Tiglath-Pileser III - Knowledge (XXG)

958: 950: 1248: 829: 376: 591: 430: 897: 1089: 1370: 1201: 883:

reduce the local identities in conquered regions, to counteract the risk of revolt, and secondly to recruit and move laborers to where the Assyrian kings needed them, such as underdeveloped and underutilized provinces. Though the Assyrian resettlements were probably devastating both for the resettled people and the regions they came from, resettled people were not harmed or killed. Deportees were highly valued for their labor and abilities. Their journeys and new settlements were designed to be as safe and comfortable as possible.

586: 470:, a prominent official throughout the reigns of Tiglath-Pileser's predecessors, and that the uprising was crushed by Tiglath-Pileser after he legitimately inherited the throne. Zawadzki believes Shamshi-ilu may have revolted, as he is no longer recorded in Tiglath-Pileser's reign, but that the uprising in Nimrud was a separate revolt from Shamshu-ilu's supposed uprising and that Tiglath-Pileser or his supporters would have fought both Shamshu-ilu and Ashur-nirari. 491: 391:, the capital of the Assyrian Empire, in 746/745 and that numerous officials and governors were replaced after 745. Ancient Assyrian sources give conflicting information in regards to Tiglath-Pileser's lineage. Tiglath-Pileser in inscriptions attributed his rise to the throne solely to divine selection, rather than the more typical practice of Assyrian kings ascribing their rise to both divine selection and his royal ancestry. The 1085:, and the Mu’na Arab tribe, all began paying tribute to Tiglath-Pileser. By extending his control throughout the Levant, Tiglath-Pileser formed a semi-circle of control around Israel and Aram-Damascus and cut them off from Egypt, which had at times offered support to the Levantine states. The Assyrian efforts resulted in Aram-Damascus becoming both geopolitically isolated and without a large enough food supply to feed its people. 929:, a people who lived in northwestern Iran, to personally meet with Tiglath-Pileser in 744 and forge an alliance. Iranzu's predecessors had usually maintained their kingdom's independence through changing allegiance between Urartu and Assyria, but Iranzu made a firm choice to side with Assyria and Tiglath-Pileser eagerly accepted the alliance since Iranzu's realm was ideally placed to protect Assyria from Urartian raids. 6314: 106: 1144: 1347:. In Tiglath-Pileser's reign, Shalmaneser was known by his birth name Ululayu, "Shalmaneser" being a regnal name he assumed upon his accession to the throne in 727. Shalmaneser likely participated in some of his father's campaigns and several letters are known from him to his father, many of them reports on the status of the lands he governed. Shalmaneser was replaced as king after only a few years by 1410:

kingdoms, significantly altered the economy of the Assyrian state. Whereas the Assyrians had previously relied on tribute from vassals, from Tiglath-Pileser's time they became increasingly dependent on taxes collected by provincial governors. This approach increased administrative costs but also reduced the risk of uprisings against Assyrian rule and reduced the need for military intervention.

463:. Zawadzki believes the Eponym Chronicle further suggests that the rebellion, while not necessarily led by Tiglath-Pileser himself, was started with his knowledge and consent. The chief piece of evidence Zawadzki presents for this is that the revolt of 746 began in Nimrud and the first official appointed as eponym holder by Tiglath-Pileser (in 744) was Bel-dan, the governor of Nimrud. 33: 594:), the etymology of which is uncertain. Though sometimes interpreted as a second regnal name, there are no contemporary Assyrian or Babylonian sources that refer to Tiglath-Pileser by this name and there is no evidence that it was ever used officially. No evidence exists of any Assyrian king ever using more than one regnal name in their lifetime. 474:

that he was a member of the royal dynasty, Davenport examined the Eponym Chronicle. Notably, the eponyms for Tiglath-Pileser's early reign do not follow the traditional sequence used for Assyrian eponym holders. Typically, the king was eponym holder in his second regnal year, followed by important magnates and then provincial governors.

875:. Though Tiglath-Pileser's conquests generated a massive amount of revenue, he appears to have invested little of it into the Assyrian heartland itself; the only known building work conducted by him was a new palace in Nimrud. Instead, most of the money probably went into establishing the new army and into projects in the provinces. 763:

administration, culture, writing system and religion closely followed those of Assyria. The Urartian kings were also autocrats highly similar to the Assyrian kings. The imperialist expansionism undertaken by the kings of both Urartu and Assyria led to frequent military clashes between the two, despite being separated by the

1417:" in a strict sense during the reign of Tiglath-Pileser, owing to its unprecedented size, multi-ethnic and multi-lingual character and the new mechanisms of economic and political control. The supremacy attained by Assyria under Tiglath-Pileser is frequently seen as turning the Neo-Assyrian Empire into the first 478:

features of the Eponym Chronicle that suggest that Ashur-nirari ruled until 744, together with Tiglath-Pileser 745–744. There are two horizonal lines in this part of the list, one beneath 746, possibly marking Tiglath-Pileser's rise to the throne, and one beneath 744, possibly marking Ashur-nirari's death.

610:"Tiglath-pileser III is also referred to as Puˀ/wal with an intervocalic glide, spelled פאל quite clearly in at least one place (and probably the others) in contrast to biblical פול, vocalized Pûl. If it were pronounced according to the latter then one would expect פל in the Phoenician orthography." 457:, writing in 1994, the eponyms also provide insight into how the transition from Ashur-nirari to Tiglath-Pileser might have happened. That Tiglath-Pileser took the throne the year after the uprising was interpreted by Zawadzki, and others, as firmly indicating that he took the throne as the result of a 1437:

The Assyrian resettlement policy which intensified under Tiglath-Pileser and continued under his successors had large-scale consequences. First and foremost, it led to significant improvements in irrigation in the provinces, owing to deportees being tasked to introduce Assyrian-developed agricultural

1385:

referred to Tiglath-Pileser's reign as a "watershed" in the history of the Middle East. Tiglath-Pileser left a legacy of enormous historical significance. His reign is generally seen as marking the beginning of an entirely new age of Assyrian imperialism. As the earliest Assyrian king to be mentioned

1351:, probably through being deposed and assassinated. Though Assyrian king lists connected Sargon to previous kings through claiming that he was the son of Tiglath-Pileser, this claim does not appear in most of his inscriptions, which instead stress that he was called upon and appointed as king by Ashur. 965:

In the period from 743 to 732, Tiglath-Pileser led several campaigns in the Levant, which led to a great annexation of territory and the loss of independence of numerous ancient states in the region. After defeating Sarduri, Tiglath-Pileser resolved to conquer Arpad itself, both because of the city's

850:

Tiglath-Pileser revitalized the Assyrian army, transforming it from a seasonally active army, only assembled in the summer months, consisting only of conscripts, into a professional army. Under Tiglath-Pileser these conscripts were largely replaced with trained specialized soldiers. He introduced new

417:

If accepted as a royal dynast, uncertainties still exist in whether Tiglath-Pileser was the son of Adad-nirari or Ashur-nirari. The Assyriologists Fei Chen, Albert Kirk Grayson and Shiego Yamada consider it more likely that he was Adad-nirari's son, with the Assyrian King List's identification of him

1409:

Tiglath-Pileser greatly expanded Assyrian territory. By the time of his death, Tiglath-Pileser had more than doubled the amount of land ruled by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. His method of introducing direct Assyrian rule to foreign lands, dividing them into Assyrian provinces rather than creating vassal

1356:

Many historians accept Sargon's claim to have been a son of Tiglath-Pileser, but do not believe him to have been the legitimate heir to the throne as the next-in-line after the end of Shalmaneser's reign, i.e. assuming Shalmaneser had children. Even then, his claim to have been Tiglath-Pileser's son

1232:

with Assyria. This was chiefly because the Assyrians greatly respected Babylonian culture and religion. Because of this respect and because Babylonia was showing signs of the beginning of an economic recovery, Tiglath-Pileser worked to conciliate the populace to the idea of Assyrian overlordship. He

1151:

In his late reign, Tiglath-Pileser increasingly focused on Babylonia in the south. Babylonia had once been a large and hugely influential kingdom, competing with Assyria for centuries, but during the Neo-Assyrian period it was typically weaker than its northern neighbor. Babylonia suffered from both

652:

According to Gertoux, Tiglath-Pileser III was the son of Adad-nīrārī III, and used the name Pulu as a young co-regent under previous kings. When he won the kingship of Babylon, for the last two years of his life, this again became his official name in Babylon. Gertoux explains the derivation of this

1208:

The struggle for control of Babylonia began in earnest in 730. In this year, Assyrian envoys are recorded travelling to Babylon and urging the inhabitants to open their gates and surrender to Tiglath-Pileser, stating that the king would grant them amnesty and tax privileges. The Babylonians refused

1134:

off-guard and the Qedarites were easily defeated. Though Tiglath-Pileser was victorious, he realized that he would not be able to effectively govern the territories ruled by the Qedarites and thus allowed Samsi to remain in control of her domain, though under the supervision of an Assyrian official

836:

One of Tiglath-Pileser's important early reforms was reducing the influence of the magnates, thus increasing the authority of the king. The division of the large provinces previously governed by the magnates into smaller units, placed under royally appointed provincial governors, reduced the wealth

762:

in the north and the increasing political authority and influence of the "magnates", a set of influential Assyrian courtiers and officials. The rise of Urartu threatened Assyrian hegemony since submission to Urartu was viewed by many vassal states as a realistic alternative to Assyria. The Urartian

425:

The historian Tracy Davenport holds that "we may never know" whether Tiglath-Pileser was Ashur-nirari's son or brother. There are ways to explain Tiglath-Pileser's inscriptions proclaiming him as the son of Adad-nirari despite the 38 years between their two reigns. It is possible that "son" in this

1017:

The strategy employed by Tiglath-Pileser in his successful conquest of the Levant was carefully thought out and prepared. Instead of attacking the strongholds of the larger states, he first subdued smaller kingdoms through fast and wide-ranging attacks. The early conquests brought coastal and flat

913:

river. This conflict was resolved swiftly, with the Assyro-Babylonian border shifted in Tiglath-Pileser's favor. In 743, Tiglath-Pileser campaigned in the region around the Zagros Mountains, where he created the two new provinces Bit‐Ḫamban and Parsua. The new Zagros provinces were founded along a

882:

of tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of people were also a common practice. Though previous kings had resettled people, Tiglath-Pileser's reign saw the beginning of frequent mass deportations, a policy which continued under his successors. There were two intended goals of this policy: firstly to

473:

In her 2016 PhD thesis, the historian Tracy Davenport advanced the theory that Tiglath-Pileser might have been entirely legitimate and that he could even have co-ruled with Ashur-nirari for some time. Supporting Garelli's idea that Tiglath-Pileser was not responsible for any rebellion and the idea

1180:

tribes, led by chieftains who often squabbled with each other, dominated most of the southernmost land. Arameans also lived on the fringes of settled land and were notorious for plundering surrounding territories. Through his agents, Tiglath-Pileser throughout his reign kept tabs on events in the

936:

river border of Assyria with his army, his forces bolstered by troops sent by various kingdoms and states in Syria. In the same year, Tiglath-Pileser engaged Sarduri in battle near Arpad. Unlike the Assyrian defeat by Arpad eleven years earlier, Tiglath-Pileser won the battle, one of the greatest

481:

It is unlikely that the second line is an error, since it occurs right after a note that records the end of Ashur-nirari's reign and its length. Both the Eponym Chronicle and the Assyrian King List gives Ashur-nirari a reign length of 10 years, only possible if he ruled until 744, and not 745. If

