865:(the Reform Edict of 1856) is issued on February 18 and constitutes the most important Ottoman reform measure of the nineteenth century. It guaranteed the lives and property of Christians, replaced the heads of churches with a national synod, provided full freedom of conscience and civil participation for adherents to all religions. The edict was forced on the sultan by the British, French and Austrians to forestall a Russian intervention.
24:
872:(March 30) ends Crimean War, and admits Turkey into the European concert, whereby its independence and imperial integrity was guaranteed. Russia ceded the mouths of the Danube and Bessarabia, returned Kurs, relinquished its claim as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire and agreed to the neutralization of the Black Sea.
973:
whose reign (1861-1876) is notable for the rapid spread of western influence (particularly Great
Britain and France, allies of the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War), as evidenced by the first foreign loans, railroad construction, and public debt administration, and the rise of secular
45:
634:
1241:. But majority of Muslims denounced Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as a Heretic and later Parliament of Pakistan declared followers of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam as Non-Muslims.
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186:
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1853: After a series of intrigues ostensibly designed to enable it to act as protector of
Orthodox Christians in Ottoman territories failed, Russia occupied the
96:
1118:
1085:
944:
68:
75:
465:
258:
508:
in Arabia, who had occupied Mecca and Medina and threatened Syria. As a result, the eastern coast of the
Mediterranean fell under Egyptian control.
668:
541:
1822: Greek assembly at
Epidauros declared Greek independence and drew up an organic statute establishing a parliament and executive directory.
82:
1325:
64:
703:
to declare himself independent, an
Ottoman army began (March) the invasion of Syria from the Euphrates. It was defeated (June 24) by the
974:
liberalism, shown by literary revival, translation of
Western literature, rise of Turkish journalism and establishment of universities.
970:
675:
582:
115:
217:
134:
1190:
225:
49:
89:
472:
862:
1330:
697:
578:
292:
1197:
828:
787:
768:
686:
34:
1307:
544:
1826: Janissaries massacred by forces loyal to Mahmud II after they revolted following formation of new army corps.
410:
53:
38:
1219:
730:
711:. On July 1 the Turkish fleet surrendered itself (possibly by an act of treachery) to Muhammad Ali in Alexandria.
524:
392:
389:
962:
erupted. Authorized by the
European Powers, France sent expeditionary force which restored order by June 1861.
664:
1125:
1032:
843:
1133:
925:
869:
832:
757:
678:
established alliance between the
Ottoman Empire and Russia and provided that the Ottomans would close the
936:
802:
700:
385:
347:
288:
456:
1275:
548:
512:
358:, having arrived in Constantinople too late to restore Selim III (who had been strangled), installed
1297:
jointly. By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 13 percent of the total.
1015:
715:
531:
476:
307:
1238:
1230:
1175:
1066:
607:
240:
1245:
1021:
1001:
982:
1070:
989:
303:
273:
1256:
1106:
1878: Conference of Berlin. Ottoman Empire loses territories to Russia or Balkan countries
1059:
892:
798:
country of his choice, but France violated its pledge and sent him as a captive to France.
708:
498:
247:
719:
232:
1313:
Birth of Siyyid MĂrzĂĄ 'AlĂ-Muhammad known as the BĂĄb His
Holiness BĂĄb was born in 1819.
1290:
1286:
1204:
1160:
1137:
1110:
1055:
997:
978:
966:
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1319:
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437:
251:
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first claimed to be divinely appointed by God but did not take pledge until 1889.
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910:
855:
821:
723:
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claimed to be the
Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi, laid the foundation of the
1093:
1051:
993:
817:
780:
671:
and provided that the empire grant the sultan of Egypt all of Syria and Adana.
221:
854:
in March. The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia in October beginning the
959:
851:
487:
403:
378:
359:
314:
284:
858:. Great Britain and France would declare war on Russia the following March.
