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Timothy Matlack

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In January 1776, Philadelphia added two more battalions to its militia brigade, and Matlack was elected Colonel of the Fifth Battalion of Rifle Rangers. He was a delegate to the Conference of Committees, which met in June to plan a new constitution for Pennsylvania. Later that month, he engrossed the
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to the post of Commandant of Philadelphia, and Matlack came to despise Arnold's presence. He led an investigation of Arnold's wrongdoing, which triggered a court martial, and the court sentenced Arnold to be reprimanded by the Commander-in-Chief. Washington said that his officer's behavior had been
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with Washington on December 27, 1776, and Colonel Matlack and his 5th Rifle Battalion were part of the expedition. Washington credited the Pennsylvania militia for their timely service in this campaign, and other officers commended the force for its manliness and spirit. Following the British
480:. Newspapers were his primary medium and he signed a number of articles with the pseudonym Tiberius Gracchus. As Secretary to the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, Matlack was one of the most powerful men in the new state during the 452:
of the United Colonies. Congress elevated him to Storekeeper of Military Supplies. He was also a member of Philadelphia's Committee of Inspection and Secretary of the Committee of Officers of the city's three militia battalions.
352:, on March 28, 1736, to Elizabeth Martha Burr Haines and Timothy Matlack. His grandparents were William Matlack and Mary Hancock, and Henry Burr and Elizabeth Hudson. His siblings were Sybil, Elizabeth, Titus, Seth, Josiah, and 519:
who were "disowned" because of their support of the American war for independence. He was also one of the earliest opponents of slavery in America, and he felt that the Quakers were not moving quickly enough to abolish it.
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Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth, (ed. Millegrand Pencak, W., the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg, PA, 2002, p.
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merchant John Reynell in 1749. At the end of his term, he married Ellen Yarnall, the daughter of Quaker minister Mordecai Yarnall, and their children were William, Mordecai, Sibyl, Catharine, and Martha.
1592: 903: 1683: 1481: 713: 1698: 1493: 943: 871: 1668: 336:'s most provocative and influential political figures. He was removed from office by his political enemies at the end of the Revolutionary War, but returned to power in the 1723: 1673: 864: 461:
on parchment, and the 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress began signing it on August 2, 1776; it was unanimously adopted by all 56 delegates on July 4, 1776.
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who complained that he had been "frequenting company in such a manner as to spend too much of his time from home". He was confined to debtors' prison in 1768 and 1769.
1643: 1209: 550:," the northwestern portion of the state purchased from the American Indians. They were also charged with exploring a route for a passageway to connect the 1708: 1693: 1648: 1468: 1117: 1060: 477: 1065: 887: 458: 389: 299: 229: 1688: 1183: 1713: 1608: 298:(March 28, 1736 – April 14, 1829) was an American politician, military officer and businessman who was chosen in 1776 to inscribe the original 1322: 1178: 952: 908: 512: 1508: 1417: 1663: 1193: 1168: 1132: 465: 108: 1585: 1562: 318:
in 1780. Matlack was known for his excellent penmanship, and his handwritten copy of the Declaration is on public display in the
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Chicago, Dec. 1913.; William Wade Hinshaw, Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy, Vol. II - Philadelphia MM records.
531:, Matlack helped raise a substantial sum of money to construct the Free Quaker Meeting House at the corner of Fifth and 68: 1575: 1445: 441: 311: 142: 1580: 1550: 629: 532: 501: 481: 434: 397: 323: 307: 35: 1658: 1461: 1153: 563: 536: 528: 75: 600: 578: 193: 803:
Storey, Henry Wilson. "History of Cambria County, Pennsylvania." New York: The Lewis Publishing Company, 1907.
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In 1760, Matlack opened a store called the Case Knife, and he and Owen Biddle purchased a steel furnace in
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History of The Religious Society of Friends Called by Some The Free Quakers, in the City of Philadelphia.
1570: 1291: 210: 138: 562:, from 1799 until 1808 when Lancaster was the capital of Pennsylvania, and he worked as a clerk of the 1638: 1633: 1405: 1678: 1555: 1532: 1281: 547: 408: 393: 319: 813: 1343: 1013: 666:
Papers read before the Lancaster County Historical Society, Vol. XLII-No.6; Lancaster, PA: 1938.