317:

The circumstances of Tiglath-Pileser's rise to the throne are not clear. Because ancient Assyrian sources give conflicting accounts concerning Tiglath-Pileser's lineage and there are records of a revolt at around the time of his accession, many historians have concluded that Tiglath-Pileser was a

908:

In addition to his reforms, Tiglath-Pileser's reign is marked by a series of large-scale military campaigns in all directions. Though Tiglath-Pileser recorded his military exploits in great detail in his "annals", written on sculpted stone slabs decorating his palace in Nimrud, these are poorly

477:

If Tiglath-Pileser became king in 745, the eponym holder of his second regnal year was Bel-dan, not the king himself, who was the eponym holder in 743, his third regnal year. This could be explained by Tiglath-Pileser not having become the sole ruler of Assyria until 744. There are some strange

1192:

tribe, seized power in Babylon as king. Tiglath-Pileser saw the accession of Nabu-mukin-zeri, who aspired to heal the divides in Babylonia, as a provocation and threat to Assyrian interests and hegemony. Tiglath-Pileser thus dedicated the next several years to defeating Nabu-mukin-zeri and his

601:

Trilingual inscription was published that gave contemporary confirmation that Pul (Pulu) and Tiglath-Pileser III were one and the same king. Only the Phoenician part of the inscription has been published so far, because of the monument’s poor state of preservation. Still, the identification of

969:

During the fighting, Arpad was assisted by both Urartian troops and by troops sent by other cities and minor states in Syria. After the city was captured, the Assyrian army did not simply plunder it and then leave, as they had dealt with cities in Syria in previous times. Instead, the lands

814:

was bold enough to credit military victories to himself rather than the king. Ashur-nirari V appears to have been relatively idle as a ruler. He campaigned only three times, staying in Assyria throughout the majority of his reign, and he is not known to have conducted any building projects.

1357:

is generally treated with more caution than Tiglath-Pileser's own claims of royal ancestry. Some Assyriologists, such as J. A. Brinkman, believe that Sargon, at the very least, did not belong to the direct dynastic lineage. If Tiglath-Pileser was Sargon's father, he also had a third son,

1009:

The annexation of Arpad put rulers throughout the Levant on the alert. In the period of Assyrian stagnation, many of the Levantine states had aspired to expand and become large kingdoms in their own right, something the Assyrians might have perceived as an anti-Assyrian activity. In 738,

1216:

Nabu-mukin-zeri lost Sapia in the same year but appears to have continued to resist Tiglath-Pileser until 728 since there are some documents ascribed to his fourth regnal year. As the new king, Tiglath-Pileser received tribute from the most powerful Chaldean tribes, the Bit-Dakkuri and

414:, his claims of royal descent were probably true, meaning that while he did usurp the throne, he was a legitimate contender for it, having been victorious in an intra-dynastic civil war. Tiglath-Pileser faced no known resistance or rebellions against his rule after taking the throne. 386:

There is not enough surviving evidence to conclude how Tiglath-Pileser III came to the throne and the nature of his accession is thus unclear and disputed. Several pieces of evidence indicate that he might have been a usurper. Pointing to this are the facts that there was a revolt in

683:. From the 12th century BC onwards, the Middle Assyrian Empire entered into a period of decline, becoming increasingly restricted to just the Assyrian heartland itself. Though the decline was at times halted by energetic warrior-kings, reconquests were not lasting until the time of 1390:, Tiglath-Pileser is the first Assyrian king for whom there exist outside perspectives and accounts of his reign. All Mesopotamian history prior to Tiglath-Pileser is ignored in the Hebrew Bible. The Bible records both Tiglath-Pileser's impact on the Kingdom of Israel ( 426:

context meant "grandson", meaning that Tiglath-Pileser would have been the son of Ashur-nirari or another of Adad-nirari's sons, or that Tiglath-Pileser actually was Adad-nirari's son, but came to the throne when he was already relatively old, possibly aged about 50.

779:, an event that may have led to the Assyrian army not campaigning for several years. The Assyrian kings were unable to deal with external threats since the magnates had gradually become the dominant political actors and central authority had become very weak. 302:, Tiglath-Pileser ended a period of Assyrian stagnation, introduced numerous political and military reforms and more than doubled the lands under Assyrian control. Because of the massive expansion and centralization of Assyrian territory and establishment of a 770:

For a brief time, the Urartian army equalled that of Assyria; though the Assyrians scored many victories against Urartu, notably plundering Urartu's heartland late in Shalmaneser's reign, the Urartians scored victories of their own. In 754, the Urartian king

482:

Ashur-nirari did rule until 744, it is unlikely that there was a civil war, since Tiglath-Pileser is recorded to have gone on campaigns against Assyria's foreign enemies in this time, not possible if he was simultaneously involved in internal conflict.

1438:

techniques to their new communities, and to an increase in prosperity across the empire. In the long term, the movement of peoples from across the empire changed the cultural and ethnic makeup of the Middle East forever and in time led to the rise of

1209:

the offer. Nabu-mukin-zeri was not in Babylon at this time and was instead probably directing the Babylonian war effort from his ancestral home city of Sapia. In 729, Tiglath-Pileser captured Babylon and proclaimed himself as both king of Assyria and

341:

in 743. This victory was significant since Urartu had for a brief time equalled Assyrian power; Sarduri had eleven years earlier defeated Tiglath-Pileser's predecessor Ashur-nirari. After defeating Sarduri, Tiglath-Pileser turned his attention to the

1491:, the king who from the rising sun to the setting thereof has scattered all of his foes to the wind(s) and has maintained (his) sway; who subdues the peoples of the upper and lower land(s), who ousts their rulers and installs his (own) officials. 712:

Under the early Neo-Assyrian kings, there was a gradual reconquest of former Assyrian lands. The success of this project was an extraordinary achievement given that the kings essentially had to rebuild the Assyrian Empire from scratch. Under

1449:, the group to which many of the languages in the empire belonged. Already in Tiglath-Pileser's reign, Aramaic became an official language in the empire, indicated by reliefs from his time depicting the king using both Aramaic and Akkadian 1010:

Tiglath-Pileser continued his efforts in Syria, conquering some lands to the south of Arpad and establishing the three new provinces of Kullania, Ḫatarikka, and Ṣimirra. These lands had been under the rule of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of

1018:

lands under his rule, which meant that Assyrian troops in the later campaigns could march through the region fast and efficiently. During the campaign against Hama, Tiglath-Pileser conquered and annexed the Syro-Hittite kingdom of

957: 739:

859–824 BC) further expanded Assyrian territory but his enlarged domain proved difficult to stabilize and his last few years initiated a renewed period of stagnation and decline, marked by both external and internal conflict.

1022:. Hama was spared full annexation, with the kingdom being allowed to remain somewhat independent as a vassal state. The victory inspired more states in the region to pay tribute to the Assyrians, including the Phoenician city of 837:

and power of the magnates. The right to commission inscriptions concerning military and building activities was withdrawn from officials and henceforth restricted to the king. Some historically prominent officials, such as the

1112:

fell and Tiglath-Pileser annexed the lands of Aram-Damascus. In the same conflict, Tiglath-Pileser also captured Tyre and defeated Israel, which he divided in half, annexing the northern portion of the kingdom as the province

326:, who was either his brother or his father. Other historians postulate that the evidence could just as easily be interpreted as Tiglath-Pileser inheriting the throne through legitimate means and the debate remains unresolved. 909:

preserved, meaning that for several of his campaigns it is only possible to produce a broad outline. Tiglath-Pileser's first campaign was conducted already in 744, when he assaulted Babylonian lands on the east side of the

1099:

In 733, Tiglath-Pileser resolved to cement his conquest. In this year, he again campaigned against Aram-Damascus, still the strongest remaining native state in the region, which was supported by the Assyrian tributaries

406:

Assyriologists and other historians have overwhelmingly concluded that Tiglath-Pileser was a usurper. The Assyriologist Bradley J. Parker went as far as suggesting that he was not part of the previous royal dynasty at

949: 2019: 1247: 1041:

The Anatolian realms who began paying tribute to Assyria, five kingdoms in total, probably did so not out of fear of Assyrian conquest but rather in the hope of Assyrian aid against the expansionist kingdom of

862:

The size of the army was further increased throughout Tiglath-Pileser's reign through the recruitment of soldiers from the various lands the Assyrians conquered and through the recruitment of mercenaries from

1117:

and subjugating the southern portion as a vassal kingdom. The weakening and enormous reduction in size of Israel was seen by the Israelites as vindicating predictions of impending doom made by the prophet

966:

strategic value and in order to punish the city for providing Sarduri access to the Assyrian frontier. After three campaigns over the course of three years and a lengthy siege, Arpad was captured in 740.

1125:

The massive western expansion of Assyria brought Tiglath-Pileser and his armies into direct contact with Arab tribes, several of whom began paying tribute. In 733, Tiglath-Pileser campaigned against the

314:. The reforms and methods of control introduced under Tiglath-Pileser laid the groundwork for policies enacted not only by later Assyrian kings but also by later empires for millennia after his death. 422:

considers this unlikely, given that 38 years separate the reign of Adad-nirari from that of Tiglath-Pileser, writing that the possibility of him being Ashur-nirari's son cannot be fully ruled out.

329:

Tiglath-Pileser early on increased royal power and authority through curbing the influence of prominent officials and generals. After securing some minor victories in 744 and 743, he defeated the

634:, Adanawa, Adana), known from other ancient inscriptions. His stele was erected to mark the land that was gifted to Awariku by Tiglath-Pileser III. He is also known as the King of the Danunites ( 346:. Over the course of several years, Tiglath-Pileser conquered most of the Levant, defeating and then either annexing or subjugating previously influential kingdoms, notably ending the kingdom of 1046:, which threatened their existence. The Anatolians at times tried to play Assyria and Phrygia against each other, with disastrous consequences. In 730, Tiglath-Pileser attacked and removed king 828: 375: 453:, names for the years, typically taken from influential officials, of Assyria confirms there was a revolt in Nimrud the year before Tiglath-Pileser became king. According to the historian 1197:, which was often opposed to Assyrian interests. Then, Tiglath-Pileser defeated and subdued a number of Aramean clans and Chaldean tribes, including the Bit-Shilani and the Bit-Sha'alli. 1065:

and the submission of numerous states, effectively bringing the entire Levant under direct or indirect Assyrian rule; Assyria and Egypt shared a border for the first time in history.

3595: 1424:

The Assyrian Empire served as the model for later empires in the Middle East and elsewhere, chiefly because of the imperial innovations of Tiglath-Pileser. Through the concept of

6348: 1334:

actually corresponded to Yahweh since there are few analogues in other Neo-Assyrian names and inscriptions. The identification of Atalia as a Hebrew name was also doubted by

3932:

Radner, Karen (2021). "Diglossia and the Neo-Assyrian Empire's Akkadian and Aramaic Text Production". In Jonker, Louis C.; Berlejung, Angelika & Cornelius, Izak (eds.).

