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the joint Korean-Mongolian team in the Gobi Desert. He contacted the researchers and it was found that the strange, privately owned fossils fit together with the 2009 specimen like puzzle pieces. The collector was willing to part with the specimens after being informed of their scientific value. After obtaining the specimens, Escuillié donated them to the Royal
Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences where Godefroit worked.
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1472:. This specimen is now catalogued as MPC-D 100/127. Like the 2006 Deinocheirus find, MPC-D 100/127 also been damaged by fossil poachers, who stole its skull, hands, and feet. The stolen specimens were later found to have been sold to a Japanese collector, who then resold the fossils to a German collector.
844:
Osmolska and others interpreted ornithomimosaurs as carnivores due to their membership in the theropoda, however, because of their beaked jaws were toothless he felt that only the smallest vertebrates and insects were suitable as prey. He also thought that ornithomimosaurs may have supplemented their
809:
Russell concluded based on ornithomimid pelvic and leg anatomy that they could achieve similar running speeds to modern ostriches, but would not have been as maneuverable. He also observed that since the ornithomimosaur pelvic canal is wide compared to that of other dinosaur groups they may have laid
1268:
of Late
Jurassic Tanzania was actually a coelophysoid rather than a primitive ornithomimosaur as interpreted by Russell. He also drew some conclusions regarding ornithomimosaur biogeography, noting that they apparently crossed the Bering land bridge less readily than hadrosaurs and pachycephalosaurs
1039:
Barsbold and
Osmolska performed the first phylogenetic analysis of the internal evolutionary relationships of ornithomimosaurs. They also noted that unlike modern ratite birds, the tip of an ornithomimosaur's beak has a "deep edge". Barsbold and Osmolska further observed that ornithomimosaur remains
851:
Russell interpreted ornithomimosaurs as carnivores due to their membership in the theropoda, however, because of their beaked jaws were toothless he felt that only the smallest vertebrates and insects were suitable as prey. He also thought that ornithomimosaurs may have supplemented their diets with
1604:
Deinocheirus was a heavily built, non-cursorial animal with an elongate snout, a deep jaw, tall neural spines, a pygostyle, a U-shaped furcula, an expanded pelvis for strong muscle attachments, a relatively short hind limb and broad-tipped pedal unguals. Ecomorphological features in the skull, more
905:
Nicholls and
Russell that ornithomimosaurs had little ability to rotate their forearms. This is evidence against the idea that ornithomimosaurs could use their arms to rake or dig. They also thought the first and second digits were somewhat opposable. The researchers concluded that ornithomimosaurs
2552:
Allain, R.; Vullo, R.; Phillips, G.; Rolke, R.; Bourgeais,R.; Bourgeais,R.; Goedert, J.; Anquintin, J.; Lasseron, M.; Vullo, R.; Martin, J. E.; Perez-Garcia,A.; Peyre de
Fabregues, C.; Royo-Torres, R.; Augier, D.; Bailly, G.; Cazes, L.; Despresy, Y.; Galliegue, A.; Gomez,B.; Goussard, F.; Lenglet,
1524:
French fossil dealer François
Escuillié noticed some unusual fossils kept by a private collector in Europe. He alerted Belgian paleontologist Pascal Godefroit about the strange finds. Godefroit realized that these fossils might be those poached from the Deinocheirus specimens recently excavated by
1260:
Padian and other researchers published a paper noting that Paul Sereno's revised definition of the
Ornithomimosauria was basically the same as that of a clade proposed in 1996 by Thom Holtz called the Arctometatarsalia. Padian and the others proposed a new redefinition of Ornithomimosauria as the
1082:
remains. They also noted that some fossil eggs discovered at Iren Debasu in China may have been laid by ornithomimosaurs. However, without ornithomimosaur skeletal remains of either adults who could have laid the eggs or embryos inside them there is no solid evidence for this
2877:
Li Xu, Yoshitsugu
Kobayashi, Junchang LĂĽ, Yuong-Nam Lee, Yongqing Liu, Kohei Tanaka, Xingliao Zhang, Songhai Jia and Jiming Zhang (2011). "A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China".
