212:
129:
196:
169:
1942:
1515:
2221:
2182:
466:
2167:
2206:
2335:, the experienced consul Charles Blunt responds by stating that in 1830 the city contained 80,000 Turkish inhabitants and 20,000 Christians, whereas in 1860, the Turks numbered 41,000 and the Christians 75,000. According to Blunt, the general condition of the province of İzmir was constantly improving due to increasing cultivation and agricultural production. However, because of the Turkish lack of manpower, this improvement was "...more generally to the advantage of the Christian races.
1930:
211:
5380:
128:
4764:
4184:
2310:. According to Rolleston, İzmir's population could be estimated as amounting to 150,000 people, in accordance with the 1849 census, two-thirds being either Turks or Greeks, whose numbers were until lately equal, but came to be proportioned as 45,000 Turks against 55,000 Greeks, poverty and conscription lately acting as a check against the increase of the former.
1788:
168:
195:
2812:, published 1925. This story, titled "On the Quai at Smyrna", probably based on original material derived from a British officer who was present in İzmir early in the period, was written in a deliberately disorientating style with a sarcastic tone and observations directed at all sides to the conflict.
2528:
and named "Hamidiye" for this reason. A second shipping company puts two other ferries in service starting 1880, followed in 1884 by a third company. Very rapidly, it becomes fashionable for İzmir's
European, Levantine, Ottoman minority and later Turkish rich to build or purchase houses in Karşıyaka.
779:
and kills him. Before
Dolabella's own death the year after, his assault, and particularly some damage he had inflicted on the city, was condemned at the time in Rome, including by Dolabella's father-in-law Cicero, who referred to the people of Smyrna as among Rome's "most trusted and oldest allies".
287:
and also associable with the
Luvians and the Lydians, and deriving its wealth from the region's mineral reserves, is founded on or near Mount Yamanlar. A "Tomb of Tantalus" near this mountain, as well as an alternative tomb some sources associate with the same Tantalus on Mount Sipylus reached our
2503:
A municipal administration is constituted in İzmir, in line with the
Ottoman reforms in the matter. İzmir municipality will only mature in time, becoming active as of 1874, being scinded in two in 1880 to administer the more westernized city core and the more traditional suburbs separately, being
1772:
that ensued after the second causes great damage and shakes İzmir to its cores. The casualties number in the tens of thousands, the commercial activity in the city stops for years, and
Sancakkale will have to be rebuilt. The earthquake will also trigger a movement among foreign merchants to move
1612:
to come) who in the 1620s had assembled a vast company of disbanded
Ottoman soldiers and renegades, establish control over much of the fertile land around Manisa and, often in pact with the influent western merchant Orlando, trigger a movement of more commercially sensitive Greek and Jewish
2047:
claims 3,000 lives in İzmir region, particularly among the Jewish community. Two still-standing landmarks of the city owe their existence to the epidemic: The Jewish
Hospital, which becomes a pole of attraction that paves the way for the concentration of the city's Jewish population in
536:
captures Smyrna along with several other Ionian cities and the city is sacked and destroyed, its inhabitants forced to move to the countryside to live for a time in "village-like fashion" according to contemporary sources. More recent research and restoration works in Old Smyrna by
2735:
and bombs defence positions between 5 – 9 March causing six casualties among
Turkish soldiers. The fleet's tasks are to destroy the protecting forts and clear the approach minefields, neither of which are accomplished. Allied demands transmitted through the U.S. consul in İzmir
1475:
The practice of assigning
Ottoman dynasty members for administration of neighboring Manisa and its dependencies is abandoned, largely due to the growing insecurity in the countryside, precursor of Jelali Revolts, and a violent earthquake in the valley of
465:
4055:"Literatur zu Smyrna: Die Agora von Smyrna. Bericht Äuber die in den Jahren 1932–1941 auf dem Friedhof Namazgah zu Izmir von der Museumsleitung in Verbindung mit der Tuerkischen Geschichtskommission durchgefuehrten Ausgrabungen"
1974:. They are the builders of the first governor's mansion in the city and the adjacent Yalı Mosque of very small dimensions in Konak Square, a symbol of İzmir to this day. Katipzade Mehmed Pasha is executed by the Sultan in 1816.