847:, with their names being deliberately erased from inscriptions and documents. With these reforms, the power of the magnates to challenge the king was virtually eliminated. 514:, the Assyrian kings who are mentioned in the Bible are generally known today by the Biblical forms of their names. The modern name Tiglath-Pileser thus derives from the 970:

controlled by Arpad were converted into two provinces and annexed into the Neo-Assyrian Empire. After his victory at Arpad, Tiglath-Pileser received tribute from the

6531: 6381: 879: 1430:(transfer of empire) the claim to world domination forwarded by the Neo-Assyrian kings gave rise to similar claims in later Middle Eastern empires, notably the 3978:"Now It Happened in Those Days": Studies in Biblical, Assyrian, and Other Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Mordechai Cogan on His 75th Birthday 3750: 921:

The Assyrian successes in 744 and 743 demonstrated to the empire's neighbors that the time of Assyrian stagnation was over. Tiglath-Pileser's success inspired

590: 1319:. Dalley's arguments have met with both support and opposition. The idea that the names Iaba and Atalia were Hebrew has also been independently forwarded by 932:

These developments worried Sarduri II of Urartu, who intensified his efforts to oppose and overtake Assyrian hegemony. Later in 743, Sarduri arrived at the

6376: 1506: 5951: 4713: 3587:

Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: New Horizons in Literary, Ideological, and Historical Analysis. Papers of a Symposium held in Cetona (Siene) June 26-28 1980

1239:

festival, which required the presence of the king, and also led campaigns against remaining Chaldean strongholds in the far south who resisted his rule.

6633: 6341: 4117: 3612:

The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC

1152:

the lack of a well-organized army and from internal ethno-cultural divisions. Babylonians governed most of the prominent southern cities, such as

602:

Tiglath-Pileser III as Pul is fairly certain, because this phrase is repeated more than once in the text. The Phoenician spelling of this name is

429: 6628: 3637: 3426:

Frahm, Eckart (2014). "Family Matters: Psychohistorical Reflections on Sennacherib and His Times". In Kalimi, Isaac; Richardson, Seth (eds.).

6638: 3096: 1484: 88: 2982: 1193:

supporters. First, Assyrian armies blockaded Babylonia's eastern border to ensure that Nabu-mukin-zeri would not receive any support from

3279: 1338:

in 2008, and in that year Ran Zadok alternatively suggested that Atalia was an Arabic name. Iaba's tomb was discovered at Nimrud in 1989.

649:, have speculated that Pulu was Tiglath-Pileser's original name before he became king and assumed his regnal name or perhaps a nickname. 552:(who was thus the "son of Ešarra"). By the time of Tiglath-Pileser's reign, Ninurta was viewed as the son of the Assyrian national deity 6334: 3292:

Dubovský, Peter (2006). "Tiglath-pileser III's Campaigns in 734-732 B.C.: Historical Background of Isa 7; 2 Kgs 15-16 and 2 Chr 27-28".

3985: 3941: 3922: 3901: 3800: 3779: 3739: 3575: 3549: 3528: 3507: 3483: 3462: 3441: 3416: 3395: 3374: 3324: 3251: 3166: 3034: 3013: 6386: 3623: 744: 6570: 395:, an ancient Assyrian document listing the kings of Assyria, states that Tiglath-Pileser's father was his immediate predecessor 6643: 5972: 4706: 1130:

to the south of Damascus, hoping to consolidate his control of southern Syria. The surprise attack caught the Qedarite queen

1054:

from power after he stopped paying tribute, writing in his annals that Wasusarma "acted as if he were the equal of Assyria".

256: 3639:

The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III, King Of Assyria (744-727 BC) And Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC), Kings of Assyria

1467:

In an inscription from Nimrud recounting some of the activities of his reign, Tiglath-Pileser claimed the following titles:

1421:

in history; i.e. an imperial state without any competitors, ruling most of the world as known to the Assyrians themselves.

896: 2316:

Davenport, T.L. (August 1, 2014). "Situation and Organisation: The Empire Building of Tiglath-pileser III (745-728 BC)".

1361:. Sin-ahu-usur is attested as the younger brother of Sargon, in 714 granted the command of Sargon's royal cavalry guard. 1295:

origin and speculated that she might have been a princess from the Kingdom of Judah. She based this argument on the name

6613: 6592: 4110: 3116: 1335: 5523: 5455: 3024: 1027: 3752:

Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia: Volume I: Historical Records of Assyria from the Earliest Times to Sargon

3615: 3472:

Frahm, Eckart (2017b). "Assyria and the Far South: The Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf". In E. Frahm (ed.).

3364: 5585: 1088: 6560: 6317: 6260: 6107: 5884: 5206: 4699: 46: 1369: 1200: 6253: 6239: 6053: 5178: 4732: 670: 275: 50: 5563: 1228:

Unlike many other Assyrian conquests, Babylonia was not divided into provinces but kept as a full kingdom, in

804:

773–755 BC) and Ashur-nirari V was the low point of Assyrian royal power. In Shalmaneser IV's reign, the

3890:"Revolts in the Assyrian Empire: Succession Wars, Rebellions Against a False King and Independence Movements" 3585:

Grayson, Albert Kirk (1981). "Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: Literary Characteristics". In Fales, F. M. (ed.).

3568:

Ah, Assyria..., Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Hayim Tadmor

937:

triumphs of his reign. Sarduri was forced to flee the battle and was pursued back to the Urartian capital of

6618: 6288: 6197: 5944: 5877: 5348: 4737: 4141: 4103: 3653: 1480: 1462: 1296: 1260: 1252: 598: 186: 83: 3810:

Oded, Bustanay (1974). "The Phoenician Cities and the Assyrian Empire in the Time of Tiglath-pileser III".

6623: 6225: 6100: 5965: 5958: 5930: 5302: 5261: 5193: 4427: 4151: 4146: 4136: 3768:

Luukko, Mikko; Van Buylaere, Greta (2017). "Languages and Writing Systems in Assyria". In E. Frahm (ed.).

1501: 1280: 676: 6183: 6138: 6074: 5937: 5870: 5607: 5509: 5504: 5485: 4884: 4801: 4498: 3934:

Multilingualism in Ancient Contexts: Perspectives from Ancient Near Eastern and Early Christian Contexts

3911:

Radner, Karen (2017). "Economy, Society, and Daily Life in the Neo-Assyrian Period". In E. Frahm (ed.).

1434:, which facilitated the rise of aspirations for universal rule in numerous later kingdoms and empires. 1387: 1222: 1057:

Tiglath-Pileser marched on the Levant for the fifth time in 734, reaching as far south as the border of

585: 437:

depicting Tiglath-Pileser (sitting) holding court. The official closest to him to the right is his son

3831:

Parker, Bradley J. (2011). "The Construction and Performance of Kingship in the Neo-Assyrian Empire".

6014: 5373: 5353: 5297: 5201: 5154: 4213: 1476: 1303:, borne by a Judean queen who ruled about a century earlier, and that the ending of the name Atalia ( 1225:, who in the years following Tiglath-Pileser's reign would emerge as a staunch adversary of Assyria. 564: 450: 93: 3728:

Liverani, Mario (2017). "Thoughts on the Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Kingship". In E. Frahm (ed.).

3648: 3560: 1147:

A map of the Neo-Assyrian Empire before (purple) and after (purple and blue) Tiglath-Pileser's reign

6357: 6126: 5979: 5863: 5437: 5378: 5211: 5119: 4578: 4412: 4162: 3154: 971: 706: 646: 503: 295: 121: 3976:. In Baruchi-Unna, Amitai; Forti, Tova; Aḥituv, Shmuel; Ephʿal, Israel; Tigay, Jeffrey H. (eds.). 3869: 1983:"The Phoenician Inscription of the Incirli Trilingual: A Tentative Reconstruction and Translation" 878:

Tiglath-Pileser's conquests were marked by brutality, to emphasize the king's strength and power.

694:

934–912 BC), who campaigned in the northeast and northwest. The accession of Ashur-dan's son

6555: 6407: 5923: 5904: 5839: 5734: 5705: 5325: 5307: 5231: 5159: 5134: 5109: 4595: 4563: 4558: 4483: 4407: 4402: 4387: 3960: 3894:

Revolt and Resistance in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East: In the Crucible of Empire

3856: 3848: 3819: 3716: 3687: 3351: 3301: 3228: 3220: 3185: 3141: 3133: 3073: 3065: 2321: 2002: 1426: 758:

The most important problems facing Shalmaneser late in his reign were the rise of the kingdom of

5343: 851:

and superior weapons, technologies and logistics. Among his major innovations were new forms of

379:

Tiglath-Pileser III, depicted in a royal chariot in one of the reliefs from the royal palace in

961:

Relief from Tiglath-Pileser's palace in Nimrud depicting Assyrian riders pursuing a camel rider

6648: 6000: 5986: 5911: 5746: 5690: 5635: 5423: 5408: 5363: 5279: 5241: 5226: 5139: 5129: 5074: 5064: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4488: 4468: 4239: 3981: 3937: 3918: 3897: 3796: 3775: 3756: 3735: 3658: 3619: 3607: 3571: 3545: 3524: 3503: 3479: 3458: 3437: 3412: 3391: 3370: 3320: 3266: 3247: 3162: 3102: 3092: 3030: 3009: 1446: 1431: 843: 725: 576: 522: 459: 215: 193: 3996: 1394:

15,29–31) and the events of his reign from the perspective of the southern Kingdom of Judah (

1267:), a name clearly not of Akkadian origin. Possible roots and etymologies of the name include 6500: 6494: 6483: 6412: 5895: 5622: 5398: 5368: 5358: 5236: 5221: 5216: 5079: 4680: 4670: 4665: 4600: 4478: 4473: 4352: 3840: 3708: 3699:

Lawson Younger, K. (2002). "Yahweh at Ashkelon and Calaḫ? Yahwistic Names in Neo-Assyrian".

3679: 3603: 3599: 3433: 3343: 3210: 3125: 3057: 1994: 1442:

as the region's lingua franca, a position the language retained until the 14th century AD.

1343:

Tiglath-Pileser is believed to have died peacefully of old age. He was succeeded by his son

1288: 1070: 868: 764: 724:

883–859 BC) the Neo-Assyrian Empire rose to become the dominant political power in the

714: 490: 40: 6565: 6433: 6417: 6044: 6029: 6007: 5811: 5714: 5535: 5466: 5418: 5393: 5383: 5317: 5251: 5164: 5144: 5104: 5046: 4977: 4928: 4816: 4615: 4605: 4548: 4538: 4533: 4443: 4397: 4362: 4342: 4291: 4085: 4078: 4058: 4024: 1531: 1312: 1292: 1210: 1185: 1114: 953:

A relief from Tiglath-Pileser's palace in Nimrud, depicting the Assyrians besieging a town

729: 560: 515: 454: 400: 359: 240: 230: 78: 73: 3538:

Fuchs, Andreas (2017). "Assyria and the East: Western Iran and Elam". In E. Frahm (ed.).

679:

in the 14th century BC, previously only having been a city-state centered on the city of

3002:

Bagg, Ariel M. (2017). "Assyria and the West: Syria and the Levant". In E. Frahm (ed.).

548:

means "my trust belongs to the son of Ešarra". Ešarra was a temple dedicated to the god

298:

from 745 BC to his death in 727. One of the most prominent and historically significant

6448: 6438: 6422: 6402: 5854: 5804: 5650: 5530: 5388: 5149: 5124: 5099: 5036: 5028: 5008: 4630: 4620: 4610: 4590: 4543: 4523: 4503: 4392: 4357: 4347: 4332: 4261: 4223: 4208: 4051: 3451:

Frahm, Eckart (2017). "The Neo-Assyrian Period (ca. 1000–609 BCE)". In E. Frahm (ed.).

1403: 1229: 1119: 783: 695: 396: 323: 299: 244: 139: 3114:

Brinkman, John Anthony (1973). "Sennacherib's Babylonian Problem: An Interpretation".

