24:
5950:
5937:
1648:
4734:
3891:
5012:
1688:
992:
3324:(1928–2017). Introduced the Methaphysics of Quality. MOQ incorporates facets of East Asian philosophy, pragmatism and the work of F. S. C. Northrop.
1516:
3249:
45:
5975:
5275:
4218:
3777:
713:
5300:
2226:
2096:
67:
1842:(1724–1804). Major contributions in nearly every field of philosophy, especially metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics.
5832:
1253:, head of Florentine Academy and major Renaissance Humanist figure. First translator of Plato's complete extant works into Latin.
86:
5862:
3884:
1702:
737:
5888:
5048:
4462:
4047:
3187:
1787:
1725:
1660:
817:
5867:
5772:
5420:
4137:
3636:
3431:
3423:
3229:
5671:
5385:
4014:
3772:
3767:
3567:
1895:
1731:
1379:
38:
32:
5538:
5207:
4513:
4289:
3877:
3545:
3013:
2702:
2457:
1793:
1552:
165:
1771:
5744:
3956:
3946:
1889:
49:
5847:
5410:
4660:
4500:
4497:
4223:
4057:
4042:
3577:
2366:
1978:
1855:
675:
5425:
5366:
5319:
5177:
5140:
4508:
4423:
4413:
4337:
4203:
4175:
3762:
3737:
3417:
2758:
2556:
2542:
2004:
5558:
5490:
4570:
4408:
3986:
3961:
3951:
3455:
3213:
2816:
2508:
2306:
2240:
2208:
2152:
2020:
1988:
1966:
1833:
1280:
669:
220:
203:
5063:
4160:
5795:
5734:
5714:
5649:
5548:
5460:
5440:
5430:
4912:
4545:
4477:
4385:
4352:
4180:
3966:
3923:
3824:
3795:
3677:
3451:
3097:
2991:
2524:
2419:
2176:
2116:
1901:
1455:
1403:
1298:
1230:
887:
398:
376:
340:
151:
3725:
2316:
1009:, mystic, poet, and scholar. Founder of Akbarism, one of the major current of later Islamic philosophy.
4665:
5812:
5767:
5729:
5676:
5605:
5361:
5157:
5068:
4891:
4861:
4602:
4130:
3976:
3971:
3427:
3081:
2812:
2612:
2192:
1956:
1913:
1877:
1803:
1568:
1256:
986:
891:
883:
747:
540:
492:
5953:
5908:
5898:
5857:
5805:
5790:
5719:
5699:
5681:
5513:
5480:
5341:
5328:
5135:
4932:
4843:
4798:
4704:
4590:
4403:
4251:
2808:
2534:
2360:
2354:
2214:
2162:
2088:
2036:
1944:
1867:
1588:
1510:
1413:
1349:
1290:
1186:(c. 1320–5 – 1382). Made contributions to economics, science, mathematics, theology and philosophy.
996:
970:
927:
913:
901:
854:
825:
807:
468:
131:
5903:
5872:
5852:
5800:
5782:
5757:
5752:
5704:
5691:
5658:
5553:
5455:
5390:
5346:
5290:
5130:
4959:
4853:
4761:
4565:
4444:
4435:
4398:
4393:
4299:
4294:
4271:
4190:
4004:
3931:
3605:
3581:
3531:
3363:
3341:
3291:
3278:
3201:
3103:
2945:
2820:
2730:
2512:
2441:
2382:
2330:
2132:
2066:
1950:
1532:
1266:
1199:
1139:
1018:
1006:
980:
877:
773:
743:
689:
606:
586:
432:
394:
3611:
3347:
2680:
1972:
1815:
1809:
5941:
5842:
5837:
5822:
5762:
5724:
5709:
5666:
5237:
5197:
5115:
5043:
5026:
5004:
4632:
4607:
4418:
4238:
3981:
3659:
2981:
2864:
2796:
2572:
2437:
2401:
2344:
2218:
2092:
1923:
1845:
1737:
1654:
1636:
1610:
1526:
1493:
1485:
1443:
1343:
1318:
1284:
1161:
1145:
1024:
835:
388:
324:
5893:
5827:
5817:
5518:
5465:
5415:
5395:
5356:
5351:
5192:
5120:
4838:
4749:
4640:
4612:
4597:
4560:
4266:
4246:
4213:
4118:
4080:
3351:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3259:
3143:
3091:
3071:
3041:
3023:
2908:
2892:
2874:
2836:
2774:
2752:
2746:
2716:
2696:
2660:
2628:
2608:
2548:
2258:
2246:
2142:
2110:
1883:
1373:
1226:
1034:
783:
753:
645:
4739:
1754:(1710–1796). Member of Scottish Enlightenment, founder of Scottish Common Sense philosophy.
184:
of
Ephesus (c. 535 – c. 475 BC). Of the Ionians. Emphasized the mutability of the universe.
5599:
5568:
5533:
5498:
5376:
5227:
5125:
5083:
4994:
4982:
4967:
4942:
4917:
4687:
4555:
4550:
4467:
4452:
4125:
4009:
3837:
3808:
3743:
3729:
3699:
3673:
3615:
3599:
3557:
3549:
3535:
3527:
3447:
3387:
3381:
3357:
3283:
3269:
3197:
3159:
3029:
3009:
2920:
2904:
2858:
2842:
2690:
2582:
2378:
2350:
2276:
2270:
2252:
2202:
2182:
2056:
2030:
2024:
1998:
1932:
1873:
1775:
1674:
1572:
1471:
1465:
1395:
1389:
1246:
1205:
1115:
1091:
1069:
719:
635:
155:
141:
125:
2880:
2780:
5508:
5503:
5470:
5371:
5336:
5268:
5242:
5078:
4949:
4927:
4866:
4779:
4724:
4697:
4622:
4518:
4261:
3941:
3689:
3626:
3593:
3511:
3505:
3487:
3441:
3391:
3369:
3274:
3255:
3225:
3181:
3175:
3107:
3045:
3019:
2997:
2965:
2886:
2870:
2830:
2826:
2768:
2722:
2674:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2598:
2576:
2499:
2453:
2447:
2340:
2300:
2288:
2196:
2168:
2050:
1994:
1982:
1938:
1907:
1604:
1558:
1451:
1429:
1363:
1195:
1065:
482:
168:. Believed the deepest reality to be composed of numbers, and that souls are immortal.
5969:
5563:
5475:
5405:
5147:
4937:
4871:
4828:
4322:
4108:
4090:
3715:
3683:
3655:
3623:
3563:
3515:
3483:
3409:
3397:
3337:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3287:
3119:
3077:
3065:
3059:
2975:
2959:
2955:
2852:
2740:
2726:
2516:
2503:
2463:
2431:
2413:
2388:
2372:
2336:
2322:
2062:
1839:
1781:
1522:
1489:
1461:
1439:
1367:
1314:
1236:
1183:
1177:
1153:
1129:
1101:
1059:
954:
950:
944:
940:
909:
763:
350:
278:
79:
4670:
5594:
5584:
5543:
5523:
5295:
5258:
5217:
5103:
5053:
4714:
4692:
4617:
4585:
4457:
4317:
4228:
4024:
3842:
3749:
3719:
3705:
3667:
3587:
3573:
3521:
3473:
3467:
3315:
3265:
3207:
3165:
3147:
3035:
2949:
2939:
2898:
2802:
2764:
2736:
2706:
2670:
2588:
2493:
2416:(1856–1939). Neurologist, founded psychoanalysis, posited structural model of mind.
2407:
2310:
2264:
1927:
1861:
1630:
1620:
1598:
1592:
1546:
1433:
1419:
1250:
1167:
1133:
897:
811:
793:
777:
707:
697:
693:
679:
663:
600:
524:
463:
428:
282:
226:
174:
of
Colophon (c. 570 – 480 BC). Advocated monotheism. Sometimes associated with the
99:
425:(c. 384 – 322 BC). A polymath whose works ranged across all philosophical fields.
