124:
2304:
27:
2314:
2293:
2324:
2276:
2248:
2243:
1268:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2235:
2037:
2260:
2106:
2032:
2126:
110:
1911:
1459:
1261:
2022:
44:
2348:
2017:
1568:
91:
48:
981:
620:
596:
443:
348:
324:
63:
2042:
551:
2327:
2317:
2078:
1975:
1518:
1285:
183:
2307:
1814:
1254:
169:
is sometimes also used to describe networks who solely purchase IP transit from other networks to reach the
Internet.
70:
2166:
2088:
2027:
1734:
123:
37:
1938:
1899:
1744:
1644:
1573:
1506:
1333:
515:
387:
136:
77:
2297:
1539:
1474:
1427:
1313:
2136:
2121:
1965:
1916:
1839:
1739:
1417:
1303:
1298:
1119:
1079:
1041:
921:
897:
873:
849:
817:
760:
736:
539:
471:
403:
320:
249:
59:
2058:
1844:
1659:
1604:
1599:
1412:
1377:
1107:
1071:
985:
977:
953:
857:
837:
809:
728:
684:
652:
584:
527:
503:
367:
308:
287:
281:
253:
237:
1215:
1960:
1764:
1729:
1649:
1629:
1551:
1439:
1360:
1111:
1045:
941:
933:
893:
869:
841:
813:
785:
672:
644:
616:
531:
467:
435:
399:
375:
312:
241:
217:
189:
1874:
1834:
1804:
1561:
1496:
1387:
1139:
1884:
1824:
1583:
1545:
1402:
1343:
1328:
1049:
1017:
929:
756:
708:
475:
439:
411:
257:
1236:
451:
154:
Tier 2 providers are the most common
Internet service providers, as it is much easier to purchase
2111:
2068:
1999:
1869:
1799:
1774:
1709:
1556:
1277:
781:
680:
624:
199:
1160:
332:
296:
269:
2151:
2073:
1987:
1970:
1933:
1819:
1779:
1609:
1578:
1444:
1338:
2156:
2116:
2096:
2063:
1992:
1950:
1864:
1719:
1704:
1679:
1654:
1614:
1464:
1323:
1318:
1308:
1083:
696:
225:
155:
84:
1784:
1639:
1407:
1370:
1202:
716:
1382:
16:
Internet service provider leasing connectivity from one or more primary ("Tier 1") ISPs
1982:
1854:
1829:
1789:
1759:
1634:
1469:
1355:
407:
379:
355:
159:
2342:
2131:
1904:
1894:
1809:
1699:
1694:
1684:
1669:
1491:
1350:
1087:
632:
2009:
1849:
1794:
1724:
1689:
1624:
1523:
1513:
1365:
660:
2209:
1859:
1769:
1754:
1714:
1674:
1533:
688:
26:
2214:
1921:
1619:
1528:
1484:
1454:
1432:
1422:
1397:
1013:
793:
144:
2199:
1664:
1479:
1186:"AS Rank: A ranking of the largest Autonomous Systems (AS) in the Internet"
2194:
2184:
2101:
1926:
1749:
881:
547:
148:
2189:
2174:
1134:
1115:
1095:
1075:
1009:
997:
989:
957:
925:
901:
845:
744:
732:
676:
648:
592:
588:
564:
535:
507:
491:
483:
463:
431:
371:
344:
316:
261:
245:
211:
140:
2219:
2179:
1501:
1293:
1246:
604:
2204:
2141:
1449:
768:
122:
2146:
1021:
965:
572:
479:
1250:
419:
162:
than to peer with them and attempt to become a Tier 1 carrier.
1392:
1057:
805:
20:
825:
1185:
909:
127:
Relationship between the various tiers of
Internet providers
1203:
Visualizing
Internet Topology at a Macroscopic Scale
1029:
216:
IPv6: Does not provide IPv6 routing/connectivity to
2228:
2165:
2087:
2051:
2008:
1949:
1883:
1592:
1284:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
143:with other networks, but which also purchases
1262:
8:
2277:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
2313:
1269:
1255:
1247:
176:
173:List of large or important Tier 2 networks
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1151:
621:Global Telecom & Technology (GTT)
597:Global Telecom & Technology (GTT)
349:Global Telecom & Technology (GTT)
7:
2323:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
139:which engages in the practice of
2322:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2291:
1912:Free-space optical communication
25:
1084:Deutsche Telekom Global Carrier
36:needs additional citations for
226:Telkom Indonesia International
1:
210:IPv4: Purchases transit from
147:to reach some portion of the
2298:Telecommunication portal
2079:Telecommunications equipment
605:PT Mora Telematika Indonesia
1815:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2365:
1519:Telecommunications history
1237:"Cogent - Google - HE Fun"
1070:Purchases IP transit from
1058:Turk Telekom International
1040:Purchases IP transit from
2286:
2127:Public Switched Telephone
1939:telecommunication circuit
1900:Fiber-optic communication
1645:Francis Blake (telephone)
1440:Optical telecommunication
516:Internet Initiative Japan
137:Internet service provider
2038:Orbital angular-momentum
1475:Satellite communications
1314:Communications satellite
1917:Molecular communication
1740:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1569:Undersea telegraph line
1304:Cable protection system
1161:"What is a Tier 2 ISP?"