6607: 6575: 6488: 6458: 6443: 5797: 5758: 5592: 5479: 5274: 5269: 4995: 4943: 4933: 4897: 4675: 4640: 4625: 4553: 4528: 4463: 4458: 4377: 4367: 4307: 4228: 4178: 4068: 3860: 3691: 3232: 3145: 3077: 2325: 2006: 1344: 1101: 1058: 1051: 1003: 995: 794: 438: 347: 303: 198: 149: 3334:

Elat, Moshe (1978). "The Economic Relations of the Neo-Assyrian Empire with Egypt".

638:), or the "Danunean king". He also describes himself as 'the King of the dynasty of 105: 6478: 6281: 6267: 6145: 5769: 5763: 5630: 5571: 5555: 5403: 5335: 5289: 5246: 5094: 5084: 5023: 5013: 4905: 4874: 4844: 4660: 4568: 4453: 4448: 4417: 4382: 3951:

Yamada, Shiego (2003). "Notes on the Genealogical Data of the Assyrian King List".

3633: 3281:

Situation and Organisation: The Empire Building of Tiglath-Pileser III (745-728 BC)

1418: 1399: 1382: 1358: 1320: 1299:, a later queen speculated to have been related to Iaba, being similar to the name 1189: 1157: 1143: 852: 776: 684: 654: 511: 419: 411: 351: 338: 306:, some researchers consider Tiglath-Pileser's reign to mark the true transition of 207: 17: 3912: 3844: 3790: 3769: 3729: 3539: 3518: 3473: 3452: 3427: 3406: 3385: 3314: 3241: 3086: 3003: 1413:

Several Assyriologists consider Assyria to only truly have transitioned into an "

832:

A relief from Nimrud depicting Tiglath-Pileser (right) trampling a defeated enemy

6468: 6427: 6274: 6211: 6169: 6093: 6081: 6060: 5721: 5645: 5640: 5541: 5498: 5114: 5089: 5069: 5041: 5003: 4892: 4869: 4864: 4854: 4650: 4493: 4337: 4285: 4279: 4256: 4183: 3493: 1565: 811: 553: 541: 467: 6326: 3712: 1445:

Aramaic was the most widely spoken and mutually understandable of the empire's

990:, some of which had previously sent forces to aid Sarduri, as well as from the 510:

Due to Assyria for centuries mainly being known through its appearances in the

6473: 6232: 6218: 6204: 6176: 6114: 5824: 5548: 5413: 5059: 4829: 4655: 4233: 4218: 3263:

New Light on Nimrud: Proceedings of the Nimrud Conference 11th–13th March 2002

3215: 3198: 2070: 1511: 1472: 983: 772: 747: 434: 334: 3760: 3662: 3517:

Fuchs, Andreas (2017). "Assyria and the North: Anatolia". In E. Frahm (ed.).

3270: 1204:

Relief from Tiglath-Pileser's palace in Nimrud depicting an Assyrian horseman

418:

as the son of Ashur-nirari possibly being a scribal error. The Assyriologist

6463: 6190: 6162: 5993: 5817: 5790: 5783: 5776: 5655: 5578: 5491: 4938: 4920: 4915: 4859: 4849: 4824: 4645: 4327: 4312: 4273: 4267: 4251: 4193: 4188: 1968: 1348: 1218: 1127: 1062: 1047: 991: 933: 926: 915: 864: 855:. The central standing army introduced under Tiglath-Pileser was dubbed the 572: 355: 202: 3997:"The Revolt of 746 B.C and the Coming of Tiglath-pileser III to the Throne" 3683: 6246: 5752: 5740: 5515: 5051: 4962: 4948: 4910: 4839: 4297: 4203: 3106: 1998: 1564:, at this point in time viewed as the son of the Assyrian national deity 1326:

In 2002, K. Lawson Younger pointed out that it was far from certain that

1300: 1284: 1169: 1109: 1093: 1031: 999: 872: 399:. Tiglath-Pileser in his own inscriptions claimed that he was the son of 3964: 3852: 3823: 3429:

Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem: Story, History and Historiography

3305: 3224: 3189: 1213:, the first Assyrian king to be recognized as such by the Babylonians. 5728: 5018: 4985: 4372: 4322: 3720: 3137: 3069: 1561: 1439: 1395: 1391: 1177: 1153: 1105: 1066: 1043: 987: 806: 743: 635: 631: 615: 549: 319: 307: 225: 3355: 1038:

tribes. Israel and Damascus had sent aid to Hama during the conflict.

4990: 4834: 4317: 4302: 4245: 4198: 3261:

Damerji, Muayyad Said (2008). "An Introduction to the Nimrud Tombs".

1450: 1414: 1374: 1316: 1173: 1023: 1019: 979: 975: 938: 922: 910: 901: 759: 751: 639: 388: 380: 343: 330: 311: 3973: 3889: 3129: 3061: 3045: 2071:

Assyrian and biblical chronologies are they reliable? (revised 2023)

1982: 358:

in 729, becoming the first king to rule as both king of Assyria and

4691: 4095: 3497: 3347: 1092:

A 20th-century illustration of Tiglath-Pileser's 732 BC capture of

614:

The Phoenician inscription is narrated in the first person by king

269: 6067: 1488: 1368: 1246: 1235: 1199: 1142: 1131: 1087: 1082: 1035: 956: 948: 895: 827: 742: 680: 568: 489: 428: 374: 350:. Tiglath-Pileser's activities in the Levant were recorded in the 111: 3953:

Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies

3240:

Dalley, Stephanie (2017). "Assyrian Warfare". In E. Frahm (ed.).

3561:"The Achievement of Tiglath-pileser III: Novelty or Continuity?" 1194: 1165: 1078: 1074: 1011: 506:, which confuses Tiglath-Pileser and Pulu as two different kings 6330: 5676: 4695: 4099: 3789:

Merrill, Eugene; Rooker, Mark F.; Grisanti, Michael A. (2011).

3670:

Kertai, David (2013). "The Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire".

900:

20th-century illustration of Tiglath-Pileser in 743 BC outside

3411:. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press. 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 1901: 1899: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1686: 1684: 1586: 1584: 579:

historians, Tiglath-Pileser is recorded under the name Pulu (

289: 3792:

The World and the Word: An Introduction to the Old Testament

2960: 2958: 2518: 2516: 3088:

Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia (1158-722 B.C.)

2339: 2337: 2335: 1916: 1914: 1560:

Ešarra was a temple; the "son of Ešarra" refers to the god

1233:

twice participated in the religiously important New Years'

1161: 914:

highly important trade route, the predecessor of the later

530: 354:. After a few years of conflict, Tiglath-Pileser conquered 3657:. Vol. 12. New York: Funk and Wagnalls. p. 145. 3316:

The Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach

2861: 2859: 2628: 2626: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 1755: 1753: 705:

911–891 BC) traditionally marks the beginning of the

3199:"Getting it Wrong in Assyria: Some Bracelets from Nimrud" 1857: 1855: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1221:. The Bit-Yakin at this time was under the leadership of 3596:"Assyria: Ashur-dan II to Ashur-Nirari V (934–745 B.C.)" 2577: 2575: 2366: 2364: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2132: 2130: 1830: 1828: 521:(תִּגְלַת פִּלְאֶסֶר), a corrupted form of the original 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2159: 2157: 2105: 2103: 2032: 2030: 2028: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1547:. A handful of older sources erroneously number him as 1176:, but were not the only prominent group in the region. 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2834: 2832: 2121: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 466:

Garelli believes the revolt in 746 was instigated by

3917:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 209–228. 3774:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 313–335. 3734:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 534–546. 3544:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 259–267. 3523:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 249–258. 3478:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 299–310. 3457:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 161–208. 3246:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 522–533. 3008:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 268–274. 2020:(2009) Short version of the Incirli Trilingual text. 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 6544: 6524: 6517: 6395: 6365: 6043: 6028: 5894: 5853: 5838: 5704: 5689: 5621: 5606: 5451: 5436: 5334: 5316: 5288: 5260: 5192: 5177: 4976: 4961: 4883: 4815: 4800: 4760: 4751: 4577: 4426: 4161: 3870:"Tiglath-pileser III, king of Assyria (744-727 BC)" 3387:

