912:
1329:, p. 507). "Hägerstrand wanted to stress the importance of the material aspects of the real world as the basis of life, with an imperative for researchers to take basic constraints into consideration: that natural resources, time, and space are limited... Nevertheless, Torsten Hägerstrand was not a hardcore materialist. His materialism is embedded in a deep concern for the importance of human experiences, reflections, and reasoning for the development of geographical knowledge." (
987:, and "not the other way around. The notation system is a very useful tool, but it is a rather poor reflection of a rich world-view. In many cases, the notational apparatus has been the hallmark of time geography. However, the underlying ontology is the most important feature." Time geography is not only about time-geographic diagrams, just as music is not only about musical notation. Hägerstrand later explained: "What is briefly alluded to here is a
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880:" within a situational context; "life paths become captured within a net of constraints, some of which are imposed by physiological and physical necessities and some imposed by private and common decisions". "It would be impossible to offer a comprehensive taxonomy of constraints seen as time-space phenomena", Hägerstrand said, but he "tentatively described" three important classes of constraints:
36:
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constraints; it is a flexible and evolving way of thinking about reality that can complement a wide variety of theories and research methods. In the decades since then, Hägerstrand and others have made efforts to expand his original set of concepts. By the end of his life, Hägerstrand had ceased using the phrase "time geography" to refer to this way of thinking and instead used words like
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were already defending time geography against those who would see it "merely as a rigid descriptive model of spatial and temporal organization which lends itself to accessibility constraint analysis (and related exercises in social engineering)." They argued that time geography is not just a model of
1038:
noted that "time-geography shares the feminist interest in the quotidian paths traced by people, and again like feminism, links such paths, by thinking about constraints, to the larger structures of society." However, she noted that time geography had not been applied to issues important to
855:
patterns in Sweden. He sought "some way of finding out the workings of large socio-environmental mechanisms" using "a physical approach involving the study of how events occur in a time-space framework". Hägerstrand was inspired in part by conceptual advances in
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Saeedimoghaddam, Mahmoud; Keyanpour-Rad, Mansoor; Shafizadeh-Moghadam, Hossein; Valavi, Roozbeh; Mirbagheri, Babak; Shakiba, Alireza; Matkan, Aliakbar (July 2017). "A probabilistic space-time prism to explore changes in white Stork habitat use in Iran".
1102:, time geography approaches were applied to identify close contacts. The pandemic imposed restrictions on the physical mobility of humans, which invited new applications of time geography in the increasingly virtualized post-Covid era.
4069:
Rainham, Daniel; McDowell, Ian; Krewski, Daniel; Sawada, Mike (March 2010). "Conceptualizing the healthscape: contributions of time geography, location technologies and spatial ecology to place and health research".
2997:
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Sunnqvist, Charlotta; Persson, Ulla; Westrin, Åsa; Träskman-Bendz, Lil; Lenntorp, Bo (April 2013). "Grasping the dynamics of suicidal behaviour: combining time-geographic life charting and COPE ratings".
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of forms. This cannot be completely graphically depicted. On the other hand one ought to be able to imagine it with sufficient clarity for it to be of guidance in empirical and theoretical research."
897:— limitations that "define where, when, and for how long, the individual has to join other individuals, tools, and materials in order to produce, consume, and transact" (closely related to
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Chowdhury, Debashish; Schadschneider, Andreas; Nishinari, Katsuhiro (December 2005). "Physics of transport and traffic phenomena in biology: from molecular motors and cells to organisms".
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of paths, which are the conjunction of individual paths due in part to their capability constraints and coupling constraints, and which help to create "pockets of local order";
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Raubal, Martin; Winter, Stephan; Teβmann, Sven; Gaisbauer, Christian (October 2007). "Time geography for ad-hoc shared-ride trip planning in mobile geosensor networks".
3634:
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Scholten, Christina; Friberg, Tora; Sandén, Annika (December 2012). "Re-reading time-geography from a gender perspective: examples from gendered mobility".
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969:, which indicate certain capability constraints of a given individual, such as limited spatial size and limited manual, oral-auditive and visual range; and
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DiSalle, Robert (2011). "Pitholes in space-time: structure and ontology of physical geometry". In DeVidi, David; Hallett, Michael; Clarke, Peter (eds.).
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Since the 1980s, time geography has been used by researchers in the social sciences, the biological sciences, and in interdisciplinary fields.
907:— limitations on the domain or "time-space entity within which things and events are under the control of a given individual or a given group".
2924:
Tani, Sirpa; Surma-Aho, Outi (2012). "Young people and the hidden meanings of the everyday: time-space path as a methodological opportunity".
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is an essential feature of time geography, Hägerstrand's colleague Bo
Lenntorp emphasized that it is the product of an underlying
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Neutens, Tijs; Weghe, Nico; Witlox, Frank; Maeyer, Philippe (March 2008). "A three-dimensional network-based space–time prism".
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Sociometabolic regimes in indigenous communities and the crucial role of working time: a comparison of case studies
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3627:"Beyond space (as we knew it): toward temporally integrated geographies of segregation, health, and accessibility"
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diagram of a space-time prism, and on the left is a map of the potential path area for two different time budgets.
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3040:"The space–time aquarium is full of albatrosses: time geography, lifestyle and trans-species geovisual analytics"
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created time geography in the mid-1960s based on ideas he had developed during his earlier empirical research on
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2063:"Torsten Hägerstrand's time-geography as the cradle of the activity approach in transport geography"
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Hägerstrand illustrated these concepts with novel forms of graphical notation (inspired in part by
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are basic dimensions of analysis of dynamic processes. Time geography was originally developed by
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feminists, and she called it a form of "social science masculinity". Over the following decades,
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have revisited time geography and have begun to use it as a tool to address feminist issues.