5589:
5528:
5400:
5380:
5285:
5222:
5182:
5162:
5088:
5058:
4719:
4655:
4347:
4332:
4208:
4198:
4147:
4113:
4052:
3649:
3499:
3461:
3437:
3375:
3299:
3245:
3219:
3191:
3153:
3137:
3125:
3087:
3055:
3003:
2987:
2926:
2914:
2712:
2648:
2622:
2528:
2483:
2186:
2146:
2122:
2100:
2014:
1917:
1819:
1797:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1706:
1668:
1664:
1642:
1562:
1536:
1497:
1475:
1423:
1409:
1339:
1304:
1213:
1189:
1121:
1085:
1075:
1051:
905:
873:
831:
821:
534:
476:
452:
336:
268:
137:
5435:
5263:
5212:
5202:
5073:
4977:
4922:
4729:
4709:
4575:
4342:
4256:
4085:
4032:
3996:
3900:
3632:
3539:
3413:
3403:
3239:
3235:
3113:
2790:
2552:
2538:
2487:
2477:
2473:
2326:
2294:
2282:
2070:
2010:
1829:
1761:
1757:
1682:
1624:
1582:
1578:
1479:
1447:
1383:
1321:
1171:
1157:
1149:
1125:
1079:
1055:
1038:
976:
960:
923:
653:
574:
514:
508:
416:
382:
346:
314:
254:
246:
216:
199:
196:
of Elea (c. 515 – 450 BC). Of the
Eleatics. Reflected on the concept of Being.
193:
187:
181:
171:
161:
5450:
5445:
5305:
5232:
5167:
5038:
4972:
4784:
4774:
4769:
4744:
4540:
4100:
4062:
3733:
3695:
3493:
3258:(1925–2017). Polish sociologist and philosopher, who introduced the idea of
3169:
3131:
2654:
2616:
2592:
2566:
2560:
2427:
2236:
2232:
2172:
2156:
2126:
2044:
1960:
1399:
1294:
1274:
1209:
1095:
1012:
1002:
931:
840:
803:
797:
618:
568:
564:
543:(c. 190 – c. 120 BC). Astronomer and mathematician, founder of trigonometry.
530:
422:
354:
286:
260:
240:
4675:
5280:
5187:
5152:
5110:
5098:
4886:
4680:
4580:
4523:
4327:
4281:
4165:
3863:
3709:
3663:
3553:
3051:
2684:
2520:
2467:
2423:
2222:
2136:
2104:
1849:
1712:
1696:
1678:
1614:
1540:
1353:
1308:
1270:
1260:
1240:
1109:
966:
860:
850:
844:
789:
769:
659:
639:
622:
612:
590:
518:
486:
459:
448:
369:(c. 427 – 347 BC). Famed for view of the transcendental forms. Advocated
360:
330:
292:
274:
583:(c. 20 BC – 50 AD). Believed in the allegorical method of reading texts.
4907:
4881:
4876:
4818:
4813:
4645:
4533:
4528:
4487:
4309:
4155:
4037:
3619:
2969:
2846:
2784:
2664:
2602:
1823:
1765:
1692:
1357:
1028:
937:
Yehudah HaLevi (c. 1075- 1141). Jewish poet, physician and philosopher.
703:
683:
649:
502:
472:
455:
442:
318:
308:
304:
298:
264:
250:
236:
232:
175:
5172:
5093:
4823:
4482:
4472:
4170:
4072:
3477:
2297:(1838–1916). Philosopher of science, influence on logical positivism.
2040:
1876:(1738–1794). Italian criminologist, jurist, and philosopher from the
759:
558:
498:
438:
370:
121:
3819:
LaFave, Sandra (2006). "Chronological List of
Western Philosophers".
2363:(1844–1900). Naturalistic philosopher, influence on Existentialism.
4988:
4650:
3936:
1105:
828:. Held that God creates universe by rearranging pre–existing laws.
596:
580:
366:
3813:
3866:, a parallel history of Jewish and non-Jewish intellectual ideas
917:
5631:
4373:
3911:
3873:
3384:(1930–2002). French psychoanalytic sociologist and philosopher.
1142:(c. 1270–1342). Understood chief function of state as mediator.
4833:
1715:(1694–1778). Advocate for freedoms of religion and expression.
17:
3869:
3790:
Kemerling, Garth (2002). "Timeline of
Western Philosophers".
969:(Ibn Rushd, "The Commentator") (c. 1126–December 10, 1198).
229:(c. 490 – 430 BC). Of the Eleatics. Known for his paradoxes.
3590:(1947-2022) French Philosopher, Anhropologist, Sociologist.
2625:(1873–1958). Common sense theorist, ethical non–naturalist.
301:
of Athens (c. 460 – 413 BC). Atheist writer and politician.
3032:(1904-1987) comparative mythology and comparative religion
527:(c. 276 BC – c. 195/194 BC). Geographer and mathematician.
2255:(1820–1903). Nativism, libertarianism, social Darwinism.
648:(fl. during the 2nd and possibly the 3rd centuries AD).
263:
of
Miletus (First half of the 5th century BC). Founding
190:
of Kos (c. 530 – 450 BC). Comic playwright and moralist.
3184:(1915–1980). French semiotician and literary theorist.
1464:(1588–1679). Advocate of extensive government power,
5881:
5781:
5743:
5690:
5657:
5648:
5577:
5489:
5327:
5318:
5251:
5025:
5003:
4958:
4900:
4852:
4806:
4797:
4760:
4631:
4496:
4443:
4434:
4384:
4308:
4280:
4237:
4189:
4146:
4099:
4071:
4023:
3995:
3922:
2249:(1820–1895). Egalitarian, dialectical materialist.
947:philosopher. Dealt with the problem of universals.
3156:(1912–1954). Functionalist in philosophy of mind.
511:(c. 287 – c. 212 BC). Mathematician and inventor.
202:of Clazomenae (c. 500 – 428 BC). Of the Ionians.
3843:http://lafavephilosophy.x10host.com/CRONLIST.htm
3100:(1908–1961). Influential French phenomenologist.
1864:(1729–1797). Conservative political philosopher.
577:(c. 35 AD – c. 100 AD). Rhetorician and teacher.
561:(c. 106 BC – 43 BC) Skeptic. Political theorist.
533:(c. 214 – 129 BC). Academic skeptic. Understood
3400:(born 1930). Political Philosopher, capitalist.
3178:(1913–2005). French philosopher and theologian.
2978:(1901–1983). Created T–Convention in semantics.
2855:(1891–1970). Vienna Circle. Logical positivist.
1728:(1703–1758). American philosophical theologian.
2391:(1848–1925). Influential analytic philosopher.
3885:
3162:(1912–1989). Influential American philosopher
2861:(1892–1940). Marxist. Philosophy of language.
1525:(1623–1662). Physicist, scientist. Noted for
8:
505:300 BC). Mathematician, founder of geometry.
3134:(1910–1989). Logical positivist, emotivist.
1886:(1743–1826). Liberal political philosopher.
517:of Soli (c. 280 – 207 BC). Major figure in
5654:
5645:
5628:
5324:
5031:
4803:
4440:
4381:
4370:
3919:
3908:
3892:
3878:
3870:
2657:(1875–1961). Psychoanalyst, metaphysicist.
2059:(c. 1797–1883). Egalitarian, abolitionist.
1832:(1723–1790). Economic theorist, member of
625:. Emphasized ethics of self–determination.
102:from the Western tradition of philosophy.
2291:(1838–1900). Rationalism, utilitarianism.
1904:(1744–1829). Early evolutionary theorist.
1689:Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu
1513:(1601–1658). Spanish Catholic philosopher
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
3406:(1931–1994). French Marxist philosopher.
2867:(1894–1977). Philosophy of the Law Idea.
1037:(Albertus Magnus) (c. 1193–1280). Early
277:of Athens (c. 470 – 399 BC). Emphasized
31:This article includes a list of general
3496:(1938–2017). Animal rights philosopher.
3250:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
1376:(1548–1617). Politically proto–liberal.