Tiglath-pileser III, Founder of the Assyrian Empire

782:The reigns of Tiglath-Pileser's three predecessors 775:defeated the Assyrian army under Ashur-nirari V at 274:, meaning "my trust belongs to the son of Ešarra"; 236: 224: 214: 192: 182: 170: 159: 155: 145: 135: 127: 119: 63: 3980:. Vol. 2. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. 3795:. Nashville, Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group. 2949: 675:Assyria first rose as a prominent state under the 58:8th-Century BCE Assyrian king, Neo-Assyrian Empire 3176:Cogan, Mordechai (2017). "Restoring the Empire". 1487:; who is attentive to the lifting of the eyes of 3502:. The Netherlands Institute for the Near East. 3159:Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur 1469: 3892:. In Collins, John J.; Manning, J. G. (eds.). 2727: 2715: 645:Some Assyriologists, such as Eckart Frahm and 559:In some non-contemporary sources, such as the 6342: 4707: 4111: 1279:("to give"); Iaba might have been of Arab or 1014:, which he accused of plotting against him. 322:, who seized the throne from his predecessor 8: 5679:Babylon under foreign rule (539 BC – AD 224) 3755:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 3050:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 2751: 2679: 1944: 1690: 1590: 1061:. This campaign resulted in the conquest of 544:, adopted upon his accession to the throne, 3812:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 3647:Jacobs, Joseph; Price, Ira Maurice (1906). 1905: 1507:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire 6548: 6521: 6392: 6369: 6349: 6335: 6327: 6040: 5850: 5701: 5686: 5673: 5618: 5448: 5189: 4973: 4812: 4757: 4748: 4714: 4700: 4692: 4118: 4104: 4096: 4015: 3499:Babylonia 689-627 B.C: A Political History 2964: 1530:This estimate assumes Tiglath-Pileser was 104: 60: 3319:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3214: 3091:. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. 1890: 1846: 1725: 3336:Journal of the American Oriental Society 2901: 2865: 2811: 2656: 2644: 2632: 2617: 2605: 2534: 2507: 2495: 2447: 2435: 2291: 2057: 1861: 1795: 1771: 1702: 1675: 2739: 2223: 1873: 1834: 1783: 1580: 1523: 51:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 3974:"Shalmaneser V and His Era, Revisited" 3972:Yamada, Keiko; Yamada, Shiego (2017). 2983:"Book Reviews: Thierberger, Frederic, 2937: 2925: 2913: 2850: 2823: 2763: 2703: 2691: 2522: 2394: 2370: 2355: 2303: 2274: 2136: 2094: 2082: 1932: 1819: 1807: 1744: 1663: 1255:, Tiglath-Pileser's queen, from Nimrud 3265:. Nimrud Conference. pp. 81–82. 3026:A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75 2889: 2877: 2799: 2775: 2593: 2581: 2546: 2459: 2343: 2262: 2211: 2199: 2187: 2175: 2163: 2148: 2109: 2036: 1956: 1920: 1485:king of the four corners of the world 403:, making him Ashur-nirari's brother. 110:Tiglath-Pileser III as depicted on a 89:King of the Four Corners of the World 7: 2838: 2787: 2483: 2471: 2423: 2382: 1759: 279: 4147:Legendary kings and early governors 3936:. Stellenbosch: African Sun Media. 3833:Journal of Anthropological Research 3566:. In Cogan, M.; Ephʿal, I. (eds.). 3287:(PhD thesis). University of Sydney. 3046:"Babylonian Chronology and History" 2122:Merrill, Rooker & Grisanti 2011 4004:State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 1259:Tiglath-Pileser's queen was named 754:, a prominent adversary of Assyria 114:from the walls of his royal palace 25: 3749:Luckenbill, Daniel David (1926). 53: instead of cuneiform script. 6571:Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III 6313: 6312: 3589:. Rome: Instituto per l‘Oriente. 1543:Sometimes alternatively spelled 1135:to guide her political actions. 589: 584: 31: 6634:8th-century BC kings of Babylon 3085:Brinkman, John Anthony (1968). 1386:in the Hebrew Bible and in the 1184:In 731, the Chaldean chieftain 841:Shamshi-ilu, were subjected to 799: 788: 734: 719: 700: 689: 532: 371:Ancestry and rise to the throne 261: 2950:Luukko & Van Buylaere 2017 1030:and various states in eastern 665:Assyria before Tiglath-Pileser 1: 6629:8th-century BC Assyrian kings 4433: 4168: 4033: 3594:Grayson, Albert Kirk (1982). 3023:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). 1108:, as well as Israel. In 732, 175: 163: 6639:Monarchs in the Hebrew Bible 4090:729 – 727 BC 4063:745 – 727 BC 3845:10.3998/jar.0521004.0067.303 3672:Altorientalische Forschungen 3117:Journal of Cuneiform Studies 290: 270: 3614:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: 1251:A funerary stone tablet of 6665: 3713:10.1163/156853302760013866 3616:Cambridge University Press 3366:Sargon II, King of Assyria 3197:Collon, Dominique (2010). 3178:Israel Exploration Journal 3155:"A List of Assyrian Kings" 1460: 1291:proposed that Iaba was of 668: 531: 410:but per the Assyriologist 260: 6588: 6561:Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal 6551: 6372: 6310: 5885:Antigonus I Monophthalmus 5685: 5672: 4747: 4727: 4131: 4083: 4075: 4065: 4056: 4048: 4018: 3995:Zawadzki, Stefan (1994). 3636:; Yamada, Shigeo (2011). 3405:Filoni, Fernando (2017). 3313:Düring, Bleda S. (2020). 3278:Davenport, T. L. (2016). 3216:10.1017/S0021088900000619 1377:depicting Tiglath-Pileser 280: 103: 68: 5179:Middle Babylonian period 4733:List of kings of Babylon 3874:Assyrian empire builders 2981:Albright, W. F. (1949). 2752:Yamada & Yamada 2017 2680:Yamada & Yamada 2017 2318:The University of Sydney 1945:Yamada & Yamada 2017 1691:Yamada & Yamada 2017 1591:Yamada & Yamada 2017 671:History of the Assyrians 5349:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II 3654:The Jewish Encyclopedia 3384:Elayi, Josette (2022). 3363:Elayi, Josette (2017). 2073:61 pages - hal.science 2022:balshanut.wordpress.com 1981:Kaufman, Steve (2007). 1906:Jacobs & Price 1906 1481:king of Sumer and Akkad 1463:Akkadian royal titulary 904:, the capital of Urartu 571:and the works of later 84:King of Sumer and Akkad 5966:Antiochus IV Epiphanes 5959:Seleucus IV Philopator 5931:Seleucus II Callinicus 5303:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I 4428:Middle Assyrian Empire 4137:List of Assyrian kings 3914:A Companion to Assyria 3888:Radner, Karen (2016). 3868:Radner, Karen (2012). 3771:A Companion to Assyria 3731:A Companion to Assyria 3559:Garelli, Paul (1991). 3541:A Companion to Assyria 3520:A Companion to Assyria 3475:A Companion to Assyria 3454:A Companion to Assyria 3390:. Atlanta: SBL Press. 3369:. Atlanta: SBL Press. 3243:A Companion to Assyria 3029:. Pondicherry: Wiley. 3005:A Companion to Assyria 1502:List of Assyrian kings 1493: 1378: 1315:element deriving from 1256: 1205: 1148: 1096: 962: 954: 945:Conquest of the Levant 905: 833: 755: 728:. Ashurnasirpal's son 677:Middle Assyrian Empire 507: 442: 383: 294:) was the king of the 39:This article contains 6644:Kings of the Universe 6075:Antiochus VII Sidetes 5938:Seleucus III Ceraunus 5871:Philip III Arrhidaeus 5608:Neo-Babylonian Empire 5510:Marduk-apla-iddina II 5505:Marduk-zakir-shumi II 5486:Marduk-apla-iddina II 4802:Old Babylonian Empire 4499:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur 3684:10.1524/aof.2013.0006 3598:. In Boardman, John; 3570:. Jerusalem: Magnes. 2991:Jewish Social Studies 2069:Gerard Gertoux 2015, 1969:(2018) İncirli Stele. 1471:Tiglath-Pileser, the 1388:Babylonian Chronicles 1372: 1250: 1243:Family and succession 1223:Marduk-apla-iddina II 1203: 1146: 1139:Conquest of Babylonia 1122:a few decades prior. 1091: 960: 952: 899: 831: 810:(commander-in-chief) 746: 493: 433:A wall painting from 432: 378: 257:Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 6532:State communications 6015:Demetrius II Nicator 5374:Marduk-zakir-shumi I 5354:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 5298:Eulmash-shakin-shumi 5202:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu 5155:Marduk-apla-iddina I 4020:Tiglath-Pileser III 2306:, pp. 526, 528. 2151:, pp. 167, 169. 1999:10.1086/MAR200714202 1971:hittitemonuments.com 1477:king of the universe 1453:to record messages. 1311:) could represent a 1287:) descent. In 1998, 824:Reforms and policies 565:Babylonian King List 94:King of the Universe 6614:Neo-Assyrian Empire 6454:Tiglath-Pileser III 6382:Resettlement policy 6358:Neo-Assyrian Empire 5980:Antiochus V Eupator 5945:Antiochus III Megas 5473:Tiglath-Pileser III 5438:Neo-Assyrian period 5379:Marduk-balassu-iqbi 5212:Ninurta-nadin-shumi 5120:Shagarakti-Shuriash 4636:Tiglath-Pileser III 4579:Neo-Assyrian Empire 4413:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II 4163:Old Assyrian period 3044:Bertin, G. (1891). 2904:, pp. 534–535. 2766:, pp. 365–367. 2754:, pp. 397–400. 2730:, pp. 217–218. 2728:Lawson Younger 2002 2716:Lawson Younger 2002 2647:, pp. 196–197. 2525:, pp. 300–301. 2498:, pp. 162–163. 2474:, pp. 270–271. 2450:, pp. 161–162. 2438:, pp. 154–155. 2346:, pp. 177–178. 2226:, pp. 277–278. 2178:, pp. 170–171. 1923:, pp. 303–304. 1762:, pp. 200–201. 1479:, king of Assyria, 1475:, the mighty king, 707:Neo-Assyrian Empire 647:Paul-Alain Beaulieu 546:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra 527:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra 504:Nuremberg Chronicle 296:Neo-Assyrian Empire 281:תִּגְלַת פִּלְאֶסֶר 271:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra 253:Tiglath-Pileser III 220:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra 122:Neo-Assyrian Empire 64:Tiglath-Pileser III 18:Tiglath-pileser III 6556:Assyrian sculpture 6408:Tukulti-Ninurta II 5924:Antiochus II Theos 5905:Seleucus I Nicator 5840:Hellenistic period 5735:Nebuchadnezzar III 5326:Mar-biti-apla-usur 5308:Shirikti-shuqamuna 5232:Marduk-shapik-zeri 5207:Itti-Marduk-balatu 5160:Zababa-shuma-iddin 5135:Kadashman-Harbe II 5110:Kadashman-Enlil II 4596:Tukulti-Ninurta II 4564:Tiglath-Pileser II 4559:Ashur-resh-ishi II 4484:Enlil-kudurri-usur 4408:Ashur-rim-nisheshu 4403:Ashur-bel-nisheshu 4388:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I 3608:Sollberger, Edmond 3408:The Church in Iraq 3153:Chen, Fei (2020). 1549:Tiglath-Pileser IV 1427:translatio imperii 1381:The Assyriologist 1379: 1257: 1206: 1149: 1097: 963: 955: 906: 887:Wars and conquests 859:("king's unit"). 834: 793:783–773 BC), 756: 508: 443: 393:Assyrian King List 384: 6601: 6600: 6584: 6583: 6540: 6539: 6513: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6324: 6323: 6306: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6035:(141 BC – AD 224) 6024: 6023: 6001:Demetrius I Soter 5987:Demetrius I Soter 5912:Antiochus I Soter 5834: 5833: 5747:Nebuchadnezzar IV 5680: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5636:Nebuchadnezzar II 5602: 5601: 5432: 5431: 5424:Nabu-suma-ukin II 5409:Nabu-shuma-ishkun 5364:Nabu-shuma-ukin I 5280:Kashshu-nadin-ahi 5242:Marduk-ahhe-eriba 5227:Marduk-nadin-ahhe 5173: 5172: 5140:Adad-shuma-iddina 5130:Enlil-nadin-shumi 5075:Kadashman-Enlil I 5065:Kadashman-Harbe I 4957: 4956: 4796: 4795: 4689: 4688: 4584: 4519:Asharid-apal-Ekur 4514:Tiglath-Pileser I 4509:Ashur-resh-ishi I 4489:Ninurta-apal-Ekur 4469:Tukulti-Ninurta I 4437: 4172: 4094: 4093: 4066:Succeeded by 3701:Vetus Testamentum 3649:"TIGLATH-PILESER" 3604:Hammond, N. G. L. 3600:Edwards, I. E. S. 3098:978-88-7653-243-6 2620:, pp. 89–90. 