay communication satellite
14:
1518:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
228:China Academy of Space Technology
35:China Academy of Space Technology
1468:Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy
979:
947:
915:
860:(in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency
786:
694:
680:
3110:Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
833:Stephen Clark (25 April 2008).
253:Xichang Satellite Launch Center
858:"我国天基测控系统团队完成多项技术状态准备静待天问一号发射"
1:
2447:Space laboratories and cargos
1272:Communication and engineering
1036:Xin Dingding (27 July 2012).
1945:(interplanetary exploration)
4280:Spacecraft launched in 2019
4275:Spacecraft launched in 2008
1393:Satellite navigation system
1363:Data relay satellite system
998:Yan Liang (25 April 2008).
879:David Todd (26 July 2012).
4306:
3199:indicates current missions
3105:Wenchang Space Launch Site
2779:China Manned Space Program
2734:Future missions marked in
2437:List of Chinese astronauts
740:European Data Relay System
716:Chinese Deep Space Network
551:
354:
4235:Satellites orbiting Earth
4210:
3205:indicates future missions
3192:
2790:China Manned Space Agency
2785:
2730:
1956:
1752:
1739:China Manned Space Agency
1724:
1673:
1115:. Jonathan's Space Report
185:
124:
120:
116:
74:
70:
26:
3246:Satellite constellations
3152:Shuguang Group 1970 list
1419:Astronomical observation
1002:. Xinhua. Archived from
603:13 December 2021, 16:09
482:22 November 2016, 15:24
318:Simplified Chinese Name
3179:Yuan Wang tracking ship
746:Inter-satellite service
3147:Chinese women in space
3035:Tiangong space station
2523:Tiangong space station
1384:Tianlian Constellation
249:Tiangong space station
2221:Space Solar Telescope
1962:Projects and missions
1718:Chinese space program
1675:Future spacecraft in
1592:Planetary exploration
1137:. UCS. 1 January 2021
1060:"中国成功发射"天链二号01星"-中新网"
565:31 March 2019, 15:51
368:25 April 2008, 15:35
3505:Orbital launches in
2328:Uncrewed expeditions
1912:Exploration programs
1111:McDowell, Jonathan.
1087:. The Economic Times
730:- Russian equivalent
641:12 July 2022, 16:30
444:25 July 2012, 15:43
406:11 July 2011, 15:41
4245:2019 in spaceflight
4240:2008 in spaceflight
2722:Lanyue Lunar Lander
1933:(lunar exploration)
1927:(human spaceflight)
969:. NASA. 14 May 2020
937:. NASA. 14 May 2020
905:. NASA. 14 May 2020
774:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
751:Shenzhou spacecraft
736:- Indian equivalent
520:6 July 2021, 15:53
311:
236:geostationary orbit
200:Traditional Chinese
100:- second generation
23:
3084:Feitian space suit
2585:Telecommunications
2364:Crewed expeditions
1183:Chinese spacecraft
1025:我国成功发射首颗数据中继卫星(组图)
811:Xinhua News Agency
688:Spaceflight portal
310:
196:Simplified Chinese
94:- first generation
4222:
4221:
3726:CUTE-1.7 + APD II
3464:
3463:
3432:
3431:
3212:
3211:
2948:Tianzhou missions
2943:
2942:
2816:Shenzhou missions
2745:
2744:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2312:
2311:
2231:Earth observation
1975:Planetary science
1952:
1951:
1760:and landing sites
1684:
1683:
1511:Lunar exploration
1190:Earth observation
837:. Spaceflight Now
671:
670:
553:Second Generation
189:
188:
181:
167:
42:Country of origin
4297:
4255:Shenzhou program
4118:Shiyan Weixing 3
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3468:
3302:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3157:China Group 1996
3010:Tiangong program
2820:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2652:
2644:
2636:
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2216:
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2174:
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2158:
2135:
2125:
2115:
2105:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1994:
1986:
1972:
1958:
1884:(In development)
1878:(In development)
1754:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1475:(joint with ESA)
1199:(joint with ESA)
1176:
1169:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1131:
1125:
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1122:
1120:
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1075:
1074:
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1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1006:on 29 April 2008
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989:
983:
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950:
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830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
802:
796:
790:
789:
785:
783:
781:
766:
742:- ESA equivalent
704:
699:
698:
697:
690:
685:
684:
683:
356:First Generation
312:
206:) also known as
179:
165:
24:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
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4102:
4045:
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3501:
3495:
3465:
3460:
3428:
3407:
3366:
3291:
3248:
3243:
3213:
3208:
3188:
3162:Chinese Group 1
3120:
3115:Siziwang Banner
3088:
3040:
3028:
2998:
2939:
2854:
2811:
2781:
2776:
2746:
2741:
2726:
2710:
2705:
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2689:
2681:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2600:Chinasat Series
2594:
2580:
2555:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2517:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2442:
2359:
2319:
2308:
2303:
2293:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2226:
2214:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2123:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1992:
1984:
1963:
1948:
1939:(space station)