1149:, finding it to be more primitive than either one. IT was so primitive that it retained teeth. The tip of its jaws were filled 220 tiny teeth. The researchers interpreted these teeth as acting like a "cutting and ripping blade". They also debunked the idea that
1331:
that may have been used for filter feeding. If so, it would be the largest terrestrial filter feeder in history. They also observed that ornithomimosaurs seem to have been rare or absent in relatively dry paleoenvironments, like that of the
1261:
node based clade including those dinosaur descended from the most recent common ancestor shared by
Pelecanimimus and Ornithomimus. This definition preserved the classification of the traditional ostrich dinosaurs as members.
2597:
Buffetaut, E.; Suteethorn, V.; Tong, H. (2009). "An early 'ostrich dinosaur' (Theropoda: Ornithomimosauria) from the Early
Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of NE Thailand". In Buffetaut, E.; Cuny, G.; Suteethorn, V. (eds.).
1444:
The Korea-Mongolia International Dinosaur Project discovered a new specimen of the mysterious Mongolian dinosaur Deinocheirus, specimen now catalogued as MPC-D 100/128. This specimen had also been damaged by fossil
1276:. The presence, abundance, and size of the gastroliths were all similar to those of modern herbivorous and filter feeding birds. Likewise there was no evidence for vertebrate prey in the diet of
2681:
Jin Liyong, Chen Jun & Pascal Godefroit (2012). "A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China". In Godefroit, P. (ed.).
1280:, which could have come in the form of bone fragments or apatite in the sediments enclosing the gastroliths. The remains of multiple individuals were recovered from a bonebed in Ulansuhai.
1765:
Nottrodt describes the first articulated ornithomimid remains found from the Scollard Formation, TMP 1993.104.1, which represent a juvenile specimen, extending the stratigraphic range of
1043:
Smith and Galton proposed a redefinition of the ornithomimidae that would include all taxa then regarded as ornithomimosaurian. Most scientists did not follow this suggestion, however.
2555:"Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): Implications for continental faunal turnover at the J/K boundary"
1200:
of Late Triassic Texas was the world's oldest and most primitive ornithomimosaur because the anatomy of its braincase and palate were inconsistent with that of an ornithomimosaur.
971:
Nicholls and Russel noted similarities in the beaks of ornithomimosaurs and modern ratite birds and suggested that ornithomimosaurs may have shared the birds' herbivorous diet.
542:, for this species. Osborn put forth early speculations on the diet of ornithomimosaurs. He considered three possible diets: plants, social insects, and aquatic invertebrates.
1239:. This definition would have vastly expanded the membership of Ornithomimosauria to not only include the ostrich dinosaurs but the alvarezsaurs and therizinosaurs as well.
2913:
1246:
with those of spinosaurids and proposed that it may actually be a member of that group rather than an ornithomimosaur. This reclassification met with little support.
2652:
270:
has led to controversy among paleontologists trying to reconstruct the diet of ornithomimosaurs. Osborn hypothesized in 1917 that ornithomimosaurs may have eaten
332:
that may have been used for filter feeding, bringing renewed credibility to one of Osborn's 1917 hypotheses. If this interpretation of the evidence is correct,
1772:
Allian and others describe the Berriasian age Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte of France, which is dominated by an ornithomimosaur herd of at least 70 individuals.
728:
The type specimen of the dinosaur that would later be named Deinocheirus mirificus was discovered by Polish–Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition in Mongolia.
1141:. The species was the first known ornithomimosaur from Europe. The researchers performed a cladistic analysis to uncover its evolutionary relationship with
2781:
2278:
V.R. Alifanov; S.V. Saveliev (2015). "The Most Ancient Ornithomimosaur (Theropoda, Dinosauria), with Cover Imprints from the Upper Jurassic of Russia".
659:. This was the first known ornithomimosaur to be discovered in Asia. The remains of multiple individuals were recovered from a bonebed at Iren Dabasu.
3005:
622:
1605:
than a thousand gastroliths, and stomach contents (fish remains) suggest that Deinocheirus was a megaomnivore that lived in mesic environments.
237:
114:
1324:
Norell and others performed a cladistic analysis of the Coelurosauria. The researchers included five ornithomimosaur taxa in this analysis.
2517:
Rachel E. Nottrodt (2022). "First articulated ornithomimid specimens from the upper Maastrichtian Scollard Formation of Alberta, Canada".
