572:
against Ball was dismissed in 2018. The judge noted that Ball's words "lack a sufficient air of credibility to make them believable and therefore potentially defamatory" and concluded that the “article is poorly written and does not advance credible arguments in favour of Dr. Ball’s theory about the corruption of climate science. Simply put, a reasonably thoughtful and informed person who reads the article is unlikely to place any stock in Dr. Ball’s views...". The
British Columbia Court of Appeal in April 2020 reversed the dismissal. Writing that Ball's statements "meet the classic test for defamation," it sent the case back to the trial judge to decide the amount of damages and whether the article was fair comment.
482:, where he was presented as a former climatology professor at the University of Winnipeg. However, critics pointed out that Ball was a professor of geography, not climatology, and that the University of Winnipeg never had a climatology department. Ball replied that the climate program at The University of Winnipeg was part of the geography department in the early 1980s. He also asserted that websites such as
2452: (BCSC 2019) ("This is a relatively straightforward defamation action and should have been resolved long before now. That it has not been resolved is because the plaintiff has not given it the priority that he should have. In the circumstances, justice requires that the action be dismissed and, accordingly, I do hereby dismiss the action for delay.").
489:
From 2002 to 2007, Ball wrote 39 opinion pieces and 32 letters to the editor in 24 different
Canadian newspapers, and from 2002 to 2012, he gave over 600 public talks about global warming and various environmental issues. Friends of Science maintains a "Climate Digest" of articles written by Ball in
306:
determined that while polar bear populations are not declining overall and are increasing significantly in some areas, "If the current trends in sea ice continue it is reasonable to predict further changes in subpopulation including, ultimately, declines in abundance and vital rates. This warrants
571:
which was later retracted. In the article, Ball described Weaver as lacking a basic understanding of climate science and stated, incorrectly, that Weaver would not be involved in the production of the IPCC's next report because he had concerns about its credibility. Andrew Weaver's defamation suit
239:
in
England in 1983. Ball became an instructor at the University of Winnipeg in 1971, and a lecturer the following year. He then served in the latter capacity for 10 years. In 1982 he became an assistant professor there, and was promoted to associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1988. He
594:
On 7 June 2019, the
Frontier Centre For Public Policy published a retraction and apology and settled their part of the case with Mann. On 21 March 2019, Tim Ball had applied to the court to dismiss the action for delay, this request was granted at a hearing on 22 August 2019, and court costs were
285:
In 2007 Ball was one of seven co-authors of a paper arguing that "spring air temperatures around the Hudson Bay basin for the past 70 years (1932–2002) show no significant warming trend," and that, as a result, "the extrapolation of polar bear disappearance is highly premature." The paper was a
613:
that
Friends of Science received a third of its funding from the oil industry. Bankruptcy disclosures made by Peabody Energy, a large US coal company, showed that Friends of Science received funding from the company. Ball himself has publicly denied these claims, as has his wife, Marty Ball.
559:
In response, Ball filed a lawsuit against
Johnson. Johnson's statement of defence was provided by the Calgary Herald. In the ensuing court case, Ball acknowledged that he had only been a tenured professor for eight years, and that his doctorate was not in climatology but rather in the broader
455:
increases to 560 ppm by 2050, as the IPCC predict, this would only result in a 0.2 unit reduction of pH. This is still within the error of the estimate of global average ." Ball also said that since he became a vocal opponent of the consensus position on global warming, he received five death
414:
that carbon dioxide causing warming was just a hypothesis, but had been treated as fact because it fit a political agenda and the views of the environmentalists. He reiterated the view that man-made global warming was fabricated by the environmental movement, particularly
446:
misleads the public by announcing premature results from their temperature datasets based on incomplete data, and then quietly updating the data when they gain access to all of it, usually diminishing the warming trend in doing so. He also wrote about
335:
The deception is the hypothesis that human production of CO2 is causing global warming. The hypothesis is referred to as
Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW). The agency that carried out the deception was the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
330:
Ball tells "the story of how and why the global warming deception was achieved. The world has not warmed for over 20 years, yet carbon dioxide (CO2) levels continue to rise in complete contradiction to what all governments are saying". Ball writes:
1132:
Dyck, M. G.; Soon, W.; Baydack, R. K.; Legates, D. R.; Baliunas, S.; Ball, T. F.; Hancock, L. O. (2007). "Polar bears of western Hudson Bay and climate change: Are warming spring air temperatures the "ultimate" survival control factor?".