1415:. The Ottoman investment into İzmir will remain hesitant for more than a century, until the 17th-century building of Sancakkale castle at a key location commanding access to the city and assuring its security.
304:
according to the accounts, obliged to leave their land due to famine, build themselves ships in the present-day harbor of İzmir and sail away in search of new homes and better sustenance, to finally arrive to
2181:
623:
between 301 and 281 BC, who displays a genuine interest to the city, initiating widescale public works in the intention of transforming it into an international portuary and cultural center on a par with
2639:(1895) entrepreneurs but, despite being potentially promising, was not concretized and its initial works ended up by tracing a phantom track. In the meantime, especially with the flow of immigrants from
587:, moves the city from its rather isolated location at the end of the gulf to the southern shore from where the future city will expand. Legends attribute the move for relocation to a dream of Alexander.
2329:
1226:, which organizes five consecutive attacks on İzmir and the Western Anatolian coastline controlled by Turkish states. In between, it is the Turks who organize maritime raids directed at Aegean islands.
1941:
3936:, which was almost on the shore in the beginning of the 18th century, had its harbor structures hours from the town towards the end of the same century and is an entirely inland center today.
1443:, puts an end to three centuries of entente between the Republic and the Turkish powers based along the Anatolian coast. At the same time, the European merchants which used the island and
4204:
5142:
824:
of the city after attempts to burn him at the stake fails, and the account, "The
Martyrdom of Polycarp or the Letter to the Smyrneans" becomes one of the fundamental sources among
2613:, itself internationally famous for its grapes and on deemed as being on its way to become a second large port for the region. The line, based on the model of a line built in the
5031:
2504:
reunited in 1889, and possessing its own building only in 1891. A stable municipal administration in İzmir is generally admitted to start a generation after its founding under
1966:
Katipzade family, controlling İzmir since the 1750s, reach the summit of their power with Katipzade Mehmed Pasha who rule the city and its vicinity under the official title of
1705:
2105:
exceed those from İzmir for the first time and İzmir thus loses its virtual monopoly on exports among Ottoman ports for the first time as far back as the records are kept.
1119:
and accords them considerable privileges within the empire's realm, commercial or otherwise, including that of setting up their own districts in the capital and in Smyrna.
3116:
district, to reach a total portfolio of 302 notable companies by 2006, generating more than $ 4 billion annually in international trade. It also houses the world's fifth
3215:
of administrative services in the rapidly growing city, İzmir Hall of Justice moves from Konak Square to its new premises, the largest and the most modern in Turkey, in
3856:
2475:) comes into existence, all built on land gained from the sea, and profoundly changing the city's look. The final remains of the old port castle (Okkale) and former
2220:
1447:
across its shores as bases are tempted to seek a new port of trade and they are increasingly attracted to the small town of İzmir, administered at the level of a
2821:
1640:
visits İzmir for the second time and for a longer period. According to the detailed account he gave, İzmir then had a population of 90,000 of which 60,000 were
4940:
3928:
It is possible that the present channel is closer to the mouth of the river as it used to flow in ancient times, since Herodotus says that it was close to
3299:
Art Center, built by İzmir Metropolitan Municipality by involving world-famous companies in music and construction, is opened over an area of 21.000 m2 in
2166:
1315:
re-builds Okkale in the intention of turning it into his power base, at the same time as he uses every occasion to hamper the resurgence of Ottoman power.
3253:
3223:
2332:
756:
701:
authority along with Pergamon. Eager to cultivate Roman connections, Smyrna becomes the first city in Asia to build a temple to the honor of the goddess
5041:
4172:
2435:. Instability will characterize the first decades of the governorship in İzmir, with, for example, five consecutive governors only for the year 1875.