211:
revealed the existence of primitive ornithomimosaurs outside of the Ornithomimidae proper. Subsequent research and discoveries during the
1794:
1394:
Xu and others performed a cladistic analysis of the Coelurosauria. The researchers included five ornithomimosaur taxa in this analysis.
2804:
2667:
2624:
1799:
1231:
Sereno proposed a radical redefinition of the Ornithomimosauria as a stem based clade including all dinosaurs more closely related to
2795:
Makovicky, Peter J.; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Currie, Philip J. (2004). Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; OsmĂłlska, Halszka (eds.).
2411:
Serrano-Brañas, C.I.; Espinosa-Cha´vez, B.; Maccracken, S.A.; Gutie´rrez-Blando, C.; de Leo´n-Da´ vila, C.; Ventura, J.F. (2020). "
1348:. He noted new features in the "paper thin" jaw and corrects minor mistakes made in previous reconstructions of the lower jaw of
3000:
1178:
1017:
1762:
Tsogtbaatar and others describe ornithomimosaur materials from the Upper Cretaceous Santonian Eutaw Formation of Appalachia.
1659:
279:
212:
208:
63:
1414:. The researchers also performed a cladistic analysis of coelurosaur evolutionary relationships, including ornithomimosaurs.
1639:
1321:
of Late Jurassic Tanzania was actually a coelophysoid rather than a primitive ornithomimosaur as interpreted by Russell.
2933:
1600:
Yuong-Nam Lee and others described the life appearance and paleobiology of Deinocheirus, characterizing it as follows:
1461:
1426:
Kobayashi and Lu performed a cladistic analysis including all ornithomimosaurs then recognized, with the exception of
2321:
ReBecca K. Hunt; James H. Quinn (2018). "A new ornithomimosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Trinity Group of Arkansas".
784:
Russell published a review of the Late Cretaceous ornithomimids from North America. He also described the new genus
2941:
2412:
589:
508:
2415:, a large deinocheirid ornithomimosaur from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Coahuila, Mexico".
2995:
2979:
1410:
682:
230:
24:
1787:
1630:
1117:
2834:
Makovicky, Peter J.; Li, Daqing; Gao, Ke-Qin; Lewin, Matthew; Erickson, Gregory M.; Norell, Mark A. (2010).
1782:
1222:
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were more common in wetter environments like Iren Debasu and Dinosaur Park Formation than more arid regions.
997:
561:
243:
evidence mounted against Russell's hypothesis that ornithomimosaurs were descended from a close relative of
66:, the first ornithomimosaur to be recognized as belonging to a new family distinct from other theropods was
36:
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Escuillié and Godefroit returned the recovered poached Deinocheirus remains to the Mongolian government.
1419:
1365:
974:
Nicholls and Russell enumerated a list of anatomical traits shared by Deinocheirus and ornithomimosaurs.
609:
400:
73:
1046:
Thulborn noted that estimates for ornithomimosaur running speeds puts them between 35 and 60 km/h.
143:. More Asian discoveries took place even later in the 20th century, including the disembodied arms of
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Kobayashi and others reported the discovery of gastroliths in the dinosaur that would later be named
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of Tanzania was a primitive ornithomimosaur. This species would later be shown to be a coelophysoid.
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1747:, the first deinocheirid ornithomimosaur from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation of Coahuila, Mexico.
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632:
485:
405:
350:
299:
140:
131:
68:
2460:"Large-bodied ornithomimosaurs inhabited Appalachia during the Late Cretaceous of North America"
62:. Although fragmentary, probable, ornithomimosaur fossils had been described as far back as the
2865:
2800:
2760:
2499:
1121:. He interpreted the unusual reptile as the world's oldest and most primitive ornithomimosaur.
251:. Paleontologists found that within the theropod family tree, ornithomimosaurs were primitive
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229:, the first known ornithomimosaur from that continent and apparently a very evolutionarily
18:
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to be a primitive ornithomimosaur. This species would later be shown to be a coelophysoid.
308:
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A paper by Galton and others accepted Russell's opinion that the Late Jurassic theropod
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2602:. Special Publications. Vol. 315. London: Geological Society. pp. 229–243.
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Osmolska and others suggested that ornithomimosaurs could use their forearms to dig.