355:
1211:
under his rule. Death of Mahdi Sudani five months after the occupation of
1212:
918:
847:
642:
1148:
1047:
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772:
761:
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1103:
1876: Constitutional monarchy in Ottoman Empire (Turkey)(first phase)
1078:
1025:
914:
896:
795:
791:
776:
734:
690:
588:
567:
418:
399:
277:
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809:
366:
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1097:
1040:
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619:
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296:
903:. This was also the end of 1000 years of Muslim rule over India.
750:
638:
623:
516:
448:
429:
1152:
17:
504:
1818: Conclusion of Egypt's seven-year campaign against the
689:
recognized as ruler of the area under his control by the
365:
1811: Birth of Siyyid MĂrzĂĄ 'AlĂ-Muhammad known as the
906:
1858: Feudal holdings abolished in the Ottoman Empire.
783:
assassinated ending the Durrani rule in Afghanistan.
65:"Timeline of the history of Islam" 19th century
718:(Supreme Edict of the Rose House) issued by sultan
1011:established to function as Turkey's central bank.
682:to any foreign warships at the Russians' request.
362:, the sole surviving member of the Ottoman line.
8:
211:19th century (1801â1900) (1215 AH â 1318 AH)
395:, thereby consolidating his absolute power.
52:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
820:, a renowned poet and staunch advocate of
794:under the condition of safe conduct to a
696:1839: In response to threats by Egyptian
239:garrison at Belgrade marked beginning of
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
669:war between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire
1140:lost 4/5 th of its territory in Europe.
515:led Greek insurgents across the river
306:came into limelight under the rule of
891:after 332 years. Last Mughal Emperor
451:executed treaty of alliance with the
7:
1159:as a result of the treaty of Bardo.
50:adding citations to reliable sources
663:1833: At the urging of France, the
14:
760:established by Adams adjacent to
393:massacred in the Citadel of Cairo
917:forces and the Islamic State of
218:Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud
135:Timeline of the history of Islam
22:
992:fizzled out after the death of
523:on March 6 (n.s.) to begin the
779:. He crossed over to Morocco.
726:reforms of the Ottoman Empire.
1:
583:Russo-Turkish War (1828â1829)
1287:Muhammad Ahmad's Mahdi State
1207:declared free Government of
1326:Timelines of Muslim history
1267:making Afghan border touch
527:against the Ottoman Empire.
475:assassinated by his cousin
1347:
1308:Timeline of Muslim history
1155:acknowledged supremacy of
1009:Banque ImpĂŠriale Ottoamane
921:became a Russian province.
652:defeated in the battle of
287:yields to the demand that
133:
1259:by an understanding with
969:died and is succeeded by
943:, is the first mosque in
676:Treaty of Hßnkâr İskelesi
641:, shifted his capital to
599:ending 313 years rule of
551:became a preserve of the
525:Greek War of Independence
339:repudiated suzerainty of
1126:Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
1033:Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
977:1861: Overthrow of the
844:Danubian Principalities
716:Hatt-Äą Ĺerif of GĂźlhane
521:Danubian Principalities
252:Islamic State of Sokoto
913:laid down arms before
687:Abdul Qadir of Algeria
328:sect revolted against
937:Masjid-e-Abu Hurairah
803:Muhammad Ali of Egypt
665:Convention of KĂźtahya
570:declared war against
473:Bey Othman of Tunisia
231:1804: Uprising under
1276:Sultanate of Bagirmi
1096:and got involved in
1088:purchased shares of
960:Marionite Christians
579:Treaty of Adrianople
513:Alexander Ypsilantis
490:restoring it to the
421:end a war of 6 years
254:in Northern Nigeria.