1106:Purchases transit from
1008:Purchases transit from
976:Purchases transit from
952:Purchases transit from
920:Purchases transit from
892:Purchases transit from
868:Purchases transit from
836:Purchases transit from
804:Purchases transit from
780:Purchases transit from
755:Purchases transit from
727:Purchases transit from
707:Purchases transit from
671:Purchases transit from
643:Purchases transit from
615:Purchases transit from
583:Purchases transit from
563:Purchases transit from
526:Purchases transit from
502:Purchases transit from
462:Purchases transit from
430:Purchases transit from
398:Purchases transit from
366:Purchases transit from
343:Purchases transit from
307:Purchases transit from
286:Purchases transit from
280:Purchases transit from
236:Purchases transit from
2059:Communication protocol
1845:Charles Sumner Tainter
1660:Walter Houser Brattain
1605:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1413:Information revolution
986:Telecom Italia Sparkle
858:Stealth Communications
408:Telecom Italia Sparkle
380:Telecom Italia Sparkle
288:Telecom Italia Sparkle
254:Telecom Italia Sparkle
128:
2349:Internet architecture
2033:Polarization-division
1765:Narinder Singh Kapany
1730:Erna Schneider Hoover
1650:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1630:Alexander Graham Bell
1361:online video platform
826:Spirit Communications
126:
1875:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1835:Almon Brown Strowger
1805:Charles Grafton Page
1460:Prepaid mobile phone
1388:Electrical telegraph
1140:Network access point
1090:/AS4134&AS4809.
45:improve this article
1825:Johann Philipp Reis
1584:Wireless revolution
1546:The Telephone Cases
1403:Hydraulic telegraph
1159:Norton, William B.
1061:(d/b/a Euroweb.ro)
1050:Tata Communications
1018:Tata Communications
930:Tata Communications
771:(formerly SWIPNet)
757:Tata Communications
709:Tata Communications
476:Tata Communications
440:Tata Communications
412:Tata Communications
258:Tata Communications
2023:Frequency-division
2000:Telephone exchange
1870:Charles Wheatstone
1800:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1775:Innocenzo Manzetti
1710:Reginald Fessenden
1445:Optical telegraphy
1278:Telecommunications
942:Core-Backbone GmbH
625:Hurricane Electric
552:Cable and Wireless
200:Hurricane Electric
129:
2336:
2335:
2074:Store and forward
2069:Data transmission
1983:Network switching
1934:Transmission line
1780:Guglielmo Marconi
1745:Internet pioneers
1610:Mohamed M. Atalla
1579:Whistled language
1126:
1125:
121:
120:
113:
95:
2356:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2167:Notable networks
2157:Wireless network
2097:Cellular network
2089:Types of network
2064:Computer network
1951:Network topology
1865:Thomas A. Watson
1720:Oliver Heaviside
1705:Philo Farnsworth
1680:Daniel Davis Jr.