1907:
1798:Launch vehicles
1792:
1787:Siziwang Banner
1748:
1720:
1715:
1685:
1680:
1669:
1653:Microsatellites
1648:
1587:
1506:
1414:
1388:
1358:
1267:
1185:
1180:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
997:
996:
992:
980:
972:
970:
965:
964:
960:
948:
940:
938:
933:
932:
928:
916:
908:
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901:
900:
896:
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878:
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873:
863:
861:
855:
854:
850:
840:
838:
832:
831:
827:
817:
815:
804:
803:
799:
787:
779:
777:
768:
767:
763:
759:
724:- US equivalent
700:
695:
693:
686:
681:
679:
676:
635:Tianlian II-03
597:Tianlian II-02
559:Tianlian II-01
538:106.2653° East
328:Carrier Rocket
308:
290:
261:
243:missions, from
224:
210:, is a Chinese
202:: 天鏈, English:
178:
164:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4303:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4215:Crewed flights
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4191:
4186:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4149:Progress M-01M
4146:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4081:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4026:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3952:
3947:
3940:
3931:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
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3886:
3876:
3874:
3870:
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3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
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3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3789:
3784:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3615:Spacelab MD002
3598:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3539:Ekspress AM-33
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3512:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3403:Thousand Sails
3400:
3395:
3393:Kuiper Systems
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3117:(landing site)
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3006:
3004:
3003:Space stations
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2706:(2016–present)
2700:
2698:(1971–present)
2695:Shijian Series
2692:
2690:(2016–present)
2684:
2676:
2667:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2651:(2024–present)
2645:
2643:(2024–present)
2637:
2635:(2019–present)
2629:
2627:(2008–present)
2621:
2619:(2024–present)
2616:Tiandu 1 and 2
2613:
2611:(2018–present)
2605:
2603:(1994–present)
2597:
2595:(1994–present)
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2551:(2022–present)
2545:
2543:(2022–present)
2537:
2535:(2021–present)
2528:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2294:(1999–present)
2283:
2281:(2006–present)
2275:
2273:(2016–present)
2267:
2265:(2002–present)
2262:Haiyang Series
2259:
2257:(2013–present)
2251:
2243:
2241:(2018–present)
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2207:
2199:
2194:Einstein Probe
2191:
2189:(2022–present)
2183:
2181:(2021–present)
2175:
2173:(2020–present)
2167:
2165:(2017–present)
2159:
2157:(2015–present)
2150:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2116:
2106:
2096:
2086:
2076:
2068:
2066:(2021–present)
2060:
2058:(2020–present)
2052:
2050:(2020–present)
2044:
2042:(2018–present)
2036:
2034:(2018–present)
2028:
2020:
2018:(2014–present)
2012:
2010:(2013–present)
2004:
1995:
1993:(2010–present)
1987:
1978:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:(landing site)
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1473:Einstein Probe
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1379:Tiandu 1 and 2
1376:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1279:Dong Fang Hong
1275:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1126:
1098:
1076:
1051:
1028:
1017:
990:
958:
926:
894:
883:. Flightglobal
871:
848:
825:
814:. 24 June 2021
797:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
748:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
706:
705:
691:
675:
672:
669:
668:
665:
662:
659:
657:
652:
647:
642:
639:
636:
632:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
614:
609:
604:
601:
598:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
576:
571:
566:
563:
560:
556:
555:
549:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
531:
526:
521:
518:
515:
514:Tianlian I-05
511:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
493:
488:
483:
480:
477:
476:Tianlian I-04
473:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
455:
450:
445:
442:
439:
438:Tianlian I-03
435:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
417:
412:
407:
404:
401:
400:Tianlian I-02
397:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
379:
374:
369:
366:
363:
362:Tianlian I-01
359:
358:
352:
351:
346:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
319:
316:
307:
304:
289:
286:
282:launch vehicle
260:
257:
223:
220:
187:
186:
183:
182:
176:Tianlian II-03
173:
169:
168:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
102:
101:
95:
87:
81:
80:
79:Specifications
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
32:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4302:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4216:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4139:Leonardo MPLM
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4114:Chuang Xin 1B
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4074:Chandrayaan-1
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:Progress M-65
