118:
214:
194:
155:) on the Punta Anegada and Punta Delgada, creating an impregnable position. A chain could be slung between the two forts to prevent any ships from passing. Experts agreed that the bastions were extremely efficient in their design. However, the project was abandoned when it was realized that many ships would simply bypass the Strait by sailing round
299:("Theory and practice of fortification"), published in 1598, the first book on the science of fortification published in Spain. It was essentially a compendium of lessons from the Madrid Academy of Mathematics. The text highlights the influence of the Italian School's polygonal and radio-concentric theories.
209:
for which Philip II himself had traced the drawing. Philip II gave him a commission to fortify the palace and transform it into a citadel. He executed the work in 1593, building the fortress of bricks and mortar with cornerstones, and surrounding it by a moat. The two doors were elaborately
282:
founded the
Department of Mathematical Military Architecture under the patronage of Philip II, an important school for training military engineers and architects. Jerónimo de Soto was one of Spannocchi's disciples. Another of his pupils was
620:
117:
295:. Rojas worked as Spannocchi's deputy and became especially interested in military architecture, undertaking major works in Spain and North Africa. Rojas was the author of
174:. In 1588 Spannocchi approved plans for the forts of El Morro and La Punta at Havana, Cuba as senior engineer to King Philip II. Philip II had commissioned the engineer
186:, but Spannocchi refused to stop work on the zigzag wall, which was eventually finished in 1599, and is the upper portion of what is now called the
233:
was built in the shape of a pentagon under his direction. In 1598 he advocated construction of a small fort to guard the entrance to the port of
854:
812:
785:
718:
691:
646:
589:
562:
880:
764:
175:
210:
decorated. After these changes, the
Aljafería was used as a military installation until the middle of the 20th century.
179:
225:
along the frontier between Spain and France, during a period of mounting tension between the two countries. The
137:. In 1575 he was sent to Sicily as a Viceroy. Spannocchi entered the service of the King of Spain around 1580.
183:
167:
284:
238:
890:
885:
270:. The plans for these two forts were sent to Brazil in May 1606. Tibúrcio Spannocchi died in 1609.
710:
Wars of the
Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present
262:
249:, including a supply of running water and other features that would contribute to greater comfort.
171:
134:
106:
74:
741:
146:
102:
850:
844:
808:
781:
775:
760:
714:
708:
687:
681:
642:
585:
579:
558:
267:
151:
802:
663:
636:
606:
552:
638:
Referencias a la arquitectura civil en tratados de
Fortificación de los siglos XVI al XVIII
288:
279:
237:, but planning did not start until 1620. At the start of the 17th century, Spannochi and
121:
Drawing for a Fort at the Mouth of the Strait of
Magellan by Tiburcio Spanoqui circa 1584
735:
187:
874:
242:
828:
213:
130:
202:
182:. Fratino proposed to destroy the work done on a wall started by his predecessor,
554:
EL OCHOCIENTOS De los lenguajes al patrimonio. TÉCNICA E INGENIERÍA EN ESPAÑA VI
292:
149:. Two forts were to be placed on either side of the start of the first narrows (
156:
193:
129:. He was born in 1541. He came from a noble Tuscan family, and served the
222:
206:
226:
846:
La
Arquitectura en el Otoño Del Renacimiento: Juan de Naveda 1590–1638
683:
La
Arquitectura en el Otoño Del Renacimiento: Juan de Naveda 1590–1638
321:
257:
246:
234:
163:
46:
662:
Hidalgo, Dionisio; Hidalgo, Manual
Fernandez; Piera, Arturo (1864).
804:
Mapping and Empire: Soldier-Engineers on the
Southwestern Frontier
212:
126:
32:
230:
734:
Mignet, François-Auguste–Marie–Alexis; Pérez, Antonio (1881).
395:
393:
391:
389:
387:
221:
Later
Spannocchi's main energy went into mapping sites in the
344:
342:
340:
621:"Drawing of the Aljaferia Palace in Zaragoza, from the east"
374:
372:
320:
Another source says Tibúrcio Espannochi was originally from
450:
410:
408:
359:
357:
145:
Spannocchi became involved in a project to control the
474:
201:
Spannocchi undertook various works on the citadel of
462:
69:
61:
53:
39:
25:
18:
801:Reinhartz, Dennis; Saxon, Gerald D. (2005-10-01).