3449:
1929:
5152:
5046:
1234:
Umur Bey dies and his brother and successor Hızır Bey concludes on 18 August an agreement with the Sancta Unio which, following its approval by the
2205:
2911:
museums. Between 1932 and 1941, they uncover a large part of the agora and publish the results of their works with contributions made also by the
2093:
administration for incoming ships will be put in place as a consequence of the epidemic, in a quarter of the city that will be named Karantina.
5408:
5157:
4988:
5330:
3553:
3516:
3403:
23:
2617:
presenting similar characteristics, was projected to serve a population of around 350,000 (250,000 for İzmir and the rest along the line in
1760:
and one Armenian, with other nationalities, many of whom played a pivotal role in shaping the city's fortunes, totalling barely a thousand.
2808:
3829:"New approaches to Byzantine influence on some Ottoman architectural details: Byzantine elements in the decoration of a building in İzmir"
1289:
power, captures the castle and destroys it. He massacred most of the Christian population, which constituted the vast majority in Smyrna.
2888:
After preliminary explorations made in 1927, the first organized excavations at the site of Classical Period Smyrna, centered around the
1463:
Aydınoğlu Yakub Bey, a descendant of the formerly ruling dynasty, builds the oldest major Ottoman landmark in İzmir, the Hisar Mosque in
521:
The first failed Lydian attempt to capture Smyrna, despite their seizure of the town and their advance within the walls of the fortress.
3828:
2702:
2447:
of the previous quays built in wood, start of the construction of new port installations. With the project, completed in ten years by a
4150:
2825:
4752:
3878:
840:
shakes Smyrna to its cores, causing immense damage and casualties. The city was rebuilt in a single year with the help of the emperor
205:" in Yarikkaya locality in Mount Sipylus, is an isolated stone bench or altar possibly carved to accommodate a stone or wooden statue.
5147:
5081:
4973:
3991:
4108:
3913:
3811:
3778:
3750:
3718:
3688:
3439:
3376:
5061:
3964:
4993:
4983:
3598:
3184:
3133:
4019:
3637:
5189:
3725:
Tamerlane determined to conquer Smyrna... In December 1402, Smyrna was taken and destroyed, its Christian population massacred.
2775:
825:
1825:
3946:
752:
5264:
5056:
5026:
2081:
visits İzmir and conducts surface research on the remains of classical Smyrna and on those found on or near Mount Yamanlar.
1514:
19:
545:, built a few decades before, saw only slight damage in the Lydian capture, was repaired swiftly and continued to be used.
4978:
4730:
4165:
3932:, as it is now, although when it changed to the south is not known. With the rapid silting process, the depending town of
2756:
2659:
1343:
of Ayidin, and re-establishes Ottoman authority over İzmir, this time definite. For their aid in Cüneyd Bey's demise, the
1608:
Local warlord Cennetoğlu, a brigand (sometimes cited as one of the first in line in western Anatolia's long tradition of
27:
5403:
5351:
3765:
2479:
type residences along Kordon are demolished to provide space for the wharf and the street, along which new buildings of
1892:
115:) along a small peninsula in the northeastern corner of Gulf of İzmir's end which will later become the location of Old
5076:
3012:
2942:
where it acquires the proportions of an ongoing important annual commercial and cultural event of international scale.
1787:
1265:. İzmir becomes Ottoman partially, with the exception of the port castle, and for the time, temporarily, for a decade.
279:
The first recorded urban settlement which controlled the Gulf of İzmir, associated with the semi-legendary local ruler
2618:
1952:
5066:
3058:
2935:
2057:
5051:
4947:
3742:
2852:
2483:
tastes and styles will be rapidly built. The French customs house built within the project, reportedly designed by
2307:
2129:
center for the first time and for a brief period. The vilayet is still called under the name of its former center,
1112:
981:
5229:
5194:
4963:
4930:
3901:
3043:
2871:
2689:, one of İzmir's landmarks, is erected as a public service by the wealthy Jewish banker Nesim Levi Bayraklıoğlu.