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Inmarsat-4 F3
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:Progress M-64
3758:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Tianlian I-01
3681:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3555:Progress M-63
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Communication
3294:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2663:demonstrators
2658:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2592:Apstar Series
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2286:Ziyuan Series
2284:
2279:
2278:Yaogan Series
2276:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2255:
2254:Gaofen Series
2252:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2144:Astronomy and
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2063:Zhurong rover
2061:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1955:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1893:Long March 12
1891:
1889:
1888:Long March 11
1886:
1883:
1882:Long March 10
1880:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
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645:Long March 3B
643:
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623:
621:171.04° East
620:
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607:Long March 3B
605:
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569:Long March 3B
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448:Long March 3C
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424:176.72° East
423:
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410:Long March 3C
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305:
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300:satellite bus
298:
294:
287:
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279:Long March 3C
276:
275:Tianlian I-01
272:
271:satellite bus
269:
265:
258:
256:
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250:
247:onwards, the
246:
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166:25 April 2008
163:
162:Tianlian I-01
160:
158:Maiden launch
156:
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111:Geostationary
109:
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33:
29:
25:
19:
4214:
4184:Eutelsat W2M
4132:
4063:Soyuz TMA-13
4061:
4028:
3991:Huan Jing 1B
3987:Huan Jing 1A
3942:
3934:Superbird-C2
3914:
3859:OSTM/Jason-2
3854:Orbcomm FM41
3850:Orbcomm FM40
3846:Orbcomm FM39
3842:Orbcomm FM38
3838:Orbcomm FM37
3834:Orbcomm FM29
3791:
3682:
3658:Soyuz TMA-12
3656:
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2128:
2118:
2108:
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2088:
2078:
2039:Yutu-2 rover
2015:Chang'e 5-T1
1876:Long March 9
1871:Long March 8
1866:Long March 7
1861:Long March 6
1856:Long March 5
1836:Long March 4
1816:Long March 3
1811:Long March 2
1806:Long March 1
1676:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1578:
1571:
1545:Chang'e 5-T1
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1450:
1383:
1139:. Retrieved
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:"Launch Log"
1089:. Retrieved
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1063:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1031:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
1004:the original
993:
971:. Retrieved
961:
939:. Retrieved
929:
907:. Retrieved
897:
885:. Retrieved
874:
862:. Retrieved
851:
839:. Retrieved
828:
816:. Retrieved
809:
800:
778:. Retrieved
773:
764:
702:China portal
552:
500:76.95° East
462:16.86° East
355:
331:Launch Site
292:
291:
274:
263:
262:
225:
207:
203:
191:
190:
180:12 July 2022
61:Applications
31:Manufacturer
18:
4202:Kosmos 2449
4198:Kosmos 2448
4194:Kosmos 2447
4170:Kosmos 2446
4128:Kosmos 2445
4024:Kosmos 2444
4020:Kosmos 2243
4016:Kosmos 2442
3916:Trailblazer
3899:Kosmos 2441
3889:EchoStar XI
3884:ProtoStar 1
3864:Kosmos 2440
3778:Kosmos 2439
3774:Kosmos 2438
3770:Kosmos 2437
3693:Cartosat-2A
3678:Star One C2
3607:Kibō ELM-PS
3594:Jules Verne
3438:Observation
3398:SpaceMobile
3305:Operational
3137:Project 921
2682:(1969–2006)
2679:FSW Program
2632:Tianlian II
2465:(2016–2019)
2457:(2011–2018)
2431:Shenzhou 18
2426:Shenzhou 17
2421:Shenzhou 16
2416:Shenzhou 15
2411:Shenzhou 14
2406:Shenzhou 13
2401:Shenzhou 12
2396:Shenzhou 11
2391:Shenzhou 10
2320:spaceflight
2246:Double Star
2026:(2013–2016)
1921:(cancelled)
1458:Longjiang-2
1197:Double Star
1119:11 December
1091:16 November
1069:16 November
973:11 December
941:11 December
909:11 December
780:16 November
583:79.9° East
386:77.0° East
293:Tianlian II
288:Tianlian II
172:Last launch
150:Operational
4250:Shenzhou 7
4229:Categories
4189:Fengyun 2E
4180:Hot Bird 9
4088:Shijian 6F
4084:Shijian 6E
4030:Shenzhou 7
3920:NanoSail-D
3894:SAR-Lupe 5
3829:Türksat 3A
3815:ChinaSat 9
3787:Fengyun 3A
3641:SAR-Lupe 4
3636:DirecTV-11
3388:O3b mPOWER
3322:Globalstar
3254:Navigation
3062:Long March
3015:Tiangong-1
2955:Tianzhou 1
2866:Shenzhou 5
2830:Shenzhou 1
2805:Taikonauts
2661:Technology
2624:Tianlian I
2568:Navigation
2510:Tianzhou 6
2502:Tianzhou 5
2494:Tianzhou 4
2486:Tianzhou 3
2478:Tianzhou 2
2470:Tianzhou 1
2462:Tiangong 2
2454:Tiangong 1
2386:Shenzhou 9
2381:Shenzhou 7
2376:Shenzhou 6
2371:Shenzhou 5
2355:Shenzhou 8
2350:Shenzhou 4
2345:Shenzhou 3
2340:Shenzhou 2
2335:Shenzhou 1
2023:Yutu rover
1758:Spaceports
1349:Tsinghua-1
1344:Tiantong 1
1324:OlympicSat
757:References
664:2022-078A
627:2021-124A
589:2019-017A
544:2021-063A
506:2016-072A
468:2012-040A
430:2011-032A
392:2008-019A
349:SATCAT no.