1655:Charles Bourseul
1615:John Logie Baird
1324:Data compression
1319:Computer network
1271:
1264:
1257:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:asrank.caida.org
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1156:
697:Chunghwa Telecom
177:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
60:"Tier 2 network"
53:
29:
21:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2292:
2290:
2282:
2224:
2161:
2083:
2047:
2004:
1953:
1945:
1886:
1879:
1785:Robert Metcalfe
1640:Tim Berners-Lee
1588:
1408:Information Age
1280:
1275:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1216:"CAIDA AS Rank"
1214:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1131:
1060:
717:British Telecom
215:
175:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2300:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Space-division
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1855:Camille Tissot
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Claude Shannon
1827:
1822:
1820:Tivadar Puskás
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:Antonio Meucci
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1760:Charles K. Kao
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Harold Hopkins
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1635:Emile Berliner
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Videotelephony
1571:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1472:
1470:Radiotelephone
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:Internet video
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1228:
1207:
1195:
1177:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1006:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
974:
971:
968:
962:
961:
950:
947:
944:
938:
937:
918:
915:
912:
906:
905:
890:
887:
884:
878:
877:
866:
863:
860:
854:
853:
834:
831:
828:
822:
821:
802:
799:
796:
790:
789:
778:
775:
772:
765:
764:
753:
750:
747:
741:
740:
725:
722:
719:
713:
712:
705:
702:
699:
693:
692:
669:
666:
663:
657:
656:
641:
638:
635:
629:
628:
613:
610:
607:
601:
600:
581:
578:
575:
569:
568:
561:
558:
555:
544:
543:
524:
521:
518:
512:
511:
500:
497:
494:
488:
487:
460:
457:
454:
448:
447:
428:
425:
422:
416:
415:
396:
393:
390:
384:
383:
364:
361:
358:
352:
351:
341:
338:
335:
329:
328:
305:
302:
299:
293:
292:
278:
275:
272:
266:
265:
234:
231:
228:
222:
221:
208:
205:
202:
196:
195:
192:
186:
181:
174:
171:
160:Tier 1 network
133:Tier 2 network
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2361:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2329:
2321:
2319:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2043:Code-division
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Time-division
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:and switching
1952:
1948:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:optical fiber
1903:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Coaxial cable
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Radia Perlman
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Lee de Forest
1698:
1696:
1695:Thomas Edison
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:Donald Davies
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Claude Chappe
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:Smoke signals
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:Semiconductor
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:Digital media
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
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1239:. 2016-03-09.
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1088:China Telecom
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966:Fiber Telecom
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633:China Telecom
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356:Korea Telecom
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62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2010:Multiplexing
1885:Transmission
1850:Nikola Tesla
1840:Henry Sutton
1795:Samuel Morse
1725:Robert Hooke
1690:Amos Dolbear
1625:John Bardeen
1544:
1524:Telautograph
1428:Mobile phone
1383:Edholm's law
1366:social media
1299:Broadcasting
1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1218:. 2016-01-25
1210:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1170:15 September
1168:. Retrieved
1164:
1154:
1020:/AS6453 and
661:China Unicom
452:SK broadband
285:
188:August 2021
166:
164:
153:
132:
130:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2210:NPL network
1922:Radio waves
1860:Alfred Vail
1770:Hedy Lamarr
1755:Dawon Kahng
1715:Elisha Gray
1675:Yogen Dalal
1600:Nasir Ahmed
1534:Teleprinter
1398:Heliographs
1120:NTT America
1080:NTT America
1048:/AS174 and
1042:NTT America
1022:PCCW Global
922:NTT America
898:NTT America
874:NTT America
850:NTT America
818:NTT America
761:NTT America
737:NTT America
689:Orange S.A.
540:NTT America
480:PCCW Global
472:NTT America
404:NTT America
321:NTT America
250:NTT America
101:August 2013
2256:Antarctica
2215:Toasternet
2137:Television
1620:Paul Baran
1552:Television
1536:(teletype)
1529:Telegraphy
1507:transistor
1485:Phryctoria
1455:Photophone
1433:Smartphone
1423:Mass media
1222:2015-07-29
1205:April 2005
1146:References
1064:9121/6663
794:KCOM Group
637:4134/4809
550:(formerly
420:Fibrenoire
388:HGC Global
333:meerfarbig
297:next layer
145:IP transit
71:newspapers
2240:Americas
2229:Locations
2200:Internet2
1961:Bandwidth
1665:Vint Cerf
1562:streaming
1540:Telephone
1480:Semaphore
1371:streaming
1165:DrPeering
1122:/AS2914.
1118:/AS1299,
1110:/AS3356,
1086:/AS3320,
1082:/AS2914,
1078:/AS1299,
1074:/AS3356,
1052:/AS6453.
1044:/AS2914,
1024:/AS3491.
1016:/AS6461,
1012:/AS1299,
992:/AS1299.
988:/AS6762,
984:/AS3257,
980:/AS3356,
960:/AS1299.
956:/AS3356,
932:/AS6453,
928:/AS1299,
924:/AS2914,
910:FiberRing
900:/AS2914,
876:/AS2914.
852:/AS2914.
848:/AS1299,
840:/AS3356,
820:/AS2914.
812:/AS3356,
784:/AS1239,
763:/AS2914.
759:/AS6453,
739:/AS2914.
735:/AS1299,
731:/AS3356,
711:/AS6453.
691:/AS5511.
687:/AS3356,
683:/AS1239,
655:/AS3356.
627:/AS6939.
623:/AS3257,
599:/AS3257.
591:/AS1299,
587:/AS3356,
567:/AS1299.