600:
5021:
3998:
2427:
center for the second time and definitely. The vilayet will continue to be under the name of its former center,
1312:
4158:
3541:
3431:
3319:
2951:
2553:
the river brought had seriously started to render navigation difficult and jeopardize İzmir's portuary future.
1379:) of the Ottoman dynasty -fifteen in all- start receiving their education in government matters in neighboring
1100:
1047:
989:
813:
5315:
5121:
3453:
3172:
1206:
into a serious naval power with base in İzmir and poses a threat particularly for Venetian possessions in the
352:
in Hittite sources, is attested by a monument carved in rock in Karabel mountain pass near the modern city of
221:
warrior monument carved in rock dated to the 13th century BC and at a distance of 30 km from İzmir, near
1792:
356:, at about 30 km from İzmir. It is dated to the second half of the 13th century BCE during the reign of
5274:
5249:
5219:
5116:
4918:
4188:
3803:
3573:
3315:
3129:
2859:
between 17 February – 3 March and it lays the foundations of the economic policy for the early years of the
2663:
1637:
238:
2962:, to be pursued by Akurgal on a continuous basis as of 1966 and to be managed after 1993 by Akurgal's wife
2741:
82:
5214:
4745:
3269:
3237:
3090:
2752:
954:
Smyrna and immediately build a navy, the first ever recorded naval force in Turkish history, to harry the
740:
5173:
5162:
3584:
2252:
1896:
1436:
733:
729:
5356:
2566:
4081:
3300:
3101:
1407:, one of the greatest Venetian admirals, captures and destroys İzmir in a surprise attack, along with
5335:
5310:
5269:
4935:
4923:
4054:
3737:
Edhem Eldem; Daniel Goffman; Bruce Alan Masters (1999). "İzmir: From village to colonial port city".
3418:
3331:
2904:
2768:
2724:
2686:
2396:
2212:
2188:
2049:
947:
931:
896:
892:
143:
106:
3346:
3078:
2893:
2279:
The first cadastral plan of İzmir is made by the engineer Luigi Storari, a Republican in exile from
2028:İzmir's first newspaper, named "Smyrnéen" at first and "Spectateur orientale" later is published in
5167:
5071:
4998:
3365:
Ancient Civilizations and Ruins of Turkey: From Prehistoric Times Until the End of the Roman Empire
3196:
3032:
3020:
2963:
2916:
2856:
2791:
2713:
2399:
is opened for residential use and becomes, almost immediately and practically exclusively, İzmir's
1135:'s core area along the inner bay with its castle become virtually independent Genoese possessions.
927:
596:
580:
89:
metropolitan district located in the middle of the plain that extends starting from the tip of the
3066:
2955:
2089:İzmir's last great plague epidemic claims 5,000 lives, especially among the Turkish population. A
3835:
3610:
3323:
3296:
3105:
2860:
2795:
2779:
2732:
2720:
2432:
1400:
1211:
1104:
985:
5224:
5106:
5036:
452:
which will be held by his descendants until 546 BC and the dynasty will acquire a large part of
1907:
A fire carries off 3,000 dwellings and 3,000 to 4,000 shops, entailing a loss of $ 20,000,000.
1261:) comes to İzmir shortly after he ascends the throne and smoothly captures the upper castle of
5383:
5284:
4878:
4738:
4120:
4112:
4089:
3909:
3850:
3807:
3774:
3746:
3714:
3684:
3644:
3549:
3545:
3512:
3435:
3399:
3372:
3327:
3281:
3117:
2979:
2655:
2578:
2542:
2284:
1915:
A violent earthquake on 3 July and an ensuing fire that lasts until 8 July destroys the city.