551:
stating that when Ball received his PhD in 1983, "Canada already had PhDs in climatology," and that Ball had only been a professor for eight years, rather than 28 as he had claimed. Johnson, however, counted only Ball's years as a
1863:
Scheduled speakers include some of the nation's best-known global warming skeptics, including
Anthony Watts, a television weatherman; Timothy Ball, a former University of Winnipeg professor who has been sued for libel by Michael
2135:
Ball was an instructor at the
University of Winnipeg in 1971, an assistant professor in 1982, and an associate professor in 1984 before promotion to full professorship in 1988, until his retirement 8 years later in 1996. See
265:, most of which pertain to reconstructing temperatures in Canada during the past several centuries. In 2003, Ball co-authored a book entitled "Eighteenth-Century Naturalists of Hudson Bay," which was reviewed in the
2039:
Ball was misidentified in the documentary as
Professor from the Department of Climatology, University of Winnipeg; he left his faculty position in 1996, and the University of Winnipeg never had a Department of
298:
and other independent researchers, who concluded that man-made climate change was likely to lead to major declines in polar-bear populations by 2050. The paper was also criticized by an expert at the
2386:
434:'s a pollutant when it's an extremely important gas in the atmosphere for all plant life and therefore for the oxygen that's produced, is just nonsense." He is also one of the signatories of the
2345:
539:, that he was the first person to receive a PhD in climatology in Canada, and that he had been a professor for 28 years, claims he also made in a letter to then-prime minister of Canada,
1350:
170:
Climatic change in central Canada : a preliminary analysis of weather information from the Hudson's Bay Company Forts at York Factory and Churchill Factory, 1714–1850.
2611:
2591:
1420:
2250:
2412:
2068:
2606:
1518:
591:. Mann then sued Ball and Frontier Centre for libel, and stated that he was seeking punitive damages and for the article to be removed from the web site.
2165:
1822:
479:
211:(November 5, 1938 – September 24, 2022) was a British-born Canadian public speaker and writer who was a professor in the Department of Geography at the
1349:
Ball, Tim. "The First in A Series of Simplified Explanations of the Corrupted and Falsified Science of Human Caused Global Warming," posted by Ball on
1254:
2519:
340:
Ball introduces his book as "presented in the form of a journalistic investigation answering basic questions, Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How."
588:
556:. In the letter, Johnson also wrote that Ball "did not show any evidence of research regarding climate and atmosphere," which Ball later admitted.
435:
270:
2601:
1554:
1188:
389:
216:
2296:
2269:
1621:
2120:
1733:
304:
Re-Assessment of the Baffin Bay and Kane Basin Polar Bear Subpopulations: Final Report to the Canada-Greenland Joint Commission on Polar Bear
1238:
1433:
127:
Clarence Atchison Award for Excellence in Community Service Clifford J. Robson Memorial Award for Teaching Excellence
947:
Ball, T. F. (1986). "Historical evidence and climatic implications of a shift in the boreal forest tundra transition in central Canada".
805:
1305:
868:
501:
and that was described as a "deceptive and propagandist portrayal of the science of global warming". Also in 2007, he participated in
253:
Ball founded the Rupert's Land Research Centre, a historical society dedicated to promoting the history of the area formerly known as
2463:
984:
Ball, T. (1990). "The migration of geese as an indicator of climate change in the southern Hudson Bay region between 1715 and 1851".
595:
awarded to Ball. The actual defamation claims were not judged, but instead the case was dismissed due to delay by Mann's legal team.
1758:
1280:
772:
690:
671:
652:
633:
576:
467:
371:
299:
1608:
1805:
Dr. Timothy Ball is an environmental consultant and former climatology professor at the University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
494:
439:
320:
258:
1677:
294:
to justify opposition to listing polar bears on the endangered-species list, its findings were contradicted by reports from the
295:
236:
101:
1523:
411:
2141:
1993:
257:, in 1984. He also served as its director from then until 1996. The society placed a particular emphasis on the use of the
2596:
2524:
584:
443:
2106:
2034:
1462:
471:
2078:
2314:
2050:
1490:
910:
Ball, T. F.; Kingsley, R. A. (1984). "Instrumental temperature records at two sites in Central Canada: 1768 to 1910".