581:, on April 14, 1829, and was interred in the Free Quaker Burial Ground on South Fifth Street in 384: 1520: 1455: 1286: 1271: 1163: 1127: 1091: 543: 524: 445: 419: 82: 1598: 1435: 1421: 1353: 1348: 1276: 1122: 987: 933: 856: 723: 449: 418:
By 1769, Matlack set up a new business selling bottled beer and opened his own brewery near
401: 327: 1515: 1498: 1369: 1338: 982: 977: 719: 555: 493: 430: 175: 310:, Matlack served as Secretary of Pennsylvania during the conflict and a delegate to the 1450: 1312: 1296: 1070: 1039: 1018: 488: 1627: 1525: 1379: 1219: 1214: 1173: 1158: 1137: 1096: 1086: 1055: 913: 850: 625: 469: 357: 353: 569:
Matlack was known for his household garden, which included 28 types of peach tree.
1409: 1317: 1266: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1101: 1003: 960: 605: 586: 582: 423: 368: 361: 333: 315: 197: 585:. In 1905, his remains were removed and reinterred in Wetherill Cemetery opposite 827: 306:. A brewer and beer bottler who emerged as a popular and powerful leader in the 24: 1374: 1008: 484:. In 1780, his government passed an Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery. 132: 714:"The Scribbler: The man who really wrote the Declaration of Independence" 650:
History of the Portrait Collection, Independence National Historical Park
604:, Matlack is mentioned in a riddle solved by the protagonist, Ben Gates ( 516: 412: 372: 303: 146: 497:"reprehensible"; Arnold's treason was discovered five months later. 542:
In 1790, Matlack was commissioned to survey the "headwaters of the
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New York: Charles Scribner & Sons, 1933, vol 12, pp 409–410
411:, in 1762. His shop failed in 1765, and he was disowned by the 18: 1593:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
437:, to engross (transcribe) an address to the King of England. 360:
and Mary Haines. His first cousin was a Quaker abolitionist
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Timothy Matlack: Scribe of the Declaration of Independence
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Timothy Matlack: Scribe of the Declaration of Independence
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Fanelli, Doris Devine, Karie Diethorn and John C. Milley.
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Timothy Matlack: Scribe of the Declaration of Independence
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The Philadelphia and Pennsylvania militia crossed the
652:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2001. 747:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2013, p. 55. 1541: 1428: 1392: 1362: 1331: 1305: 1259: 1228: 1202: 1146: 1110: 1079: 1048: 1027: 996: 970: 951: 942: 926: 899:
Physical history of the Declaration of Independence
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Yarnall Family Record in America from 1683 to 1913.
236: 224: 216: 205: 182: 153: 123: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1684:Pennsylvania militiamen in the American Revolution 504:in 1779. In 1780, he was elected a member of the 508:and served as its secretary from 1781 to 1783. 492:occupation of Philadelphia, Washington assigned 1699:People of New Jersey in the American Revolution 851:Free Quaker Meeting House architectural drawing 872: 8: 1669:Businesspeople from Lancaster, Pennsylvania 680:Philadelphia: Printed for the Society, 1894 511:In 1781, Matlack was among the founders of 448:'s commission as commander-in-chief of the 371:, and he was apprenticed to the prosperous 16:Delegate to the Second Continental Congress 1469:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 948: 923: 879: 865: 857: 671:Col. Timothy Matlack, Patriot and Soldier. 131: 120: 1724:United States Declaration of Independence 1674:Continental Congressmen from Pennsylvania 888:United States Declaration of Independence 814:"Presenting the Facts: National Treasure" 464:Matlack was instrumental in drafting the 459:United States Declaration of Independence 300:United States Declaration of Independence 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 1704:Politicians from Lancaster, Pennsylvania 760:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013, p.185. 