34:
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63:
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83:
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103:
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top surface so that they have a uniform thickness. Other natural stone tiles such as slate are typically "riven" (split) on the top surface so that the thickness of the tile varies slightly from one spot on the tile to another and from one tile to another. Variations in tile thickness can be handled by adjusting the amount of mortar under each part of the tile, by using wide grout lines that "ramp" between different thicknesses, or by using a cold chisel to knock off high spots.
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200:
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324:. Here the scarcity of stone may have been an incentive to develop the technology of making kiln-fired bricks to use as an alternative. To strengthen walls made from sun-dried bricks, fired bricks began to be used as an outer protective skin for more important buildings like temples, palaces, city walls, and gates. Making fired bricks is an advanced pottery technique. Fired bricks are solid masses of
1253:
775:
2133:
1234:
997:
1242:
1357:
Rubber floor tiles have a variety of uses, both in residential and commercial settings. They are especially useful in situations where it is desired to have high-traction floors or protection for an easily breakable floor. Some common uses include flooring of garage, workshops, patios, swimming pool
1325:
Natural stone tiles can be beautiful but as a natural product they are less uniform in color and pattern, and require more planning for use and installation. Mass-produced stone tiles are uniform in width and length. Granite or marble tiles are sawn on both sides and then polished or finished on the
1337:
of natural stone tiles varies such that some of the softer stone (e.g. limestone) tiles are not suitable for very heavy-traffic floor areas. On the other hand, ceramic tiles typically have a glazed upper surface and when that becomes scratched or pitted the floor looks worn, whereas the same amount
1329:
Some stone tiles such as polished granite, marble, and travertine are very slippery when wet. Stone tiles with a riven surface such as slate or with a sawn and then sandblasted or honed surface will be more slip-resistant. Ceramic tiles for use in wet areas can be made more slip-resistant by using
1486:
Similar to mosaics or other patterned tiles, pebble tiles are tiles made up of small pebbles attached to a backing. The tile is generally designed in an interlocking pattern so that final installations fit of multiple tiles fit together to have a seamless appearance. A relatively new tile design,
1361:
Plastic floor tiles including interlocking floor tiles that can be installed without adhesive or glue are a recent innovation and are suitable for areas subject to heavy traffic, wet areas and floors that are subject to movement, damp or contamination from oil, grease or other substances that may
1341:
Natural stone tiles can be stained by spilled liquids; they must be sealed and periodically resealed with a sealant in contrast to ceramic tiles which only need their grout lines sealed. However, because of the complex, nonrepeating patterns in natural stone, small amounts of dirt on many natural
1196:
Clay roof tiles historically gained their color purely from the clay that they were composed of, resulting in largely red, orange, and tan colored roofs. Over time some cultures, notably in Asia, began to apply glazes to clay tiles, achieving a wide variety of colors and combinations. Modern clay
1380:
Mineral fiber tiles are fabricated from a range of products; wet felt tiles can be manufactured from perlite, mineral wool, and fibers from recycled paper; stone wool tiles are created by combining molten stone and binders which is then spun to create the tile; gypsum tiles are based on the soft
1523:
programs. Specialized custom-tile printing techniques permit transfer under heat and pressure or the use of high temperature kilns to fuse the picture to the tile substrate. This has become a method of producing custom tile murals for kitchens, showers, and commercial decoration in restaurants,
1107:
In 17th CE during the colonialization of Spain in the
Philippines, they introduced the Baldozas Mosaicos to describe the Mediterranean cement tiles, but they are now more commonly referred to as Machuca tiles during the 19th CE, named after Don Pepe, the son of the renowned producer of Baldozas
980:
wall tiles, typically with a painted design covering only one (rather small) blue and white tile, were ubiquitous in
Holland and widely exported over Northern Europe from the 16th century on, replacing many local industries. Several 18th century royal palaces had porcelain rooms with the walls
498:
technique, single-color tiles were cut into small geometric pieces and assembled by pouring liquid plaster between them. After hardening, these panels were assembled on the walls of buildings. But the mosaic was not limited to flat areas. Tiles were used to cover both the interior and exterior
1353:
Most vendors of stone tiles emphasize that there will be variation in color and pattern from one batch of tiles to another of the same description and variation within the same batch. Stone floor tiles tend to be heavier than ceramic tiles and somewhat more prone to breakage during shipment.