3833:
3822:
3804:
3793:
2165:(1807–1858). Egalitarian, utilitarian.
317:of Abdera (c. 450 – 370 BC). Founding
295:of Ceos (c. 465 – c. 395 BC). Sophist.
289:to be central to the pursuit of truth.
219:(492 – 432 BC). Eclectic cosmogonist.
164:of Samos (c. 580 – c. 500 BC). Of the
128:. Believed that all was made of water.
2205:(1814–1876). Revolutionary anarchist.
419:(c. 396 – 314 BC). Disciple of Plato.
140:of Miletus (c. 610 – 546 BC). Of the
124:of Miletus (c. 624 – 546 BC). Of the
7:
2761:(1883–1955). Philosopher of History.
2651:(1874–1928). German phenomenologist.
1941:(1756–1836). Anarchist, utilitarian.
672:(c. 232 – 304). Student of Plotinus.
599:(c. 1 – 30 or 33 AD) the founder of
158:. Believed that all was made of air.
3602:(born 1947). Political philosopher.
3378:(1930–1992). Political Philosopher.
2929:(1899–1973). Political Philosopher.
2755:(1882–1973). Human rights theorist.
1910:(1748–1832). Utilitarian, hedonist.
385:(c. 408 – 339 BC). Nephew of Plato.
3778:Category:21st-century philosophers
1991:(1770–1843). Poet and philosopher.
1088:(c. 1232–1315) Spanish philosopher
391:(c. 408 – 355 BC). Pupil of Plato.
134:(c. 620 – c. 550 BC). Cosmologist.
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3576:(born 1946) Moral philosopher on
2673:(1878–1965). Jewish philosopher,
1015:(c. 1170–c. 1250), mathematician.
863:(7 November 994 – 15 August 1064)
495:(c. 310 – c. 230 BC). Astronomer.
379:(c. 425 – c 350 BC). Cosmologist.
5949:
5948:
5935:
3122:(1909–1997), historian of ideas.
2569:(1864–1920). Social philosopher.
916:, one of the 5 greatest Iranian
772:(c. 801 – 873). Major figure in
307:(Middle of the 5th century BC).
22:
3508:(1940-2021) French philosopher.
3330:(1929–2003). Moral philosopher.
738:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
357:. Advocate of ethical hedonism.
3852:. London: Rathbone Books, Ltd.
3814:http://www.philosophypages.com
2285:(1836–1882). British idealist.
485:(c. 333 – 264 BC). Founder of
339:(c. 444 – 365 BC). Founder of
1:
3502:(1940-2022). Modal semantics.
2839:(1889–1976). Phenomenologist.
2303:(1838–1917). Phenomenologist.
1788:Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
1243:, critic of scholastic logic.
666:. Had a holistic metaphysics.
363:(c. 427 – 355 BC). Historian.
327:. (c. 470 - 430 BC). Eleatic.
249:of Abdera (c. 481 – 420 BC).
5421:Ordinary language philosophy
3864:Jewish Intellectual Timeline
3432:Philosophy of Social Science
3230:Ordinary language philosophy
1633:(1664–1729). Atheist Priest.
1613:(1646–1716). Co-inventor of
1517:François de La Rochefoucauld
1208:(c. 1355 – 1452/1454). Late
876:(Avicebron) (c. 1021–1058).
144:. Famous for the concept of
5471:Contemporary utilitarianism
5386:Internalism and externalism
3773:List of years in philosophy
3768:Timeline of German Idealism
3568:Traditionalist conservatism
3434:, and Intellectual History.
3068:(1906–1978). Vienna Circle.
2369:(1845–1879). Evidentialist.
1896:Johann Gottfried von Herder
1848:(1729–1786). Member of the
1392:(1564–1642). Heliocentrist.
441:of Elis (c. 360 – 270 BC).
5992:
4735:Svatantrika and Prasangika
3848:Russell, Bertrand (1959).
3546:Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
3366:(born 1929). Aristotelian.
3014:redundancy theory of truth
2703:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
2663:(1875–1944). Idealist and
1607:(1646 – 1719). Astronomer.
853:(Avicenna) (c. 980–1037).
609:(c. 10 – c. 70). Engineer.
154:(c. 585 – 525 BC). Of the
5976:Timelines of philosophers
5929:
5644:
5627:
5034:
4380:
4369:
3957:Philosophy of mathematics
3947:Philosophy of information
3918:
3907:
2319:(1841 — 1876). Pessimist.
2211:(1815–1902). Egalitarian.
1890:Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
1366:(1548–1600). Advocate of
1259:(1463–1494). Renaissance
894:for the existence of God.
843:(c. 973 – 1050). Islamic
537:as the purveyor of truth.
373:governed by philosophers.
333:. Follower of Heraclitus.
82:
2725:(1882–1936). Founder of
2456:(1859–1938). Founder of
2039:(1788–1860). Pessimism,
1979:Friedrich Schleiermacher
1856:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
1585:. Political philosopher.
1311:, created term "utopia".
1005:(1165–1240). Andalusian
5426:Postanalytic philosophy
5367:Experimental philosophy
3763:Contemporary philosophy
3738:Lacanian Psychoanalysis
3418:Postanalytic philosophy
3248:(1922–1996). Author of
3114:Willard van Orman Quine
3044:(1905–1980). Humanism,
2829:(1889–1973). Christian
2739:(1882–1945). Member of
2705:(1881–1955). Christian
2543:symbolic interactionist
2175:, whose works affected
2005:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1794:Claude Adrien Helvétius
1553:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
1402:, whose works affected
1297:, whose works affected
1249:(1433–1499). Christian
1118: (c. 1265 – 1321).
52:more precise citations.
5559:Social constructionism
4571:Hellenistic philosophy
3987:Theoretical philosophy
3962:Philosophy of religion
3952:Philosophy of language
3832:Cite journal requires
3803:Cite journal requires
3456:Philosophy of Religion
3370:Hubert Lederer Dreyfus
3318:(born 1928). Linguist.
3214:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
3012:(1903–1930). Proposed
2992:Philosopher of Science
2817:philosophy of language
2605:political philosopher.
2509:Alfred North Whitehead
2410:(1855–1916). Idealist.
2375:(1846–1924). Idealist.
2307:Charles Sanders Peirce
2261:(1820–1906). Feminist.
2241:historical materialism
2209:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
2153:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
2021:F. W. J. von Schelling
1967:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
1947:(1759–1797). Feminist.
1834:Scottish Enlightenment
1778:political philosopher.
1468:theorist, materialist.
995:(c. 1154–1191). Major
806:(c. 870 – 950). Major
762:(c. 735 – 804). Early
471:(c. 340 – c. 268 BC).
431:(c. 371 – c. 287 BC).
5942:Philosophy portal
5461:Scientific skepticism
5441:Reformed epistemology
3967:Philosophy of science
3678:Social constructivism
3452:Reformed epistemology
3298:, and the concept of
3098:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
2525:Philosophy of Physics
2420:Ferdinand de Saussure
2177:Philosophy of Science
2117:Alexis de Tocqueville
1902:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1772:Jean–Jacques Rousseau
1649:Anthony Ashley-Cooper
1456:Divine right of kings
1404:Philosophy of Science
1299:Philosophy of Science
1231:Christian philosopher
1198:(c. 1340 – c. 1411).
989:(1149 or 1150 – 1209)
888:Christian philosopher
748:Christian philosopher
678:(c. 245 – 325). Late
377:Diogenes of Apollonia
353:(c. 440 – 366 BC). A
235:. (c. 483 – 375 BC).
152:Anaximenes of Miletus
148:, or "the boundless".
5362:Critical rationalism
5069:Edo neo-Confucianism
4913:Acintya bheda abheda
4892:Renaissance humanism
4603:School of the Sextii
3977:Practical philosophy
3972:Political philosophy
3428:Political philosophy
3082:Political Philosophy
2813:Analytic philosopher
2759:José Ortega y Gasset
2613:Analytic philosopher
1957:Comte de Saint-Simon
1914:Pierre-Simon Laplace
1878:Age of Enlightenment
1850:Jewish Enlightenment
1804:Etienne de Condillac
1569:Samuel von Pufendorf
1555: (1627 – 1704).