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of individuals. Time geography "is not a subject area per se", but rather an integrative
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2998:
International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1967:
Downs, Joni A; Horner, Mark W; Tucker, Anton D (September 2011).
1683:"Using network segments in the visualization of urban isochrones"
1123:
Geographic information system § Adding the dimension of time
5429:
5415:
772:
5388:
4653:
4341:
4328:
3123:
Geographies of media and communication: a critical introduction
1643:
1639:
3828:
Merriman, Peter (2012). "Human geography without time-space".
3160:
Systems approaches and their application: examples from Sweden
3038:
Zhao, Jinfeng; Forer, Pip; Walker, Mike; Dennis, Todd (2013).
1303:. While these ideas are important sources for time-geographic
887:— limitations on the activity of individuals because of their
1437:
For a more extensive list of Hägerstrand's publications, see
3468:
Time, space, and society: geographical societal perspectives
3381:. Routledge studies in human geography. Abingdon; New York:
3329:. Routledge studies in human geography. Abingdon; New York:
3199:"A spatio-temporal network representation for manufacturing"
2681:
Feminism and geography: the limits of geographical knowledge
1969:"Time-geographic density estimation for home range analysis"
34:
3675:
Information, place, and cyberspace: issues in accessibility
3323:
Thinking time geography: concepts, methods and applications
3155:"Multi-agent systems, time geography, and microsimulations"
1505:
4297:
Yuan, May; Nara, Atsushi; Bothwell, James (January 2014).
4159:
Richards, Keith; Bithell, Michael; Bravo, Michael (2004).
3581:
Geographic visualization: concepts, tools and applications
3579:. In Dodge, Martin; McDerby, Mary; Turner, Martin (eds.).
3162:. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp.
2301:
Kuklinski, Antoni (1987). "Torsten Hägerstrand laudatio".
2241:
Spatial complexity, informatics, and wildlife conservation
3767:
International
Journal of Geographical Information Science
1770:. In Borgo, Rita; Maciejewski, Ross; Viola, Ivan (eds.).
1601:
2850:"Time geography: a model for psychiatric life charting?"
1895:
By northern lights: on the making of geography in Sweden
1307:, time geography should not be portrayed as exclusively
803:, but today it is applied in multiple fields related to
5384:
2202:; Carlstein, Tommy (December 2004). "The two vistas".
1605:
1325:
as major influences, along with numerous geographers (
2739:(2009). "'Doing' critical geographies with numbers".
2276:"What about time-geography in the post-Covid-19 era?"
1727:. Heidelberg; Dordrecht; New York; London: Springer.
1665:
1589:
1537:
3831:
Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
3808:
Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
1453:
1413:
874:
features: "In time-space the individual describes a
6268:
6221:
6153:
6093:
6083:
6005:
5932:
5852:
5793:
5677:
5595:
5505:
5467:
5453:
5422:
5283:
5252:
5215:
5093:
5084:
5042:
4994:
4855:
4730:
4723:
4518:
4376:
2993:"Measuring of the COVID-19 based on time-geography"
1723:; Bak, Peter; Keim, Daniel; Wrobel, Stefan (2013).
4167:Unifying geography: common heritage, shared future
4103:ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
3978:
3375:Time geography in the global context: an anthology
2678:
2163:
2130:(1970). "What about people in regional science?".
1921:
1087:Benjamin Bach and colleagues have generalized the
3635:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
3158:. In Olsson, Mats-Olov; Sjöstedt, Gunnar (eds.).
3093:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
2801:(Technical report). Institute of Social Ecology,
2715:Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie
2239:Huettmann, Falk; Cushman, Samuel A, eds. (2009).
2103:(Technical report). Institute of Social Ecology,
1857:"Visual exploration of large animal trajectories"
1529:
4165:. In Matthews, John A; Herbert, David T (eds.).
3677:. Berlin; New York: Springer. pp. 241–256.
2960:(June 1981). "Time-geography: a new beginning".
2897:Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
2857:Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
1654:
1533:
1477:
3673:. In Janelle, Donald G; Hodge, David C (eds.).
3525:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1620:
1076:Time geography has also been used as a form of
3518:Kenett, Dror Y; Portugali, Juval (July 2012).
3434:. Critical geographies, 13. London; New York:
2352:Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
2204:Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
1449:
1374:
1330:
1023:using transit network data: On the right is a
5400:
5260:Geographic data and information organizations
4665:
4353:
1772:Eurographics Conference on Visualization 2014
1525:
1509:
737:
8:
1585:
1501:
1481:
1370:
16:Perspective on spatial and temporal proesses
4261:Concepts and techniques in modern geography
3042:. In Moore, Antoni B; Drecki, Igor (eds.).
1385:
1354:
1342:
1300:
1272:
1259:
6090:
5464:
5407:
5393:
5385:
5090:
4727:
4672:
4658:
4650:
4360:
4346:
4338:
4325:
3520:"Population movement under extreme events"
3475:library. Vol. 11. Dordrecht; Boston:
2132:Papers of the Regional Science Association
2061:Ellegård, Kajsa; Svedin, Uno (July 2012).
1521:
1425:
1196:
967:concentric tubes or rings of accessibility
744:
730:
592:
470:
18:
5311:National Council for Geographic Education
4314:
4299:"Space–time representation and analytics"
3878:
3787:
3555:
3545:
3251:
3020:
3010:
2876:
2291:
2033:Ellegård, Kajsa; Palm, Jenny (May 2011).