1369:
767:
2430:
2198:
1903:
2193:
2491:
1739:
1060:
266:
1781:
302:, who wrote that it "doesn't measure up scientifically." A subsequent in depth international independent study,
1528:
1110:
603:
Some have linked Ball's activism to funding from the fossil fuel industry, especially through the organization
544:
1845:
430:, an alternative media radio show. On July 21, 2011, while a guest on the show, he stated: "To suggest that CO
366:
and Natural Resources Stewardship Project, which oppose the scientific consensus of significant anthropogenic
2364:
1211:
475:
2028:
745:
718:
262:
232:
228:
212:
156:
97:
93:
1404:
474:
since the mid-1990s, and asserted that global warming is due to natural variations. Ball spoke twice at
463:
215:
from 1971 until his retirement in 1996. Subsequently Ball became active in promoting rejection of the
2586:
2581:
1467:
1030:
993:
956:
919:
1021:
Ball, T. (1994). "Climate of two locations on the Southwestern corner of Hudson Bay: AD 1720–1729".
219:, giving public talks and writing opinion pieces and letters to the editor for Canadian newspapers.
1786:
1682:
448:
579:'s web site published a February 2011 interview, in which Ball told an anonymous interviewer that
2073:
1559:
1321:
1114:
1077:
1009:
972:
935:
810:
740:
604:
522:
506:
416:
363:
1972:
1753:
1931:
1058:
Binnema, Theodore (Summer–Fall 2005). "Eighteenth-Century Naturalists of Hudson Bay (review)".
2251:"B.C. Green party leader Andrew Weaver has defamation lawsuit against retired prof thrown out"
2152:
2116:
1876:
1710:
1587:
1301:
1276:
686:
667:
648:
629:
568:
427:
404:
2545:
2449:
1626:
1142:
1106:
1069:
1038:
1001:
964:
927:
777:
564:
510:
254:
181:
2112:
1997:
865:
A Country So Interesting: The Hudson's Bay Company and Two Centuries of Mapping, 1670–1870
580:
518:
459:
31:
1991:
Beck's global warming special dominated by industry-funded experts,' serial misinformers
1034:
997:
960:
923:
2170:
1936:
1850:
1438:
535:
393:
382:
375:
367:
316:
1705:
1160:
169:
2575:
2468:
2359:
1165:
1081:
1013:
976:
939:
685:. McGill-Queen's Native and Northern. Vol. 34. McGill-Queen's University Press.
607:, whose scientific advisory board he sat upon. For example, Peter Gorrie said in the
392:
and stated that he believed global warming is occurring but that human production of
2221:
1958:
1817:
1118:
587:, "should be in the State Pen, not Penn State". This referred to Mann's role in the
235:
in 1971 and a PhD in geography with a specific focus on historical climatology from
2496:
2413:"A Scientist Took Climate Change Deniers to Court and Wrested an Apology From Them"
1374:
1216:
832:
609:
514:
420:
882:
315:
Tim Ball wrote several books positing a false notion that carbon dioxide is not a
2137:
1335:
1212:"Palin fought safeguards for polar bears with studies by climate change sceptics"
1146:
2564:...I'm accused of getting the money from the oil company, which is simply a lie.
2226:
1990:
1654:
1582:
1495:
713:
560:
discipline of geography, and subsequently withdrew the lawsuit on June 8, 2007.
540:
374:. Ball also rejected the scientific consensus on climate change, claiming that "
291:
287:
146:
1649:
2018:
483:
553:
498:
142:
17:
2318:
1095:
Cooke, Fred (2004). "Eighteenth-Century Naturalists of Hudson Bay Review".
1042:
1073:
497:, an hour and a quarter-long British television documentary that aired on
486:
made false charges about his credentials and professional qualifications.
1911:
851:
1097:
1005:
968:
931:
274:
261:. Ball has published a number of peer-reviewed papers in the field of
2317:. Frontier Centre for Public Policy. 10 February 2011. Archived from
1622:"HARRIS AND BALL: 2012 probably not the hottest on record, after all"
1421:"CO2 is not a Greenhouse Gas that Raises Global temperature. Period!"
1189:
Work of prominent climate change denier was funded by energy industry
883:"Churchill Provides Ideal Meeting Place for Rupert's Land Colloquium"
163:
1792:
227:
Ball received a bachelor's degree with honors in geography from the
1706:"Death Threats for man-made-global-warming-doesn't-exist scientist"
1273:
Human caused global warming : the biggest deception in history
626:
Human caused global warming : the biggest deception in history
451:
from a similarly dismissive point of view, arguing that "Even if CO
328:
Human Caused Global Warming : the Biggest Deception in History
1877:"Complaint to Ofcom Regarding "The Great Global Warming Swindle""
400:
greenhouse gas–induced climate change but the existence of the CO
1396:
1370:"Why does Channel 4 seem to be waging a war against the greens?"
1320:
Ball, Tim. "Excerpt from Slaying the Sky Dragon." Accessed from
664:
Slaying the sky dragon : death of the greenhouse gas theory
662:
Ball, Tim; Siddons, Alan; Olson, Joseph A.; et al. (2011).