1893:, pp. 37–41. 1545:Tiglatpileser III 1447:Semitic languages 1432:Achaemenid Empire 1336:Nicholas Postgate 1028:Kingdom of Israel 844:damnatio memoriae 726:ancient Near East 288: 268: 250: 249: 47:rendering support 16:(Redirected from 6656: 6549: 6522: 6501:Ashur-uballit II 6495:Sin-shumu-lishir 6484:Ashur-etil-ilani 6413:Ashurnasirpal II 6393: 6370: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6328: 6316: 6315: 6041: 6037: 6036: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5687: 5678: 5674: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5524:Aššur-nādin-šumi 5449: 5445: 5444: 5399:Marduk-apla-usur 5369:Nabu-apla-iddina 5359:Shamash-mudammiq 5237:Adad-apla-iddina 5222:Enlil-nadin-apli 5217:Nebuchadnezzar I 5190: 5186: 5185: 5080:Burna-Buriash II 4974: 4970: 4969: 4902:Unknown king (?) 4813: 4809: 4808: 4788: 4783: 4776: 4758: 4749: 4722:Kings of Babylon 4716: 4709: 4702: 4693: 4681:Ashur-uballit II 4671:Sin-shumu-lishir 4666:Ashur-etil-ilani 4601:Ashurnasirpal II 4582: 4479:Ashur-nirari III 4474:Ashur-nadin-apli 4435: 4431: 4353:Shamshi-Adad III 4170: 4166: 4126:Kings of Assyria 4120: 4113: 4106: 4097: 4076:Preceded by 4049:Preceded by 4044: 4037: 4035: 4016: 4011: 4001: 3991: 3968: 3947: 3928: 3907: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3864: 3827: 3806: 3785: 3764: 3745: 3724: 3695: 3666: 3643: 3629: 3590: 3581: 3565: 3555: 3534: 3513: 3489: 3468: 3447: 3434:Brill Publishers 3422: 3401: 3380: 3359: 3330: 3309: 3288: 3286: 3274: 3257: 3236: 3218: 3193: 3172: 3149: 3110: 3081: 3040: 3019: 2998: 2968: 2962: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2330: 2329: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2040: 2034: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2010: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1909: 1903: 1894: 1888: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1748: 1742: 1729: 1723: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1679: 1673: 1667: 1661: 1594: 1588: 1569: 1558: 1552: 1541: 1535: 1528: 1289:Stephanie Dalley 1275:("to name") and 869:Zagros Mountains 803: 801: 792: 790: 765:Taurus Mountains 738: 736: 723: 721: 715:Ashurnasirpal II 704: 702: 693: 691: 657:use of the word 593: 588: 536: 535: 534: 500:Theglathphalasar 447:Eponym Chronicle 293: 287:romanized: 286: 284: 282: 273: 267:romanized: 266: 264: 263: 177: 165: 108: 61: 41:cuneiform script 35: 34: 21: 6664: 6663: 6659: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6597: 6580: 6566:Lachish Reliefs 6536: 6505: 6434:Adad-nirari III 6418:Shalmaneser III 6391: 6361: 6355: 6325: 6320: 6294: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6030:Parthian period 6020: 6008:Alexander Balas 5890: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5830: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5681: 5660: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5598: 5564:Šamaš-šuma-ukin 5536:Mushezib-Marduk 5467:Nabu-mukin-zeri 5460: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5428: 5419:Nabu-nadin-zeri 5394:Marduk-bel-zeri 5384:Baba-aha-iddina 5344:Nabû-mukin-apli 5330: 5312: 5284: 5256: 5252:Nabu-shum-libur 5183: 5182: 5181: 5169: 5165:Enlil-nadin-ahi 5145:Adad-shuma-usur 5105:Kadashman-Turgu 5047:Kashtiliash III 4967: 4966: 4965: 4953: 4929:Peshgaldaramesh 4879: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4779: 4771: 4763: 4754: 4743: 4742: 4723: 4720: 4690: 4685: 4616:Adad-nirari III 4606:Shalmaneser III 4581: 4573: 4549:Ashur-nirari IV 4539:Ashurnasirpal I 4534:Shamshi-Adad IV 4444:Ashur-uballit I 4430: 4422: 4398:Ashur-nirari II 4363:Puzur-Ashur III 4343:Shamshi-Adad II 4165: 4157: 4156: 4127: 4124: 4089: 4086:King of Babylon 4081: 4079:Nabu-mukin-zeri 4071: 4062: 4059:King of Assyria 4054: 4038: 4029: 4028: 4025:Adaside dynasty 4021: 4014: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3971: 3950: 3944: 3931: 3925: 3910: 3904: 3887: 3878: 3876: 3867: 3830: 3809: 3803: 3788: 3782: 3767: 3748: 3742: 3727: 3698: 3669: 3646: 3632: 3626: 3593: 3584: 3578: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3537: 3531: 3516: 3510: 3492: 3486: 3471: 3465: 3450: 3444: 3425: 3419: 3404: 3398: 3383: 3377: 3362: 3333: 3327: 3312: 3291: 3284: 3277: 3260: 3254: 3239: 3196: 3175: 3169: 3152: 3130:10.2307/1359421 3113: 3099: 3084: 3062:10.2307/3678045 3043: 3037: 3022: 3016: 3001: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2965:Luckenbill 1926 2963: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2900: 2896: 2888: 2884: 2876: 2872: 2864: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2837: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2798: 2794: 2786: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2738: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2521: 2514: 2506: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2401: 2393: 2389: 2381: 2377: 2369: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2333: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2261: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2174: 2170: 2162: 2155: 2147: 2143: 2135: 2128: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2081: 2077: 2068: 2064: 2056: 2043: 2035: 2026: 2018: 2014: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1912: 1904: 1897: 1889: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1826: 1818: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1770: 1766: 1758: 1751: 1743: 1732: 1724: 1709: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1682: 1674: 1670: 1662: 1597: 1589: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1572: 1559: 1555: 1542: 1538: 1532:Adad-nirari III 1529: 1525: 1520: 1498: 1465: 1459: 1367: 1271:("beautiful"), 1245: 1211:king of Babylon 1186:Nabu-mukin-zeri 1141: 947: 894: 892:Early campaigns 889: 826: 821: 798: 787: 733: 730:Shalmaneser III 718: 699: 688: 673: 667: 561:Ptolemaic Canon 519:Tīglaṯ Pīl'eser 488: 455:Stefan Zawadzki 401:Adad-nirari III 373: 368: 360:king of Babylon 337:in battle near 291:Tīglaṯ Pīlʾeser 276:Biblical Hebrew 241:Adad-nirari III 231:Adaside dynasty 206: 201: 115: 98: 79:King of Babylon 74:King of Assyria 59: 56: 55: 54: 45:Without proper 36: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6662: 6660: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6619:790s BC births 6616: 6606: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6528: 6526: 6525:Infrastructure 6519: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6449:Ashur-nirari V 6446: 6441: 6439:Shalmaneser IV 6436: 6431: 6425: 6423:Shamshi-Adad V 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6403:Adad-nirari II 6399: 6397: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6373: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6360: articles 6356: 6354: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6331: 6322: 6321: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6261:Parthamaspates 6257: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6208: 6201: 6194: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6130: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6108:Mithridates II 6104: 6097: 6090: 6085: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6057: 6049: 6047: 6038: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6018: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5990: 5983: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5934: 5927: 5920: 5915: 5908: 5900: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5859: 5857: 5848: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5821: 5815: 5808: 5805:Artaxerxes III 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5749: 5744: 5737: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5710: 5708: 5699: 5691:Persian period 5683: 5682: 5677: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5651:Labashi-Marduk 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5616: 5604: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5589: 5586:Sîn-šumu-līšir 5582: 5575: 5568: 5559: 5552: 5545: 5538: 5533: 5531:Nergal-ushezib 5528: 5519: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5495: 5488: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5389:Ninurta-apla-X 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5294: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5266: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5198: 5196: 5187: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5125:Kashtiliash IV 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5100:Nazi-Maruttash 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5037:Burnaburiash I 5034: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5009:Kashtiliash II 5006: 5001: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4982: 4980: 4971: 4968:(1729–1157 BC) 4963:Kassite period 4959: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4900: 4895: 4889: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4821: 4819: 4810: 4807:(1894–1595 BC) 4798: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4777: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4755: 4752: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4696: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4631:Ashur-nirari V 4628: 4623: 4621:Shalmaneser IV 4618: 4613: 4611:Shamshi-Adad V 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4591:Adad-nirari II 4587: 4585: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4544:Shalmaneser II 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4524:Ashur-bel-kala 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4504:Mutakkil-Nusku 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4393:Enlil-Nasir II 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4358:Ashur-nirari I 4355: 4350: 4348:Ishme-Dagan II 4345: 4340: 4335: 4333:Sharma-Adad II 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4262:Ashur-apla-idi 4259: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4226: 4224:Shamshi-Adad I 4221: 4216: 4211: 4209:Puzur-Ashur II 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4175: 4173: 4159: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4152:Later kingship 4149: 4144: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4100: 4092: 4091: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4055: 4052:Ashur-nirari V 4050: 4046: 4045: 4022: 4019: 4013: 4012: 3992: 3987:978-1575067612 3986: 3969: 3948: 3943:978-1991201164 3942: 3929: 3924:978-1118325247 3923: 3908: 3903:978-9004330184 3902: 3885: 3865: 3839:(3): 357–386. 3828: 3807: 3802:978-0805440317 3801: 3786: 3781:978-1118325247 3780: 3765: 3746: 3741:978-1118325247 3740: 3725: 3707:(2): 207–218. 3696: 3678:(1): 108–124. 3667: 3644: 3642:. Eisenbrauns. 3630: 3624: 3591: 3582: 3577:978-9654933971 3576: 3556: 3551:978-1118325247 3550: 3535: 3530:978-1118325247 3529: 3514: 3509:978-9062580699 3508: 3490: 3485:978-1118325247 3484: 3469: 3464:978-1118325247 3463: 3448: 3443:978-9004265615 3442: 3423: 3418:978-0813229652 3417: 3402: 3397:978-1628374308 3396: 3381: 3376:978-1628371772 3375: 3360: 3348:10.2307/600148 3331: 3326:978-1108478748 3325: 3310: 3300:(2): 153–170. 