814:
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1559:
372:
252:
179:
81:
40:
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2530:
2342:
1087:
937:
344:
2484:
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1468:
The Korea-Mongolia International Dinosaur Project discovered another specimen of
286:, and her colleagues considered ornithomimosaurs carnivores that may have fed on
2657:
1572:
1487:
448:
325:
302:
began advocating a reinterpretation of ornithomimosaurs as herbivores. With the
291:
263:
197:
1021:
The beaks of ornithomimosaurs had deeper tips than ratites like the skull this
2368:(Dinosauria: Theropoda) skeleton with comments on the validity of the genus".
2299:
1381:
1295:
981:
to the scientific literature, this one from the Kaiparowits Formation in Utah.
820:
737:
313:
203:
1720:, and a study on the validity of this genus is published by Macdonald &
1357:
957:. Barsbold and Perle added the family Harpymimidae to the ornithomimosauria.
240:
167:
52:
2869:
2851:
2764:
2503:
2389:
1368:
would prevent any movement in the front and rear portions of the lower jaw.
1216:
498:
2928:
2729:(2014). "Resolving the Long-Standing Enigmas of the Giant Ornithomimosaur
2458:
Tsogtbaatar, C.; Cullen, T.; Phillips, G.; Rolke, R.; Zanno, L.E. (2022).
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
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2036:
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2028:
2026:
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1824:
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1353:
764:
Osmolska and Roniewicz, and Barsbold described the new genus and species
741:
183:
88:
85:
2756:
1074:
Currie and Eberth suggested that some fossils once thought to belong to
1135:
Perez-Moreno and other researchers described the new genus and species
1107:
1022:
536:
specimen in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta. He erected a new genus,
287:
122:
57:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
835:
Osmolska, Roniewicz, and Barsbold described the new genus and species
2782:"With extra-long arms, Deinocheirus mirificus was one weird dinosaur"
2607:
1317:
Thom Holtz performed another cladistic analysis which concluded that
271:
226:
192:
155:. The formal naming of the Ornithomimosauria itself was performed by
1459:
Buffetaut, Suteethorn, and Tong described the new genus and species
1342:
published a detailed description of a complete lower jaw bone from
1101:
2799:(2nd ed.). University of California Press. pp. 137–150.
2364:
Ian Macdonald; Philip J. Currie (2019). "Description of a partial
1565:
1552:
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1288:
1215:
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1016:
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813:
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497:
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343:
267:
233:
96:
17:
1643:
from the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Transbaikal Area, Russia.
1203:
Osmolska published on ornithomimosaur evolutionary relationships.
2683:
Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems
2668:"Bigger Than A T. Rex, With A Duck's Bill, Huge Arms And A Hump"
1327:
Norell and others reported a comb-like structure in the beak of
1264:
Paul Sereno performed a cladistic analysis which concluded that
195:
was an ancestral relative of ornithomimids. The descriptions of
118:
48:
802:
Russell regarded a Late Jurassic theropod from Tanzania called
2672:
1628:
Serrano-Brañas and others described the new genus and species
312:, came further support for reinterpreting ornithomimosaurs as
295:
2646:. Life of the Past. Indiana University Press. pp. 34–41.
1408:
Ji and other researchers described the new genus and species
1060:
Yacobucci performed a cladistic analysis of ornithomimosaurs.
215:
refined science's knowledge of ornithomimosaur evolution. In
117:, significant ornithomimosaur discoveries began occurring in
2836:"A giant ornithomimosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China"
1580:
Jin, Chen and Godefroit described the new genus and species
891:. He added the family Garudimimidae to the ornithomimosaurs.
1657:
Tsogtbaatar and others described the new genus and species
336:
would be the largest terrestrial filter feeder in history.
1637:
Alifanov and Saveliev describe the new theropod dinosaur,
1156:
Rich and Vickers-Rich described the new genus and species
2140:
2138:
1504:
Makovicky and others described the new genus and species
262:
The juxtaposition of apparent evolutionary affinities to
906:
could use their arms to "gras branches and fern fronds."
2840:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1242:
Taquet and Russell noted commonalities in the teeth of
951:
Barsbold and Perle described the new genus and species
810:
only a few large eggs or even gave birth to live young.
