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846:-formatted drives. An independent evaluation of this claim found that macOS 11's Time Machine implementation in conjunction with APFS was 2.75-fold faster upon initial local backup and 4-fold faster upon subsequent backups relative to macOS 10.15's Time Machine implementation using HFS+. A more modest yet nevertheless significant advantage was noted as well for backups to network-attached disks.
1003:) into which it copies the directory tree of all locally attached storage drives, except for files and directories that the user has specified to omit, including the Time Machine volume itself. Every hour thereafter, it creates a new subordinate folder and copies only files that have changed since the last backup and creates (in the case of HFS+ volumes)
912:. This acts as an isolation layer, which makes the storage neutral to the actual file system used by the network server, and also permits the replication of the backup from one storage medium to another. Sparse bundles are mounted by macOS like any other device, presenting their content as a HFS+ formatted volume, functionally similar to a local storage.
40:
49:
849:
New local (i.e. USB- or
Thunderbolt-connected) and network-connected Time Machine backup destinations are formatted as APFS by default, though Time Machine can continue backing up to existing HFS+ backup volumes." There is no option to convert existing, HFS+-based backups to APFS; instead, users who
884:
of how that folder or application looked on the given date and time in the past. When toggling through the previous snapshots, the stacked windows extend backwards, giving the impression of flying through a "time tunnel." While paging through these "windows from the past", a previous version of the
1014:
systems. Such an approach permits more frequent backups of minor changes, but can often complicate the interaction with the backup volume. By contrast, it is possible to manually browse a Time
Machine backup volume without using the Time Machine interface; Time Machine presents each backup to the
1026:
Apple system events record when each directory is modified on the hard drive. This means that instead of examining every file's modification date when it is activated, Time
Machine only needs to scan the directories that changed for files to copy. This differs from the approach taken by similar
1018:
Time
Machine on HFS+ volumes creates multiple hard links to unmodified directories. Multiple linking of directories is a peculiar feature for HFS+, and is not supported on modern Unix file systems including Apple's own APFS. As a result, tools like
817:
Time
Machine saves hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for everything older than a month until the volume runs out of space. At that point, Time Machine deletes the oldest weekly backup.
1052:
introduced the ability to use multiple volumes simultaneously for Time
Machine operations. When the user specifies more than one volume to use, macOS rotates among the desired volumes each time it does a backup.
778:
Time
Machine creates incremental backups of files that can be restored at a later date. It allows the user to restore the whole system or specific files. It also works within a number of applications such as
814:
device specifically for Time
Machine backups, allowing both wired and wireless backups to the Time Capsule's internal hard drive. Time Machine may also be used with other external or internal volumes.
794:
devices or servers, depending on the version of Time
Machine. Earlier versions worked with a wide variety of NAS servers, but later versions require the server to support a recent version of Apple's
802:
protocol, and Time
Machine no longer works with servers using earlier versions of SMB. Some of the legacy support can be re-enabled by using hand-tuned configuration options, accessed through the
1083:
Google Chrome is known to use the attribute to exclude its histories. Third-party backup applications that respect this setting include CrashPlan and Arq. Apple wraps the attribute into the
1046:
interface is to restore the contents of a Time Machine backup. In other words, a hard drive can be restored from a Time Machine backup in the event of a catastrophic crash.
991:
systems to serve Time Machine-enabled Macs. There are also a few software tools available on the market that can copy files inside Time Machine backups in Windows machines.
750:. The software is designed to work with both local storage devices and network-attached disks, and is commonly used with external disk drives connected using either
2973:
1412:
908:
Time Machine also works with remote storage media shared from other systems, including Time Capsule, via the network. When using remote storage, Time Machine uses
1068:. Since the attribute is applied to the file or directory directly, moving or copying will not affect the exclusion. The attribute should contain the string
1275:
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1427:
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Time Machine supports two forms of exclusion: one based on a user-configured list of paths (plus a set of system defaults), the other based on the
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to files that already exist on the backup drive. A user can browse the directory hierarchy of these copies as if browsing the primary disk.
790:
For backups to a network drive, Time Machine allows the user to back up Mac computers over the network, and supports backing up to certain
787:, making it possible to restore individual objects (e.g. emails, contacts, text documents, presentations) without leaving the application.
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At least in some circumstances, encryption appears to be required (instead of merely optional) in the new version of Time Machine.