1387:
Ceiling tiles also provide a barrier to the spread of smoke and fire. Breaking, displacing, or removing ceiling tiles enables hot gases and smoke from a fire to rise and accumulate above detectors and sprinklers. Doing so delays their activation, enabling fires to grow more rapidly.
1345:
The tendency of floor tiles to stain depends not only on a sealant being applied, and periodically reapplied, but also on their porosity or how porous the stone is. Slate is an example of a less porous stone while limestone is an example of a more porous stone. Different
1450:
standard C242 as a ceramic mosaic tile or paver that is generally made by dust-pressing and of a composition yielding a tile that is dense, fine-grained, and smooth, with sharply-formed face, usually impervious. The colours of such tiles are generally clear and bright.
1015:. Patterned tiles, or tiles making up patterns, were now mass-produced by machine and reliably level for floors and cheap to produce, especially for churches, schools and public buildings, but also for domestic hallways and bathrooms. For many uses the tougher
1376:
Ceiling tiles are lightweight tiles used inside buildings. They are placed in an aluminium grid; they provide little thermal insulation but are generally designed either to improve the acoustics of a room or to reduce the volume of air being heated or cooled.
761:
uses small colored tiles of various shapes to make very complex geometric patterns. It is halfway to mosaic, but as the different shapes must be fitted precisely together, it falls under tiling. The use of small coloured glass fields also make it rather like
1210:
565:(seven colors) technique. Pictures were painted on plain rectangle tiles, glazed and fired afterwards. Besides economic reasons, the seven colors method gave more freedom to artists and was less time-consuming. It was popular until the
553:
tiles in the world. A wide variety of tiles had to be manufactured in order to cover complex forms of the hall with consistent mosaic patterns. The result was a technological triumph as well as a dazzling display of abstract ornament.
1395:
houses, were made of terracotta and were placed on top of the wooden ceiling beams and upon those were placed the roof tiles. They were then plastered or painted, but nowadays are usually left bare for decorative purposes.
132:. They are generally fixed in place in an array to cover roofs, floors, walls, edges, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as
183:
and other composite materials, and stone. Tiling stone is typically marble, onyx, granite or slate. Thinner tiles can be used on walls than on floors, which require more durable surfaces that will resist impacts.
911:
359:, using smoothed and polished stone laid on floors and in swimming pools. The techniques and tools for tiling is advanced, evidenced by the fine workmanship and close fit of the tiles. Such tiling can be seen in
861:
were made of multiple colours of clay, shaped and baked together to form a pattern that, rather than sitting on the surface, ran right through the thickness of the tile, and thus would not wear away.
782:
Medieval Europe made considerable use of painted tiles, sometimes producing very elaborate schemes, of which few have survived. Religious and secular stories were depicted. The imaginary tiles with
1965:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1487:
pebble tiles were originally developed in
Indonesia using pebbles found in various locations in the country. Today, pebble tiles feature all types of stones and pebbles from around the world.
1217:
33:
1330:
very small tiles so that the grout lines acts as grooves, by imprinting a contour pattern onto the face of the tile, or by adding a non-slip material, such as sand, to the glazed surface.
332:, and a well-made fired brick is an extremely durable object. Like sun-dried bricks, they were made in wooden molds but for bricks with relief decorations, special molds had to be made.
144:, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. In another sense, a tile is a construction tile or similar object, such as rectangular counters used in playing games (see
42:
1214:
1921:
1940:
1201:. Contrary to popular belief a glaze does not weatherproof a tile, the porosity of the clay body is what determines how well a tile will survive harsh weather conditions.
669:
681:
1190:
700:
893:, and the name is likewise derived. The term is both a simple Portuguese and Spanish term for zellige, and a term for later tilework following the tradition. Some
381:. Sigiriya also had an elaborate gatehouse made of timber and brick masonry with multiple tiled roofs. The massive timber doorposts remaining today indicate this.
2213:
938:
1019:
was used. Wall tiles in various styles also revived; the rise of the bathroom contributing greatly to this, as well as greater appreciation of the benefit of
2073:
1474:
1957:
634:
524:, being the focal points of mosques, were usually the places where most sophisticated tilework was placed. The 14th-century mihrab at Madrasa Imami in
1766:
1384:
Ceiling tiles very often have patterns on the front face; these are there in most circumstances to aid with the tiles ability to improve acoustics.