337:Longitude
315:Satellite
306:Satellites
264:Tianlian I
259:Tianlian I
245:Shenzhou 7
137:In service
129:Production
4098:Venesat-1
4035:Banxing-1
4011:Galaxy 19
3980:September
3928:Explorers
3825:Skynet 5C
3782:Yubileiny
3765:Galaxy 18
3720:Compass-1
3674:Vinasat-1
3529:Thuraya 3
3424:Teledesic
3412:Abandoned
3197:Underline
2648:Queqiao 2
2249:(2003–07)
2146:cosmology
2130:Tianwen-3
2120:Tianwen-4
2110:Chang'e 8
2100:Chang'e 7
2090:Tianwen-2
2071:Chang'e 6
2055:Chang'e 5
2047:Tianwen-1
2031:Chang'e 4
2007:Chang'e 3
1998:Yinghuo 1
1990:Chang'e 2
1985:(2007–09)
1982:Chang'e 1
1903:Kaituozhe
1643:Tianwen-4
1636:Tianwen-3
1629:Tianwen-2
1609:Tianwen-1
1604:Chang'e 2
1599:Yinghuo-1
1580:Chang'e 8
1573:Chang'e 7
1567:Chang'e 6
1562:Chang'e 5
1550:Chang'e 4
1533:Chang'e 3
1528:Chang'e 2
1523:Chang'e 1
1374:Queqiao 2
1309:ChinaStar
1044:17 August
887:17 August
650:XSLC LC-2
612:XSLC LC-3
574:XSLC LC-3
529:XSLC LC-2
491:XSLC LC-2
453:XSLC LC-2
415:XSLC LC-2
377:XSLC LC-2
344:COSPAR ID
4175:Yaogan 5
4165:Yaogan 4
4158:December
4123:Astra 1M
4107:November
3996:GeoEye-1
3732:Delfi-C3
3702:AAUSat-2
3566:Columbus
3548:February
3456:RapidEye
3451:Pleiades
3419:Celestri
3371:Proposed
3347:Tianlian
3342:Starlink
3184:Mengzhou
3142:Shuguang
3093:Facility
3057:Tianzhou
3052:Shenzhou
3045:Hardware
2823:Uncrewed
2548:Mengtian
1937:Tiangong
1919:Shuguang
1898:Kuaizhou
1777:Wenchang
1660:Fengniao
1410:Beidou-3
1405:BeiDou-2
1400:BeiDou-1
1354:Xiwang 1
1304:ChinaSat
1218:Huanjing
1010:26 April
841:26 April
674:See also
638:天链二号03星
600:天链二号02星
562:天链二号01星
517:天链一号05星
479:天链一号04星
441:天链一号03星
403:天链一号02星
365:天链一号01星
321:Launch (
241:Shenzhou
204:Sky Link
192:Tianlian
142:Launched
50:Operator
22:Tianlian
4134:STS-126
4093:COSMO-3
4050:October
4006:Nimiq-4
3971:Trochia
3798:Kibō PM
3793:STS-124
3738:SEEDS-2
3697:Rubin-8
3688:GIOVE-B
3631:USA-201
3621:USA-200
3602:STS-123
3561:STS-122
3522:January
3337:Orbcomm
3327:Iridium
3272:GLONASS
3267:Galileo
3203:Italics
3172:Group 3
3167:Group 2
3125:Related
2736:italics
2715:Related
2703:XPNAV 1
2640:Qianfan
2608:Queqiao
2540:Wentian
2525:modules
2211:Xuntian
2080:Shensuo
1968:Science
1943:Tianwen
1931:Chang'e
1782:Xichang
1772:Taiyuan
1767:Jiuquan
1677:italics
1622:Shensuo
1614:Zhurong
1494:Xuntian
1463:Queqiao
1370:Queqiao
1339:Sinosat
1334:Shijian
1329:Qianfan
1299:Asiasat
1253:Tianhui
1203:Fengyun
864:23 June
818:29 June
710:Queqiao
661:Active
624:Active
586:Active
541:Active
503:Active
465:Active
427:Active
389:Active