542:/AS2914.
530:/AS3356,
510:/AS1299.
506:/AS3356,
482:/AS3491,
478:/AS6453,
474:/AS2914,
466:/AS1299,
446:/AS3257.
442:/AS6453,
434:/AS1299,
414:/AS6453.
410:/AS6762,
406:/AS2914,
382:/AS6762.
374:/AS1299,
370:/AS3356,
347:/AS1299,
327:/AS3257.
323:/AS2914,
319:/AS1299,
311:/AS3356,
290:/AS6762.
284:/AS3356,
264:/AS7473.
260:/AS6453,
256:/AS6762,
252:/AS2914,
248:/AS1299,
240:/AS3356,
184:AS Number
165:The term
2343:Category
2308:Category
2195:Internet
2185:CYCLADES
2102:Ethernet
2052:Concepts
1976:terminal
1927:wireless
1750:Bob Kahn
1593:Pioneers
1418:Internet
1309:Cable TV
1129:See also
1114:/AS174,
936:/AS174.
904:/AS701.
896:/AS174,
882:Internap
872:/AS174,
844:/AS174,
816:/AS174,
808:/AS286,
788:/AS174.
675:/AS174,
651:/AS701,
647:/AS174,
619:/AS174,
595:/AS701,
548:Vodafone
538:/AS701,
534:/AS174,
486:/AS701.
470:/AS174,
438:/AS174,
402:/AS174,
378:/AS174,
315:/AS174,
244:/AS174,
220:/AS174.
214:/AS1299.
149:Internet
2328:Commons
2318:Outline
2271:Oceania
2190:FidoNet
2175:ARPANET
1988:circuit
1557:digital
1286:History
1135:Peering
1116:Arelion
1096:EdgeUno
1076:Arelion
1010:Arelion
998:Singtel
990:Arelion
958:Arelion
926:Arelion
902:Verizon
846:Arelion
810:Level 3
745:Comcast
733:Arelion
679:/AS701,
677:Verizon
649:Verizon
593:Verizon
589:Arelion
565:Arelion
536:Verizon
508:Arelion
484:Verizon
464:Arelion
432:Arelion
372:Arelion
345:Arelion
317:Arelion
309:Level 3
282:Level 3
262:Singtel
246:Arelion
212:Arelion
194:Reason
158:from a
156:transit
141:peering
85:scholar
2266:Europe
2236:Africa
2220:Usenet
2180:BITNET
2117:Mobile
1993:packet
1502:MOSFET
1497:device
1294:Beacon
1112:Cogent
1108:Level3
1072:Level3
1046:Cogent
1034:24482
978:Level3
970:41327
954:Level3
946:33891
934:Cogent
914:38930
894:Cogent
886:14744
870:Cogent
842:Cogent
838:Level3
814:Cogent
798:12390
786:Cogent
782:Sprint
729:Level3
685:Level3
681:Sprint
673:Cogent
653:Level3
645:Cogent
617:Cogent
609:23947
585:Level3
532:Cogent
528:Level3
504:Level3
468:Cogent
436:Cogent
424:22652
400:Cogent
376:Cogent
368:Level3
337:34549
313:Cogent
242:Cogent
238:Level3
218:Cogent
190:degree
167:Tier 3
135:is an
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
2249:South
2244:North
2205:JANET
2142:Telex
2132:Radio
1971:Nodes
1966:Links
1887:media
1465:Radio
1450:Pager
1378:Drums
1344:video
1339:image
1329:audio
1100:7195
1030:SG.GS
1002:7473
973:2145
949:1311
862:8002
830:2711
774:1257
769:Tele2
749:7922
721:5400
701:3462
665:4837
577:2516
557:1273
520:2497
496:3292
456:9318
392:9304
360:4766
301:1764
277:1446
274:9002
230:7713
207:9243
204:6939
180:Name
92:JSTOR
78:books
2261:Asia
2147:UUCP
2107:ISDN
1172:2023
1103:758
1067:250
1037:417
1014:Zayo
1005:359
777:167
752:192
724:151
704:364
668:310
640:318
612:243
580:308
573:KDDI
560:303
523:329
499:191
459:537
427:127
395:637
363:578
340:688
304:987
270:RETN
233:551
64:news
2152:WAN
2122:NGN
2112:LAN
1393:Fax
1334:DCT
982:GTT
917:35
889:33
865:47
833:82
806:KPN
801:69
492:TDC
444:GTT
325:GTT
47:by
2345::
1188:.
1163:.
554:)
151:.
131:A
2279:)
2275:(
1270:e
1263:t
1256:v
1225:.
1192:.
1174:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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