1302:
for floors as well. Ceramic tiles may be painted and glazed. Small mosaic tiles may be laid in various patterns. Floor tiles are typically set into
1503:
and ceramic inks and toners permit printing on a variety of tile types yielding photographic-quality reproduction. Using digital image capture via
53:
1213:
377:(3rd century BCE) had copper roof tiles. The roofs were tiled, with red, white, yellow, turquoise and brown tiles. There were also tiles made of
547:
in
Isfahan, from the 17th century. Its dome is a prime example of tile mosaic and its winter praying hall houses one of the finest ensembles of
2094:
2127:
1903:
2065:
1991:
954:
791:
389:
252:
There are several other types of traditional tiles that remain in manufacture, for example the small, almost mosaic, brightly colored
1828:
1798:
1676:
1658:
1466:
defines as "a ceramic tile that has 'a water absorption of 0.5%' or less.” It is made generally by the pressed or extruded method."
657:
1918:
1874:
1937:
1362:
prevent adhesion to the substrate. Common uses include old factory floors, garages, gyms and sports complexes, schools and shops.
897:
are small-scale geometric patterns or vegetative motifs, some are blue monochrome and highly pictorial, and some are neither. The
2119:
Environmentally
Friendly Cities: Proceedings of Plea 1998, Passive and Low Energy Architecture, 1998, Lisbon, Portugal, June 1998
340:
Rooms with tiled floors made of clay decorated with geometric circular patterns have been discovered from the ancient remains of
2243:
1818:
2013:
1653:
Michel
Kornmann and CTTB, "Clay bricks and roof tiles, manufacturing and properties", Soc. Industrie Minerale, Paris (2007)
1646:
William
Rostoker; Elizabeth Gebhard, "The Reproduction of Rooftiles for the Archaic Temple of Poseidon at Isthmia, Greece,"
469:
807:, possibly for a wall rather than a floor, while their 13th century "Chertsey Tiles", though from an abbey, show scenes of
2046:
1495:
Printing techniques and digital manipulation of art and photography are used in what is known as "custom tile printing".
468:(AD 1122), Dome of Maraqeh (AD 1147) and the Jame Mosque of Gonabad (1212 AD) are among the finest examples. The dome of
1618:
1197:
roof tiles typically source their color from kiln firing conditions, the application of glaze, or the use of a ceramic
417:
used tiles patterned with geometric designs, flowers, plants, birds and human beings, glazed up to a centimeter thick.
62:
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2205:
1082:
495:
93:
1596:
1098:
1054:
1030:
Since the
Victorian period tiles have remained standard for kitchens and bathrooms, and many types of public area.
230:, each of a single color, usually of glass or sometimes ceramic or stone. There are various tile patterns, such as
1527:
Recent technology applied to
Digital ceramic and porcelain printers allow images to be printed with a wider color
569:, when the palette of colors was extended by yellow and orange. The seven colors of Haft Rang tiles were usually
1844:
82:
2311:
1543:
A method for custom tile printing involving a diamond-tipped drill controlled by a computer. Compared with the
1012:
990:
925:
456:, made of glazed brick. Typical, turquoise, tiling becomes popular in 10th-11th century and is used mostly for
394:
179:
for internal uses and unglazed for roofing, but other materials are also commonly used, such as glass, cork,
2183:
2157:
1496:
1479:
1246:
461:
167:
Tiles are often used to form wall and floor coverings, and can range from simple square tiles to complex or
917:
1758:
986:
624:
mausoleums were heavily decorated with large brightly colored patterns, typically with floral motifs, and
1462:
with water absorption less than or equal to 0.5%, belonging to groups AIa and BIa (of ISO 13006).". The
816:
808:
803:
544:
475:
430:
20:
1078:. In 2010, around 5,000,000 m (54,000,000 sq ft) of Barcelona streets were panot-tiled.
965:
1350:
and marbles have different porosities with the less porous ones being more valued and more expensive.
710:
73:
2306:
1139:
982:
921:
868:
1225:
102:
2321:
2276:
2086:
1392:
1263:
1045:
945:
529:
508:
500:
278:, dated to the 13th century BC. Glazed and colored bricks were used to make low reliefs in Ancient
231:
1271:
628:
of astonishing complexity, including floral motifs and calligraphy as well as geometric patterns.