757:Fortificación y Ciudad en Los Reinos de Felipe II
241:were involved in construction of the palace of
399:
166:between 1586 and 1587, and may have worked at
831:. Departamento de Cultura, Juventud y Deporte
686:. Ed. Universidad de Cantabria. p. 268.
348:
8:
522:
510:
584:. Cambridge University Press. p. 749.
378:
15:
438:
125:Tiburzio Spannocchi was an engineer from
109:. He was named "Chief Engineer" in 1601.
551:Alarcón Pérez, Enrique (December 2011).
534:
291:in the construction of the monastery of
192:
116:
498:
336:
313:
287:, known for working as an assistant to
581:The Cambridge History of Latin America
426:
414:
363:
297:Teórica y práctica de la fortificación
635:González, María Soledad Pita (2009).
486:
7:
774:Ortega, Adolfo García (2011-10-06).
252:Spannocchi designed the nine-sided
254:Fortaleza da Lage de São Francisco
14:
463:Hidalgo, Hidalgo & Piera 1864
849:. Ed. Universidad de Cantabria.
843:Varea, Celestina Losada (2007).
680:Losada Varea, Celestina (2007).
607:"1740 – Skinner's Moorish Wall"
101:etc.) was "king's engineer" to
578:Bethell, Leslie (1984-12-06).
176:Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino
1:
807:. University of Texas Press.
755:Cámara Muñoz, Alicia (1998).
665:Boletín bibliográfico español
217:A wall of the Citadel of Jaca
737:Antonio Perez et Philippe II
707:Marley, David (2008-02-28).
605:Chipulina, Neville (2012).
557:. Universidad de Zaragoza.
263:Forte do Mar de São Marcelo
180:Fortifications of Gibraltar
907:
881:Italian military engineers
451:Drawing of the Aljaferia..
400:Reinhartz & Saxon 2005
133:in the fleet commanded by
829:"St. Elizabeth's castle"
623:. Ministry of Education
379:Mignet & Pérez 1881
278:In 1582 Spannocchi and
260:from the seas, and the
184:Giovanni Battista Calvi
475:St. Elizabeth's castle
218:
198:
197:La Aljafería, Zaragoza
122:
216:
196:
162:Spannocchi worked at
120:
105:and subsequently to
759:. Editorial NEREA.
668:. las escuelas Pias
135:Marcantonio Colonna
107:Philip III of Spain
83:Tiburzio Spannocchi
75:Philip III of Spain
20:Tiburzio Spannocchi
740:. Didier. p.
349:Alarcón Pérez 2011
285:Cristóbal de Rojas
219:
199:
178:to strengthen the
147:Strait of Magellan
123:
103:Philip II of Spain
85:(1541–1609) (also
73:Chief engineer to
856:978-84-8102-438-8
814:978-0-292-70659-0
787:978-1-4464-6824-1
777:Desolation Island
720:978-1-59884-100-8
693:978-84-8102-438-8
648:978-84-9923-060-3
641:. Cultivalibros.
591:978-0-521-24516-6
564:978-84-9911-151-3
523:Losada Varea 2007
511:Cámara Muñoz 1998
268:Salvador da Bahia
152:Primera Angostura
141:Engineering works
80:
79:
65:Military Engineer
57:Siennese, Spanish
898:
866:
864:
863:
839:
837:
836:
824:
822:
821:
797:
795:
794:
780:. Random House.
770:
751:
749:
748:
730:
728:
727:
703:
701:
700:
676:
674:
673:
658:
656:
655:
631:
629:
628:
616:
614:
613:
601:
599:
598:
574:
572:
571:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
430:
424:
418:
412:
403:
397:
382:
376:
367:
361:
352:
346:
325:
318:
239:Jerónimo de Soto
16:
906:
905:
901:
900:
899:
897:
896:
895:
871:
870:
869:
861:
859:
857:
842:
834:
832:
827:
819:
817:
815:
800:
792:
790:
788:
773:
767:
754:
746:
744:
733:
725:
723:
721:
706:
698:
696:
694:
679:
671:
669:
661:
653:
651:
649:
634:
626:
624:
619:
611:
609:
604:
596:
594:
592:
577:
569:
567:
565:
550:
541:
533:
529:
521:
517:
509:
505:
497:
493:
485:
481:
473:
469:
461:
457:
449:
445:
437:
433:
425:
421:
413:
406:
398:
385:
377:
370:
362:
355:
347:
338:
329:
328:
319:
315:
305:
289:Juan de Herrera
280:Juan de Herrera
276:
143:
115:
49:
44:
35:
30:
21:
12:
11:
5:
904:
902:
894:
893:
888:
883:
873:
872:
868:
867:
855:
840:
825:
813:
798:
786:
771:
765:
752:
731:
719:
704:
692:
677:
659:
647:
632:
617:
602:
590:
575:
563:
547:
540:
539:
527:
525:, p. 268.