1984:
1855:Brasebin, Mickaël; Buard, Elodie (2011).
1497:
1389:
1366:
1326:
1276:
1200:
4263:. Vol. 13. Norwich: Geo Abstracts,
4015:Time in ecology: a theoretical framework
1581:
1401:
1247:
1235:
1212:
1138:Historical geographic information system
3430:. In May, Jon; Thrift, Nigel J (eds.).
2165:"In search for the sources of concepts"
1189:
839:considerations in her or his own way."
783:, social and environmental change, and
595:
473:
26:
2172:. London; New York: Longman. pp.
1868:International Cartographic Association
1493:
1065:has been developed to facilitate time-
3432:TimeSpace: geographies of temporality
1928:. London; Boston: Allen & Unwin.
1609:
1465:
7:
6341:
5355:
4632:
3583:. Chichester, England; Hoboken, NJ:
1577:
1564:
1552:
1489:
1279:, Hägerstrand cites the writings of
5367:
4206:Association for Computing Machinery
3729:Liebscher, Dierck-Ekkehard (2005).
3152:Boman, Magnus; Holm, Einar (2004).
1666:Klapka, Ellegård & Frantál 2020
1590:Scholten, Friberg & Sandén 2012
1224:
3106:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01794.x
1893:Buttimer, Anne; Mels, Tom (2006).
1832:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2000.tb00331.x
891:and/or the tools they can command,
14:
4253:An introduction to time-geography
3981:Representations of space and time
3201:. In Chakrabarti, Amaresh (ed.).
6340:
6331:
6330:
5366:
5354:
5342:
5331:
5330:
5306:International Geography Olympiad
4631:
4619:
4608:
4607:
4509:
4368:Sub-fields of and approaches to
3844:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00455.x
3821:10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00261.x
2909:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01928.x
2869:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01071.x
2728:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2012.00717.x
2413:10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00588.x
2364:10.1111/j.0435-3684.2004.00167.x
2216:10.1111/j.0435-3684.2004.00170.x
1454:Hägerstrand & Carlstein 2004
1414:Hägerstrand & Carlstein 2004
1173:Tobler's second law of geography
4123:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2007.03.005
4086:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.035
3970:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.04.019
3920:Journal of Geographical Systems
2643:. Dordrecht; London: Springer.
1530:Downs, Horner & Tucker 2011
1168:Tobler's first law of geography
5019:Geographic information science
2841:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.020
2828:Journal of Transport Geography
2632:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.019
2619:Journal of Transport Geography
2084:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.023
2071:Journal of Transport Geography
2054:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.11.019
1091:into a framework for temporal
950:of space and time coordinates;
395:Geographic information science
1:
5125:Geographic information system
4073:Social Science & Medicine
3372:Ellegård, Kajsa, ed. (2019).
3121:Adams, Paul Channing (2009).
2785:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.03.019
2687:University of Minnesota Press
2280:Moravian Geographical Reports
2243:. Tokyo; New York: Springer.
1681:Allen, Jeff (February 2019).
973:nested hierarchies of domains
939:), which displays individual
775:processes and events such as
506:Geographic information system
5052:Environmental social science
4316:10.1080/19475683.2013.862301
3902:10.1080/01441647.2010.484153
3871:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.05.006
3780:10.1080/13658816.2012.682578
3648:10.1080/00045608.2013.792177
3295:10.1007/978-94-007-0214-1_17
3211:10.1007/978-81-322-2229-3_39
3056:10.1007/978-3-642-12289-7_11
2938:10.1080/10382046.2012.698077
2589:Journal of Adult Development
1986:10.1080/19475683.2011.602023
1725:Visual analytics of movement
1534:Huettmann & Cushman 2009
1486:Fischer-Kowalski et al. 2010
1478:Ellegård & de Pater 1999
1295:philosopher and sociologist
1034:In 1993, British geographer
433:Environmental social science
6145:Geological history of Earth
4563:Non-representational theory
3270:10.1016/j.plrev.2005.09.001
2963:Progress in Human Geography
2742:The Professional Geographer
2441:The Professional Geographer
2400:The Professional Geographer
2168:. In Buttimer, Anne (ed.).
1704:10.3138/cart.53.4.2018-0013
1621:Lewchanin & Zubrod 2001
1542:Saeedimoghaddam et al. 2017
1019:Schematic and example of a
661:Non-representational theory
6404:
5497:Orders of magnitude (time)
4020:Princeton University Press
3597:10.1002/9780470987643.ch15
3477:Kluwer Academic Publishers
3465:Kellerman, Aharon (1989).
2976:10.1177/030913258100500209
2521:Environment and Planning A
1450:Ellegård & Svedin 2012
1375:Ellegård & Svedin 2012
1331:Ellegård & Svedin 2012
6326:
6208:Time translation symmetry
5326:
5167:Global Positioning System
4690:
4603:
4507:
4335:
4330:Links to related articles
4265:University of East Anglia
4144:10.1007/s11229-007-9221-6
3977:Peuquet, Donna J (2002).
3941:10.1007/s10109-007-0057-x
3573:Kraak, Menno-Jan (2008).
3485:10.1007/978-94-009-2287-7
2755:10.1080/00330120903103072
2649:10.1007/978-90-481-3487-8
2479:10.1007/978-94-017-9205-9
2454:10.1080/00330120802211752
2431:; Ding, Guoxiang (2008).
2249:10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4
2170:The practice of geography
1920:Carlstein, Tommy (1982).