3289: 3275: 3258: 3253:978-1118325247 3252: 3237: 3194: 3184:(2): 151–167. 3173: 3168:978-9004430921 3167: 3150: 3111: 3097: 3082: 3041: 3036:978-1405188999 3035: 3020: 3015:978-1118325247 3014: 2999: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2967:, p. 280. 2954: 2952:, p. 319. 2942: 2940:, p. 149. 2930: 2928:, p. 147. 2918: 2906: 2894: 2882: 2880:, p. 161. 2870: 2868:, p. 536. 2855: 2853:, p. 133. 2843: 2828: 2826:, p. 137. 2816: 2814:, p. 154. 2804: 2792: 2790:, p. 201. 2780: 2778:, p. 154. 2768: 2756: 2744: 2732: 2720: 2718:, p. 207. 2708: 2706:, p. 114. 2696: 2694:, p. 149. 2684: 2682:, p. 393. 2661: 2659:, p. 198. 2649: 2637: 2635:, p. 196. 2622: 2610: 2598: 2596:, p. 209. 2586: 2584:, p. 178. 2551: 2549:, p. 179. 2539: 2537:, p. 162. 2527: 2512: 2510:, p. 163. 2500: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2462:, p. 254. 2452: 2440: 2428: 2426:, p. 270. 2399: 2397:, p. 262. 2387: 2375: 2373:, p. 210. 2360: 2358:, p. 212. 2348: 2331: 2308: 2296: 2294:, p. 153. 2279: 2277:, p. 142. 2267: 2265:, p. 177. 2228: 2216: 2214:, p. 175. 2204: 2202:, p. 173. 2192: 2190:, p. 171. 2180: 2168: 2166:, p. 172. 2153: 2141: 2139:, p. 144. 2126: 2114: 2112:, p. 167. 2099: 2087: 2075: 2062: 2060:, p. 197. 2041: 2039:, p. 176. 2024: 2012: 1973: 1961: 1959:, p. 194. 1949: 1947:, p. 388. 1937: 1925: 1910: 1908:, p. 145. 1895: 1891:Davenport 2016 1878: 1866: 1851: 1847:Davenport 2016 1839: 1824: 1822:, p. 270. 1812: 1810:, p. 367. 1800: 1788: 1776: 1774:, p. 406. 1764: 1749: 1730: 1726:Davenport 2016 1707: 1695: 1693:, p. 391. 1680: 1678:, p. 163. 1668: 1595: 1593:, p. 390. 1579: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1553: 1536: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1497: 1494: 1458: 1455: 1373:A relief from 1366: 1363: 1283:(Levantine or 1244: 1241: 1230:personal union 1140: 1137: 946: 943: 925:, king of the 893: 890: 888: 885: 825: 822: 820: 817: 784:Shalmaneser IV 696:Adad-nirari II 666: 663: 612: 611: 487: 484: 397:Ashur-nirari V 372: 369: 367: 364: 324:Ashur-nirari V 300:Assyrian kings 248: 247: 245:Ashur-nirari V 238: 234: 233: 228: 222: 221: 218: 212: 211: 196: 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 172: 168: 167: 161: 157: 156: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 140:Ashur-nirari V 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 117: 116: 109: 101: 100: 97: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 70: 66: 65: 57: 49:, you may see 37: 30: 29: 28: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6661: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6624:727 BC deaths 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6587: 6577: 6576:Balawat Gates 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6516: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6490: 6489:Sinsharishkun 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6459:Shalmaneser V 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6444:Ashur-Dan III 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6364: 6359: 6352: 6347: 6345: 6340: 6338: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6319: 6309: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6254:Vologases III 6251: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6242: 6241: 6240:Artabanus III 6237: 6235: 6234: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6054:Mithridates I 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6031: 6027: 6017: 6016: 6012: 6010: 6009: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5991: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5963: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5864:Alexander III 5861: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5841: 5837: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5812:Artaxerxes IV 5809: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5798:Artaxerxes II 5795: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5759:Shamash-eriba 5757: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5675: 5671: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5595: 5594: 5593:Sinsharishkun 5590: 5588: 5587: 5583: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5574: 5573: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5480:Shalmaneser V 5477: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5439: 5435: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5275:Ea-mukin-zeri 5273: 5271: 5270:Simbar-shipak 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5184:(1157–732 BC) 5180: 5176: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056:Kadashman-Sah 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4996:Kashtiliash I 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4944:Melamkurkurra 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4934:Ayadaragalama 4932: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4898:Itti-ili-nibi 4896: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4774:foreign ruler 4769: 4768: 4765: 4759: 4756: 4750: 4746: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4717: 4712: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4698: 4697: 4694: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4676:Sinsharishkun 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4641:Shalmaneser V 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4626:Ashur-dan III 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4554:Ashur-rabi II 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4529:Eriba-Adad II 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4464:Shalmaneser I 4462: 4460: 4459:Adad-nirari I 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4378:Ashur-shaduni 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4368:Enlil-nasir I 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4308:Sharma-Adad I 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4229:Ishme-Dagan I 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4179:Puzur-Ashur I 4177: 4176: 4174: 4171:2025–1364 BC) 4164: 4160: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4088: 4087: 4080: 4074: 4070: 4069:Shalmaneser V 4061: 4060: 4053: 4047: 4042: 4032: 4027: 4026: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3909: 3905: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3635: 3634:Tadmor, Hayim 3631: 3627: 3625:0-521-22496-9 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3424: 3420: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3382: 3378: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3283: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2916:, p. 37. 2915: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2902:Liverani 2017 2898: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2866:Liverani 2017 2862: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2844: 2841:, p. 38. 2840: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2812:Dubovský 2006 2808: 2805: 2802:, p. 28. 2801: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2745: 2742:, p. 81. 2741: 2736: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2657:Beaulieu 2018 2653: 2650: 2646: 2645:Beaulieu 2018 2641: 2638: 2634: 2633:Beaulieu 2018 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2618:Brinkman 1973 2614: 2611: 2608:, p. 89. 2607: 2606:Brinkman 1973 2602: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2535:Dubovský 2006 2531: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2508:Dubovský 2006 2504: 2501: 2497: 2496:Dubovský 2006 2492: 2489: 2486:, p. 20. 2485: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2448:Dubovský 2006 2444: 2441: 2437: 2436:Dubovský 2006 2432: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2385:, p. 42. 2384: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2292:Dubovský 2006 2288: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2124:, p. 30. 2123: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2097:, p. 46. 2096: 2091: 2088: 2085:, p. 43. 2084: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2058:Beaulieu 2018 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2013: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1938: 1935:, p. 49. 1934: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1876:, p. 48. 1875: 1870: 1867: 1864:, p. 55. 1863: 1862:Zawadzki 1994 1858: 1856: 1852: 1849:, p. 41. 1848: 1843: 1840: 1837:, p. 46. 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1801: 1798:, p. 54. 1797: 1796:Zawadzki 1994 1792: 1789: 1786:, p. 73. 1785: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1772:Brinkman 1968 1768: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1747:, p. 47. 1746: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1728:, p. 36. 1727: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1705:, p. 53. 1704: 1703:Zawadzki 1994 1699: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1676:Albright 1949 1672: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1575: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1524: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1468: 1464: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1398:15,32–16,20, 1397: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1376: 1371: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1345:Shalmaneser V 1341: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1254: 1249: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1237: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1212: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1145: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1015: 1013: 1007: 1005: 1004:Aram-Damascus 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 967: 959: 951: 944: 942: 940: 935: 930: 928: 924: 919: 917: 912: 903: 898: 891: 886: 884: 881: 880:Resettlements 876: 874: 870: 866: 860: 858: 854: 853:siege engines 848: 846: 845: 840: 830: 823: 818: 816: 813: 809: 808: 796: 795:Ashur-dan III 785: 780: 778: 774: 768: 766: 761: 753: 749: 745: 741: 731: 727: 716: 710: 708: 697: 686: 682: 678: 672: 664: 662: 660: 656: 650: 648: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 609: 608: 607: 605: 600: 597:In 2007, the 595: 592: 587: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 540:Presumably a 539: 528: 524: 520: 517: 513: 505: 501: 497: 492: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 469: 464: 462: 461: 456: 452: 448: 440: 439:Shalmaneser V 436: 431: 427: 423: 421: 415: 413: 409: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 382: 377: 370: 365: 363: 361: 357: 353: 349: 348:Aram-Damascus 345: 340: 336: 332: 327: 325: 321: 315: 313: 309: 305: 304:standing army 301: 297: 292: 277: 272: 258: 254: 246: 242: 239: 235: 232: 229: 227: 223: 219: 217: 213: 209: 204: 200: 199:Shalmaneser V 197: 195: 191: 188: 185: 181: 174:727 BC (aged 173: 169: 162: 158: 154: 151: 150:Shalmaneser V 148: 144: 141: 138: 134: 130: 126: 123: 118: 113: 107: 102: 99: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 75: 72: 71: 67: 62: 52: 48: 44: 42: 27: 19: 6493: 6479:Ashurbanipal 6453: 6289:Artabanus IV 6287: 6282:Vologases VI 6280: 6273: 6268:Vologases IV 6266: 6259: 6252: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6198:Artabanus II 6196: 6189: 6182: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146:Phraates III 6144: 6137: 6132: 6125: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6087: 6080: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6013: 6006: 5999: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5957: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5917: 5910: 5903: 5883: 5878:Alexander IV 5876: 5869: 5862: 5845:(331–141 BC) 5823: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5770:Artaxerxes I 5768: 5764:Bel-shimanni 5751: 5739: 5727: 5720: 5713: 5696:(539–331 BC) 5631:Nabopolassar 5613:(626–539 BC) 5591: 5584: 5577: 5572:Ashurbanipal 5570: 5562: 5561: 5556:Ashurbanipal 5554: 5547: 5540: 5522: 5521: 5514: 5497: 5490: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5443:(732–626 BC) 5404:Eriba-Marduk 5247:Marduk-zer-X 5095:Kurigalzu II 5085:Kara-hardash 5033:Unknown king 5024:Harba-Shipak 5014:Urzigurumash 5000:Unknown king 4906:Damqi-ilishu 4875:Samsu-Ditana 4845:Sin-Muballit 4780: 4773: 4770:Kings 4738:Royal titles 4661:Ashurbanipal 4635: 4583:(911–609 BC) 4569:Ashur-dan II 4454:Arik-den-ili 4449:Enlil-nirari 4436:1363–912 BC) 4418:Eriba-Adad I 4383:Ashur-rabi I 4142:Royal titles 4084: 4057: 4040: 4030: 4023: 4007: 4003: 3977: 3956: 3952: 3933: 3913: 3893: 3877:. Retrieved 3873: 3836: 3832: 3818:(1): 38–49. 