1257:Pico della Mirandola
987:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
892:ontological argument
786:(809–887). Polymath.
567:(c. 99 BC – 55 BC).
541:Hipparchus of Nicaea
493:Aristarchus of Samos
343:. Pupil of Socrates.
253:. Early advocate of
239:. Early advocate of
106:Western philosophers
4933:Nimbarka Sampradaya
4844:Korean Confucianism
4591:Academic Skepticism
3194:philosophy of mind.
2809:Ludwig Wittgenstein
2535:George Herbert Mead
2361:Friedrich Nietzsche
2355:Anarchist communism
2215:Henry David Thoreau
2163:Harriet Taylor Mill
2089:Ralph Waldo Emerson
2078:Modern philosophers
2037:Arthur Schopenhauer
1989:Friedrich Hölderlin
1945:Mary Wollstonecraft
1868:Johann Georg Hamann
1705:(1694–1746). Proto–
1589:Nicolas Malebranche
1581:(1632–1704). Major
1414:Islamic philosopher
1412:(1572–1640). Major
1350:Michel de Montaigne
1342:(1509–1564). Major
1329:Early modern period
1317:(1483–1546). Major
1291:Nicolaus Copernicus
1281:Niccolò Machiavelli
997:Islamic philosopher
971:Islamic philosopher
928:Islamic philosopher
902:Islamic philosopher
855:Islamic philosopher
826:Islamic philosopher
808:Islamic philosopher
676:Iamblichus of Syria
589:(c. 4 BC – 65 AD).
469:Strato of Lampsacus
451:(c. 341 – 270 BC).
397:(c. 404 – 323 BC).
132:Pherecydes of Syros
5554:Post-structuralism
5456:Scientific realism
5411:Quinean naturalism
5391:Logical positivism
5347:Analytical Marxism
4566:Peripatetic school
4478:Chinese naturalism
4005:Aesthetic response
3932:Applied philosophy
3850:Wisdom of the West
3606:Hans-Hermann Hoppe
3582:effective altruism
3532:State of exception
3364:Alasdair MacIntyre
3342:Post-structuralism
3292:Post-structuralism
3279:Post-structuralism
3202:Structural Marxist
3104:Simone de Beauvoir
2946:Hans-Georg Gadamer
2821:philosophy of mind
2731:logical positivism
2513:Process Philosophy
2442:Social philosopher
2383:Social philosopher
2331:Radical empiricism
2317:Philipp Mainländer
2133:Augustus De Morgan
2067:Social philosopher
1951:Friedrich Schiller
1533:Margaret Cavendish
1267:Desiderius Erasmus
1200:Jewish philosopher
1140:Marsilius of Padua
1019:Robert Grosseteste
1007:Muslim philosopher
981:Jewish philosopher
914:Philosophical poet
878:Jewish philosopher
836:Jewish Philosopher
774:Islamic philosophy
744:Isidore of Seville
690:Augustine of Hippo
607:Hero of Alexandria
587:Seneca the Younger
395:Diogenes of Sinope
98:This is a list of
5963:
5962:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5342:Analytic feminism
5314:
5313:
5276:Kierkegaardianism
5238:Transcendentalism
5198:Neo-scholasticism
5044:Classical Realism
5021:
5020:
4793:
4792:
4608:Neopythagoreanism
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
3982:Social philosophy
3660:Poststructuralist
3578:animal liberation
2982:Michael Oakeshott
2865:Herman Dooyeweerd
2573:Miguel de Unamuno
2559:; known for many
2345:Jewish philosophy
2219:Transcendentalist
2193:Søren Kierkegaard
2093:Transcendentalist
1924:Joseph de Maistre
1846:Moses Mendelssohn
1738:Julien La Mettrie
1703:Francis Hutcheson
1655:Dimitrie Cantemir
1637:Giambattista Vico
1611:Gottfried Leibniz
1494:mind-body dualism
1344:Western Christian
1319:Western Christian
1285:Political realism
1146:William of Ockham
1025:Francis of Assisi
700:. Church father.
597:Jesus of Nazareth
389:Eudoxus of Cnidus
325:Melissus of Samos
96:
95:
78:
77:
70:
5983:
5952:
5951:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5655:
5646:
5629:
5519:Frankfurt School
5466:Transactionalism
5416:Normative ethics
5396:Legal positivism
5372:Falsificationism
5357:Consequentialism
5352:Communitarianism
5325:
5193:New Confucianism
5032:
4839:Neo-Confucianism
4804:
4613:Second Sophistic
4598:Middle Platonism
4441:
4382:
4371:
4214:Epiphenomenalism
4081:Consequentialism
4015:Institutionalism
3920:
3909:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3871:
3853:
3841:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3791:
3352:Discourse ethics
3334:Jean Baudrillard
3328:Bernard Williams
3322:Robert M. Pirsig
3260:liquid modernity
3144:Marshall McLuhan
3092:Legal positivism
3072:Emmanuel Levinas
3042:Jean-Paul Sartre
3024:Frankfurt School
2909:Frankfurt School
2893:Georges Bataille
2875:Frankfurt School
2837:Martin Heidegger
2775:Gaston Bachelard
2753:Jacques Maritain
2747:Nicolai Hartmann
2717:Legal positivist
2697:Ludwig von Mises
2661:Giovanni Gentile
2629:Nikolai Berdyaev
2609:Bertrand Russell
2549:George Santayana
2259:Susan B. Anthony
2247:Friedrich Engels
2143:John Stuart Mill
2111:Ludwig Feuerbach
1884:Thomas Jefferson
1726:Jonathan Edwards
1511:Baltasar Gracián
1374:Francisco Suarez
1227:Nicholas of Cusa
1170:(c. 1300–1358).
1148:(c. 1288–1348).
1124:(c. 1266–1308).
1094:(c. 1260–1328).
1078:(c. 1225–1274).
1068:(c. 1221–1274).
1054:(c. 1214–1294).
1035:Albert the Great
1027:(c. 1182–1226).
979:(c. 1135–1204).
963:(c. 1105 – 1185)
953:(c. 1100–1160).
943:(c. 1079–1142).
926:(c. 1058–1111).
900:(c. 1048–1131).
886:(c. 1034–1109).
834:(c. 882 – 942).
820:(c. 865 – 925).
792:(c. 815 – 877).
784:Abbas ibn Firnas
776:. Influenced by
754:John of Damascus
706:(c. 412 – 485).
692:(c. 354 – 430).
662:(c. 205 – 270).
646:Sextus Empiricus
80:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
48:this article by
39:inline citations
26:
25:
18:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5936:
5934:
5913:
5877:
5777:
5739:
5686:
5640:
5639:
5611:
5600:Russian cosmism
5573:
5569:Western Marxism
5534:New Historicism
5499:Critical theory
5485:
5481:Wittgensteinian
5377:Foundationalism
5310:
5247:
5228:Social contract
5084:Foundationalism
5017:
4999:
4983:Illuminationism
4968:Aristotelianism
4954:
4943:Vishishtadvaita
4896:
4848:
4789:
4756:
4627:
4556:Megarian school
4551:Eretrian school
4492:
4453:Agriculturalism
4430:
4376:
4357:
4304:
4276:
4233:
4185:
4142:
4126:Incompatibilism
4095:
4067:
4019:
3991:
3914:
3903:
3898:
3860:
3847:
3831:
3821:
3818:
3802:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3759:
3744:Alain de Botton
3730:German Idealism
3726:Alenka Zupančič
3700:Accelerationist
3674:Alexander Wendt
3646:
3637:Integral Theory
3616:German Idealism
3600:Martha Nussbaum
3558:Literary theory
3550:Postcolonialism
3528:Giorgio Agamben
3448:Alvin Plantinga
3388:Jacques Derrida
3382:Pierre Bourdieu
3358:Jaakko Hintikka
3348:Jürgen Habermas
3284:Michel Foucault
3270:Postcolonialism
3198:Louis Althusser
3188:Donald Davidson
3160:Wilfrid Sellars
3030:Joseph Campbell
3010:Frank P. Ramsey
2936:
2921:Friedrich Hayek
2905:Herbert Marcuse
2859:Walter Benjamin
2843:Antonio Gramsci
2691:Oswald Spengler
2681:Jan Łukasiewicz
2583:Benedetto Croce
2398:
2379:Vilfredo Pareto
2351:Peter Kropotkin
2277:Wilhelm Dilthey
2271:Hippolyte Taine
2253:Herbert Spencer
2203:Mikhail Bakunin
2183:Margaret Fuller
2085:
2080:
2057:Sojourner Truth
2031:Bernard Bolzano
2025:German idealist
1999:German idealist
1973:Madame de Staël
1933:Louis de Bonald
1874:Cesare Beccaria
1816:Baron d'Holbach
1810:Jean d'Alembert
1776:Social contract
1722:
1675:George Berkeley
1661:Christian Wolff
1573:Social contract
1507:
1472:Pierre Gassendi
1466:social contract
1396:Johannes Kepler
1390:Galileo Galilei
1336:
1331:
1305:Sir Thomas More
1247:Marsilio Ficino
1223:
1206:Gemistus Pletho
1180:(c. 1320–1384).