120:
are usually thin, square or rectangular coverings manufactured from hard-wearing material such as
2296:
199:
1987:
1595:. Geometric patterns of some Islamic polychrome decorative tilings are rather complicated (see
901:
period produced extremely large painted scenes on tiles, usually in blue and white, for walls.
830:
Medieval influences between Middle
Eastern tilework and tilework in Europe were mainly through
2286:
2123:
2117:
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1824:
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1701:
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402:
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1303:
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1027:
was the leading English designer working in tiles, strongly influenced by Islamic designs.
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1748:'World Production And Consumption Of Ceramic Tiles.' Ceramic World Review no. 138. Pg. 40
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additive. The spaces between the tiles are commonly filled with sanded or unsanded floor
1189:
tiles utilize interlocking systems that can be self-supporting. Tiles typically cover an
726:
in central Asia (16th-17th century) also exhibit very sophisticated floral ornaments. In
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536:, framing the mihrab's niche, bears an inscription in Kufic script used in 9th-century
491:
302:
301:, with sections elsewhere. Mesopotamian craftsmen were imported for the palaces of the
241:
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125:
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entirely covered in porcelain in tiles or panels. Surviving examples include ones at
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747:
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566:
364:
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275:
176:
2047:"Ceramics for Exterior Applications & A Discussion of Heat Transfer and Storage"
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Modern-day tile ceilings may be flush mounted (nail up or glue up) or installed as
1371:
864:
854:
820:
787:
758:
484:
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368:
187:
Global production of ceramic tiles, excluding roof tiles, was estimated to be 12.7
141:
1101:, decorated tiles or glazed bricks do not feature largely in East Asian ceramics.
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The earliest evidence of glazed brick is the discovery of glazed bricks in the
1578:, can be replicated to cover a surface with no gaps. These shapes are said to
1429:
1299:
1134:
1117:
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tilework today, with tiles used to decorate buildings, ships, and even rocks.
831:
763:
727:
692:
601:
341:
306:
1007:
The Victorian period saw a great revival in tilework, largely as part of the
2146:
Dictionary of Ceramics. A.Dodd. Institute of Materials/Pergamon Press. 1994.
1575:
1425:
1421:
1298:
or stone, although recent technological advances have resulted in rubber or
1075:
977:
746:
in Lahore stands out as one of the masterpieces of Kashi time work from the
499:
surfaces of domes. Prominent Timurid examples of this technique include the
453:
356:
321:
235:
2034:. Springfield, Ohio: Springfield Publishing Company. pp. 27–28, 93–94.
1233:
996:
537:
1664:
E-book on the manufacture of roofing tiles in the United States from 1910.
1338:
of wear on natural stone tiles will not show, or will be less noticeable.
1564:
1334:
1167:
843:
645:
621:
604:
tradition continued and spread to much of the Islamic world, notably the
345:
227:
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The use of sun-dried bricks or adobe was the main method of building in
1560:
1347:
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1171:
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Relief made with glazed brick tiles, from the Achaemenid decoration of
329:
287:
259:
226:, where forms are made of great numbers of tiny irregularly positioned
211:
188:
172:
133:
121:
1158:, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as
1003:, fantastic ducks on 6-inch tile with luster highlights, Fulham period
2062:
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1279:
1257:
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735:
714:
649:
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521:
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223:
168:
1074: and the associated paving style, both found in
1721:
1585:
1547:, diamond etching is in almost every circumstance more permanent.
1528:
1473:
1381:
mineral and then finished with vinyl, paper or a decorative face.
1319:
1315:
1285:
1275:
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1133:
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tile work from Persia became a distinct feature of the shrines of
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388:
198:
129:
1532:
1463:
1447:
1307:
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543:
One of the best known architectural masterpieces of Iran is the
445:
438:
410:
325:
137:
1455:
586:
1146:
Roof tiles are overlapping tiles designed mainly to keep out
507:(AD 1418), the Madrassa of Khan in Shiraz (AD 1615), and the
616:
in the 16th and 17th centuries. Palaces, public buildings,
328:
heated in kilns to temperatures of between 950° and 1,150°
528:
is an outstanding example of aesthetic union between the
1629:
Marilyn Y. Goldberg, "Greek Temples and Chinese Roofs,"
1603:), even up to supposedly quaziperiodic ones, similar to
1108:
Mosaicos in the Philippines, Don Jose Machuca by Romero
405:
decorated buildings with glazed brick tiles, including
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1193:
system, which seals the roof against water intrusion.