853:by Timothy Matlack, Library of Congress 697: 502:University of the State of Pennsylvania 261: 1758; died 1791) 655:Johnson, Allen and Dumas Malone, eds. 392:, now faded, is on public view in the 707: 705: 703: 701: 513:The Religious Society of Free Quakers 7: 1509:Journals of the Continental Congress 828:"American Scribe | Adobe Fonts" 615:is inspired by Matlack's penmanship. 440:In May 1775, he became clerk to the 47:adding citations to reliable sources 1644:People from Haddonfield, New Jersey 1556:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom 500:Matlack was named a trustee of the 320:Rotunda of the Charters of Freedom 14: 1709:University of Pennsylvania people 1694:People from colonial Pennsylvania 1649:18th-century American politicians 847:at the University of Pennsylvania 657:Dictionary of American Biography. 645:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013. 466:Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 23: 1689:People from colonial New Jersey 282: 258: 34:needs additional citations for 1441:Virginia Declaration of Rights 506:American Philosophical Society 429:In 1774, Matlack was hired by 137:A 1790 portrait of Matlack by 1: 1714:Politicians from Philadelphia 1251:Charles Carroll of Carrollton 712:Brubaker, Jack (2016-06-28). 367:In 1738, the family moved to 1446:Second Continental Congress 442:Second Continental Congress 390:Declaration of Independence 312:Second Continental Congress 230:Declaration of Independence 1740: 1599:Signers Monument (Georgia) 904:Memorial to the 56 Signers 845:Biography, Timothy Matlack 673:: Privately printed, 1910. 630:United States Constitution 482:American Revolutionary War 444:and, in June, he composed 435:First Continental Congress 398:National Archives Building 324:National Archives Building 308:American Revolutionary War 1462:All men are created equal 922: 894: 564:Pennsylvania State Senate 356:; his half-siblings were 130: 1664:American revolutionaries 662:Landis, Bertha Cochran. 628:, engrosser of the 1787 579:Holmesburg, Pennsylvania 537:Center City Philadelphia 344:Early life and education 1476:Consent of the governed 560:Lancaster, Pennsylvania 546:and the streams of the 350:Haddonfield, New Jersey 209:Wetherills Cemetery in 1654:American abolitionists 404: 332:Matlack became one of 172:Province of New Jersey 1292:Francis Lightfoot Lee 953:President of Congress 664:Col. Timothy Matlack. 387: 211:Audubon, Pennsylvania 139:Charles Willson Peale 1719:Quaker abolitionists 1406:Robert R. Livingston 785:search.amphilsoc.org 781:"APS Member History" 676:Wetherill, Charles. 348:Matlack was born in 200:, Pennsylvania, U.S. 43:improve this article 1533:American Revolution 816:. 19 December 2016. 433:, Secretary of the 409:Trenton, New Jersey 394:Charters of Freedom 388:Matlack's original 271:Elizabeth Claypoole 143:Museum of Fine Arts 1595:(Washington, D.C.) 1586:Semiquincentennial 1489:Document's history 1344:Thomas Heyward Jr. 1014:Robert Treat Paine 669:Stackhouse, A. M. 593:In popular culture 405: 141:on display at the 1621: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1609:Trumbull portrait 1551:National Archives 1521:Independence Hall 1456:Committee of Five 1388: 1387: 1287:Thomas Nelson Jr. 1282:Benjamin Harrison 1272:Richard Henry Lee 1164:Benjamin Franklin 1128:Francis Hopkinson 1092:Philip Livingston 1061:Samuel Huntington 683:Yarnall, John K. 601:National Treasure 598:In the 2004 film 544:Susquehanna River 525:Benjamin Franklin 446:George Washington 420:Independence Hall 293: 292: 119: 118: 111: 93: 58:"Timothy Matlack" 1731: 1659:American Quakers 1576:Sesquicentennial 1563:Independence Day 1436:Halifax Resolves 1422:Matthew Tilghman 1395:for Independence 1393:Delegates voting 1354:Arthur Middleton 1349:Thomas Lynch Jr. 1277:Thomas Jefferson 1123:John Witherspoon 1118:Richard Stockton 1066:William Williams 988:Matthew Thornton 949: 934:Thomas Jefferson 924: 909:Founding Fathers 881: 874: 867: 858: 832: 831: 824: 818: 