1733:10.1007/978-3-642-37583-5
1526:Brasebin & Buard 2011
1510:Tani & Surma-Aho 2012
1311:. Hägerstrand also cited
863:and by the philosophy of
548:Global Positioning System
101:Environmental determinism
6378:Visualization (graphics)
3714:10.1179/000870408X311387
3702:The Cartographic Journal
3427:"Time-geography matters"
3320:Ellegård, Kajsa (2019).
3044:Geospatial visualisation
2639:Ringhofer, Lisa (2009).
2092:Fischer-Kowalski, Marina
1586:McQuoid & Dijst 2012
1502:Schwanen & Kwan 2009
1482:Ellegård & Palm 2011
1371:Buttimer & Mels 2006
1067:geographic visualization
6163:Absolute space and time
5814:Astronomical chronology
5275:National mapping agency
5240:Survey (human research)
5182:Participant observation
4214:10.1145/1507136.1507147
3733:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
3547:10.1073/pnas.1209306109
3239:Physics of Life Reviews
3172:10.1007/1-4020-2370-7_4
3012:10.3390/ijerph181910313
2813:. WP120. Archived from
2601:10.1023/A:1009598425503
2564:10.1023/A:1007067322523
2115:. WP121. Archived from
2010:10.1023/A:1007059105684
1789:Computer Graphics Forum
1158:Spatiotemporal database
847:The Swedish geographer
621:Survey (human research)
563:Participant observation
111:Quantitative revolution
6213:Time reversal symmetry
5517:Italian six-hour clock
5265:Geographical societies
5062:Landscape architecture
2512:Latham, Allan (2003).
2473:. New York: Springer.
1522:Baer & Butler 2000
1426:Thrift & Pred 1981
1197:Thrift & Pred 1981
1143:Material flow analysis
1078:therapeutic assessment
1028:
979:While this innovative
920:
899:critical path analysis
885:capability constraints
781:ecological interaction
634:Theoretical Approaches
443:Landscape architecture
91:History of cartography
39:
5978:Time and fate deities
5923:The Unreality of Time
5862:A series and B series
5057:Environmental studies
5029:Statistical geography
4910:Environmental science
4028:10.1515/9780691185491
4012:Post, Eric S (2019).
3739:10.1002/9783527618712
3424:Gren, Martin (2001).
3391:10.4324/9780203701393
3339:10.4324/9780203701386
2803:Klagenfurt University
2773:Ecological Indicators
2293:10.2478/mgr-2020-0017
2105:Klagenfurt University
1934:10.4324/9780429329036
1629:Sunnqvist et al. 2013
1625:Sunnqvist et al. 2007
1602:Andrienko et al. 2013
1163:Time–distance diagram
1128:GIS and public health
1018:
994:By 1981, geographers
914:
905:authority constraints
829:environmental science
438:Environmental studies
405:Statistical geography
38:
6373:Historical geography
6229:Chronological dating
6198:Theory of relativity
5542:Daylight saving time
5270:Geoscience societies
5235:Interview (research)
5207:Land change modeling
5108:Computer cartography
5086:Techniques and tools
4944:Earth system science
4169:. London; New York:
3958:Ecological Modelling
3731:The geometry of time
2200:Hägerstrand, Torsten
2160:Hägerstrand, Torsten
2128:Hägerstrand, Torsten
1719:Andrienko, Gennady;
1582:Kwan & Ding 2008
1118:Agent based modeling
1041:feminist geographers
948:graphical projection
895:coupling constraints
889:biological structure
761:time-space geography
616:Interview (research)
588:Land change modeling
489:Computer cartography
423:Integrated geography
96:Historical geography
64:History of geography
6388:Technical geography
5522:Thai six-hour clock
5316:Spatial citizenship
5301:Geographers on Film
5291:Geography education
4901:Atmospheric science
4590:Sexuality and space
4115:2007JPRS...62..366R
3933:2008JGS....10...89N
3538:2012PNAS..10911472K
3532:(29): 11472–11473.
3262:2005PhLRv...2..318C
1819:Geographical Review
1774:. EuroVis. Geneva:
1439:Torsten Hägerstrand
989:4-dimensional world
933:space-time aquarium
849:Torsten Hägerstrand
370:Technical geography
22:Part of a series on
6052:Rosy retrospection
6030:Mental chronometry
5854:Philosophy of time
5197:Statistical survey
5147:Geologic modelling
4986:Quaternary science
4573:Post-structuralism
2317:10.1007/BF02602724
2144:10.1007/BF01936872
1721:Andrienko, Natalia
1388:, pp. 12–17;
1289:general relativity
1133:Historical ecology
1093:data visualization
1029:
1011:Later developments
921:
777:social interaction
688:Post-structuralism
578:Statistical survey
528:Geologic modelling
357:Quaternary science
259:Physical geography
116:Critical geography
106:Regional geography
40:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6353:
6264:
6263:
6239:Circadian rhythms
6057:Tense–aspect–mood
5912:Temporal finitism
5789:
5788:
5765:Grandfather clock
5382:
5381:
5248:
5247:
5080:
5079:
5067:Landscape ecology
4887:Coastal geography
4647:
4646:
4585:Scientific method
3964:(16): 2945–2972.
3890:Transport Reviews
3858:Applied Geography
2527:(11): 1993–2017.
2343:(December 2004).
1801:10.1111/cgf.12804
1506:Singh et al. 2010
1291:as inspirations.