797:
are an example. The 14th century "Tring tiles" in the
244:
which can range in size, shape, thickness, and color.
766:, but with ceramic rather than metal as the support.
687:
Phoenix on the portal of Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah,
675:
Window Apartments of the Crown Prince, Topkapi Palace
514:
Other important tile techniques of this time include
1643:, Vol. 59, No. 1. (Jan.–Mar. 1990), pp. 285–290
1166:. Later tiles have been made from materials such as
518:, with their characteristic white girih, or straps.
490:
The golden age of Persian tilework began during the
240:, basket weave, tiles Art, diagonal, chevron, and
2236:"Next Generation of the Digital Printing Process"
1650:, Vol. 8, No. 2. (Summer, 1981), pp. 211–227
1531:and greater color stability even when fired in a
924:covered with azulejos in carpet style (17th c.);
778:Medieval encaustic tiles at Cleeve Abbey, England
316:where river mud was found in abundance along the
1958:"La verdadera historia del 'panot' de Barcelona"
1896:Gardner's Art Through The Ages, A Global History
1633:, Vol. 87, No. 3. (Jul. 1983), pp. 305–310
1432:is a traditional material used for roof tiles.
905:were also used in Latin American architecture.
413:, and buildings at Persepolis. The succeeding
1639:, "Archaic Roof Tiles the First Generations,"
234:, staggered, offset, grid, stacked, pinwheel,
164:, meaning a roof tile composed of fired clay.
1458:13006 defines a "porcelain tile" as a "fully
1358:decks, sport courts, gyms, and dance floors.
1185:, but in some cases historic designs such as
351:Tiling was used in the second century by the
8:
2045:William Carty; Hyojin Lee (16 August 2017).
561:, mosaic ornaments were often replaced by a
2074:United States Congress Office of Compliance
1625:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
448:consist mainly of geometric decorations in
1872:Iran: Visual Arts: history of Iranian Tile
1820:The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives
1245:The elaborate floor pattern of the Sydney
1237:Section through a porcelain stoneware slab
1889:
1887:
1567:in Spain that attracted the attention of
16:Manufactured pieces for covering surfaces
1591:, 'tile') and such a tiling is called a
1574:Certain shapes of tiles, most obviously
1554:
2116:Maldonado, Eduardo (19 November 2014).
1741:
907:
630:
195:Decorative tile work and colored brick
1617:Carboni, S. & Masuya, T. (1993).
1563:tessellations of glazed tiles at the
1322:, but traditionally mortar was used.
7:
2206:"Inkjet Decoration of Ceramic Tiles"
1793:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 1926.
1416:Ceramic materials for tiles include
1229:Cross section of an earthenware tile
973:blue and white tile with sea monster
2246:from the original on 8 January 2022
1994:from the original on 9 January 2017
1988:"Trafaria Praia: On the Waterfront"
1256:Floor tile in Karpas, northeastern
730:monuments and shrines adorned with
2182:Kelechava, Brad (8 January 2018).
2097:from the original on 27 March 2021
2030:Worcester, Wolsey Garnett (1910).
2014:"Shingle Tile Installation Manual"
1769:from the original on 15 April 2021
1446:This is a US term, and defined in
1126:Roofs with "beaver tail" tiles in
483:. First half of the 15th century,
14:
1898:. Cengage Learning. p. 357.
1677:Building integrated photovoltaics
1391:Ceiling tiles, especially in old
2216:from the original on 8 June 2010
2184:"The Eminence of Porcelain Tile"
2136:from the original on 6 May 2018.
1968:from the original on 28 May 2023
1964:(in Spanish). 11 February 2018.
953:
937:
910:
699:
680:
668:
656:
633:
148:). The word is derived from the
101:
92:
81:
72:
61:
52:
41:
32:
2032:The Manufacture of Roofing Tile
1631:American Journal of Archaeology
1524:hotels, and corporate lobbies.
1342:stone floor tiles do not show.
801:show childhood scenes from the
663:Enderun library, Topkapi Palace
297:), now partly reconstructed in
262:and the surrounding countries.
171:. Tiles are most often made of
849:are said to have inspired the
472:is also dated to this period.
460:inscriptions on mosque walls.