1737:
1697:
1424:
1404:
1144:
1097:
1070:
1057:
1036:
644:
562:
533:
4139:
3839:
2565:
company builds İzmir's first running water system, today still based on the same location of
2062:
5279:
3870:
3273:
3212:
3164:
2799:
2728:
2706:
2546:
2525:
2299:
2141:
1744:. On the eve of the Great Earthquake, estimates made for İzmir's population in sources like
1721:
1655:
1626:
1274:
1042:
923:
845:
702:
186:
155:
135:
90:
5320:
4832:
3074:
2939:
2113:
A great fire ravages the central quarters of İzmir. Personal interventions from the sultan
1069:
bazaar zone). The Emperor spends much time in the summer palace he had had built in nearby
328:, the son of Tantalus, abandons the city founded by his father and founds a kingdom in the
5016:
4097:
4002:
3648:
3622:
3156:
to Bornova along a length of 11.6 km (7.2 mi) is built and enters into service.
3062:
2717:
2492:
2029:
1856:
1729:
1725:
1689:
1625:
of Sancakkale castle at a key location commanding access to the furthermost waters of the
1344:
1223:
841:
772:
714:
641:
565:
498:
445:
395:
230:
5325:
4873:
4847:
4842:
3153:
2521:
2408:
2114:
3968:
2387:
company, who manages to finish it in three years, a few months before İzmir-Aydın line.
22:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
5254:
5126:
4968:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
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4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
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4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
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4584:
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4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
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4544:
4539:
4534:
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4514:
4509:
4504:
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4459:
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4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
3796:
3200:
3149:
3137:
2989:
2671:
2586:
2505:
2484:
2452:
2356:
2078:
2014:
1853:
1841:
1749:
1741:
1667:
1641:
1622:
1505:
1250:
1093:
1061:
935:
911:
632:. Lysimachus even names the city, for a time, under his daughter's name, "Euredikeia".
441:
426:
377:
139:
2647:, the population trends in Karaburun Peninsula started to bend in favor of the Turks.
5397:
5305:
5259:
4837:
4031:
3652:
3534:
3360:
3109:
2959:
2898:
2737:
2480:
2464:
2380:
1998:
1895:
visits İzmir and its surrounding region in search of antiquities on behalf of London
1701:
1489:
1388:
967:
760:
538:
288:
day, scholars differing on associations that could be based on the one or the other.
174:
2978:, still used and extended, and privatized in 2007. Kuşadası district transferred to
5366:
5361:
5111:
3501:
3388:
2921:
2632:
2444:
2260:
1983:
1868:
1609:
1376:
1089:
1013:
888:
821:
768:
718:
698:
670:
403:
357:
78:
33:
Below is a sequence of some of the events that affected the history of the city of
4883:
4852:
3950:
2367:
The construction of the second railroad connection in the Ottoman Empire, between
1987:
1872:
1464:
1371:
and which will last until 1595 in seventeen near-consecutive periods, many of the
1076:
1066:
414:. The still highly popular "Agamemnon Baths" is also the place where, reportedly,
353:
222:
3708:
3683:(1. publ. in the USA and UK. ed.). Chicago : Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 351.
3678:
2343:
The construction of the first railroad connection in the Ottoman Empire, between
1351:), but the sultan refuses, giving them the permission to build another castle in
4822:
4807:
3569:
3285:
3277:
3241:
3168:
3108:
in Turkey and the leader among the country's 19 others, opens as a Turkish-U.S.
2803:
2698:
2614:
2610:
2590:
2538:
2313:
2303:
2259:) and having fallen under the spell of the city and the country, buys a farm in
1745:
1477:
1444:
1412:
1191:
1124:
1053:
1021:
479:
430:
329:
111:
102:
3838:, Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art. Archived from
2537:
In a work of engineering of considerable scale for its time, the course of the
5300:
5239:
4908:
4802:
3368:
3192:
2682:
2667:
2488:
2173:
2145:
2090:
2002:
1709:
1286:
1262:
1207:
1164:
1128:
955:
919:
837:
785:
737:
625:
620:
616:
510:
399:
391:
361:
226:
3827:
Zeynep Mercangöz, eds. M. Kiel, N. Landmann, H. Theunissen (23 August 1999).
2926:, first the first time in 1934, to be compiled more comprehensively in 1950.
