39:
208:
Tie rods may be connected at the ends in various ways, but it is desirable that the strength of the connection should be at least equal to the strength of the rod. The ends may be threaded and passed through drilled holes or
248:, on July 17, 1981. The hotel had a large atrium with three walkways crossing it suspended from tie rods. Construction errors led to several of the walkways collapsing, killing 114 people and injuring over 200.
170:
In ships, tie rods are bolts which keep the whole engine structure under compression. They provide for fatigue strength. They also provide for proper running gear alignment which prevents
272:, from its center. The tie-rods to the corners (45°) correspond to the asymptotes, while the pair at 15° and 75° are conjugate, as are the pair at 30° and 60°. According to this model in
85:
Sometimes tie rods are retrofitted to bowing or subsiding masonry walls (brick, block, stone, etc.) to keep them from succumbing to lateral forces. The ends of the rods are secured by
205:
rod, that minimum area occurs at the root of the thread. Often rods are upset (made thicker at the ends) so that the tie rod does not become weaker when threads are cut into it.
115:
mechanism. They differ from the archetypal tie rod by both pushing and pulling (operating in both tension and compression). In the UK, these items are generally referred to as
217:
screwed on the ends. If the ends are threaded right- and left-hand the length between points of loading may be altered. This furnishes a second method for
100:
is not referred to as a "tie rod", but it essentially performs some of the same tension-force-counteracting purposes that tie rods perform.
229:
to receive a fitting which is connected to the supports. Another way of making end connections is to forge an eye or hook on the rod.
194:. The working strength of a tie rod is the product of the allowable working stress and the rod's minimum cross-sectional area.
237:
35:
loads only. It is any rod or bar-shaped structural member designed to prevent the separation of two parts, as in a vehicle.
353:
334:
184:
277:
188:
257:
241:
31:
if vertical) is a slender structural unit used as a tie and (in most applications) capable of carrying
38:
265:
261:
202:
97:
233:
43:
315:
330:
294:
273:
218:
32:
123:
191:
79:
214:
135:
347:
131:
174:. They help to reduce the bending stress being transmitted to the transverse girder.
198:
86:
221:
the rod at will by turning it in the nuts so that the length will be changed. A
222:
104:
289:
245:
171:
112:
56:
337:, page 307, link from University of Michigan Historical Math Collection
210:
161:
269:
183:
In general, because the ratio of the typical tie rod's length to its
146:
67:
268:
to rationalize tie rods at 15 degree radial spacing, to a square of
226:
164:
157:
93:
75:
63:
37:
59:
structures, tie rods are sometimes used in the fuselage or wings.
276:, the application of a load compressing the square results in a
150:
71:
149:
to take the component of the loads which is parallel to the
187:
is usually very large, it would buckle under the action of
280:
where the tie rods maintain their conjugate relations.
225:
will accomplish the same purpose. The ends may also be
317:
Official
Gazette of the United States Patent Office
8:
42:Tie rods and anchor plates in the ruins of
306:
145:are sometimes used in connection with
89:which may be visible from the outside.
314:Office, United States Patent (1903).
50:Subtypes and examples of applications
7:
333:& William C. Graustein (1922)
179:Physics and engineering principles
14:
335:Plane and Solid Analytic Geometry
134:to transmit the power from the
130:is a rod that connects several
256:Osgood and Graustein used the
238:Hyatt Regency walkway collapse
1:
62:Tie rods are often used in
370:
236:involving tie rods is the
70:, industrial buildings,
16:Slender structural unit
46:
320:. U.S. Patent Office.
258:rectangular hyperbola
41:
66:structures, such as
266:conjugate diameters
262:conjugate hyperbola
98:reinforced concrete
354:Building materials
234:structural failure
141:Tie rods known as
47:
44:Coventry Cathedral
331:William F. Osgood
295:Tie (engineering)
274:linear elasticity
124:steam locomotives
27:(also known as a
361:
338:
328:
322:
321:
311:
213:and retained by
111:are part of the
369:
368:
364:
363:
362:
360:
359:
358:
344:
343:
342:
341:
329:
325:
313:
312:
308:
303:
286:
254:
201:are cut into a
181:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
367:
365:
357:
356:
346:
345:
340:
339:
323:
305:
304:
302:
299:
298:
297:
292:
285:
282:
253:
250:
219:pre-tensioning
180:
177:
176:
175:
168:
154:
139:
136:connecting rod
132:driving wheels
120:
101:
90:
83:
60:
51:
48:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
366:
355:
352:
351:
349:
336:
332:
327:
324:
319:
318:
310:
307:
300:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
206:
204:
200:
195:
193:
190:
186:
185:cross section
178:
173:
169:
167:are tie rods.
166:
163:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
91:
88:
87:anchor plates
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
34:
30:
26:
22:
326:
316:
309:
255:
232:An infamous
231:
207:
196:
182:
142:
127:
116:
108:
28:
24:
20:
18:
278:deformation
242:Kansas City
203:cylindrical
189:compressive
105:automobiles
301:References
223:turnbuckle
117:track rods
29:hanger rod
348:Category
290:Guy-wire
284:See also
252:Geometry
246:Missouri
211:shackles
172:fretting
143:sag rods
113:steering
109:tie rods
96:used in
57:airplane
270:girders
199:threads
162:bicycle
147:purlins
128:tie rod
68:bridges
33:tensile
25:tie bar
21:tie rod
264:, and
260:, its
227:swaged
192:forces
165:wheels
158:spokes
107:, the
80:cranes
78:, and
76:towers
94:rebar
72:tanks
64:steel
215:nuts
156:The
151:roof
126:, a
92:The
240:in
197:If
160:of
122:In
103:In
55:In
23:or
350::
244:,
74:,
19:A
153:.
138:.
119:.
82:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