1100:COVID-19 pandemic
821:time-use research
809:regional planning
801:human geographers
765:transdisciplinary
754:
753:
602:
601:
480:
479:
448:Landscape ecology
342:Landscape ecology
304:Coastal geography
6395:
6344:
6343:
6334:
6333:
6251:Glottochronology
6091:
6007:Human experience
5867:B-theory of time
5465:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5386:
5370:
5369:
5358:
5357:
5346:
5334:
5333:
5162:Geovisualization
5091:
5034:Spatial analysis
4919:Paleoclimatology
4728:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4651:
4635:
4634:
4623:
4611:
4610:
4513:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4339:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4293:
4291:
4285:. Archived from
4258:
4243:
4208:. pp. 1–4.
4196:
4164:
4155:
4126:
4097:
4065:
4008:
3984:
3973:
3952:
3913:
3884:
3882:
3847:
3824:
3801:
3791:
3760:
3725:
3696:
3672:
3659:
3642:(5): 1078–1086.
3631:
3618:
3578:
3569:
3559:
3549:
3514:
3461:
3429:
3420:
3380:
3368:
3328:
3316:
3281:
3255:
3232:
3193:
3157:
3148:
3117:
3077:
3034:
3024:
3014:
2987:
2949:
2920:
2890:
2880:
2854:
2844:
2821:
2819:
2800:
2788:
2766:
2731:
2708:
2684:
2670:
2635:
2612:
2583:
2544:
2518:
2508:
2465:
2437:
2424:
2396:
2383:
2349:
2336:
2297:
2295:
2270:
2235:
2195:
2167:
2155:
2123:
2121:
2102:
2087:
2067:
2057:
2048:(5): 1920–1926.
2039:
2029:
1990:
1988:
1963:
1927:
1916:
1889:
1861:
1851:
1812:
1779:
1762:
1715:
1687:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:Bach et al. 2016
1640:Bach et al. 2014
1637:
1631:
1618:
1612:
1606:Kwan et al. 2014
1598:
1592:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:Zhao et al. 2013
1518:
1512:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1392:, pp. 40–50
1386:Hägerstrand 1970
1383:
1377:
1364:
1358:
1357:, pp. 11–17
1355:Hägerstrand 1970
1352:
1346:
1345:, pp. 10–11
1343:Hägerstrand 1970
1340:
1334:
1316:Martin Heidegger
1301:Hägerstrand 1970
1285:Arthur Eddington
1273:Hägerstrand 1983
1269:
1263:
1262:, pp. 20–21
1260:Hägerstrand 1970
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1194:
1071:visual analytics
1021:space-time prism
955:space-time prism
925:musical notation
915:Examples of the
746:
739:
732:
593:
543:Geovisualization
471:
410:Spatial analysis
295:Paleoclimatology
86:Age of Discovery
19:
6403:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6322:
6313:Time immemorial
6260:
6217:
6178:Coordinate time
6149:
6103:Geological time
6079:
6062:Time management
6025:Generation time
6009:
6001:
5946:
5928:
5848:
5807:
5785:
5673:
5591:
5508:
5501:
5457:
5449:
5418:
5413:
5383:
5378:
5322:
5279:
5244:
5211:
5130:Distributed GIS
5076:
5038:
4990:
4923:Palaeogeography
4851:
4719:
4686:
4678:
4648:
4643:
4599:
4514:
4505:
4372:
4370:human geography
4366:
4331:
4323:
4296:
4289:
4275:
4256:
4246:
4224:
4199:
4185:
4158:
4129:
4100:
4068:
4038:
4011:
3997:
3976:
3955:
3916:
3887:
3880:1854/LU-2034089
3850:
3827:
3804:
3763:
3749:
3728:
3699:
3685:
3670:
3662:
3629:
3621:
3607:
3572:
3517:
3495:
3464:
3450:
3423:
3401:
3378:
3371:
3349:
3326:
3319:
3305:
3284:
3253:physics/0509025
3235:
3221:
3196:
3182:
3151:
3137:
3127:Wiley-Blackwell
3120:
3089:
3085:
3083:Further reading
3080:
3066:
3037:
2990:
2952:
2923:
2893:
2852:
2847:
2824:
2817:
2798:
2791:
2769:
2735:Schwanen, Tim;
2734:
2711:
2697:
2685:. Minneapolis:
2673:
2659:
2638:
2615:
2586:
2547:
2516:
2511:
2489:
2468:
2435:
2427:
2394:
2386:
2347:
2339:
2300:
2273:
2259:
2238:
2198:
2184:
2158:
2126:
2119:
2100:
2090:
2065:
2060:
2037:
2032:
1993:
1966:
1944:
1919:
1905:
1892:
1878:
1859:
1854:
1815:
1782:
1765:
1743:
1718:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1655:Yin et al. 2021
1653:
1649:
1638:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1599:
1595:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1519:
1515:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1384:
1380:
1373:, p. 119;
1369:, p. 507;
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1320:conservationist
1313:phenomenologist
1281:Albert Einstein
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:, p. 277;
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1108:
1089:space-time cube
1013:
981:visual language
937:space-time cube
917:visual language
853:human migration
845:
793:visual language
767:perspective on
763:is an evolving
750:
700:
699:
636:
626:
625:
511:Distributed GIS
468:
458:
457:
425:
415:
414:
372:
362:
361:
299:Palaeogeography
261:
251:
250:
131:
129:Human geography
121:
120:
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6401:
6399:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6383:Space and time
6380:
6375:
6365:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6338:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6256:Time geography
6253:
6248:
6246:Clock reaction
6243:
6242:
6241:
6231:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
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6170:
6165:
6159:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6099:
6097:
6088:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6045:time signature
6042:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6016:
6014:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5919:
5917:Temporal parts
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5887:Eternal return
5884:
5879:
5874:
5872:Chronocentrism
5869:
5864:
5858:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5683:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5664:
5659:
5657:Hindu Panchang
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
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5539:
5534:
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5524:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5471:
5462:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5389:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5364:
5352:
5340:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5192:Remote sensing
5189:
5187:Photogrammetry
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Geomathematics
5149:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5099:
5097:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5072:Time geography
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5014:Geoinformatics
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4969:
4960:
4955:
4946:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4930:
4925:
4912:
4907:
4893:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4875:Phytogeography
4872:
4861:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4654:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4629:
4617:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4578:Deconstruction
4575:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Culture theory
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4322:
4321:
4294:
4292:on 2013-10-13.