1116:Dante Alighieri
1112:and philosopher
1106:Islamic scholar
1104:(c. 1263-1328)
1092:Meister Eckhart
1048:
1021:(c. 1175–1253).
870:
734:
729:
720:John Philoponus
636:Marcus Aurelius
632:
621:(c. 55 – 135).
555:
550:
413:
408:
406:Hellenistic era
213:
156:Milesian school
142:Milesian school
126:Milesian school
118:
113:
108:
74:
63:
57:
54:
44:Please help to
43:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
5989:
5987:
5979:
5978:
5968:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5945:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5798:
5793:
5787:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5749:
5747:
5745:Middle Eastern
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5696:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5663:
5661:
5652:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5509:Existentialism
5506:
5504:Deconstruction
5501:
5495:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5337:Applied ethics
5333:
5331:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5301:Nietzscheanism
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5261:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5243:Utilitarianism
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5141:Transcendental
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:Existentialism
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4867:Augustinianism
4864:
4858:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4780:Zoroastrianism
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4637:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4623:Church Fathers
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4505:
4503:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4138:Libertarianism
4135:
4134:
4133:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3942:Metaphilosophy
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3858:External links
3856:
3855:
3854:
3845:
3834:|journal=
3816:
3805:|journal=
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3723:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3690:Byung-Chul Han
3687:
3681:
3671:
3653:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3627:psychoanalysis
3609:
3603:
3597:
3594:Camille Paglia
3591:
3585:
3571:
3561:
3543:
3525:
3519:
3512:David K. Lewis
3509:
3506:Jean-Luc Nancy
3503:
3497:
3491:
3481:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3445:
3442:Direct realism
3435:
3424:Charles Taylor
3421:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3392:Deconstruction
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3345:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3303:
3281:
3275:Gilles Deleuze
3272:
3263:
3256:Zygmunt Bauman
3253:
3243:
3233:
3226:P. F. Strawson
3223:
3217:
3216:(1918 – 2008).
3211:
3210:(1918 – 1994).
3205:
3195:
3185:
3182:Roland Barthes
3179:
3173:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3108:Existentialist
3101:
3095:
3085:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3049:
3046:existentialism
3039:
3038:(1905 – 1983).
3033:
3027:
3020:Theodor Adorno
3017:
3007:
3001:
2998:Mortimer Adler
2995:
2985:
2984:(1901 – 1990).
2979:
2973:
2966:Henri Lefebvre
2963:
2953:
2943:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2923:(1899 – 1992).
2918:
2917:(1898 – 1963).
2912:
2902:
2901:(1898 – 1974).
2896:
2890:
2887:Susanne Langer
2884:
2883:(1895 – 1998).
2878:
2871:Max Horkheimer
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2840:
2834:
2831:existentialist
2827:Gabriel Marcel
2824:
2823:, influential.
2806:
2805:(1888 – 1985).
2800:
2799:(1886 – 1951).
2794:
2788:
2778:
2772:
2769:Existentialist
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2734:
2723:Moritz Schlick
2720:
2710:
2700:
2694:
2693:(1880 – 1936).
2688:
2678:
2675:existentialist
2668:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2643:Neo-Kantianism
2639:Ernst Cassirer
2636:
2633:Existentialist
2626:
2620:
2619:, influential.
2606:
2599:Rosa Luxemburg
2596:
2586:
2580:
2577:Existentialist
2570:
2564:
2546:
2532:
2506:
2500:Rudolf Steiner
2497:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2461:
2454:Edmund Husserl
2451:
2448:Giuseppe Peano
2445:
2438:Émile Durkheim
2435:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2402:Henri Poincaré
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2376:
2370:
2367:W. K. Clifford
2364:
2358:
2348:
2341:Neo-Kantianism
2334:
2320:
2314:
2304:
2301:Franz Brentano
2298:
2292:
2289:Henry Sidgwick
2286:
2280:
2274:
2273:(1828 – 1893).
2268:
2267:(1823 – 1892).
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2230:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2197:Existentialist
2190:
2180:
2169:Charles Darwin
2166:
2160:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2060:
2054:
2053:(1795 – 1881).
2051:Thomas Carlyle
2048:
2034:
2028:
2018:
2008:
2007:(1772 – 1834).
2002:
1995:G. W. F. Hegel
1992:
1986:
1983:Hermeneutician
1976:
1970:
1964:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1939:William Godwin
1936:
1935:(1754 – 1840).
1930:
1921:
1911:
1908:Jeremy Bentham
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1843:
1837:
1827:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1769:
1755:
1749:
1735:
1729:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1700:
1686:
1672:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1605:John Flamsteed
1602:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1566:
1559:Baruch Spinoza
1556:
1550:
1544:
1530:
1527:Pascal's wager
1520:
1514:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1486:René Descartes
1483:
1469:
1459:
1452:patrimonialist
1437:
1430:Marin Mersenne
1427:
1417:
1407:
1393:
1387:
1377:
1371:
1364:Giordano Bruno
1361:
1347:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1312:
1302:
1288:
1278:
1273:, advocate of
1264:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1203:
1196:Hasdai Crescas
1193:
1192:(1332 – 1406).
1187:
1181:
1175:
1165:
1162:Ockham's razor
1143:
1137:
1119:
1113:
1099:
1089:
1083:
1073:
1066:Thomas Aquinas
1063:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1032:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1000:
990:
984:
974:
964:
958:
948:
938:
935:
921:
895:
881:
869:
866:
865:
864:
858:
848:
838:
829:
815:
801:
787:
781:
767:
757:
751:
746:(c. 560–636).
741:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
723:
717:
711:
701:
687:
673:
667:
657:
643:
631:
628:
627:
626:
616:
615:(c. 46 – 119).
610:
604:
594:
584:
578:
572:
562:
554:
551:
549:
548:Classical Rome
546:
545:
544:
538:
528:
522:
512:
506:
496:
490:
483:Zeno of Citium
480:
466:
446:
436:
426:
420:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
392:
386:
380:
374:
364:
358:
344:
334:
328:
322:
312:
302:
296:
290:
272:
258:
244:
230:
224:
212:
209:
208:
207:
197:
191:
185:
179:
169:
159:
149:
135:
129:
117:
114:
112:
111:Ancient Greece
109:
107:
104:
94:
93:
76:
75:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5988:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5956:
5955:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:Miscellaneous
5880:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5578:Miscellaneous
5576:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5564:Structuralism
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5549:Postmodernism
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5539:Phenomenology
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5476:Vienna Circle
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Moral realism
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5208:Phenomenology
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:Individualism
5146:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5014:
5013:Judeo-Islamic
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4989:ʿIlm al-Kalām
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4938:Shuddhadvaita
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:Scholasticism
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4368:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4323:Conceptualism
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4252:Particularism
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Functionalism
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Eliminativism
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Compatibilism
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4048:Particularism
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3846:
3844:
3839:
3826:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3728:(born 1966).