2520:"U.S. coal giant owed money to Canadian climate change deniers"
2550:
2392:(Press release). Frontier Centre for Public Policy. 2019-06-07
714:"Clarence Atchison Award for Excellence in Community Service"
547:, countered his claim on April 23, 2006, in a letter to the
2297:"Article defamed Andrew Weaver, B.C. Court of Appeal finds"
2270:"B.C. Green Party's Andrew Weaver loses defamation lawsuit"
741:"Clifford J. Robson Memorial Award for Teaching Excellence"
543:. Dan Johnson, a professor of environmental science at the
1336:
Slaying the Sky Dragon: Death of the Greenhouse Gas Theory
1111:
10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1301:ENOHB]2.0.CO;2
836:
Climatologist Timothy Ball sends PhD to Canada Free Press,
352:
Slaying the Sky Dragon: Death of the Greenhouse Gas Theory
1650:"ENVIRONMENT: Analysis of alarmism: ocean acidification"
1491:"Climatology expert threatened for climate change views"
199:
2051:
Climatology expert threatened for climate change views
1555:"Nurturing doubt about climate change is big business"
2464:"John Moore: A peek into the climate denier industry"
2069:"Aussies' Suzuki heavier on rhetoric than on science"
1519:"Global Warming Inaction More Costly Than Solutions?"
1161:"Exxon's funding of polar bear research questioned"
470:, a Canadian think tank, states that Ball disputed
307:caution in both future monitoring and management."
194:
180:
162:
152:
138:
123:
115:
107:
89:
81:
69:
46:
39:
681:Houston, Stuart; Ball, Tim; Houston, Mary (2003).
1205:
1203:
1201:
583:, director of the Earth System Science Center at
350:Ball was one of several authors of the 2011 book
1609:Climate Experts Who Signed Manhattan Declaration
1415:
1413:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1245:updated August 19, 2014. Retrieved 7 Sept. 2014.
419:, in a presentation he gave in June 2006 to the
1463:"Global warming 'biggest deception in history'"
333:
111:Opposing mainstream consensus on climate change
27:Canadian public speaker and writer (1938–2022)
1548:
1546:
567:sued Ball over an article Ball wrote for the
8:
1961:at the Friends of Science website are dated.
1678:"Scientists threatened for 'climate denial'"
1298:The deliberate corruption of climate science
1239:Forecasting the Future Status of Polar Bears
683:Eighteenth-Century Naturalists of Hudson Bay
645:The deliberate corruption of climate science
533:Ball claimed, in an article written for the
345:The Deliberate Corruption of Climate Science
396:is not the cause. Ball rejected not only CO
2222:"Climate skeptic makes free speech appeal"
2166:"Climate Scientist Sues Skeptic for Libel"
2100:
2098:
2096:
2012:
2010:
1823:International Conference on Climate Change
1620:Harris, Tom; Ball, Tim (11 January 2013).
1363:
1361:
1359:
480:International Conference on Climate Change
249:Historical climatology and natural history
36:
2612:Alumni of Queen Mary University of London
2220:Reich, Eugenie Samuel (9 February 2011).
842:Direct quote of how he describes himself.
806:"Ad campaign takes aim at climate change"
804:Mittelstaedt, Martin (17 November 2009).
370:, and is a former research fellow at the
2592:Academic staff of University of Winnipeg
2387:"Retraction and apology to Michael Mann"
2360:"Prof Claims Climate-Denier Defamed Him"
2315:"Dr. Tim Ball, Historical Climatologist"
2164:Rudolf, John Collins (8 February 2011).
589:Climatic Research Unit email controversy
462:called Ball "perhaps the most prominent
1754:"Expert says global warming all "bunk""
705:
436:Manhattan Declaration on Climate Change
271:University of Northern British Columbia
2026:
1553:Montgomery, Charles (12 August 2006).
1353:, 17 June 2017. Retrieved 3 Nov. 2017.
799:
797:
795:
390:scientific consensus on climate change
319:causing warming and advancing a false
231:in 1970, followed by an M.A. from the
217:scientific consensus on global warming
2492:"Who's still cool on global warming?"
1925:
1923:
1921:
1735:The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars
1340:Mt. Vernon, WA: Stairway Press, 2011.
1195:21 Feb. 2015. Retrieved 28 Mar. 2017.
852:Website at the University of Winnipeg
273:in 2005, as well as by Fred Cooke in
7:
2057:13 Feb. 2010. Accessed 15 Feb. 2014.
1210:Pilkington, Ed (30 September 2008).