156:, which is, in turn, from the
1:
1177:Roof tiles can be affixed by
1097:With exceptions, notably the
786:scenes shown on the floor in
291:
222:should be distinguished from
128:, metal, baked clay, or even
2052:. Boston Valley Terra Cotta.
1648:Journal of Field Archaeology
1559:The elaborate and colourful
1085:continue their tradition of
2019:. Ludowici Roof Tile. 2022.
1294:These are commonly made of
1267:6"Ă—6" porcelain floor tiles
815:in very high-quality work.
532:and abstract ornament. The
470:Jame' Atiq Mosque of Qazvin
336:Ancient Indian subcontinent
2338:
1597:Islamic geometric patterns
1519:images can be prepared in
1439:
1369:
1115:
1099:Porcelain Tower of Nanjing
1070:is a type of outdoor
1055:Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
960:Azulejo scenes in Portugal
530:Islamic calligrapher's art
18:
926:Museu da Reinha D. Leonor
479:Timurid turquoise-glazed
444:Early Islamic mosaics in
111:Various examples of tiles
1894:Fred S. Kleiner (2008).
1877:24 November 2010 at the
1497:Dye sublimation printers
1057:covered with tiles from
1013:Arts and Crafts Movement
991:Royal Palace of Aranjuez
395:Palace of Darius in Susa
2158:"A world of difference"
1943:18 October 2015 at the
1924:18 October 2015 at the
1817:McIntosh, Jane (2008).
1480:Jameh Mosque of Isfahan
1407:Materials and processes
1247:Queen Victoria Building
948:, depicted in azulejos.
218:Decorative tilework or
2063:Missing Ceiling Tiles.
1881:, Iran Chamber Society
1759:"Ceramic Tile History"
1571:
1521:photo editing software
1483:
1291:
1283:
1268:
1260:
1249:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1143:
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987:Royal Palace of Madrid
974:
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487:
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398:
215:
2068:16 April 2021 at the
1765:. 15 September 2020.
1558:
1551:Mathematics of tiling
1477:
1290:Cracked tile flooring
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918:Quadra (architecture)
875:, 18th century, with
867:
817:Medieval letter tiles
809:Richard the Lionheart
777:
722:Islamic buildings in
478:
428:
392:
237:parquet de Versailles
202:
21:Tile (disambiguation)
2091:Science Learning Hub
2087:"What are ceramics?"
1763:Traditional Building
1599:and, in particular,
1140:University of Bremen
1138:Tile mosaics at the
922:St. John the Baptist
869:Casa de los Azulejos
819:were used to create
757:tradition of Arabic
282:, most famously the
19:For other uses, see
1535:up to 2200 °F
1221:Making mosaic tiles
501:Jame Mosque of Yazd
371:. The nine-storied
266:Ancient Middle East
2282:Building materials
2072:Washington, D.C.:
1990:. 23 August 2013.
1572:
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1037:Tiles in a pub in
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2129:978-1-134-25622-8
2093:. 27 April 2010.
1905:978-0-495-41059-1
1852:, 18 October 2005
1805:kalibangan tiles.
1702:Mathematical tile
1278:with stone tile,
1218:
1025:William De Morgan
1001:William de Morgan
889:are derived from
744:Wazir Khan Mosque
403:Achaemenid Empire
355:kings of ancient
2329:
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2240:picturedtile.com
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1947:, British Museum
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1545:laser engravings
1401:dropped ceilings
1219:
1053:kiosk (1923) in
957:
946:Battle of Buçaco
941:
914:
823:inscriptions on
711:Palace El-Hedine
709:tilework in the
703:
684:
672:
660:
637:
505:Goharshad Mosque
503:(AD 1324–1365),
407:Darius the Great
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2210:digitalfire.com
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2070:Wayback Machine
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1687:Dropped ceiling
1682:Dimension stone
1672:
1616:
1613:
1611:Further reading
1605:Penrose tilings
1553:
1541:
1509:digital cameras
1501:inkjet printers
1493:
1491:Digital printed
1472:
1444:
1438:
1436:Porcelain tiles
1414:
1409:
1374:
1368:
1312:Portland cement
1209:
1207:
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1114:
1095:
1011:, but also the
989:and the nearby
961:
958:
949:
942:
933:
915:
859:encaustic tiles
840:Ottoman Empires
772:
718:
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661:
652:
638:
423:
415:Sassanid Empire
387:
367:in the city of
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146:tile-based game
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2156:Griese, Bill.