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:(born 1966).
3717:
3716:David Benatar
3714:
3711:
3708:(born 1965).
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:(born 1962).
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3684:Michel Onfray
3682:
3679:
3676:(born 1958).
3675:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3658:(born 1956).
3657:
3656:Judith Butler
3654:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3635:(born 1949).
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3614:(born 1949).
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:(1944-2020).
3565:
3564:Roger Scruton
3562:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3548:(born 1942).
3547:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3530:(born 1942).
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3516:Modal realism
3514:(1941–2001).
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:(1938–2002).
3485:
3484:Robert Nozick
3482:
3479:
3476:(born 1937).
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:(born 1932).
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:(born 1932).
3439:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:(born 1931).
3425:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:(1931–2007).
3411:
3410:Richard Rorty
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3398:Thomas Sowell
3396:
3393:
3390:(1930–2004).
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:(born 1929).
3349:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3338:Postmodernism
3336:(1929–2007).
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3310:Neopragmatism
3308:(1926–2016).
3307:
3306:Hilary Putnam
3304:
3301:
3297:
3296:Postmodernism
3293:
3289:
3288:Structuralism
3286:(1926–1984).
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:(1925–1995).
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:(1925–1961).
3267:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:(1921–2002).
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:(1919–2006).
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:(1918–1990).
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:(1917–2003).
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:(1913–1960).
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:(1911–1980).
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3120:Isaiah Berlin
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:(1908–1986).
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:(1907–1992).
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:(1906–1975).
3079:
3078:Hannah Arendt
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:Individualist
3057:
3054:(1905–1982).
3053:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:(1903–1969).
3021:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:(1902–1994).
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2976:Alfred Tarski
2974:
2971:
2968:(1901-1991).
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:Structuralism
2958:(1901–1981).
2957:
2956:Jacques Lacan
2954:
2951:
2948:(1900–2002).
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:(1898–1979).
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:(1895-1973).
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2853:Rudolf Carnap
2851:
2848:
2845:(1891–1937).
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2811:(1889–1951).
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:(1885–1971).
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:(1883–1969).
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2741:Vienna Circle
2738:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2727:Vienna Circle
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:(1881–1973).
2714:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:(1878-1956).
2682:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:(1874–1945).
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:(1874–1948).
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:(1872–1970).
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:(1870–1919).
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:(1869–1940).
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:(1864–1936).
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2551:(1863–1952).
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:(1863–1931).
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:Mathematician
2514:
2511:(1861–1947).
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Anthroposophy
2502:(1861–1925).
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:(1860–1935).
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:(1859–1952).
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:(1859–1941).
2465:
2464:Henri Bergson
2462:
2459:
2458:phenomenology
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:(1858–1917).
2439:
2436:
2433:
2432:Structuralism
2429:
2425:
2422:(1857–1913).
2421:
2418:
2415:
2414:Sigmund Freud
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2389:Gottlob Frege
2387:
2384:
2381:(1848–1923).
2380:
2377:
2374:
2373:F. H. Bradley
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:(1842–1921).
2352:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:(1842-1918).
2338:
2337:Hermann Cohen
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:(1842–1910).
2324:
2323:William James
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:(1839–1914).
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:, formulated
2238:
2235:(1818–1883).
2234:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:(1817–1862).
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:(1813–1855).
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:(1810–1850).
2184:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:(1809–1882).
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:(1809–1865).
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:(1806–1873).
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:(1806–1871).
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:(1806–1856).
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2091:(1803–1882).
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2065:(1798–1857).
2064:
2063:Auguste Comte
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:(1775–1854).
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:(1773–1836).
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:(1770–1831).
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:(1768–1834).
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:(1760–1825).
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:(1749–1827).
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1840:Immanuel Kant
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:(1723–1789).
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:(1715–1771).
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:Denis Diderot
1780:
1777:
1774:(1712–1778).
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:(1711–1776).
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:(1709–1751).
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:David Hartley
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:(1689–1755).
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:(1685–1753).
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:(1679–1754).
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:(1647–1706).
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:(1638–1715).
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:(1632–1694).
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:(1632–1677).
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:(1623–1673).
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:Blaise Pascal
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:Heliocentrism
1488:(1596–1650).
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:(1592–1655).
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:Thomas Hobbes
1460:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:(1588–1653).
1441:
1440:Robert Filmer
1438:
1435:
1432:(1588–1648).
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:(1583–1645).
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:(1571–1630).
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:(1561–1626).
1381:
1380:Francis Bacon
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1368:heliocentrism
1365:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:(1533–1592).
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1315:Martin Luther
1313:
1310:
1307:(1478–1535).
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:(1473–1543).
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:(1469–1527).
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:(1466–1536).
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:(1407–1457).
1238:
1237:Lorenzo Valla
1235:
1232:
1229:(1401–1464).
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1184:Nicole Oresme
1182:
1179:
1178:John Wycliffe
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:, creator of
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:mathematician
1057:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
978:
975:
972:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
952:
951:Peter Lombard
949:
946:
942:
941:Peter Abelard
939:
936:
933:
929:
925:
922:
919:
915:
911:
910:Mathematician
907:
903:
899:
896:
893:
889:
885:
882:
879:
875:
872:
871:
867:
862:
859:
856:
852:
849:
846:
842:
839:
837:
833:
830:
827:
823:
819:
816:
813:
809:
805:
802:
799:
795:
791:
790:John the Scot
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
771:
768:
765:
761:
758:
756:(c. 680-750).
755:
752:
749:
745:
742:
739:
736:
735:
731:
726:
722:(c. 490–570).
721:
718:
716:(c. 480–524).
715:
712:
709:
705:
702:
699:
695:
691:
688:
685:
681:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
661:
658:
655:
651:
647:
644:
641:
638:(121 – 180).
637:
634:
633:
629:
624:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
598:
595:
592:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
553:100 BC–100 AD
552:
547:
542:
539:
536:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
484:
481:
478:
474:
470:
467:
465:
462:. Founder of
461:
457:
454:
450:
447:
444:
440:
437:
434:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
410:
405:
400:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
352:
348:
345:
342:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:, understood
284:
280:
279:virtue ethics
276:
273:
270:
266:
262:
259:
256:
252:
248:
245:
242:
238:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
218:
215:
214:
210:
205:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
166:Ionian School
163:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
119:
115:
110:
105:
103:
101:
92:
88:
85:
81:
72:
69:
61:
51:
47:
41:
40:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
5947:
5933:
5604:
5595:Postcritique
5585:Kyoto School
5544:Posthumanism
5524:Hermeneutics
5379: /
5320:Contemporary
5296:Newtonianism
5259:Cartesianism
5218:Reductionism
5054:Conservatism
5049:Collectivism
4987:
4715:Sarvāstivadā
4693:Anekantavada
4618:Neoplatonism
4586:Epicureanism
4519:Pythagoreans
4458:Confucianism
4424:Contemporary
4414:Early modern
4318:Anti-realism
4272:Universalism
4229:Subjectivism
4025:Epistemology
3849:
3825:cite journal
3796:cite journal
3752:(born 1973).
3750:Nick Bostrom
3746:(born 1969).
3720:Antinatalist
3706:Ray Brassier
3692:(born 1959).
3686:(born 1959).
3668:queer theory
3652:(born 1953).
3612:Slavoj Žižek
3608:(born 1949).
3596:(born 1947).
3588:Bruno Latour
3574:Peter Singer
3536:form–of–life
3524:(1942–2017).
3522:Derek Parfit
3474:Thomas Nagel
3470:(born 1937).
3468:Alain Badiou
3464:(1935–2017).
3360:(1929–2015).
3316:Noam Chomsky
3266:Frantz Fanon
3222:(1919–2020).
3208:Russell Kirk
3166:Albert Camus
3148:Media theory
3140:(1911–1960).