1023:International Journal of Climatology
2428:(story originally published by the
2249:Fraser, Keith (February 14, 2018).
2017:Durkin, Martin (12 December 2010).
2004:May 3, 2007. Accessed 15 Feb. 2014.
1489:Coren, Michael (13 February 2010).
2607:Canadian people of English descent
2295:Dickson, Louise (April 30, 2020).
1846:"Senator Inhofe Sends His Regrets"
1517:Minard, Anne (24 September 2007).
1401:Frontier Centre for Public Policy.
776:. 15 November 2004. Archived from
426:Ball was also a frequent guest on
25:
2192:Brainard, Curtis (25 July 2012).
1759:Frontier Centre for Public Policy
1423:, personal website, 15 Feb. 2016.
773:Frontier Centre for Public Policy
577:Frontier Centre for Public Policy
468:Frontier Centre for Public Policy
385:that raises global temperature."
372:Frontier Centre for Public Policy
300:National Snow and Ice Data Center
223:Education and professional career
2518:Mandel, Charles (16 June 2016).
2490:Gorrie, Peter (1 January 2007).
2462:Moore, John (23 February 2012).
2400:– via Columbia University.
2153:Partial Discontinuance of Action
2020:The Great Global Warming Swindle
1989:Gertz, Matt and Julie Millican.
1844:Broder, John M. (30 June 2011).
1368:Monbiot, George (21 July 2008).
505:, a special presentation of the
495:The Great Global Warming Swindle
321:climate change conspiracy theory
286:"Viewpoint" article and was not
30:For the American historian, see
2411:McIntosh, Emma (16 June 2019).
2358:Greer, Darryl (28 March 2011).
1255:Report Summary Pdf, pg 21, p3,5
869:McGill-Queen's University Press
358:Climate change-related activism
290:. While the paper was cited by
240:retired from teaching in 1996.
237:Queen Mary University of London
102:Queen Mary University of London
2546:"Exposed: The Climate of Fear"
2268:DeRosa, Katie (Feb 14, 2018).
1930:Farley, John W. (1 May 2012).
1704:McLeod, Judi (12 March 2007).
1581:Noory, George (21 July 2011).
521:. In 2010, he appeared on the
311:Books disputing climate change
1:
2602:University of Manitoba alumni
1971:Brook, Barry (12 July 2007).
1902:Ball, Tim (7 February 2011).
1676:Harper, Tom (11 March 2007).
585:Pennsylvania State University
444:National Climatic Data Center
281:Climate and polar bears study
259:Hudson's Bay Company Archives
2445:Michael Mann v. Timothy Ball
2341:Michael Mann v. Timothy Ball
1648:Ball, Tim (22 August 2009).
1243:USGS: Alaska Science Center,
1147:10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.03.002
863:Ruggles, Richard I. (1991).
503:Exposed: The Climate of Fear
472:anthropogenic global warming
2348: (BCSC 2011-03-11).
2067:Ball, Tim (19 April 2006).
1883:. 11 June 2007. p. 134
1527:. p. 2. Archived from
269:by Theodore Binnema of the
2628:
2525:Canada's National Observer
2199:Columbia Journalism Review
2002:Media Matters for America.
1932:"Petroleum and Propaganda"
1461:Glen, Barb (8 June 2012).
563:In 2011 climate scientist
529:Controversies and lawsuits
347:was along the same lines.
29:
1881:Ofcomswindlecomplaint.net
1740:Columbia University Press
1732:Mann, Michael E. (2012).
1397:Tim Ball, Research Fellow
1333:O'Sullivan, John, et al.
1061:American Indian Quarterly
493:In 2007 Ball appeared on
267:American Indian Quarterly
190:
131:
2140:(archived version here:
2033:: CS1 maint: location (
1583:"Summer Psychic Special"
1434:"Climate of controversy"
545:University of Lethbridge
438:. Ball also, along with
2365:Courthouse News Service
2023:(Film). 00:14: YouTube.
476:The Heartland Institute
2105:Hoggan, James (2009).
1068:(3 & 4): 732–733.
1043:10.1002/joc.3370141006
906:These papers include:
896:(16): 1–2. April 1988.
746:University of Winnipeg
719:University of Winnipeg
338:
296:U.S. Geological Survey
263:historical climatology
233:University of Manitoba
229:University of Winnipeg
213:University of Winnipeg
157:University of Winnipeg
98:University of Manitoba
94:University of Winnipeg
1405:archived 15 June 2014
1135:Ecological Complexity
1074:10.1353/aiq.2005.0078
464:climate change denier
2597:Canadian geographers
2115:. pp. 142–144.