46:improve this article
1016:Circassian genocide
996:. Overthrow of the
812:is executed by the
591:forces landed near
499:Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
477:Mahmud ibn Muhammad
466:Saud bin Abdul Aziz
411:Treaty of Bucharest
308:Mohammed Rahim Khan
259:Saud bin Abdul Aziz
226:King of Afghanistan
1331:19th-century Islam
1239:Ahmadiyya Movement
1231:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
1176:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
1067:Emirate of Bukhara
1039:. He proceeded to
893:Bahadur Shah Zafar
731:Quadruple Alliance
722:, which began the
622:fell fighting the
608:Syed Ahmad Barelvi
241:Serbian Revolution
1246:Toucouleur Empire
1244:1890: End of the
1220:Shah Jahan Mosque
1163:declared himself
1022:Khanate of Kokand
1002:Toucouleur Empire
983:Toucouleur Empire
939:, established in
827:1852: Release of
457:Definitive Treaty
205:
204:
126:
125:
118:
100:
1338:
1289:occupied by the
1278:occupied by the
1198:Amir Abdul Qadir
1191:British military
1134:Treaty of Berlin
1071:Khanate of Khiva
990:Faraizi movement
835:. He settled in
829:Amir Abdul Qadir
788:Amir Abdul Qadir
769:Amir Abdul Qadir
758:State of Adamawa
737:powers to force
304:Khanate of Khiva
274:Faraizi movement
248:Othman dan Fodio
233:George Petrovich
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26:
18:
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1316:
1315:
1304:
1257:Wakhan Corridor
1196:1883: Death of
954:between Syrian
926:Maulay Muhammad
883:and eliminated
870:Treaty of Paris
863:Hatt-Ĺ HßmâyÝnu
801:1849: Death of
709:battle of Nezib
563:treaty in 1824.
530:1822: Death of
464:1814: Death of
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27:
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1299:
1298:
1285:1899: Fall of
1283:
1272:
1249:
1242:
1227:
1216:
1205:Muhammad Ahmad
1201:
1194:
1183:
1172:
1161:Muhammad Ahmad
1141:
1122:
1111:Ottoman Empire
1107:
1104:
1101:
1082:
1063:
1056:Ottoman Empire
1044:
1029:
1024:liquidated by
1018:
1012:
1005:
998:Massina Empire
986:
979:Bambara Empire
975:
967:Abd-ul-Mejid I
963:
948:
933:
922:
907:
904:
895:was exiled to
873:
866:
859:
840:
837:Ottoman Empire
825:
824:also executed.
806:
799:
790:surrendred to
784:
771:, ousted from
765:
754:
749:free occupied
741:to relinquish
727:
712:
694:
683:
672:
661:
646:
631:
604:
585:
575:
572:Ottoman Empire
564:
545:
542:
539:
528:
509:
502:
495:
486:withdrew from
480:
469:
461:
460:
445:
440:expelled from
422:
415:Ottoman Empire
407:
396:
382:
363:
344:
333:
322:
311:
300:
281:
270:
267:Ottoman Empire
265:defeating the
255:
244:
229:
220:assassinated.
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1277:
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1270:
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1265:British India
1262:
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1127:
1123:
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1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:Khediv Ismail
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:protectorates
1072:
1068:
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1061:
1057:
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965:1861: Sultan
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621:
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609:
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598:
595:and occupied
594:
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584:
580:
576:
573:
569:
565:
562:
558:
555:according to
554:
550:
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537:
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532:Maulay Ismail
529:
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507:
503:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
481:
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458:
455:known as the
454:
450:
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443:
439:
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427:
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420:
416:
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
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391:
387:
383:
380:
376:
372:
371:BĂĄbĂ movement
369:, founder of
368:
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349:
345:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
312:
309:
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298:
294:
291:be appointed
290:
286:
283:1805: Sultan
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216:1803: Sheikh
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106:December 2009
98:
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77:
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67: â
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
47:
41:
40:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
1312:
1200:in Damascus.
1167:in northern
1128:exiled from
1113:handed over
1035:exiled from
928:defeated by
833:Napoleon III
816:government.
720:AbdĂźlmecid I
701:Muhammad Ali
618:movement in
520:
432:captured by
386:Muhammad Ali
351:
289:Muhammad Ali
276:launched in
250:established
206:
190:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
44:Please help
32:
15:
1253:Afghanistan
1193:occupation.
1189:came under
1050:recognised
1037:Afghanistan
911:Imam Shamil
856:Crimean War
680:Dardanelles
635:Sayyid Said
614:leaders of
612:Shah Ismail
436:forces and
332:domination.
319:Janissaries
317:deposed by
224:proclaimed
1320:Categories
1226:(England).