3138:J. L. Austin
3128:(1909–1943).
3116:(1908–2000).
3074:(1906–1995).
3036:Raymond Aron
3000:(1902–2001).
2950:Hermeneutics
2942:(1900–1976).
2940:Gilbert Ryle
2899:Julius Evola
2895:(1897–1962).
2889:(1895–1985).
2881:Ernst Jünger
2849:philosopher.
2803:Carl Schmitt
2793:(1886–1968).
2787:philosopher.
2781:Georg Lukács
2777:(1884–1962).
2765:Karl Jaspers
2749:(1882–1950).
2737:Otto Neurath
2707:evolutionist
2699:(1881-1973).
2671:Martin Buber
2667:philosopher.
2589:Emma Goldman
2585:(1866–1952).
2496:(1861–1916).
2494:Pierre Duhem
2450:(1858–1932).
2408:Josiah Royce
2404:(1854–1912).
2279:(1833–1911).
2265:Ernest Renan
2227:abolitionist
2119:(1805–1859).
2113:(1804–1872).
2097:abolitionist
2033:(1781–1848).
1975:(1766–1817).
1969:(1762–1814).
1953:(1759–1805).
1928:Conservative
1926:(1753–1821)
1898:(1744–1803).
1892:(1743–1819).
1870:(1730–1788).
1862:Edmund Burke
1858:(1729–1781).
1812:(1717–1783).
1806:(1715–1780).
1790:(1714–1762).
1784:(1713–1784).
1734:(1705–1757).
1651:(1671–1713).
1645:(1670–1722).
1639:(1668–1744).
1631:Jean Meslier
1621:Pierre Bayle
1601:(1643–1727).
1599:Isaac Newton
1549:(1627–1691).
1547:Robert Boyle
1519:(1613-1680).
1420:Hugo Grotius
1251:Neoplatonist
1168:Jean Buridan
1134:Original Sin
1102:Ibn Taymiyya
1070:Aristotelian
898:Omar Khayyam
812:Neoplatonist
794:neoplatonist
778:Neoplatonism
708:Neoplatonist
698:Original Sin
694:Neoplatonist
680:neoplatonist
664:Neoplatonist
601:Christianity
525:Eratosthenes
464:Epicureanism
429:Theophrastus
283:epistemology
227:Zeno of Elea
145:
100:philosophers
97:
91:philosophers
90:
83:
64:
55:
36:
15:
5590:Objectivism
5529:Neo-Marxism
5491:Continental
5401:Meta-ethics
5381:Coherentism
5286:Hegelianism
5223:Rationalism
5183:Natural law
5163:Materialism
5089:Historicism
5059:Determinism
4950:Navya-Nyāya
4725:Sautrāntika
4720:Pudgalavada
4656:Vaisheshika
4509:Presocratic
4409:Renaissance
4348:Physicalism
4333:Materialism
4239:Normativity
4224:Objectivism
4209:Emergentism
4199:Behaviorism
4148:Metaphysics
4114:Determinism
4053:Rationalism
3650:Cornel West
3500:Saul Kripke
3488:Libertarian
3462:Jerry Fodor
3438:John Searle
3376:Allan Bloom
3372:(1929-2017)
3300:biopolitics
3246:Thomas Kuhn
3192:Coherentist
3176:Paul Ricœur
3154:Alan Turing
3126:Simone Weil
3110:, feminist.
3088:H.L.A. Hart
3056:Objectivist
3006:(1902-1983)
3004:Eric Hoffer
2988:Karl Popper
2972:philosopher
2927:Leo Strauss
2915:C. S. Lewis
2797:René Guénon
2713:Hans Kelsen
2649:Max Scheler
2623:G. E. Moore
2529:Panpsychism
2484:Jane Addams
2187:Egalitarian
2147:Utilitarian
2123:Max Stirner
2101:egalitarian
2015:Utilitarian
1918:Determinist
1820:Materialist
1798:Utilitarian
1752:Thomas Reid
1746:determinist
1742:Materialist
1707:utilitarian
1669:rationalist
1665:Determinist
1657:(1674-1723)
1643:John Toland
1563:Rationalism
1537:Materialist
1498:rationalism
1476:Mechanicism
1424:Natural law
1410:Molla-Sadra
1346:theologian.
1340:John Calvin
1216:philosophy.
1214:neoplatonic
1212:scholar of
1190:Ibn Khaldun
1122:Duns Scotus
1086:Ramon Llull
1076:Bonaventure
1052:Roger Bacon
890:. Produced
874:Ibn Gabirol
832:Saadia Gaon
822:Rationalist
727:Middle Ages
682:. Espoused
535:probability
477:Materialist
453:Materialist
433:Peripatetic
337:Antisthenes
269:Determinist
138:Anaximander
84:Timeline of
50:introducing
5889:Amerindian
5796:Australian
5735:Vietnamese
5715:Indonesian
5264:Kantianism
5213:Positivism
5203:Pragmatism
5178:Naturalism
5158:Liberalism
5136:Subjective
5074:Empiricism
4978:Avicennism
4923:Bhedabheda
4807:East Asian
4730:Madhyamaka
4710:Abhidharma
4576:Pyrrhonism
4343:Nominalism
4338:Naturalism
4267:Skepticism
4257:Relativism
4247:Absolutism
4176:Naturalism
4086:Deontology
4058:Skepticism
4043:Naturalism
4033:Empiricism
3997:Aesthetics
3901:Philosophy
3784:References
3633:Ken Wilber
3540:Homo sacer
3414:Pragmatism
3404:Guy Debord
3236:John Rawls
3132:A. J. Ayer
3066:Kurt Gödel
2791:Karl Barth
2557:naturalism
2553:Pragmatism
2539:Pragmatism
2488:Pragmatist
2478:Pragmatism
2474:John Dewey
2327:Pragmatism
2311:Pragmatist
2295:Ernst Mach
2283:T.H. Green
2071:positivist
2011:James Mill
1830:Adam Smith
1762:Empiricist
1758:David Hume
1744:, genetic
1683:empiricist
1625:Pyrrhonist
1583:Empiricist
1579:John Locke
1480:Empiricist
1448:monarchist
1444:Absolutist
1384:Empiricist
1322:theologian
1172:Nominalist
1158:Nominalist
1154:Scholastic
1150:Franciscan
1130:Scholastic
1126:Franciscan
1080:Franciscan
1056:Empiricist
1039:Empiricist
993:Suhrawardi
977:Maimonides
961:Ibn Tufail
955:Scholastic
945:Scholastic
924:Al-Ghazali
764:Scholastic
654:Pyrrhonist
575:Quintilian
515:Chrysippus
509:Archimedes
417:Xenocrates
411:300–200 BC
383:Speusippus
347:Aristippus
315:Democritus
255:relativism
247:Protagoras
217:Empedocles
200:Anaxagoras
194:Parmenides
188:Epicharmus
182:Heraclitus
172:Xenophanes
162:Pythagoras
116:600–500 BC
89:| Western
33:references
5768:Pakistani
5730:Taiwanese
5677:Ethiopian
5650:By region
5636:By region
5451:Scientism
5446:Systemics
5306:Spinozism
5233:Socialism
5168:Modernism
5131:Objective
5039:Anarchism
4973:Averroism
4862:Christian
4814:Neotaoism
4785:Zurvanism
4775:Mithraism
4770:Mazdakism
4541:Cyrenaics
4468:Logicians
4101:Free will
4063:Solipsism
4010:Formalism
3734:Nietzsche
3696:Nick Land
3644:1950–2000
3494:Tom Regan
3170:Absurdist
2934:1900–1950
2655:Carl Jung
2617:nontheist
2593:Anarchist
2567:Max Weber
2561:aphorisms
2428:Semiotics
2396:1850–1900
2237:Socialist
2233:Karl Marx
2173:Scientist
2157:Anarchist
2127:Anarchist
2083:1800–1850
2045:Absurdist
1961:Socialist
1593:Cartesian
1575:theorist.