2148:
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2128:
2108:
2078:
2055:
2037:
2022:
2005:
1979:
1949:
1938:Chertsey Tiles
1930:
1928:British Museum
1911:
1904:
1883:
1855:
1836:
1829:
1809:
1799:
1790:Indian History
1780:
1750:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:Vitrified tile
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Porcelain tile
1704:
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1679:
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1651:
1644:
1637:Ă–rjan Wikander
1634:
1627:
1612:
1609:
1552:
1549:
1540:
1539:Diamond etched
1537:
1492:
1489:
1471:
1468:
1460:vitrified tile
1442:Porcelain tile
1440:Main article:
1437:
1434:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1370:Main article:
1367:
1364:
1306:consisting of
1206:
1203:
1116:Main article:
1113:
1110:
1094:
1091:
1017:encaustic tile
1009:Gothic Revival
985:, Naples, the
963:
962:
959:
952:
950:
943:
936:
934:
930:Beja, Portugal
916:
909:
832:Islamic Iberia
811:battling with
804:Life of Christ
799:British Museum
771:
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642:Topkapi Palace
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614:Ottoman Empire
559:Safavid period
492:Timurid Empire
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303:Persian Empire
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2122:. Routledge.
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1962:La Vanguardia
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1830:9781576079072
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1800:9781259063237
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1659:2-9517765-6-X
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1621:Persian tiles
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1394:
1393:Mediterranean
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1366:Ceiling tiles
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1148:precipitation
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1081:Portugal and
1079:
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1068:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1041:, Netherlands
1040:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:in kitchens.
1022:
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969:17th century
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851:tessellations
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828:
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806:
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796:
795:in Washington
794:
789:
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784:Old Testament
776:
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748:Mughal period
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606:Ä°znik pottery
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509:Molana Mosque
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462:Seyyed Mosque
459:
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420:
418:
416:
412:
409:'s palace at
408:
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365:Kuttam Pokuna
362:
361:Ruwanwelisaya
358:
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348:and Ahladino
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295: 575 BC
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276:Chogha Zanbil
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64:
55:
44:
35:
26:
22:
2248:. Retrieved
2239:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2209:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2151:
2142:
2118:
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2090:
2081:
2058:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1961:
1952:
1933:
1914:
1895:
1845:
1839:
1823:. ABC-CLIO.
1819:
1812:
1804:
1789:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
1744:
1717:Roof shingle
1647:
1640:
1630:
1622:
1619:
1593:tessellation
1588:
1579:
1573:
1569:M. C. Escher
1542:
1526:
1494:
1485:
1478:Tilework in
1453:
1445:
1415:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:Ceiling tile
1360:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1314:and often a
1293:
1195:
1191:underlayment
1186:
1176:
1145:
1106:
1104:Philippines
1103:
1096:
1086:
1080:
1065:
1064:
1029:
1006:
976:
902:
894:
890:
884:
883:
876:
857:. Medieval
855:M. C. Escher
846:
829:
802:
793:Annunciation
792:
788:Jan van Eyck
781:
759:North Africa
754:
752:
721:
706:
640:Tile in the
599:
567:Qajar period
562:
556:
548:
542:
534:pointed arch
520:
513:
489:
485:Shah-i-Zinda
443:
400:
385:Ancient Iran
374:Lovamahapaya
372:
369:Anuradhapura
350:
339:
311:
269:
253:
251:
236:
217:
186:
175:, typically
166:
161:
153:
142:mineral wool
117:
116:
25:
2307:Ceramic art
1919:Tring Tiles
1712:Quarry tile
1601:Girih tiles
1418:earthenware
1300:glass tiles
1205:Floor tiles
1128:DinkelsbĂĽhl
1072:cement tile
1051:Art Nouveau
983:Capodimonte
873:Mexico City
579:ultramarine
557:During the
550:cuerda seca
545:Shah Mosque
516:girih tiles
511:(AD 1444).
431:Shah Mosque
314:Mesopotamia
284:Ishtar Gate
280:Mesopotamia
232:herringbone
204:Art Nouveau
191:m in 2019.
2322:Terracotta
2277:Roof tiles
2266:Categories
2190:13 January
2167:13 January
1846:The Island
1736:References
1722:Tile mural
1692:Glass tile
1584:(from the
1581:tessellate
1576:rectangles
1430:Terracotta
1187:Marseilles
1142:, Germany.