515:
513:, p. 102.
503:
501:, p. 749.
491:
489:, p. 140.
479:
467:
455:
443:
439:Chipulina 2012
431:
429:, p. 132.
419:
417:, p. 225.
404:
383:
381:, p. 307.
368:
366:, p. 224.
353:
335:
327:
326:
312:
311:
304:
301:
275:
272:
266:that defended
256:that defended
188:Charles V Wall
142:
139:
114:
111:
78:
77:
71:
70:Known for
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
37:
36:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
903:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
858:
852:
848:
847:
841:
830:
826:
816:
810:
806:
805:
799:
789:
783:
779:
778:
772:
768:
766:9788489569263
762:
758:
753:
743:
739:
738:
732:
722:
716:
712:
711:
705:
695:
689:
685:
684:
678:
667:
666:
660:
650:
644:
640:
639:
633:
622:
618:
608:
603:
593:
587:
583:
582:
576:
566:
560:
556:
555:
549:
548:
546:
545:
537:, p. 63.
536:
535:González 2009
531:
528:
524:
519:
516:
512:
507:
504:
500:
495:
492:
488:
483:
480:
476:
471:
468:
465:, p. 58.
464:
459:
456:
452:
447:
444:
440:
435:
432:
428:
423:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
402:, p. 47.
401:
396:
394:
392:
390:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
351:, p. 28.
350:
345:
343:
341:
337:
334:
333:
323:
317:
314:
310:
309:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
273:
271:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
243:La Ventosilla
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
215:
211:
208:
204:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
153:
148:
140:
138:
136:
132:
128:
119:
112:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
42:
38:
34:
28:
24:
17:
860:. Retrieved
845:
833:. Retrieved
818:. Retrieved
803:
791:. Retrieved
776:
756:
745:. Retrieved
736:
724:. Retrieved
713:. ABC-CLIO.
709:
697:. Retrieved
682:
670:. Retrieved
664:
652:. Retrieved
637:
625:. Retrieved
610:. Retrieved
595:. Retrieved
580:
568:. Retrieved
553:
543:
542:
530:
518:
506:
499:Bethell 1984
494:
482:
470:
458:
446:
434:
422:
331:
330:
316:
307:
306:
296:
277:
261:
253:
251:
220:
200:
161:
150:
144:
131:Papal States
124:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:
891:1609 deaths
886:1541 births
427:Marley 2008
415:Ortega 2011
364:Ortega 2011
293:El Escorial
54:Nationality
875:Categories
862:2012-10-15
835:2012-10-20
820:2012-10-15
793:2012-10-15
747:2012-10-15
726:2012-10-15
699:2012-10-15
672:2012-10-15
654:2012-10-15
627:2012-10-15
612:2012-10-13
597:2012-10-15
570:2012-10-15
487:Varea 2007
303:References
99:Hispanochi
62:Occupation
332:Citations
274:Influence
203:Aljafería
172:Cartagena
157:Cape Horn
87:Spanucchi
223:Pyrenees
207:Zaragoza
168:San Juan
95:Spanoqui
91:Spanochi
544:Sources
227:citadel
113:Origins
853:
811:
784:
763:
717:
690:
645:
588:
561:
322:Naples
258:Recife
247:Burgos
235:Pasaia
164:Havana
47:Madrid
308:Notes
127:Siena
33:Siena
851:ISBN
809:ISBN
782:ISBN
761:ISBN
715:ISBN
688:ISBN
643:ISBN
586:ISBN
559:ISBN
231:Jaca
190:.
170:and
43:1609
40:Died
29:1541
26:Born
742:307
245:in
229:of
205:in
877::
407:^
386:^
371:^
356:^
339:^
159:.
97:,
93:,
89:,
865:.
838:.
823:.
796:.
769:.
750:.
729:.
702:.
675:.
657:.
630:.
615:.
600:.
573:.
477:.
453:.
441:.
324:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