1434:Cartesian
1426:theorist.
1400:Scientist
1295:Scientist
1275:free will
1210:Byzantine
1046:1200–1300
1013:Fibonacci
1003:Ibn Arabi
868:1000–1100
841:Al-Biruni
804:al–Faràbi
798:pantheist
740:(c. 500).
619:Epictetus
569:Epicurean
565:Lucretius
531:Carneades
423:Aristotle
287:dialectic
261:Leucippus
241:solipsism
221:Pluralist
204:Pluralist
58:July 2022
5970:Category
5954:Category
5909:Yugoslav
5899:Romanian
5806:Scottish
5791:American
5720:Japanese
5700:Buddhist
5682:Africana
5672:Egyptian
5514:Feminist
5436:Rawlsian
5431:Quietism
5329:Analytic
5281:Krausism
5188:Nihilism
5153:Kokugaku
5116:Absolute
5111:Idealism
5099:Humanism
4887:Occamism
4854:European
4799:Medieval
4745:Yogacara
4705:Buddhist
4698:Syādvāda
4581:Stoicism
4546:Cynicism
4534:Sophists
4529:Atomists
4524:Eleatics
4463:Legalism
4404:Medieval
4328:Idealism
4282:Ontology
4262:Nihilism
4166:Idealism
3924:Branches
3913:Branches
3757:See also
3710:Nihilist
3664:feminist
3624:Lacanian
3554:Feminism
3220:M. Bunge
3052:Ayn Rand
2685:Logician
2521:Logician
2468:Vitalism
2424:Linguist
2223:pacifist
2137:Logician
2105:humanist
1713:Voltaire
1697:humanist
1679:Idealist
1615:calculus
1541:feminist
1354:Humanist
1309:Humanist
1271:Humanist
1261:humanist
1241:Humanist
967:Averroes
906:Agnostic
861:Ibn Hazm
851:Ibn Sina
845:polymath
824:. Major
770:Al-Kindi
714:Boethius
670:Porphyry
660:Plotinus
613:Plutarch
519:Stoicism
487:Stoicism
460:hedonist
449:Epicurus
361:Xenophon
355:Cyrenaic
341:Cynicism
331:Cratylus
293:Prodicus
275:Socrates
5904:Russian
5873:Spanish
5868:Slovene
5858:Maltese
5853:Italian
5833:Finland
5801:British
5783:Western
5773:Turkish
5758:Islamic
5753:Iranian
5705:Chinese
5692:Eastern
5659:African
5606:more...
5291:Marxism
5121:British
5064:Dualism
4960:Islamic
4918:Advaita
4908:Vedanta
4882:Scotism
4877:Thomism
4819:Tiantai
4762:Persian
4750:Tibetan
4740:Śūnyatā
4681:Cārvāka
4671:Ājīvika
4666:Mīmāṃsā
4646:Samkhya
4561:Academy
4514:Ionians
4488:Yangism
4445:Chinese
4436:Ancient
4399:Western
4394:Ancient
4353:Realism
4310:Reality
4300:Process
4181:Realism
4161:Dualism
4156:Atomism
4038:Fideism
3620:Marxism
3480:theory.
3240:Liberal
2970:Marxist
2847:Marxist
2785:Marxist
2665:fascist
2603:Marxist
1824:atheist
1766:skeptic
1693:Skeptic
1358:skeptic
1029:Ascetic
818:al-Razi
732:500–900
704:Proclus
684:theurgy
650:Skeptic
630:100–400
473:Atheist
456:Atomist
443:Skeptic
319:Atomist
309:Sophist
305:Hippias
299:Critias
265:Atomist
251:Sophist
237:Sophist
233:Gorgias
178:school.
176:Eleatic
146:Apeiron
87:Eastern
46:improve
5863:Polish
5843:German
5838:French
5823:Danish
5813:Canada
5763:Jewish
5725:Korean
5710:Indian
5252:People
5173:Monism
5126:German
5094:Holism
5027:Modern
5005:Jewish
4928:Dvaita
4901:Indian
4824:Huayan
4676:Ajñana
4633:Indian
4498:Greco-
4483:Taoism
4473:Mohism
4419:Modern
4386:By era
4375:By era
4290:Action
4171:Monism
4091:Virtue
4073:Ethics
3538:, and
3478:Qualia
2041:Critic
1110:jurist
1096:mystic
932:Mystic
884:Anselm
760:Alcuin
559:Cicero
499:Euclid
439:Pyrrho
371:polity
351:Cyrene
211:400 BC
122:Thales
35:, but
5894:Aztec
5848:Greek
5828:Dutch
5818:Czech
5667:Bantu
5104:Anti-
4651:Nyaya
4641:Hindu
4501:Roman
4295:Event
3937:Logic
918:Poets
640:Stoic
623:Stoic
591:Stoic
581:Philo
399:Cynic
367:Plato
281:. In
4995:Sufi
4829:Chan
4688:Jain
4661:Yoga
4191:Mind
4131:Hard
4119:Hard
3838:help
3809:help
3622:and
1720:1700
1505:1600
1334:1500
1221:1400
5269:Neo
4834:Zen
503:fl.
349:of
5972::
3829::
3827:}}
3823:{{
3800::
3798:}}
3794:{{
3736:,
3732:,
3666:,
3662:,
3618:,
3580:,
3556:,
3552:,
3534:,
3454:,
3430:,
3416:,
3340:,
3294:,
3290:,
3058:,
2819:,
2815:,
2729:,
2615:,
2555:,
2541:,
2527:,
2523:,
2519:,
2515:,
2430:,
2426:,
2343:,
2329:,
2225:,
2221:,
2103:,
2099:,
2095:,
2069:,
2043:,
1822:,
1764:,
1695:,
1681:,
1667:,
1539:,
1496:,
1492:,
1478:.
1454:.
1450:,
1446:,
1356:,
1156:.
1152:.
1132:,
1128:,
1108:,
1058:,
930:.
912:.
908:.
904:.
810:.
796:,
696:.
652:,
475:,
458:,
267:,
3893:e
3886:t
3879:v
3840:)
3836:(
3811:)
3807:(
3740:.
3722:.
3712:.
3702:.
3680:.
3670:.
3639:.
3629:.
3584:.
3570:.
3560:.
3542:.
3518:.
3490:.
3458:.
3444:.
3420:.
3394:.
3354:.
3344:.
3312:.
3302:.
3262:.
3252:.
3242:.
3232:.
3204:.
3172:.
3150:.
3094:.
3084:.
3062:.
3048:.
3026:.
3016:.
2994:.
2962:.
2952:.
2911:.
2877:.
2833:.
2771:.
2743:.
2733:.
2719:.
2709:.
2687:.
2677:.
2645:.
2635:.
2595:.
2579:.
2563:.
2545:.
2531:.
2490:.
2480:.
2470:.
2460:.
2444:.
2434:.
2385:.
2357:.
2347:.
2333:.
2313:.
2243:.
2229:.
2199:.
2189:.
2179:.
2159:.
2149:.
2139:.
2129:.
2107:.
2073:.
2047:.
2027:.
2017:.
2001:.
1985:.
1963:.
1920:.
1880:.
1852:.
1836:.
1826:.
1800:.
1768:.
1748:.
1709:.
1699:.
1685:.
1671:.
1627:.
1617:.
1595:.
1565:.
1543:.
1529:.
1500:.
1482:.
1458:.
1436:.
1416:.
1406:.
1386:.
1370:.
1360:.
1324:.
1301:.
1287:.
1277:.
1263:.
1233:.
1202:.
1174:.
1164:.
1136:.
1098:.
1082:.
1072:.
1062:.
1041:.
1031:.
999:.
983:.
973:.
957:.
934:.
920:.
880:.
857:.
847:.
814:.
800:.
780:.
766:.
750:.
710:.
686:.
656:.
642:.
603:.
593:.
571:.
521:.
501:(
489:.
479:.
445:.
435:.
401:.
321:.
311:.
271:.
257:.
243:.
223:.
206:.
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
42:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.