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technology. According to Apple, this enables "faster, more compact, and more reliable backups" than were possible previously with
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or application window from the user's desktop to a backdrop depicting the user's blurred desktop wallpaper. Behind the current
164:
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want to benefit from the advantages of the new, APFS-based implementation of Time Machine need to start with a fresh volume.
762:, which was released in October 2007 and incrementally refined in subsequent releases of macOS. Time Machine was revamped in
1605:
1023:
cannot be used to replicate a Time Machine volume; replication can only reliably be done by imaging the entire filesystem.
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Time Machine places strict requirements on the backup storage medium. The only officially supported configurations are:
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1982:
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A storage drive or partition connected directly to the computer, either internally or by a bus like
770:, thereby enabling "faster, more compact, and more reliable backups" than were possible previously.
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2348:
2308:
2234:
2052:
1793:
1721:
1652:"Feature Request: Honor com_apple_backup_excludeItem on MacOS · Issue #478 · gilbertchen/duplicacy"
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802.11ac model on the same network. (Earlier generations of the AirPort Extreme are not supported.)
489:
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Time Machine creates a folder on the designated Time Machine volume (local or inside a remote
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first introduced in 2016. Specifically, the new version of Time Machine makes use of APFS's
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979:. Although it is not officially supported, users and manufacturers have also configured
943:. If the volume format is not correct, Time Machine will prompt the user to reformat it.
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Time Machine works with locally connected storage disks, which must be formatted in the
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2007:
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447:
395:
345:
1276:"APFS changes affect Time Machine in macOS Big Sur, encrypted drives in iOS 14"
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1159:
27:
Backup software application developed by Apple and distributed as part of macOS
2914:
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2557:
2542:
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2037:
2027:
1634:"macos - On OS X, what files are excluded by rule from a Time Machine backup?"
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67:
62:
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Also see slowfranklin's comment and its replies. To add the guest UAM, add
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39:
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1997:
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2017:
2012:
1032:
980:
400:
1348:"HowTo: Make Ubuntu A Perfect Mac File Server And Time Machine Volume"
1299:"APFS changes in Big Sur: how Time Machine backs up to APFS, and more"
901:
volume formats. Support for backing up to APFS volumes was added with
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Some other backup utilities save deltas for file changes, much like
810:, which was introduced in 2008 and discontinued in 2018, acted as a
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1028:
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984:
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140:
1555:. baligu.com. File System Event Store, Hard Links. Archived from
2104:
1529:"How to Access and Restore Time Machine Backup Files on Windows"
831:
2848:
1710:
1035:, which examine modification dates of all files during backup.
2732:
925:
751:
1701:
brief history of Time Machine and its evolution to using APFS
1066:
com.apple.metadata:com_apple_backup_excludeItem dependencies
949:
A drive shared by an Apple Time Capsule on the same network.
1542:
1540:
1538:
1450:"Using a Raspberry Pi as a Time Capsule for Mountain Lion"
1217:
1215:
1706:
971:
On a Time Capsule, the backup data is stored in an HFS+
880:
are stacked windows, with each window representing a
1199:"Apple - Mac OS X Leopard - Features - Time Machine"
1087:
command-line utility as well as a CoreServices API.
872:. Upon its launch, Time Machine "floats" the active
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1945:
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885:data (or currently deleted data) may be retrieved.
110:
98:
86:
73:
61:
905:and since then APFS is the default volume format.
1691:Apple Support: Back up your Mac with Time Machine
1042:installation process. One of the features in the
1472:"Using Netatalk: AFP Services on a Linux Server"
967:share that advertises a number of capabilities.
1606:"Ten exciting system changes in Mountain Lion"
1580:"Time Machine and APFS: What You Need to Know"
2860:
1722:
1176:"macOS 11.0 Big Sur: The Ars Technica review"
1106:Backup options built into Microsoft Windows:
712:
8:
1696:Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard review on Ars Technica
1321:"Backup disks you can use with Time Machine"
1080:instead sets the exclusion for iOS backups.
946:A folder on another Mac on the same network.
32:
1411:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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2251:
2134:
1942:
1781:
1729:
1715:
1707:
1507:"Ironclad Time Machine backups on FreeBSD"
1370:"NSLU2-Linux - HowTo / TimeMachineBackups"
1250:"Create a backup with Time Machine on Mac"
959:Local network volumes connected using the
719:
705:
131:
38:
31:
1670:"CSBackupSetItemExcluded - Core Services"
1428:"QNAP NAS support for Apple Time Machine"
1604:Caldwell, Serenity (February 21, 2012).