4273:
4244:
4222:
4197:
4184:978-0415305433
4183:
4156:
4138:(2): 161–184.
4127:
4109:(5): 366–381.
4098:
4080:(5): 668–676.
4066:
4037:978-0691182353
4036:
4009:
3996:978-1572307735
3995:
3987:Guilford Press
3974:
3953:
3914:
3885:
3865:(2): 253–264.
3848:
3825:
3815:(3): 261–276.
3802:
3774:(2): 292–318.
3761:
3748:978-3527405671
3747:
3726:
3708:(3): 193–200.
3697:
3684:978-3540674924
3683:
3660:
3619:
3605:
3570:
3515:
3494:978-0792301233
3493:
3462:
3449:978-0415180832
3448:
3421:
3399:
3369:
3347:
3317:
3303:
3282:
3246:(4): 318–352.
3233:
3219:
3194:
3181:978-1402023699
3180:
3149:
3135:
3118:
3100:(2): 267–285.
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3064:
3035:
2988:
2970:(2): 277–286.
2950:
2932:(3): 187–203.
2921:
2903:(4): 336–344.
2891:
2863:(3): 250–257.
2845:
2822:
2820:on 2016-02-15.
2789:
2767:
2749:(4): 459–464.
2732:
2722:(5): 584–600.
2709:
2696:978-0816624171
2695:
2671:
2657:
2636:
2613:
2595:(3): 193–196.
2584:
2558:(3): 155–158.
2545:
2509:
2487:
2466:
2448:(4): 443–465.
2425:
2384:
2358:(4): 267–280.
2337:
2311:(4): 503–510.
2298:
2286:(4): 238–247.
2271:
2257:
2236:
2210:(4): 315–323.
2196:
2183:978-0582300873
2182:
2156:
2124:
2122:on 2016-02-15.
2088:
2058:
2042:Applied Energy
2030:
2004:(3): 149–153.
1991:
1979:(3): 163–171.
1964:
1943:978-0043000823
1942:
1917:
1904:978-0754648147
1903:
1890:
1876:
1852:
1826:(2): 206–221.
1813:
1780:
1763:
1741:
1716:
1698:(4): 262–270.
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1632:
1613:
1593:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1513:
1498:Ringhofer 2009
1469:
1458:
1452:, p. 18;
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1390:Carlstein 1982
1378:
1367:Kuklinski 1987
1359:
1347:
1335:
1327:Kuklinski 1987
1277:Kuklinski 1987
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1217:
1205:
1201:Carlstein 1982
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Sankey diagram
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:Activity space
1109:
1107:
1104:
1059:public transit
1057:networks, and
1051:spatial scales
1012:
1009:
977:
976:
970:
964:
958:
951:
909:
908:
902:
892:
844:
841:
805:transportation
797:space and time
791:framework and
757:Time geography
752:
751:
749:
748:
741:
734:
726:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
710:
702:
701:
698:
697:
696:
695:
693:Deconstruction
690:
680:
679:
678:
673:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
637:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
600:
599:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
573:Remote Sensing
570:
568:Photogrammetry
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
533:Geomathematics
530:
525:
524:
523:
518:
513:
503:
498:
497:
496:
491:
478:
477:
469:
464:
463:
460:
459:
456:
455:
453:Time geography
450:
445:
440:
435:
426:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
390:Geoinformatics
387:
382:
373:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
301:
288:
287:
286:
281:
279:Phytogeography
276:
262:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
238:
233:
232:
231:
226:
221:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
132:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
67:
62:
61:
58:
57:
56:
55:
50:
42:
41:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6400:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6347:
6339:
6337:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6267:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6234:Chronobiology
6232:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6220:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6168:Arrow of time
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6140:Geochronology
6138:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6082:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6008:
6004:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5990:Wheel of time
5988:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5834:Periodization
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:Digital clock
5758:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5537:Relative hour
5535:
5533:
5532:24-hour clock
5530:
5528:
5527:12-hour clock
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5410:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5375:
5374:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5157:Geostatistics
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5120:Geochronology
5118:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4949:Geomorphology
4947:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4896:Earth science
4894:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4675:
4670:
4668:
4663:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4640:
4639:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4568:Postmodernism
4566:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Structuralism
4549:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4334:
4327:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4303:Annals of GIS
4300:
4295:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4248:Thrift, Nigel
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4223:9781605584577
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3927:(1): 89–107.
3926:
3922:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3606:9780470515112
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3400:9781138573789
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3348:9781138573789
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3304:9789400702134
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3220:9788132222286
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3136:9781405154130
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3065:9783642122880
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3005:(19): 10313.