1115:
Sankar Chatterjee described the new genus and species
2939:
1417:
Kobayashi and Lu described the new genus and species
2090:
2078:
2040:
2013:
1994:
1951:
1939:
1908:
1855:
1832:
977:
DeCourten and Russell reported a second specimen of
2625:"Stolen dinosaur head reveals weird hybrid species"
2553:T.; Vacant, R.; Mazan; Tour-nepiche, J.-F. (2022).
2176:
2101:
2099:
1686:Hunt and Quinn described the new genus and species
2600:Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia
2201:
2199:
2197:
1534:Xu and others described the new genus and species
298:. In the early to mid 1980s, however Russell and
99:did not happen until nearly 30 years later, when
2653:"Menacing dinosaur turns out to be gentle giant"
1602:
1352:. Hurum suggests that a "large widening of the
1196:Rauhut rejected Sankar Chatterjee's claim that
828:Ostrom "tentatively" classified the mysterious
2685:. Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487.
866:Barsbold formally named the Ornithomimosauria.
328:reported a comb-like structure in the beak of
95:. The description of a second ornithomimosaur
995:Barsbold described the new genus and species
885:Barsbold described the new genus and species
790:and classified two different species therein.
84:ornithomimosaurs were one of the first major
8:
2912:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2253:
2148:; "Abstract," page 257. For expedition, see
415:and erected a new family to house them, the
35:is a chronological listing of events in the
1997:; "Table 6.1: Ornithomimosauria", page 138.
1835:; "Table 6.1: Ornithomimosauria", page 139.
1666:Sereno described the new genus and species
528:reported the discovery of a more complete "
266:dinosaurs with the possession of toothless
2642:". In Tanke, D. H.; Carpenter, K. (eds.).
506:published in a 1921 issue of the magazine
2859:
2743:(7526) (published 22 October 2014): 1–4.
2570:
2493:
2483:
2417:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
2188:
2081:; "Systematics and Evolution", page 148.
2016:; "Systematics and Evolution", page 147.
1911:; "Systematics and Evolution", page 146.
1714:16182, putatively assigned to the genus
255:closely related to, but outside of, the
2946:
2160:
2158:
2091:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
2079:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
2041:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
2014:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
1995:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
1952:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
1940:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
1909:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
1856:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
1833:Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie (2004)
1810:
306:report of gastroliths in the new genus
2905:
2822:
2812:
2666:Joyce, Christopher (22 October 2014).
2177:Buffetaut, Suteethorn, and Tong (2009)
236:. From the late 1990s into the early
7:
894:Nicholls and Russell concluded that
705:Lapparent described the new species
680:Sternberg described the new species
409:. He also described the new species
403:described the new genus and species
166:Early research into ornithomimosaur
33:timeline of ornithomimosaur research
2144:For date and catalogue number, see
1795:Timeline of oviraptorosaur research
1743:Serrano-Brañas and others describe
278:, or aquatic invertebrates. In the
247:, and favored an ancestry close to
2519:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2370:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2323:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2265:
2145:
2057:
1800:Timeline of therizinosaur research
653:Gilmore described the new species
14:
2241:
1176:Nessov described the new species
2973:
2961:
2949:
2927:
2638:Hurum, J. (2001). "Lower jaw of
1954:; "Paleobiology", pages 149-150.
793:Russell described the new genus
671:Parks described the new species
662:Parks described the new species
607:Parks described the new species
433:Marsh described the new species
2780:Khan, Amina (25 October 2014).
2651:Jiji, Kyodo (24 October 2014).
2572:10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a25
2254:Jin, Chen, and Godefroit (2012)
2217:
2205:
2149:
2129:
2117:
2105:
1364:. He also notes that the tight
1356:end of the prearticular" is an
1179:Archaeornithomimus bissektensis
91:groups to be recognized in the
3006:Timelines of theropod research
2229:
2164:
2053:
1660:Aepyornithomimus tugrikinensis
1:
2900:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004
2531:10.1080/02724634.2021.2019754
2343:10.1080/02724634.2017.1421209
2485:10.1371/journal.pone.0266648
2437:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102610
1640:Lepidocheirosaurus natatilis
2623:Hecht, Jeff (12 May 2014).
2280:Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal
2093:; "Biogeography", page 149.
2043:; "Paleobiology", page 150.