340:Status
222:Mission
4143:PSSC-1
4041:Ratsat
3967:Choros
3955:Tachys
3938:AMC-21
3924:PRESat
3908:August
3880:Badr-6
3744:Amos-3
3714:CanX-6
3708:CanX-2
3669:C/NOFS
3664:ICO G1
3626:AMC-14
3611:Dextre
3577:Kizuna
3572:Thor 5
3534:TecSAR
3514:2009 →
3499:← 2007
3446:Planet
3383:OneWeb
3357:ViaSat
3262:BeiDou
2859:Crewed
2674:(2020)
2532:Tianhe
2513:(2023)
2505:(2022)
2497:(2022)
2489:(2021)
2481:(2021)
2473:(2017)
2304:(2025)
2270:TanSat
2215:(2026)
2205:(2024)
2197:(2023)
2134:(2030)
2124:(2029)
2114:(2028)
2104:(2026)
2094:(2025)
2084:(2024)
2074:(2024)
2002:(2011)
1665:Xinyan
1555:Yutu-2
1289:Apstar
1263:Ziyuan
1258:Yaogan
1248:Tansuo
1243:TanSat
1233:Shiyan
1208:Gaofen
1141:8 July
776:. NASA
667:53100
630:50005
592:44076
547:49011
509:41869
471:38730
433:37737
395:32779
198:: 天链,
134:Status
107:Regime
56:(CASC)
37:(CAST)
4057:THEOS
3963:Choma
3820:Fermi
3650:April
3586:March
3378:IRIS²
3282:IRNSS
2687:QUESS
2577:(BDS)
2318:Human
2300:SMILE
2290:CBERS
2186:ASO-S
2178:CHASE
2170:GECAM
2154:DAMPE
1501:SMILE
1452:Kuafu
1441:GECAM
1436:DAMPE
1431:CHASE
1426:ASO-S
1314:HKSTG
1228:Jilin
655:DFH-4
617:DFH-4
579:DFH-4
534:DFH-3
496:DFH-3
458:DFH-3
420:DFH-3
382:DFH-3
297:DFH-4
268:DFH-3
208:CTDRS
98:DFH-4
92:DFH-3
45:China
4069:IBEX
3959:Mati
3944:Omid
3873:July
3808:June
3507:2008
3352:TDRS
3317:DSCS
3312:BGAN
3287:QZSS
3132:CNSA
2238:CSES
2202:SVOM
2162:HXMT
1538:Yutu
1487:SVOM
1446:HXMT
1372:and
1319:LGSP
1294:APMT
1284:FH-1
1238:SMMS
1143:2021
1121:2020
1093:2020
1071:2020
1046:2012
1012:2008
975:2020
943:2020
911:2020
889:2012
866:2021
843:2008
820:2021
782:2020
728:Luch
334:Bus
4078:MIP
3753:May
3596:ATV
3362:WGS
3332:O3b
3277:GPS
1925:CMS
1480:SST
1213:FSW
323:UTC
85:Bus
4231::
4200:,
4196:,
4182:,
4141:,
4116:,
4086:,
4022:,
4018:,
3989:,
3969:,
3965:,
3961:,
3957:,
3936:,
3926:,
3922:,
3918:,
3882:,
3852:,
3848:,
3844:,
3840:,
3836:,
3827:,
3780:,
3776:,
3772:,
3735:,
3729:,
3723:,
3717:,
3711:,
3705:,
3699:,
3695:,
3676:,
3613:,
3609:,
3077:5B
3067:2F
2934:19
2927:18
2921:17
2916:16
2911:15
2906:14
2901:13
2896:12
2891:11
2886:10
2292:)
2000:†
1223:HY
1101:^
1062:.
808:.
772:.
325:)
4145:)
4137:(
4080:)
4076:(
4037:)
4033:(
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3796:(
3617:)
3605:(
3568:)
3564:(
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956:.
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891:.
868:.
845:.
822:.
795:.
784:.
194:(
153:8
145:8
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