3004:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2954:Thrift, Nigel
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2675:Rose, Gillian
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2658:9789048134861
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2533:10.1068/a3587
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2488:9789401792042
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2258:9784431877707
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:Annals of GIS
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1877:9781907075056
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1742:9783642375828
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:For example:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:For example:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1520:For example:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:For example:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1456:, p. 323
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1428:, p. 277
1427:
1422:
1419:
1416:, p. 323
1415:
1410:
1407:
1404:, p. 156
1403:
1402:Lenntorp 1999
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1333:, p. 18)
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:Rachel Carson
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1250:, p. 157
1249:
1248:Lenntorp 1999
1244:
1241:
1238:, p. 158
1237:
1236:Lenntorp 1999
1232:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:, p. 155
1214:
1213:Lenntorp 1999
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1178:Value of time
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1082:mental health
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
986:
982:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
952:
949:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:
928:
926:
918:
913:
906:
903:
900:
896:
893:
890:
886:
883:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
866:
862:
859:
854:
850:
842:
840:
838:
834:
833:public health
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
727:
725:
724:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
704:
703:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
683:Postmodernism
681:
677:
674:
672:
671:Structuralism
669:
668:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
635:
630:
629:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
598:
594:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:Geostatistics
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
502:
501:Geochronology
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
481:
476:
472:
467:
462:
461:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
424:
419:
418:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
377:
376:
371:
366:
365:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
323:Geomorphology
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:Earth science
311:
309:
305:
302:
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
267:
266:
265:
260:
255:
254:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
135:
130:
125:
124:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
65:
60:
59:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
44:
43:
37:
33:
32:
29:
25:
21:
20:
6308:Time capsule
6302:Tempus fugit
6300:
6255:
6222:Other fields
5921:
5902:Perdurantism
5824:Calendar era
5776:
5769:
5755:Cuckoo clock
5692:astronomical
5666:
5492:Unit of time
5423:Key concepts
5371:
5359:
5347:
5335:
5296:Geo-literacy
5253:Institutions
5135:Internet GIS
5095:Quantitative
5071:
4972:Soil science
4891:Oceanography
4880:Zoogeography
4865:Biogeography
4740:Agricultural
4636:
4624:
4612:
4594:
4384:Agricultural
4306:
4302:
4287:the original
4252:
4204:. New York:
4201:
4166:
4135:
4131:
4106:
4102:
4077:
4071:
4014:
3985:. New York:
3980:
3961:
3957:
3924:
3918:
3896:(1): 25–47.
3893:
3889:
3862:
3856:
3838:(1): 13–27.
3835:
3829:
3812:
3806:
3771:
3765:
3730:
3705:
3701:
3674:
3664:Kwan, Mei-Po
3639:
3633:
3623:Kwan, Mei-Po
3580:
3529:
3523:
3467:
3431:
3374:
3322:
3286:
3243:
3237:
3202:
3159:
3122:
3097:
3091:
3043:
3002:
2996:
2967:
2961:
2929:
2925:
2900:
2896:
2860:
2856:
2832:
2826:
2815:the original
2794:
2776:
2772:
2746:
2740:
2737:Kwan, Mei-Po
2719:
2713:
2680:
2640:
2623:
2617:
2592:
2588:
2555:
2549:
2524:
2520:
2470:
2445:
2439:
2429:Kwan, Mei-Po
2407:(1): 22–34.
2404:
2398:
2388:Kwan, Mei-Po
2355:
2351:
2341:Kwan, Mei-Po
2308:
2302:
2283:
2279:
2240:
2207:
2203:
2169:
2135:
2131:
2117:the original
2096:
2075:
2069:
2045:
2041:
2001:
1995:
1976:
1972:
1923:
1894:
1863:
1823:
1817:
1795:(6): 36–61.
1792:
1788:
1776:Eurographics
1771:
1724:
1695:
1689:
1661:
1650:
1635:
1616:
1596:
1572:
1567:, p. 40
1560:
1555:, p. 18
1548:
1516:
1472:
1461:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1381:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1299:is cited in
1297:Otto Neurath
1267:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1220:
1208:
1203:, p. ii
1192:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1075:
1047:GIS software
1045:
1036:Gillian Rose
1033:
1030:
1020:
1004:
996:Nigel Thrift
993:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
936:
932:
927:), such as:
922:
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884:
875:
869:
846:
817:anthropology
760:
756:
755:
516:Internet GIS
475:Quantitative
452:
427:
374:
308:Oceanography
284:Zoogeography
269:Biogeography
263:
139:Agricultural
133:
71:Graeco-Roman
6318:Time travel
6296:System time
6203:Time domain
6188:Proper time
6012:use of time
5983:Father Time
5963:Immortality
5953:Ages of Man
5882:Endurantism
5839:Regnal year
5819:Big History
5748:water-based
5647:Solar Hijri
5557:Hexadecimal
5507:Measurement
5469:Chronometry
5455:Measurement
5373:WikiProject
5225:Ethnography
5217:Qualitative
5177:Map algebra
5172:Hydrography
5113:Web mapping
5103:Cartography
4915:Climatology
4905:Meteorology
4760:Development
4404:Development
4173:. pp.
4046:j.ctv3s8sns
3587:. pp.
3438:. pp.
2958:Pred, Allan
2779:: 156–166.
2138:(1): 6–21.