817: 810: 804: 801: 795: 794: 792: 791: 777: 771: 767: 761: 754: 748: 741: 735: 734: 732: 731: 724:Lancaster Online 709: 577:Matlack died in 450:Continental Army 402:Washington, D.C. 338:Jeffersonian era 328:Washington, D.C. 286: 284: 262: 260: 189: 163: 161: 135: 121: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1613: 1543: 1537: 1516:United Colonies 1504:Timothy Matlack 1499:Charles Thomson 1424: 1412: 1396: 1394: 1384: 1358: 1339:Edward Rutledge 1327: 1301: 1255: 1224: 1198: 1142: 1106: 1075: 1044: 1035:Stephen Hopkins 1023: 992: 983:William Whipple 978:Josiah Bartlett 966: 963:(Massachusetts) 938: 918: 890: 885: 841: 836: 835: 826: 825: 821: 812: 811: 807: 802: 798: 789: 787: 779: 778: 774: 768: 764: 755: 751: 743:Coelho, Chris. 742: 738: 729: 727: 711: 710: 699: 694: 641:Coelho, Chris. 638: 622: 613:American Scribe 595: 575: 556:Allegheny River 494:Benedict Arnold 431:Charles Thomson 396:rotunda of the 382: 346: 296:Timothy Matlack 289: 288: 285: 1797) 280: 276: 273: 272: 264: 256: 252: 249: 248: 247:Eleanor Yarnell 228:"Scribe of the 201: 191: 187: 178: 176:British America 165: 159: 157: 149: 126: 125:Timothy Matlack 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1737: 1735: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1626: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1567:Anniversaries 1565: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1547: 1545: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1453: 1451:Lee Resolution 1448: 1443: 1438: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1400: 1398: 1397:(did not sign) 1390: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1370:Button Gwinett 1366: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1333: 1332:South Carolina 1329: 1328: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1313:William Hooper 1309: 1307: 1306:North Carolina 1303: 1302: 1300: 1299: 1297:Carter Braxton 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1071:Oliver Wolcott 1068: 1063: 1058: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1042: 1040:William Ellery 1037: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1022: 1021: 1019:Elbridge Gerry 1016: 1011: 1006: 1000: 998: 994: 993: 991: 990: 985: 980: 974: 972: 968: 967: 965: 964: 957: 955: 946: 940: 939: 937: 936: 930: 928: 927:Primary author 920: 919: 917: 916: 911: 906: 901: 895: 892: 891: 886: 884: 883: 876: 869: 861: 855: 854: 848: 840: 839:External links 837: 834: 833: 819: 805: 796: 772: 762: 756:Coelho, Chris 749: 736: 696: 695: 693: 690: 689: 688: 681: 674: 667: 660: 653: 646: 637: 634: 633: 632: 621: 618: 617: 616: 609: 594: 591: 574: 571: 558:. He lived in 489:Delaware River 478:John Dickinson 381: 378: 345: 342: 291: 290: 278: 274: 270: 269: 268: 267: 254: 250: 246: 245: 244: 243: 240: 238: 234: 233: 226: 225:Known for 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 207: 203: 202: 192: 190:(aged 93) 186:April 14, 1829 184: 180: 179: 166: 164:March 28, 1736 155: 151: 150: 136: 128: 127: 124: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1736: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1604:Pine portrait 1602: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1526:Syng inkstand 1524: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1482:27 grievances 1480: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1391: 1381: 1380:George Walton 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1220:Thomas McKean 1218: 1216: 1215:Caesar Rodney 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1184:George Taylor 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1174:George Clymer 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1159:Benjamin Rush 1157: 1155: 1154:Robert Morris 1152: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1139: 1138:Abraham Clark 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1097:Francis Lewis 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1087:William Floyd 1085: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1056:Roger Sherman 1054: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 999: 