1959:19 articles archived
1468:The Western Producer
209:Timothy Francis Ball
51:Timothy Francis Ball
2321:on 14 February 2011
1973:"Don't be swindled"
1914:on 12 January 2014.
1787:Heartland Institute
1683:The Daily Telegraph
1531:on 28 December 2007
1524:National Geographic
1275:. Tellwell Talent.
1035:1994IJCli..14.1151B
998:1990ClCh....5...85B
961:1986ClCh....8..121B
924:1984ClCh....6...39B
628:. Tellwell Talent.
449:ocean acidification
412:National Geographic
2074:The Calgary Herald
1996:2012-06-14 at the
1560:The Globe and Mail
1300:. Stairway Press.
1296:Ball, Tim (2014).
1271:Ball, Tim (2016).
1006:10.1007/BF00144682
969:10.1007/BF00139750
932:10.1007/BF00141667
840:Canada Free Press.
838:February 7, 2007:
811:The Globe and Mail
666:. Stairway Press.
647:. Stairway Press.
643:Ball, Tim (2014).
624:Ball, Tim (2016).
605:Friends of Science
523:Michael Coren Show
507:Glenn Beck Program
442:, argued that the
417:Environment Canada
388:Ball rejected the
364:Friends of Science
244:Research and books
73:September 24, 2022
2431:National Observer
2122:978-1-926706-77-1
1711:Canada Free Press
1588:Coast to Coast AM
1169:. 28 October 2007
1029:(10): 1151–1168.
569:Canada Free Press
428:Coast to Coast AM
405:greenhouse effect
362:Ball worked with
343:Ball's 2014 book
326:In his 2016 book
206:
205:
133:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
2619:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2161:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2108:Climate Cover-Up
2102:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2081:on 14 April 2015
2077:. Archived from
2064:
2058:
2055:The Toronto Sun.
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2014:
2005:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1927:
1916:
1915:
1910:. Archived from
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1791:. Archived from
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1627:Washington Times
1617:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1430:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1365:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1268:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1207:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1017:
980:
943:
904:
898:
897:
887:
879:
873:
872:
871:. pp. xiii.
860:
854:
849:
843:
829:
823:
822:
820:
818:
801:
790:
789:
787:
785:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
710:
696:
677:
658:
639:
565:Andrew J. Weaver
511:Patrick Michaels
466:in Canada." The
202:
200:Official website
182:Doctoral advisor
176:
76:
61:November 5, 1938
60:
58:
37:
21:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2557:
2555:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2530:
2528:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2421:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2276:. Victoria, B.C
2267:
2266:
2262:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2194:"I Don't Bluff"
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2113:Greystone Books
2104:
2103:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2049:Coren, Michael.
2048:
2044:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2008:
1998:Wayback Machine
1988:
1984:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1957:Not all of the
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1856:
1854:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1798:
1796:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1762:. 28 March 2004
1752:
1751:
1747:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1411:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1351:his own website
1348:
1344:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1020:
986:Climatic Change
983:
949:Climatic Change
946:
912:Climatic Change
909:
905:
901:
885:
881:
880:
876:
862:
861:
857:
850:
846:
831:McLeod, Judi. "
830:
826:
816:
814:
803:
802:
793:
783:
781:
780:on 9 March 2013
766:
765:
761:
751:
749:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
712:
711:
707:
703:
693:
680:
674:
661:
655:
642:
636:
623:
620:
601:
599:Funding sources
581:Michael E. Mann
531:
519:climate deniers
460:Michael E. Mann
454:
433:
403:
399:
379:
360:
313:
283:
251:
246:
225:
198:
174:
90:Alma mater
74:
65:
62:
56:
54:
53:
52:
42:
35:
32:Timothy H. Ball
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2625:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2537:
2510:
2482:
2454:
2436:
2403:
2378:
2350:
2332:
2306:
2301:Times Colonist
2287:
2274:Times Colonist
2260:
2241:
2212:
2184:
2171:New York Times
2156:
2145:
2128:
2121:
2092:
2059:
2042:
2006:
1982:
1963:
1950:
1937:Monthly Review
1917:
1894:
1868:
1851:New York Times
1836:
1809:
1782:"Timothy Ball"
1773:
1745:
1724:
1696:
1668:
1640:
1612:
1601:
1573:
1542:
1509:
1481:
1453:
1439:Ottawa Citizen
1425:
1409:
1403:31 Jan. 2007,
1388:
1355:
1342:
1326:
1324:, 2 Feb. 2014.