1494:Latham 2003
1309:physicalist
1293:Physicalist
1005:topoecology
945:axonometric
872:ontological
865:physicalism
837:theoretical
789:ontological
785:biographies
718:Geographers
606:Ethnography
597:Qualitative
558:Map algebra
553:Hydrography
494:Web mapping
484:Cartography
337:Hydrography
291:Climatology
159:Development
6367:Categories
6020:Chronemics
5995:Kalachakra
5907:Presentism
5892:Eternalism
5798:Chronology
5736:mechanical
5687:Main types
5605:Main types
5230:Geopoetics
5044:Integrated
4980:Edaphology
4958:Glaciology
4933:Geophysics
4928:Geobiology
4815:Settlement
4805:Population
4775:Historical
4745:Behavioral
4705:Philosophy
4519:Approaches
4469:Settlement
4459:Population
4429:Historical
4389:Behavioral
4377:Sub-fields
4309:(1): 1–9.
4274:0902246674
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3789:10023/5417
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3409:1035437517
3357:1055695801
2878:2043/14143
2551:GeoJournal
2304:GeoJournal
1997:GeoJournal
1674:References
1610:Allen 2019
1466:Allen 2019
1000:Allan Pred
641:Behavioral
611:Geopoetics
328:Glaciology
214:Settlement
204:Population
174:Historical
144:Behavioral
6276:Leap year
6193:Spacetime
6067:Yesterday
5968:Dreamtime
5942:Mythology
5829:Deep time
5741:stopwatch
5716:hourglass
5697:astrarium
5627:Gregorian
5620:Lunisolar
5597:Calendars
5587:Time zone
5460:standards
5284:Education
5202:Surveying
5024:Geomatics
5004:Geodesign
4996:Technical
4967:Limnology
4963:Hydrology
4842:Strategic
4825:Transport
4800:Political
4790:Marketing
4750:Cognitive
4681:Geography
4556:Semiotics
4546:Modernism
4496:Strategic
4479:Transport
4454:Political
4444:Marketing
4414:Emotional
4394:Cognitive
4232:470652992
4171:Routledge
4062:182045612
3910:129935266
3722:129750716
3615:191847101
3511:143507942
3436:Routledge
3417:149723887
3383:Routledge
3365:149988324
3331:Routledge
3313:719361722
3229:898892950
3145:237788695
3074:821069756
2984:154098410
2946:144455475
2811:1726-3816
2763:144480962
2667:436030901
2626:: 26–34.
2609:140944093
2580:142500989
2505:132286834
2497:890939038
2333:155401262
2267:567359237
2232:218589178
2152:198174673
2113:1726-3816
2078:: 17–25.
2026:147585214
1960:199113937
1886:781048687
1866:. Paris:
1848:162614564
1751:859590676
1712:133986477
1578:Kwan 2007
1565:Rose 1993
1553:Rose 1993
1490:Kwan 2004
1185:Footnotes
1025:schematic
858:spacetime
813:geography
795:in which
708:Societies
676:Semiotics
666:Modernism
583:Surveying
400:Geomatics
380:Geodesign
347:Limnology
333:Hydrology
241:Strategic
224:Transport
199:Political
189:Marketing
149:Cognitive
28:Geography
6336:Category
6084:Time in
6075:Tomorrow
5937:Religion
5877:Duration
5844:Timeline
5778:Timeline
5577:Sidereal
5445:Eternity
5337:Category
4976:Pedology
4857:Physical
4820:Regional
4810:Religion
4795:Military
4785:Language
4780:Internet
4765:Economic
4755:Cultural
4724:Branches
4695:Glossary
4614:Category
4536:Feminist
4526:Critical
4474:Regional
4464:Religion
4449:Military
4439:Language
4434:Internet
4409:Economic
4399:Cultural
4250:(1977).
4193:53814306
4152:30157340
4132:Synthese
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3798:15358225
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3666:(2000).
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3503:19130678
3458:52996864
3278:13191602
3190:55502669
3031:34639612
2917:22591326
2887:17430448
2835:: 5–16.
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2677:(1993).
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2462:13008935
2421:10120944
2390:(2007).
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2325:41144140
2162:(1983).
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1913:63187516
1759:40858744
1305:ontology
1225:Sui 2012
1148:MuSIASEM
1106:See also
985:ontology
773:temporal
651:Feminist
646:Critical
352:Pedology
219:Regional
209:Religion
194:Military
184:Language
179:Internet
164:Economic
154:Cultural
6346:Commons
6269:Related
6183:Instant
6173:Chronon
6155:Physics
6095:Geology
6086:science
5958:Destiny
5803:History
5771:History
5726:sundial
5709:quantum
5652:Chinese
5642:Islamic
5552:Decimal
5547:Chinese
5509:systems
5435:Present
5361:Commons
5140:Web GIS
5009:Geodesy
4953:Geology
4937:Geodesy
4870:Ecology
4847:Tourism
4715:Outline
4700:History
4638:Commons
4541:Marxist
4501:Tourism
4283:4464963
4240:9210735
4111:Bibcode
3929:Bibcode
3557:3406849
3534:Bibcode
3258:Bibcode
3114:2564314
3048:235–260
3022:8507668
2372:3554351
2224:3554354
2192:8629687
2174:238–256
1952:7946554
1809:4560326
1098:In the
1063:GeoTime
1055:highway
961:bundles
861:physics
843:Origins
825:ecology
769:spatial
656:Marxist
521:Web GIS
466:Methods
385:Geodesy
318:Geology
274:Ecology
246:Tourism
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76:Chinese
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6286:Moment
6281:Memory
6133:period
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5704:atomic
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5567:Metric
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6291:Space
6123:epoch
6113:chron
6071:Today
6040:tempo
6035:Music
5897:Event
5731:watch
5615:Lunar
5610:Solar
5582:Solar
5572:Roman
5562:Hindu
4830:Urban
4732:Human
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3718:S2CID
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