1222:opened in
1094:Suez canal
1058:through a
1052:suzerainty
994:Dudu Miyan
808:1850: The
781:Shah Shuja
714:1839: The
674:1833: The
667:ended the
637:, King of
561:Netherland
222:Shah Shuja
76:newspapers
1295:Egyptians
971:AbdĂźlaziz
952:Civil War
879:captured
852:Wallachia
705:Egyptians
581:ends the
488:Indonesia
404:Egyptians
379:Indonesia
377:occupied
360:Mahmud II
348:Bairakdar
315:Selim III
285:Selim III
269:garrison.
261:captured
237:Janissary
33:does not
1302:See also
1293:and the
1213:Khartoum
1151:and the
1147:invaded
1100:affairs.
1098:Egyptian
919:Dagestan
887:rule in
848:Moldavia
735:European
724:Tanzimât
658:Egyptian
643:Zanzibar
434:Egyptian
413:between
402:fell to
235:against
201:century
1291:British
1149:Tunisia
1138:Ottoman
1119:Britain
1092:in the
1086:Britain
1048:Tunisia
1000:by the
981:by the
945:Britain
941:Cardiff
915:Russian
897:Rangoon
877:British
818:TĂĄhirih
814:Persian
775:by the
773:Algeria
762:Nigeria
747:British
733:by the
707:in the
660:forces.
628:Balakot
597:Algeria
593:Algiers
553:British
536:Morocco
506:Wahabis
484:British
453:British
390:Mamluks
375:British
341:Algeria
337:Tunisia
330:Turkish
326:Darqawi
90:scholar
54:removed
39:sources
1280:French
1274:1897:
1261:Russia
1251:1895:
1235:Qadian
1229:1889:
1224:Woking
1218:1889:
1203:1885:
1185:1882:
1180:Qadian
1174:1882:
1157:France
1145:France
1143:1881:
1124:1879:
1115:Cyprus
1109:1878:
1084:1876:
1079:Russia
1065:1873:
1060:firman
1046:1871:
1031:1869:
1026:Russia
1020:1865:
1014:1864:
1007:1863:
988:1862:
956:Druzes
950:1860:
935:1860:
924:1860:
909:1859:
885:Mughal
875:1857:
868:1856:
861:1856:
822:BĂĄbism
796:Muslim
792:France
786:1847:
777:French
767:1842:
756:1841:
729:1840:
691:French
685:1834:
648:1832:
633:1831:
606:1831:
589:French
587:1830:
577:1829:
568:Russia
566:1828:
549:Malaya
547:1827:
511:1821:
497:1817:
482:1816:
447:1814:
438:Saudis
424:1813:
419:Russia
409:1812:
400:Medina
398:1812:
384:1811:
356:Rusçuk
350:, the
346:1808:
335:1807:
324:1807:
313:1807:
302:1806:
278:Bengal
272:1805:
263:Medina
257:1805:
246:1804:
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1269:China
1209:Sudan
1187:Egypt
1169:Sudan
1165:Mahdi
1130:Egypt
1073:made
1041:Egypt
930:Spain
901:Burma
889:India
881:Delhi
743:Syria
739:Egypt
654:Konya
650:Turks
624:Sikhs
620:India
616:Jihad
601:Turks
557:Anglo
519:into
501:born.
492:Dutch
471:1814
442:Hejaz
426:Mecca
297:Egypt
97:JSTOR
83:books
1263:and
1255:got
1069:and
958:and
850:and
751:Aden
698:wÄli
639:Oman
610:and
517:Prut
449:Iran
430:Taif
428:and
417:and
388:has
352:ayan
293:wÄli
199:21st
195:20th
191:19th
187:18th
183:17th
179:16th
175:15th
171:14th
167:13th
163:12th
159:11th
155:10th
69:news
37:any
35:cite
1233:of
1178:of
1153:Bey
1117:to
1077:by
1054:of
899:in
846:of
831:by
810:BĂĄb
656:by
626:in
534:in
367:BĂĄb
354:of
295:of
151:9th
147:8th
143:7th
139:6th
48:by
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