1942:; "Paleobiology", page 149.
1858:; "Introduction", page 137.
1462:Kinnareemimus khonkaenensis
320:rather than carnivores. In
3022:
2413:Paraxenisaurus normalensis
1745:Paraxenisaurus normalensis
1004:Paul tentatively regarded
590:Struthiomimus brevitertius
587:described the new species
564:described the new species
483:described the new species
375:described the new species
2300:10.1134/S0031030115060039
2132:; "Conclusions," page 40.
1411:Shenzhousaurus orientalis
683:Ornithomimus edmontonicus
282:paleontologists Russell,
25:Ornithomimus edmontonicus
2644:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
1788:Timeline of paleontology
1631:Tototlmimus packardensis
1570:Artist's restoration of
1557:Artist's restoration of
1220:Artistic restoration of
1198:Shuvosaurus inexpectatus
1118:Shuvosaurus inexpectatus
941:Artistic restoration of
502:An early restoration of
2268:; "Abstract," page 257.
2256:; "Abstract", page 467.
2244:; "Abstract", page 213.
2191:; "Abstract", page 191.
2189:Makovicky et al. (2010)
2179:; "Abstract", page 229.
2060:; "Abstract," page 257.
1783:History of paleontology
1223:Elaphrosaurus bambergii
1153:had a horn on its nose.
998:Anserimimus planinychus
562:Charles Whitney Gilmore
55:popularly known as the
3001:Paleontology timelines
2852:10.1098/rspb.2009.0236
2731:Deinocheirus mirificus
2727:Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar
2390:10.1139/cjes-2018-0162
2120:; "Abstract," page 35.
2108:; "Abstract," page 34.
2056:. For expedition, see
1614:
1613:
1576:
1563:
1491:
1390:
1319:Elaphrosaurus bambergi
1299:
1269:during the Cretaceous.
1266:Elaphrosaurus bambergi
1244:Pelecanimimus polyodon
1227:
1138:Pelecanimimus polyodon
1111:
1098:
1026:
1008:as an ornithomimosaur.
954:Harpymimus okladnikovi
947:
944:Harpymimus okladnikovi
922:Elaphrosaurus bambergi
832:as an ornithomimosaur.
830:Deinocheirus mirificus
824:
804:Elaphrosaurus bambergi
767:Deinocheirus mirificus
751:
747:Deinocheirus mirificus
708:Elaphrosaurus gautieri
665:Struthiomimus currelli
656:Ornithomimus asiaticus
640:
526:Henry Fairfield Osborn
512:
462:
354:
222:Pelecanimimus polyodon
146:Deinocheirus mirificus
101:Henry Fairfield Osborn
28:
2711:Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu
2208:; "Fossil smugglers".
1601:
1569:
1556:
1484:
1420:Sinornithomimus dongi
1384:
1366:intramandibular joint
1292:
1219:
1104:
1097:, compared to a human
1090:
1020:
940:
817:
740:
625:
610:Struthiomimus samueli
501:
451:
401:Othniel Charles Marsh
348:Holotype material of
347:
74:Othniel Charles Marsh
21:
2936:at Wikimedia Commons
1669:Afromimus tenerensis
1537:Qiupalong henanensis
1151:Garudimimus brevipes
888:Garudimimus brevipes
818:Life restoration of
674:Struthiomimus ingens
585:William Arthur Parks
460:Royal Ontario Museum
378:Coelosaurus antiquus
2892:2011CrRes..32..213X
2880:Cretaceous Research
2757:10.1038/nature13874
2749:2014Natur.515..257L
2723:Escuillié, François
2691:2012bdec.book.....G
2640:Gallimimus bullatus
2476:2022PLoSO..1766648T
2429:2020JSAES.10102610S
2382:2019CaJES..56..129M
2335:2018JVPal..38E1209H
2292:2015PalJ...49..636A
1689:Arkansaurus fridayi
1507:Beishanlong grandis
1362:Gallimimus bullatus
1345:Gallimimus bullatus
1334:Djadokhta Formation
838:Gallimimus bullatus
626:Skeletal mount of "
567:Coelosaurus affinis
455:Struthiomimus altus
436:Ornithomimus sedens
412:Ornithomimus tenuis
225:was described from
172:comparative anatomy
152:Gallimimus bullatus
2980:History of science
1706:Description of an
1577:
1564:
1492:
1485:Skeletal mount of
1391:
1300:
1228:
1112:
1099:
1091:Estimated size of
1076:Archaeornithomimus
1027:
979:Ornithomimus velox
948:
825:
796:Archaeornithomimus
752:
641:
633:Archaeornithomimus
513:
486:Ornithomimus altus
463:
406:Ornithomimus velox
355:
351:Ornithomimus velox
300:Elizabeth Nicholls
149:and the new genus
132:Archaeornithomimus
121:. The first was a
69:Ornithomimus velox
29:
2934:Ornithomimosauria
2932:Media related to
2846:(1679): 191–198.