1174:Cunningham, Andrew (November 12, 2022).
1392:"Mac OS X Time Machine and FreeNAS 0.7"
1123:
139:
2974:MacOS-only software made by Apple Inc.
1627:
1625:
1623:
1404:
1346:Matthias Kretschmann (June 19, 2008).
1038:Time Machine is also available in the
53:Time Machine's retrieval interface on
1223:"Time Machine over SMB Specification"
7:
1139:"macOS Big Sur 11.0.1 Release Notes"
865:when retrieving a file uses Apple's
1578:Butts, Jeff (September 25, 2017).
1549:"How Time Machine Works its Magic"
1527:Amar Ilindra (November 21, 2018).
25:
2895:Acronis Cyber Protect Home Office
2943:
2942:
2828:
2827:
1297:Oakley, Howard (June 20, 2020).
47:
2468:Apple Push Notification service
1553:Apple OSX and Time Machine Tips
1547:Pond, James (August 31, 2013).
1486:AFPD_UAMLIST="-U uams_guest.so"
1274:Owen, Malcolm (June 27, 2020).
1248:Tiwari, Saurabh (May 7, 2018).
1229:. Apple Inc. September 13, 2016
826:Time Machine was overhauled in
1674:Apple Developers Documentation
1390:harryd71 (November 23, 2009).
1015:user as a complete disk copy.
952:A drive connected to an Apple
160:Transition to Intel processors
1:
758:. It was first introduced in
1301:. The Eclectic Light Company
203:Rhapsody (Developer Release)
2713:System Integrity Protection
798:or a recent version of the
796:Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
165:Transition to Apple silicon
2995:
800:Server Message Block (SMB)
2979:Backup software for macOS
2938:
2824:denote upcoming products.
2817:
2443:
2254:
1744:
46:
37:
989:network-attached storage
792:network attached storage
2718:Uniform Type Identifier
2415:Remote Install Mac OS X
2279:Bluetooth File Exchange
1102:List of backup software
1063:extended file attribute
822:Revamp in macOS Big Sur
628:Remote Install Mac OS X
543:Bluetooth File Exchange
2603:Grand Central Dispatch
1078:com.apple.MobileBackup
1227:Documentation Archive
977:Apple Filing Protocol
961:Apple Filing Protocol
760:Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
258:Mountain Lion (10.8)
213:Kodiak (Public Beta)
180:List of applications
2785:Classic Environment
2354:Migration Assistant
2309:Digital Color Meter
2191:Former Applications
2053:Notification Center
1044:Migration Assistant
613:Migration Assistant
443:Notification Center
283:High Sierra (10.13)
248:Snow Leopard (10.6)
135:Part of a series on
34:
18:Time Machine (OS X)
2910:Carbon Copy Cloner
2433:Technologies &
2410:ODBC Administrator
2369:System Information
1855:10.8 Mountain Lion
1703:, by Howard Oakley
1448:Bastian Bechtold.
1426:QNAP Systems Inc.
1050:OS X Mountain Lion
638:System Information
633:System Preferences
623:ODBC Administrator
563:DigitalColor Meter
273:El Capitan (10.11)
2956:
2955:
2842:
2841:
2813:
2812:
2458:Apple File System
2428:
2427:
2314:Directory Utility
2243:
2242:
2186:
2185:
2168:Interface Builder
1946:Core Applications
1934:
1933:
1891:10.13 High Sierra
1834:10.6 Snow Leopard
1505:Bas van de Wiel.