1322:Ball's website
1313:
1307:978-0988877740
1306:
1288:
1281:
1258:
1247:
1230:
1197:
1180:
1152:
1124:
1087:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1018:
981:
955:(2): 121–134.
944:
899:
874:
855:
844:
824:
791:
768:"Dr. Tim Ball"
759:
732:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
691:
678:
672:
659:
653:
640:
634:
619:
616:
600:
597:
554:full professor
536:Calgary Herald
530:
527:
452:
431:
401:
397:
394:carbon dioxide
383:greenhouse gas
377:
368:global warming
359:
356:
317:greenhouse gas
312:
309:
282:
279:
250:
247:
245:
242:
224:
221:
204:
203:
196:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
166:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:Known for
105:
104:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
77:(aged 83)
71:
67:
66:
63:
50:
48:
44:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2624:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2511:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2471:
2470:
2469:National Post
2465:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2346:VLC-SS-111913
2342:
2336:
2333:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2255:Vancouver Sun
2252:
2245:
2242:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2029:cite AV media
2022:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1795:on 2014-02-22
1794:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1742:. p. 95.
1741:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1725:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1442:. 18 May 2006
1441:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1282:9781773021300
1278:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:The Guardian,
1190:
1184:
1181:
1168:
1167:
1166:New Scientist
1162:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
907:
903:
900:
895:
891:
884:
878:
875:
870:
866:
859:
856:
853:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
825:
813:
812:
807:
800:
798:
796:
792:
779:
775:
774:
769:
763:
760:
748:
747:
742:
736:
733:
721:
720:
715:
709:
706:
700:
694:
692:9780773522855
688:
684:
679:
675:
673:9780982773413
669:
665:
660:
656:
654:9780988877740
650:
646:
641:
637:
635:9781773021300
631:
627:
622:
621:
617:
615:
612:
611:
606:
598:
596:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
570:
566:
561:
557:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
528:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
450:
445:
441:
437:
429:
424:
423:Probus Club.
422:
418:
413:
408:
406:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
373:
369:
365:
357:
355:
353:
348:
346:
341:
337:
332:
329:
324:
322:
318:
310:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:peer-reviewed
280:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Rupert's Land
248:
243:
241:
238:
234:
230:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:B.W. Atkinson
185:
183:
179:
172:
171:
167:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
72:
68:
49:
45:
38:
33:
19:
2563:
2556:. Retrieved
2554:. 2 May 2007
2549:
2540:
2529:. Retrieved
2523:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2497:Toronto Star
2495:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2467:
2457:
2444:
2439:
2429:
2420:. Retrieved
2417:Mother Jones
2416:
2406:
2396:19 September
2394:. Retrieved
2381:
2369:. Retrieved
2363:
2353:
2340:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:the original
2309:
2300:
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2273:
2263:
2254:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2225:
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2197:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2169:
2159:
2148:
2131:
2107:
2083:. Retrieved
2079:the original
2072:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2040:Climatology.
2019:
2001:
1985:
1976:
1966:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1935:
1912:the original
1908:Dr. Tim Ball
1907:
1904:"Ad hominem"
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1880:
1871:
1862:
1855:. Retrieved
1849:
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1821:
1812:
1804:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:the original
1785:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1757:
1748:
1734:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1709:
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1681:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1653:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1586:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1558:
1533:. Retrieved
1529:the original
1522:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1494:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1466:
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1437:
1428:
1419:Ball, Tim,
1400:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:The Guardian
1373:
1345:
1334:
1329:
1316:
1297:
1291:
1272:
1250:
1242:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:The Guardian
1215:
1192:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1026:
1022:
992:(1): 85–93.
989:
985:
952:
948:
918:(1): 39–56.
915:
911:
902:
893:
889:
877:
864:
858:
847:
839:
835:
827:
815:. Retrieved
809:
782:. Retrieved
778:the original
771:
762:
750:. Retrieved
744:
735:
723:. Retrieved
717:
708:
682:
663:
644:
625:
610:Toronto Star
608:
602:
593:
574:
562:
558:
548:
534:
532:
517:, and other
515:John Christy
502:
492:
488:
458:
425:
421:Comox Valley
409:
387:
361:
351:
349:
344:
342:
339:
334:
327:
325:
314:
303:
284:
252:
226:
208:
207:
168:
153:Institutions
132:
75:(2022-09-24)
18:Timothy Ball
2587:2022 deaths
2582:1938 births
2558:10 February
2503:23 February
2227:Nature News
2205:21 February
1655:News Weekly
1496:Toronto Sun
1381:10 February
1105:(4): 1301.