2797:Ornithomimosauria
2719:Godefroit, Pascal
2707:Currie, Philip J.
2703:Barsbold, Rinchen
2266:Lee et al. (2014)
2146:Lee et al. (2014)
2058:Lee et al. (2014)
3013:
2996:Ornithomimosaurs
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2608:10.1144/SP315.16
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2470:(10): e0266648.
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2242:Xu et al. (2011)
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1033:
989:
965:
932:
914:
898:was the same as
879:
860:
845:diets with eggs.
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758:
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699:
647:
601:
578:
555:
519:
474:
458:skeleton at the
427:
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366:
284:Halszka Osmolska
182:argued that the
157:Rinchen Barsbold
45:ornithomimosaurs
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2779:
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2680:
2665:
2650:
2637:
2622:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2565:(25): 683–752.
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2550:
2546:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2329:(1): e1421209.
2320:
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2315:
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1769:within Alberta.
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1620:
1612:
1609:
1592:
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1516:
1496:
1479:
1451:
1436:
1400:
1387:Sinornithomimus
1374:
1309:
1305:
1287:
1278:Sinornithomimus
1274:Sinornithomimus
1252:
1209:
1188:
1168:
1159:Timimus hermani
1127:
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509:Natural History
496:
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342:
309:Sinornithomimus
113:. Later in the
72:, described by
43:focused on the
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11:
5:
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2922:External links
2920:
2919:
2918:
2886:(2): 213–222.
2874:
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2806:978-0520242098
2805:
2792:
2777:
2699:Lee, Yuong-Nam
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2366:Dromiceiomimus
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2052:For date, see
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1717:Dromiceiomimus
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1428:Shenzhousaurus
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1078:were actually
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896:Dromiceiomimus
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787:Dromiceiomimus
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417:Ornithomimidae
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276:social insects
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749:
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629:
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624:
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612:
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569:
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541:
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539:Struthiomimus
535:
531:
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254:
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249:Pelecanimimus
246:
245:Elaphrosaurus
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206:
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185:
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173:
170:was based on
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102:
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90:
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27:
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2968:Paleontology
2908:cite journal
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2316:
2286:(6): 71–85.
2283:
2279:
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2261:
2249:
2237:
2225:
2218:Joyce (2014)
2213:
2206:Hecht (2014)
2184:
2172:
2150:Hecht (2014)
2130:Hurum (2001)
2125:
2118:Hurum (2001)
2113:
2106:Hurum (2001)
2086:
2048:
1947:
1767:Ornithomimus
1766:
1752:
1750:
1744:
1733:
1732:
1715:
1708:ornithomimid
1696:
1695:
1687:
1676:
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1658:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1618:
1617:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1573:Tototlmimus
1571:
1560:Deinocheirus
1558:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1528:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1470:Deinocheirus
1469:
1460:
1449:
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1434:
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1427:
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1409:
1398:
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1385:
1372:
1371:
1361:
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1343:
1328:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1294:
1285:21st century
1277:
1273:
1265:
1250:
1249:
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1233:Ornithomimus
1232:
1221:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1186:
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1177:
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1165:
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1050:
1049:
1029:
1028:
1006:Deinocheirus
1005:
996:
985:
984:
978:
961:
960:
952:
942:
928:
927:
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910:
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899:
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855:
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529:
515:
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507:
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484:
470:
469:
453:
444:20th century
434:
423:
422:
410:
404:
390:
389:
376:
373:Joseph Leidy
362:
361:
349:
340:19th century
333:
329:
307:
261:
253:coelurosaurs
248:
244:
238:21st century
220:
202:
196:
186:
180:Dale Russell
165:
150:
144:
136:
130:
127:Ornithomimus
126:
115:20th century
104:
82:ornithomimid
67:
56:
41:paleontology
32:
30:
23:
22:Skeleton of
15:
2823:|work=
2658:Japan Times
2230:Jiji (2014)
2165:Khan (2014)
2054:Khan (2014)
1488:Beishanlong
1350:G. bullatus
1143:Garudimimus
1080:Garudimimus
326:Mark Norell
292:vertebrates
264:carnivorous
198:Garudimimus
141:Iren Debasu
80:. Thus the
2990:Categories
2591:References
2423:: 102610.