1027:backup utilities
975:and accessed via
932:and formatted as
834:, Apple's modern
729:
728:
568:Directory Utility
486:
414:
208:Hera (Server 1.0)
130:
129:
16:(Redirected from
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2946:
2945:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2846:
2831:
2830:
2723:Universal binary
2441:
2379:Universal Access
2319:DiskImageMounter
2274:Audio MIDI Setup
2259:Activity Monitor
2252:
2135:
2078:Quicktime Player
1943:
1870:10.11 El Capitan
1782:
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1584:The Mac Observer
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1564:
1559:on June 21, 2019
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1076:format. Writing
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1070:com.apple.backup
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903:macOS 11 Big Sur
828:macOS 11 Big Sur
764:macOS 11 Big Sur
744:operating system
721:
714:
707:
648:Universal Access
573:DiskImageMounter
538:Audio MIDI Setup
523:Activity Monitor
480:
408:
293:Catalina (10.15)
268:Yosemite (10.10)
263:Mavericks (10.9)
132:
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75:Operating system
51:
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2876:Backup software
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2843:
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2758:
2742:
2698:Speakable items
2668:Preference Pane
2648:Mission Control
2538:Core Foundation
2434:
2424:
2420:Software Update
2405:Network Utility
2388:
2364:System Settings
2349:Keychain Access
2269:Archive Utility
2264:AirPort Utility
2239:
2182:
2178:Quartz Composer
2156:
2130:Developer Tools
2124:
2093:version history
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1278:. Apple Insider
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1097:MobileMe Backup
1093:
1059:
1012:version control
997:
954:AirPort Extreme
918:
891:
861:Time Machine's
859:
824:
812:network storage
776:
725:
696:
695:
666:
658:
657:
618:Network Utility
608:Keychain Access
533:Archive Utility
528:AirPort Utility
518:
510:
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483:version history
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93:Backup software
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857:User interface
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742:, the desktop
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243:Leopard (10.5)
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233:Panther (10.3)
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1759:Built-in apps
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1375:September 11,
1371:
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1353:September 11,
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1325:Apple Support
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1074:property list
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878:active window
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746:developed by
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738:mechanism of
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598:Image Capture
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316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:Monterey (12)
301:
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281:
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259:
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246:
244:
241:
239:
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231:
229:
228:Jaguar (10.2)
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
194:
193:
186:
185:List of games
183:
181:
178:
176:
175:Built-in apps
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
146:
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78:
76:
72:
69:
66:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2930:Time Machine
2929:
2880:disk cloning
2821:
2763:Discontinued
2618:Kernel panic
2488:AVFoundation
2393:Discontinued
2324:Disk Utility
2294:Configurator
2161:Former tools
2120:Time Machine
2119:
1939:Applications
1896:10.14 Mojave
1886:10.12 Sierra
1829:10.5 Leopard
1819:10.3 Panther
1804:10.0 Cheetah
1754:Architecture
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1610:. Retrieved
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:the original
1552:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1500:
1476:. Retrieved
1474:. AFP548.com
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1443:
1433:November 30,
1431:. Retrieved
1421:
1395:. Retrieved
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1341:
1331:November 30,
1329:. Retrieved
1324:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1269:
1259:February 16,
1257:. Retrieved
1253:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1226:
1204:December 21,
1202:. Retrieved
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1148:December 13,
1146:. Retrieved
1142:
1112:File History
1082:
1060:
1048:
1037:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:sparse image
998:
987:servers and
970:
919:
916:Requirements
907:
892:
860:
852:
848:
825:
816:
808:Time Capsule
789:
777:
732:Time Machine
731:
730:
578:Disk Utility
505:Time Machine
504:
330:Applications
318:Sequoia (15)
308:Ventura (13)
298:Big Sur (11)
238:Tiger (10.4)
170:Architecture
63:Developer(s)
33:Time Machine
29:
2653:Night Shift
2548:Core OpenGL
2518:Command key
2483:Audio Units
2473:AppleScript
2334:Help Viewer
2147:Instruments
2063:Photo Booth
2008:Game Center
1911:12 Monterey
1814:10.2 Jaguar
1799:Public Beta
1608:. Mac-world
1491:section in
1478:November 1,
1397:January 17,
1327:. Apple Inc
930:Thunderbolt
836:file system
830:to utilize
766:to support
756:Thunderbolt
593:Help Viewer
448:Photo Booth
396:Game Center
313:Sonoma (14)
253:Lion (10.7)
223:Puma (10.1)
105:Proprietary
2963:Categories
2915:Clonezilla
2905:BorgBackup
2747:Deprecated
2683:Quick Look
2663:Option key
2638:Menu extra
2598:Gatekeeper
2593:Foundation
2568:Cover Flow
2558:Core Video
2543:Core Image
2528:Core Audio
2463:Apple menu
1993:DVD Player
1988:Dictionary
1963:Calculator
1926:15 Sequoia
1916:13 Ventura
1906:11 Big Sur
1824:10.4 Tiger
1794:Server 1.0
1455:August 23,
1254:Techi Bhai
1118:References
1005:hard links
973:disk image
963:or via an
806:. Apple's
381:DVD Player
376:Dictionary
351:Calculator
80:macOS 10.5
68:Apple Inc.