1118:Roof tiles
1112:Roof tiles
764:enamelling
728:South Asia
693:Uzbekistan
612:under the
602:Persianate
454:mausoleums
342:Kalibangan
307:Persepolis
274:Temple at
2297:Pavements
2250:7 January
1998:18 August
1426:porcelain
1422:stoneware
1282:, US 1960
1130:, Germany
1076:Barcelona
978:Delftware
836:Byzantine
821:Christian
717:, Morocco
583:turquoise
563:haft rang
494:. In the
357:Sri Lanka
353:Sinhalese
322:Euphrates
258:tiles of
242:encaustic
206:tiles in
2287:Ceilings
2244:Archived
2214:Archived
2134:Archived
2101:29 March
2095:Archived
2066:Archived
1992:Archived
1966:Archived
1941:Archived
1922:Archived
1875:Archived
1773:29 March
1767:Archived
1670:See also
1641:Hesperia
1589:tessella
1565:Alhambra
1505:scanning
1348:granites
1335:hardness
1168:concrete
1150:such as
1093:Far East
1083:SĂŁo LuĂs
1061:, Spain.
903:Azulejos
895:azujelos
886:Azulejos
878:azulejos
844:Alhambra
834:and the
827:floors.
790:'s 1434
646:Istanbul
305:such as
228:tesserae
220:tile art
208:Brussels
181:concrete
2220:28 July
2076:, 2008.
1561:zellige
1412:Ceramic
1296:ceramic
1172:plastic
1087:azulejo
1059:Manises
1049:A late
1039:Utrecht
1021:hygiene
899:Baroque
847:zellige
813:Saladin
755:zellige
724:Bukhara
689:Bukhara
626:friezes
618:mosques
526:Isfahan
522:Mihrabs
481:muqarna
466:Isfahan
450:mosques
435:Isfahan
421:Islamic
346:Balakot
288:Babylon
272:Elamite
260:Morocco
248:History
212:Belgium
189:billion
173:ceramic
169:mosaics
134:perlite
122:ceramic
2317:Mosaic
2292:Floors
2272:Tiling
2186:. ANSI
2163:. TCNA
2126:
1972:27 May
1902:
1827:
1797:
1697:Marble
1657:
1517:raster
1513:bitmap
1482:, Iran
1470:Pebble
1304:mortar
1280:Hawaii
1258:Cyprus
1199:engobe
1179:screws
1170:, and
891:zellij
842:. The
825:church
770:Europe
742:. The
736:Multan
715:Meknes
707:Zellij
650:Turkey
610:Turkey
591:yellow
538:Qur'an
379:bronze
318:Tigris
299:Berlin
255:zellij
224:mosaic
177:glazed
162:tegula
150:French
140:, and
2302:Roofs
2161:(PDF)
2050:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1850:(PDF)
1586:Latin
1529:gamut
1320:grout
1316:latex
1276:Patio
1183:nails
1164:slate
1067:Panot
971:Delft
740:Sindh
732:Kashi
622:tĂĽrbe
575:white
571:black
496:moraq
458:Kufic
160:word
158:Latin
154:tuile
152:word
130:glass
126:stone
118:Tiles
2252:2022
2222:2010
2192:2024
2169:2024
2124:ISBN
2103:2021
2000:2016
1974:2023
1900:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1775:2021
1655:ISBN
1533:kiln
1464:ANSI
1454:The
1448:ASTM
1424:and
1333:The
1308:sand
1160:clay
1156:snow
1152:rain
944:The
838:and
753:The
738:and
620:and
600:The
595:fawn
593:and
452:and
446:Iran
439:Iran
429:The
411:Susa
401:The
363:and
326:clay
320:and
138:wood
1507:or
1456:ISO
1181:or
1162:or
1154:or
920:of
853:of
608:of
587:red
464:in
433:in
286:of
2268::
2242:.
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2132:.
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1960:.
1886:^
1858:^
1803:.
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1607:.
1511:,
1499:,
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1420:,
1403:.
1310:,
1174:.
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871:,
750:.
713:,
691:,
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644:,
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589:,
585:,
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573:,
540:.
437:,
344:,
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292:c.
136:,
124:,
2254:.
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2002:.
1976:.
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1833:.
1777:.
1515:/
932:.
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330:C
290:(
214:)
210:(
23:.
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