997:Massachusetts 995: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 975: 973: 971:New Hampshire 969: 962: 959: 958: 956: 954: 950: 947: 945: 941: 935: 932: 931: 929: 925: 921: 915: 914:Syng inkstand 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 896: 893: 889: 882: 877: 875: 870: 868: 863: 862: 859: 852: 849: 846: 843: 842: 838: 829: 823: 820: 815: 809: 806: 800: 797: 786: 782: 776: 773: 766: 763: 759: 753: 750: 746: 740: 737: 726: 725: 721: 715: 708: 706: 704: 702: 698: 691: 686: 682: 679: 675: 672: 668: 665: 661: 658: 654: 651: 647: 644: 640: 639: 635: 631: 627: 626:Jacob Shallus 624: 623: 619: 614: 610: 607: 603: 602: 597: 596: 592: 590: 588: 584: 580: 572: 570: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 529:Robert Morris 526: 521: 518: 514: 509: 507: 503: 498: 495: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 470:Benjamin Rush 467: 462: 460: 454: 451: 447: 443: 438: 436: 432: 427: 425: 421: 416: 414: 410: 403: 399: 395: 391: 386: 379: 377: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 358:Reuben Haines 355: 354:White Matlack 351: 343: 341: 339: 335: 330: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 266: 265: 242: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 212: 208: 206:Resting place 204: 199: 195: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 134: 129: 122: 113: 110: 102: 99:December 2023 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: –  59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 1581:Bicentennial 1503: 1413: 1410:Henry Wisner 1401: 1318:Joseph Hewes 1267:George Wythe 1246:Thomas Stone 1241:William Paca 1236:Samuel Chase 1189:James Wilson 1147:Pennsylvania 1102:Lewis Morris 1028:Rhode Island 1004:Samuel Adams 961:John Hancock 822: 808: 799: 788:. Retrieved 784: 775: 765: 757: 752: 744: 739: 728:. Retrieved 717: 684: 677: 670: 663: 656: 649: 642: 612: 606:Nicolas Cage 599: 587:Valley Forge 583:Philadelphia 576: 568: 548:New Purchase 541: 522: 510: 499: 486: 474:James Wilson 463: 455: 439: 428: 424:Philadelphia 417: 406: 369:Philadelphia 366: 362:John Woolman 347: 334:Pennsylvania 331: 316:Philadelphia 295: 294: 198:Philadelphia 188:(1829-04-14) 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 1639:1829 deaths 1634:1736 births 1418:John Rogers 1210:George Read 1194:George Ross 1179:James Smith 1169:John Morton 1049:Connecticut 944:Signatories 552:West Branch 535:Streets in 523:Along with 217:Nationality 168:Haddonfield 1679:Penmanship 1628:Categories 1571:Centennial 1544:and legacy 1375:Lyman Hall 1111:New Jersey 1009:John Adams 790:2020-12-07 730:2016-07-06 692:References 611:The font, 194:Holmesburg 160:1736-03-28 69:newspapers 1323:John Penn 1133:John Hart 554:with the 1414:Maryland 1402:New York 1260:Virginia 1229:Maryland 1203:Delaware 1080:New York 620:See also 220:American 1542:Display 1494:signing 1429:Related 1363:Georgia 517:Quakers 413:Quakers 322:at the 287:​ 279:​ 275:​ 263:​ 255:​ 251:​ 237:Spouses 83:scholar 476:, and 380:Career 373:Quaker 304:vellum 147:Boston 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  636:Notes 573:Death 281:( 277: 257:( 253: 90:JSTOR 76:books 770:117) 533:Arch 527:and 183:Died 154:Born 62:news 720:LNP 566:. 422:in 400:in 364:. 326:in 314:in 302:on 145:in 45:by 1630:: 1420:, 1416:: 1408:, 1404:: 783:. 722:) 716:. 700:^ 608:). 589:. 539:. 515:, 472:, 426:. 340:. 283:m. 259:m. 196:, 174:, 170:, 1478:" 1474:" 1471:" 1467:" 1464:" 1460:" 880:e 873:t 866:v 830:. 793:. 733:. 718:( 232:" 162:) 158:( 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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Charles Willson Peale
Museum of Fine Arts
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Province of New Jersey
British America
Holmesburg
Philadelphia
Audubon, Pennsylvania
Declaration of Independence
United States Declaration of Independence
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Second Continental Congress
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Rotunda of the Charters of Freedom
National Archives Building
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