725:10 February
541:Paul Martin
292:Sarah Palin
147:Climatology
82:Citizenship
2576:Categories
2531:2022-10-01
2475:5 February
2371:2 February
2325:2 February
2234:28 January
2177:28 January
2085:27 January
1943:5 February
1887:27 January
1857:5 February
1829:5 February
1818:"Tim Ball"
1799:27 January
1766:6 February
1717:5 February
1689:27 January
1661:5 February
1633:5 February
1594:3 February
1566:5 February
1535:5 February
1502:29 January
1474:28 January
1446:27 January
1223:6 February
1173:6 February
890:In Edition
817:5 February
784:27 January
701:References
484:DeSmogBlog
440:Tom Harris
410:Ball told
119:Marty Ball
57:1938-11-05
1141:(3): 73.
1082:162302655
1014:154272626
977:150697714
940:153328941
499:Channel 4
490:2008–09.
456:threats.
381:is not a
277:in 2004.
143:Geography
2280:March 1,
1994:Archived
1977:ABC News
1864:Mann....
1119:85610965
407:itself.
85:Canadian
41:Tim Ball
2422:16 June
1789:website
1098:The Auk
1031:Bibcode
994:Bibcode
957:Bibcode
920:Bibcode
752:23 June
509:, with
336:(IPCC).
275:the Auk
195:Website
64:England
2448:,
2344:,
2119:
1304:
1279:
1117:
1080:
1012:
975:
938:
689:
670:
651:
632:
549:Herald
175:(1983)
173:
164:Thesis
139:Fields
124:Awards
116:Spouse
2390:(png)
1115:S2CID
1078:S2CID
1010:S2CID
973:S2CID
936:S2CID
886:(PDF)
618:Books
2560:2014
2505:2014
2477:2014
2450:1580
2424:2019
2398:2019
2373:2014
2327:2014
2282:2018
2236:2014
2229:Blog
2207:2014
2179:2014
2117:ISBN
2087:2014
2035:link
1945:2014
1889:2014
1859:2014
1831:2014
1801:2014
1768:2014
1719:2014
1691:2014
1663:2014
1635:2014
1596:2014
1568:2014
1537:2014
1504:2014
1476:2014
1448:2014
1383:2014
1302:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1225:2014
1175:2014
819:2014
786:2014
754:2017
727:2014
687:ISBN
668:ISBN
649:ISBN
630:ISBN
575:The
70:Died
47:Born
2551:CNN
2053:."
2000:."
1399:."
1241:,"
1191:,"
1143:doi
1107:doi
1103:121
1070:doi
1039:doi
1002:doi
965:doi
928:doi
834:,"
478:'s
2578::
2562:.
2548:.
2522:.
2494:.
2466:.
2415:.
2362:.
2299:.
2272:.
2253:.
2224:.
2196:.
2168:.
2143:).
2138:CV
2111:.
2095:^
2071:.
2031:}}
2027:{{
2009:^
1975:.
1934:.
1920:^
1906:.
1879:.
1861:.
1848:.
1820:.
1803:.
1784:.
1756:.
1738:.
1708:.
1680:.
1652:.
1624:.
1585:.
1557:.
1545:^
1521:.
1493:.
1465:.
1436:.
1412:^
1372:.
1358:^
1261:^
1214:.
1200:^
1163:.
1137:.
1113:.
1101:.
1076:.
1066:29
1064:.
1037:.
1027:14
1025:.
1008:.
1000:.
988:.
971:.
963:.
951:.
934:.
926:.
914:.
892:.
888:.
867:.
808:.
794:^
770:.
743:.
716:.
525:.
513:,
376:CO
354:.
323:.
145:,
100:,
96:,
2534:.
2507:.
2479:.
2434:)
2426:.
2375:.
2329:.
2303:.
2284:.
2257:.
2238:.
2209:.
2181:.
2125:.
2089:.
2037:)
1979:.
1947:.
1891:.
1833:.
1770:.
1721:.
1693:.
1665:.
1637:.
1598:.
1570:.
1539:.
1506:.
1478:.
1450:.
1407:.
1395:"
1385:.
1338:.
1310:.
1285:.
1237:"
1227:.
1187:"
1177:.
1149:.
1145::
1139:4
1121:.
1109::
1084:.
1072::
1045:.
1041::
1033::
1016:.
1004::
996::
990:5
979:.
967::
959::
953:8
942:.
930::
922::
916:6
894:5
821:.
788:.
756:.
729:.
695:.
676:.
657:.
638:.
453:2
432:2
402:2
398:2
378:2
59:)
55:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.