2900:Backblaze
2795:QuickTime
2703:Spotlight
2583:FileVault
2553:Core Text
2533:Core Data
2513:ColorSync
2384:VoiceOver
2344:Installer
2329:Font Book
2289:ColorSync
2284:Boot Camp
2248:Utilities
2203:Front Row
2198:Dashboard
2152:FileMerge
2100:Shortcuts
2083:Reminders
2023:Launchpad
1958:Automator
1953:App Store
1921:14 Sonoma
1850:10.7 Lion
1809:10.1 Puma
1612:April 29,
1589:April 23,
1512:March 18,
1305:August 6,
1282:August 6,
1233:April 24,
1057:Exclusion
995:Operation
938:journaled
653:VoiceOver
603:Installer
583:Font Book
548:ColorSync
517:Utilities
473:Reminders
468:QuickTime
418:Launchpad
371:Dashboard
341:Automator
336:App Store
124:/HT201250
2948:Category
2882:software
2834:Category
2623:Keychain
2503:CloudKit
2374:Terminal
2235:Sherlock
2173:Dashcode
2115:TextEdit
2110:Stickies
2058:Podcasts
2033:Messages
1998:FaceTime
1978:Contacts
1968:Calendar
1786:Mac OS X
1778:Versions
1769:Software
1493:afp.conf
1407:cite web
1368:MKurtz.
1182:March 6,
1091:See also
882:snapshot
840:snapshot
804:Terminal
774:Overview
686:Rhapsody
681:NeXTSTEP
643:Terminal
500:TextEdit
495:Stickies
490:Sherlock
453:Podcasts
428:Messages
386:FaceTime
366:Contacts
356:Calendar
197:Versions
149:Features
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55:macOS 11
2822:Italics
2790:Inkwell
2738:XQuartz
2688:Rosetta
2628:launchd
2493:Bonjour
2448:AirDrop
2299:Console
2228:history
2073:Preview
2013:Grapher
1749:History
1563:May 19,
1488:to the
1197:Apple.
1072:in any
1033:FlyBack
981:FreeBSD
889:Storage
734:is the
676:Copland
665:Related
553:Console
481: (
463:Preview
411:history
409: (
401:Grapher
155:History
116:support
111:Website
100:License
2920:Code42
2888:Active
2832:
2800:Spaces
2780:Carbon
2728:WebKit
2708:Stacks
2678:Quartz
2658:OpenCL
2633:Mach-O
2613:iCloud
2573:Darwin
2498:Bundle
2453:AppKit
2223:iTunes
2213:iPhoto
2088:Safari
2068:Photos
2003:Finder
1764:Server
1656:GitHub
1085:tmutil
874:Finder
736:backup
691:Darwin
478:Safari
458:Photos
406:iTunes
391:Finder
122:/en-us
118:.apple
2805:Xgrid
2770:BootX
2643:Metal
2588:Fonts
2508:Cocoa
2218:iSync
2208:iChat
2139:Xcode
2048:Notes
2043:Music
1973:Chess
1879:macOS
1738:macOS
1143:Apple
1040:macOS
1029:rsync
1021:rsync
985:Linux
785:iWork
748:Apple
740:macOS
438:Notes
433:Music
361:Chess
346:Books
141:macOS
2878:and
2754:HFS+
2608:icns
2578:Dock
2563:CUPS
2478:Aqua
2400:Grab
2105:Siri
2038:News
2028:Mail
2018:Home
1843:OS X
1614:2012
1591:2019
1565:2019
1514:2016
1480:2013
1457:2012
1435:2020
1413:link
1399:2010
1377:2009
1355:2009
1333:2020
1307:2020
1284:2020
1261:2022
1235:2019
1206:2007
1184:2021
1150:2020
1031:and
983:and
965:SMB3
941:HFS+
934:APFS
899:HFS+
895:APFS
844:HFS+
832:APFS
783:and
781:Mail
768:APFS
588:Grab
423:Mail
120:.com
88:Type
2733:XNU
936:or
928:or
926:USB
897:or
870:API
754:or
752:USB
2965::
2925:dd
1672:.
1654:.
1636:.
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1551:.
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1409:}}
1405:{{
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