3815: 3811: 3791: 3770: 3751: 3730: 3704: 3700: 3675: 3671: 3652: 3638: 3611: 3586: 3567: 3540: 3519: 3498: 3494:Frame, Grant 3474: 3453: 3428: 3407: 3386: 3365: 3342:(1): 20–34. 3339: 3335: 3315: 3297: 3293: 3280: 3262: 3242: 3206: 3202: 3181: 3177: 3158: 3124:(2): 89–95. 3121: 3115: 3087: 3053: 3049: 3025: 3004: 2994: 2990: 2985:King Solomon 2984: 2974:Bibliography 2945: 2933: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2892:, p. 2. 2885: 2873: 2846: 2819: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2771: 2759: 2747: 2740:Damerji 2008 2735: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2652: 2640: 2613: 2601: 2589: 2542: 2530: 2503: 2491: 2479: 2467: 2455: 2443: 2431: 2390: 2378: 2351: 2317: 2311: 2299: 2270: 2224:Grayson 1982 2219: 2207: 2195: 2183: 2171: 2144: 2117: 2090: 2078: 2065: 2015: 1990: 1986: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1940: 1928: 1874:Garelli 1991 1869: 1842: 1835:Garelli 1991 1815: 1803: 1791: 1784:Grayson 1981 1779: 1767: 1698: 1671: 1556: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1526: 1470: 1466: 1444: 1436: 1425: 1423: 1419:world empire 1412: 1408: 1402:27,1–28,27, 1400:2 Chronicles 1383:Hayim Tadmor 1380: 1359:Sin-ahu-usur 1355: 1352: 1342: 1339: 1331: 1327: 1325: 1321:Simo Parpola 1308: 1304: 1281:West Semitic 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1258: 1234: 1227: 1215: 1207: 1190:Bit-Amukkani 1183: 1150: 1124: 1098: 1056: 1040: 1016: 1008: 974:kingdoms of 972:Syro-Hittite 968: 964: 931: 920: 907: 877: 861: 856: 849: 842: 838: 835: 805: 781: 769: 757: 711: 685:Ashur-dan II 674: 661:“the heir”. 658: 655:hypocoristic 651: 644: 627: 623: 619: 613: 603: 596: 580: 558: 545: 538: 533:𒆪𒋾𒀀𒂍𒈗𒊏 526: 518: 512:Hebrew Bible 509: 502:in the 1493 499: 495: 480: 476: 472: 465: 458: 449:, a list of 446: 444: 424: 420:Paul Garelli 416: 412:Karen Radner 408: 405: 392: 385: 352:Hebrew Bible 328: 316: 262:𒆪𒋾𒀀𒂍𒈗𒊏 252: 251: 208:Sin-ahu-usur 120:King of the 69: 38: 26: 6469:Sennacherib 6428:Shammuramat 6275:Vologases V 6226:Vologases I 6212:Gotarzes II 6170:Phraates IV 6101:Artabanus I 6094:Hyspaosines 6082:Phraates II 6061:Phraates II 5722:Cambyses II 5646:Neriglissar 5641:Amel-Marduk 5542:Sennacherib 5499:Sennacherib 5150:Meli-Shipak 5115:Kudur-Enlil 5090:Nazi-Bugash 5070:Kurigalzu I 5042:Ulamburiash 5029:Shipta'ulzi 5004:Abi-Rattash 4893:Ilum-ma-ili 4870:Ammi-Saduqa 4865:Ammi-Ditana 4855:Samsu-iluna 4781:vassal king 4651:Sennacherib 4494:Ashur-dan I 4338:Erishum III 4286:Adad-salulu 4280:Ipqi-Ishtar 4257:Ashur-dugul 4184:Shalim-ahum 3959:: 265–275. 3209:: 149–162. 2938:Radner 2021 2926:Radner 2021 2914:Filoni 2017 2851:Düring 2020 2824:Düring 2020 2764:Parker 2011 2704:Kertai 2013 2692:Collon 2010 2523:Frahm 2017b 2395:Fuchs 2017b 2371:Radner 2017 2356:Radner 2017 2304:Dalley 2017 2275:Düring 2020 2137:Düring 2020 2095:Düring 2020 2083:Düring 2020 1993:(2): 7–26. 1933:Bertin 1891 1820:Yamada 2003 1808:Parker 2011 1745:Radner 2016 1664:Radner 2012 1406:, 7,1–25). 1002:kingdom of 857:kiṣir šarri 812:Shamshi-ilu 577:Greco-Roman 542:regnal name 468:Shamshi-ilu 460:coup d'etat 136:Predecessor 6608:Categories 6474:Esarhaddon 6233:Pacorus II 6219:Vonones II 6205:Vardanes I 6184:Orodes III 6177:Phraates V 6152:Piriustana 6139:Sinatruces 6121:Asi'abatar 6115:Gotarzes I 5825:Darius III 5549:Esarhaddon 5414:Nabonassar 5060:Karaindash 4830:Sumu-la-El 4656:Esarhaddon 4234:Mut-Ashkur 4219:Erishum II 3879:9 February 3432:. Leiden: 2890:Elayi 2017 2878:Frahm 2017 2800:Elayi 2017 2776:Cogan 2017 2594:Frahm 2014 2582:Frahm 2017 2547:Frahm 2017 2460:Fuchs 2017 2344:Frahm 2017 2263:Frahm 2017 2212:Frahm 2017 2200:Frahm 2017 2188:Frahm 2017 2176:Frahm 2017 2164:Frahm 2017 2149:Frahm 2017 2110:Frahm 2017 2037:Frahm 2017 1957:Frame 1992 1921:Frame 1992 1576:References 1512:Iran Stele 1473:great king 1461:See also: 1313:theophoric 992:Phoenician 984:Carchemish 773:Sarduri II 748:Sarduri II 669:See also: 653:name as a 630:) of Que ( 616:de:Awariku 573:Babylonian 435:Til Barsip 366:Background 335:Sarduri II 166:795 BC (?) 131:745–727 BC 6464:Sargon II 6430:(regent?) 6191:Vonones I 6163:Orodes II 6157:Teleuniqe 6133:Ispubarza 5994:Timarchus 5973:Antiochus 5952:Antiochus 5818:Nidin-Bel 5791:Darius II 5784:Sogdianus 5777:Xerxes II 5656:Nabonidus 5579:Kandalanu 5492:Sargon II 4939:Akurduana 4921:Gulkishar 4916:Shushushi 4860:Abi-Eshuh 4850:Hammurabi 4825:Sumu-abum 4646:Sargon II 4328:Shu-Ninua 4313:Iptar-Sin 4274:Sin-namir 4268:Nasir-Sin 4252:Puzur-Sin 4214:Naram-Sin 4194:Erishum I 4189:Ilu-shuma 3896:. BRILL. 3861:145597598 3761:492663064 3692:163392326 3663:460204274 3496:(2007) . 3271:276334503 3233:191932360 3161:. BRILL. 3146:163623620 3078:164087631 2839:Oded 1974 2788:Chen 2020 2484:Elat 1978 2472:Bagg 2017 2424:Bagg 2017 2383:Oded 1974 2326:159717852 2007:257837087 1760:Chen 2020 1349:Sargon II 1219:Bit-Yakin 1188:, of the 1128:Qedarites 1048:Wasusarma 1034:and some 934:Euphrates 927:Mannaeans 916:Silk Road 865:Babylonia 356:Babylonia 203:Sargon II 146:Successor 6649:Usurpers 6593:Category 6377:Military 6366:Politics 6318:Category 6247:Osroes I 6127:Orodes I 5918:Seleucus 5753:Xerxes I 5741:Darius I 5715:Cyrus II 5516:Bel-ibni 5052:Agum III 4949:Ea-gamil 4925:DIŠ+U-EN 4911:Ishkibal 4840:Apil-Sin 4298:Bel-bani 4204:Sargon I 4010:: 53–54. 3965:23629886 3853:41303323 3824:27930972 3610:(eds.). 3306:42614666 3225:20779022 3190:26740626 3056:: 1–52. 1496:See also 1301:Athaliah 1178:Chaldean 1170:Borsippa 1110:Damascus 1106:Asqaluna 1094:Damascus 1067:Asqaluna 1032:Anatolia 998:and the 994:city of 873:Anatolia 620:Awarikku 523:Akkadian 331:Urartian 310:into an 216:Akkadian 6545:Culture 6518:Economy 5729:Bardiya 5019:Agum II 4986:Gandash 4787:female) 4762:Dynasty 4373:Nur-ili 4323:Lullaya 3721:1585090 3294:Biblica 3138:1359421 3070:3678045 2320:: 126. 1562:Ninurta 1534:'s son. 1451:scribes 1440:Aramaic 1396:2 Kings 1392:2 Kings 1285:Aramean 1181:south. 1154:Babylon 1115:Megiddo 1044:Phrygia 1000:Aramean 839:turtanu 807:turtanu 802: 791: 737: 722: 703: 692: 636:Danaans 599:Incirli 550:Ninurta 451:eponyms 320:usurper 308:Assyria 283:‎ 226:Dynasty 6396:Rulers 6387:Queens 6088:Ubulna 4991:Agum I 4835:Sabium 4753:Period 4318:Bazaya 4303:Libaya 4246:Asinum 4240:Rimush 4199:Ikunum 4043:727 BC 4039: 4036:795 BC 3984: 3963: 3940: 3921: 3900: 3859: 3851: 3822: 3799: 3778: 3759: 3738: 3719: 3690: 3661: 3622: 3606:& 3574: 3548: 3527: 3506: 3482: 3461: 3440: 3415: 3394: 3373: 3356:600148 3354: 3323: 3304: 3269: 3250: 3231: 3223: 3188: 3165: 3144: 3136: 3105: 3095: 3076: 3068: 3033: 3012: 2997:: 163. 2324: 2005: 1987:MAARAV 1457:Titles 1415:empire 1404:Isaiah 1375:Nimrud 1365:Legacy 1317:Yahweh 1297:Atalia 1293:Hebrew 1174:Nippur 1026:, the 1024:Byblos 1020:Pattin 980:Kummuh 976:Gurgum 939:Tushpa 923:Iranzu 911:Tigris 902:Tushpa 867:, the 760:Urartu 752:Urartu 640:Mopsos 628:Urikki 624:Warika 567:, the 563:, the 516:Hebrew 494:Kings 389:Nimrud 381:Nimrud 344:Levant 312:empire 237:Father 183:Spouse 6068:Rinnu 4292:Adasi 4041:Died: 4031:Born: 4000:(PDF) 3961:JSTOR 3857:S2CID 3849:JSTOR 3820:JSTOR 3717:JSTOR 3688:S2CID 3564:(PDF) 3352:JSTOR 3302:JSTOR 3285:(PDF) 3229:S2CID 3221:JSTOR 3186:JSTOR 3142:S2CID 3134:JSTOR 3107:17793 3074:S2CID 3066:JSTOR 2322:S2CID 2003:S2CID 1566:Ashur 1518:Notes 1489:Enlil 1236:Akitu 1132:Samsi 1083:Ammon 1071:Judah 1059:Egypt 1052:Tabal 819:Reign 777:Arpad 681:Assur 604:Puwal 569:Bible 554:Ashur 525:name 496:Phull 339:Arpad 333:king 194:Issue 128:Reign 112:stele 5896:XIII 5336:VIII 3982:ISBN 3938:ISBN 3919:ISBN 3898:ISBN 3881:2022 3797:ISBN 3776:ISBN 3757:OCLC 3736:ISBN 3659:OCLC 3620:ISBN 3572:ISBN 3546:ISBN 3525:ISBN 3504:ISBN 3480:ISBN 3459:ISBN 3438:ISBN 3413:ISBN 3392:ISBN 3371:ISBN 3321:ISBN 3267:OCLC 3248:ISBN 3203:Iraq 3163:ISBN 3103:OCLC 3093:ISBN 3031:ISBN 3010:ISBN 1332:ia-a 1309:ia-a 1265:Iabâ 1261:Iaba 1253:Iaba 1195:Elam 1172:and 1166:Uruk 1158:Kish 1120:Amos 1104:and 1102:Tyre 1081:and 1079:Moab 1075:Edom 1063:Gaza 1036:Arab 1012:Hama 996:Tyre 988:Quwê 986:and 978:and 871:and 659:aplu 632:Quwê 581:Pūlu 575:and 498:and 486:Name 445:The 407:all, 187:Iaba 171:Died 160:Born 6045:XIV 5855:XII 5820:(?) 5318:VII 4978:III 4294:(?) 4288:(?) 4282:(?) 4276:(?) 4270:(?) 4264:(?) 4248:(?) 4242:(?) 4236:(?) 3841:doi 3709:doi 3680:doi 3344:doi 3211:doi 3126:doi 3058:doi 1995:doi 1330:or 1328:i-a 1323:. 1307:or 1305:i-a 1277:yhb 1273:nby 1269:yph 1050:of 767:. 750:of 709:. 642:'. 243:or 210:(?) 205:(?) 178:68) 6610:: 5706:XI 5456:IX 5290:VI 5194:IV 4885:II 4434:c. 4169:c. 4034:c. 4006:. 4002:. 3957:27 3955:. 3872:. 3855:. 3847:. 3837:67 3835:. 3816:90 3814:. 3715:. 3705:52 3703:. 3686:. 3676:40 3674:. 3651:. 3618:. 3602:; 3436:. 3350:. 3340:98 3338:. 3298:87 3296:. 3227:. 3219:. 3207:72 3205:. 3201:. 3182:67 3180:. 3157:. 3140:. 3132:. 3122:25 3120:. 3101:. 3072:. 3064:. 3052:. 3048:. 2995:11 2993:. 2989:. 2957:^ 2858:^ 2831:^ 2664:^ 2625:^ 2554:^ 2515:^ 2402:^ 2363:^ 2334:^ 2282:^ 2231:^ 2156:^ 2129:^ 2102:^ 2044:^ 2027:^ 2001:. 1991:14 1989:. 1985:. 1913:^ 1898:^ 1881:^ 1854:^ 1827:^ 1752:^ 1733:^ 1710:^ 1683:^ 1598:^ 1583:^ 1483:, 1168:, 1164:, 1162:Ur 1160:, 1156:, 1077:, 1073:, 1069:, 1006:. 982:, 941:. 918:. 800:r. 789:r. 735:r. 720:r. 701:r. 690:r. 626:, 622:, 606:. 583:, 556:. 537:). 362:. 285:, 278:: 265:, 259:: 176:c. 164:c. 6350:e 6343:t 6336:v 5623:X 5262:V 4817:I 4772:( 4715:e 4708:t 4701:v 4432:( 4167:( 4119:e 4112:t 4105:v 4008:8 3990:. 3967:. 3946:. 3927:. 3906:. 3883:. 3863:. 3843:: 3826:. 3805:. 3784:. 3763:. 3744:. 3723:. 3711:: 3694:. 3682:: 3665:. 3628:. 3580:. 3554:. 3533:. 3512:. 3488:. 3467:. 3446:. 3421:. 3400:. 3379:. 3358:. 3346:: 3329:. 3308:. 3273:. 3256:. 3235:. 3213:: 3192:. 3171:. 3148:. 3128:: 3109:. 3080:. 3060:: 3054:5 3039:. 3018:. 2987:" 2328:. 2009:. 1997:: 1666:. 1568:. 1551:. 1263:( 797:( 786:( 732:( 717:( 698:( 687:( 618:( 529:( 441:. 255:( 43:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index