1610:Lee et al.
1329:Gallimimus
1296:Gallimimus
1147:Gallimimus
902:after all.
821:Gallimimus
750:on display
452:Cast of a
334:Gallimimus
330:Gallimimus
314:herbivores
204:Harpymimus
103:described
2956:Dinosaurs
2825:ignored (
2815:cite book
2616:128633687
2581:251106920
2539:247311332
2445:218968100
2398:134730129
2308:131199807
1806:Footnotes
1710:specimen
1445:poachers.
1358:apomorphy
1293:Skull of
1083:proposal.
638:asiaticus
241:cladistic
231:primitive
168:evolution
139:found at
137:asiaticus
60:dinosaurs
53:theropods
2870:19386658
2787:LA Times
2765:25337880
2504:36260601
2464:PLOS ONE
2351:90165402
1777:See also
1608:—
1529:May 1st:
1354:anterior
1237:Shuuvuia
1235:than to
742:Holotype
504:S. altus
290:, small
184:Jurassic
89:theropod
86:Mesozoic
2942:Portals
2888:Bibcode
2861:2842665
2773:2986017
2745:Bibcode
2687:Bibcode
2495:9581415
2472:Bibcode
2425:Bibcode
2378:Bibcode
2331:Bibcode
2288:Bibcode
1724:(2019).
1108:Timimus
1023:ostrich
630:" (now
288:insects
207:in the
129:" (now
123:bonebed
58:ostrich
37:history
2868:
2858:
2803:
2771:
2763:
2736:Nature
2725:&
2614:
2579:
2537:
2502:
2492:
2443:
2396:
2349:
2306:
1722:Currie
272:plants
227:Europe
193:Africa
51:-like
2769:S2CID
2612:S2CID
2577:S2CID
2535:S2CID
2525:(5).
2441:S2CID
2394:S2CID
2347:S2CID
2304:S2CID
1729:2020s
1712:UALVP
1477:2010s
1303:2000s
1013:1990s
871:1980s
852:eggs.
733:1970s
726:July:
691:1960s
618:1930s
547:1920s
534:altus
494:1910s
466:1900s
386:1890s
358:1860s
294:, or
280:1970s
268:beaks
234:taxon
213:1990s
209:1980s
174:. In
97:genus
64:1860s
31:This
2914:link
2866:PMID
2827:help
2801:ISBN
2761:PMID
2500:PMID
1755:2022
1736:2020
1699:2019
1679:2018
1650:2017
1621:2015
1593:2014
1547:2012
1517:2011
1497:2010
1452:2009
1437:2006
1401:2003
1375:2002
1360:for
1310:2001
1253:1999
1210:1998
1189:1997
1169:1995
1145:and
1128:1994
1067:1993
1053:1991
1032:1990
988:1988
964:1985
931:1984
913:1982
878:1981
859:1976
777:1972
757:1970
718:1965
698:1960
646:1933
600:1928
577:1926
554:1920
518:1917
473:1902
426:1892
393:1890
365:1865
322:2001
304:1999
296:eggs
217:1994
201:and
176:1972
161:1976
125:of "
119:Asia
111:1917
78:1890
49:bird
2896:doi
2856:PMC
2848:doi
2844:277
2753:doi
2741:515
2733:".
2673:NPR
2604:doi
2567:doi
2527:doi
2490:PMC
2480:doi
2433:doi
2421:101
2386:doi
2339:doi
2296:doi
744:of
316:or
191:of
159:in
109:in
76:in
39:of
2992::
2910:}}
2906:{{
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