1143:
Turkish ascendancy in Western Anatolia re-surges after two centuries and the
4101:
4093:
3896:
Municipal administration in İzmir (1895–1945): From Tanzimat to the Republic
3771:
Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, cuyer, baron d'Aubonne, chambellan du Grand lecteur
2771:
between 13 September and 17 September. Appointment of the first governor of
2468:
2067:
1593:
1523:
1384:
1352:
1324:
1278:
1254:
857:
776:
682:
608:
506:
429:, sometimes said to be the oldest extant bridge, a 13 m stone slab over the
415:
407:
380:
314:
310:
301:
284:
74:
4124:
2545:
is diverted northwards, thus preventing it from joining the sea inside the
1844:
epidemics. The one in 1712 is particularly deadly and claims 10,000 lives.
1768:
Two successive earthquakes of great magnitude on 10 July and 31 July and a
85:
and the adjacent Yassıtepe Höyük, within the boundaries of the present-day
3485:
1238:, gives the Knights Templar the right to control and use the port castle (
640:
In the climate of uncertainty reigning between Lysimachus's death and the
5244:
4868:
4827:
4768:
3905:
3113:
2992:, İzmir's first university to start courses, is founded with present-day
2975:
2892:
of the ancient city, are carried out jointly by the German archaeologist
2640:
2622:
2428:
2376:
2368:
2352:
2344:
2130:
2053:
2044:
2017:
1816:
Established in the city only since decades, foreign merchants organize a
1733:
1728:
is attested for the first time in Ottoman İzmir, refugees who had sought
1674:
1670:
1575:
1553:
1368:
1336:
1304:
1292:
1203:
1180:
1148:
1009:
976:
915:
809:
686:
569:
558:
502:
453:
345:
280:
268:
182:
159:
70:
34:
3415:
Ancient Smyrna: A History of the City from the Earliest Times to 324 A.D
3175:
suburb, a city within the city in practical terms, enters into service.
4812:
4027:
3933:
3929:
3216:
3093:, enters into service. A new international terminal was added in 2006.
3070:
3009:
2997:
2912:
2908:
2876:
2820:
Signature between Greek and Turkish delegations of the agreement for a
2710:
2636:
2582:
2562:
2476:
2424:
2407:
railroad enters into service the same year, leading to urban growth in
2404:
2227:
2126:
2102:
2041:
1967:
1778:
1769:
1571:
1408:
1295:, as he had done for other Anatolian lands taken over by the Ottomans.
1017:
951:
908:
872:
798:
655:
629:
604:
365:
297:
267:
arrive and settle in, initially western, and gradually across southern
264:
218:
86:
1596:
in three consecutive years, who leave each time after having levied a
647:'s takeover, Smyrniots declare their independence for a brief period.
4913:
4778:
4763:
4192:
3508:
3395:
3188:
2993:
2772:
2448:
2400:
2384:
2288:
2268:
2264:
1971:
1753:
1748:, Galland and others reached upwards of 80,000 in the ratio of seven
1693:
1678:
1645:
1629:, thus assuring İzmir's security and greatly improving its fortunes.
1597:
1549:
1380:
1356:
1215:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1065:) that commands the now silted up inner bay of the city (present-day
1025:
1005:
993:
971:
876:
817:
659:
584:
542:
411:
349:
348:
advance in western Anatolia, called at first as "Luwiya" and then as
325:
306:
234:
202:
116:
40:
1828:, the first Ottoman administrator of the city who bore the title of
3739:
The Ottoman City Between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir, and Istanbul
1696:
tour, following an equally fruitful first visit across the eastern
134:
A port city unravels since millennia in the outlying waters of the
5234:
3992:"Hemingway in Turkey: Historical contexts and cultural intertexts"
3695:
Timur... sacked Smyrna and massacred nearly all of its inhabitants
2889:
2644:
2627:
2602:
2517:
2456:
2280:
1829:
1786:
1712:"Voyage á Smyrne" which will remain unedited until the year 2000.
1580:
1558:
1513:
1493:
1452:
1440:
1435:), arguably to compensate for the loss of face suffered after the
1428:
1152:
1116:
1001:
861:
764:
612:
554:
529:
494:
471:
449:
333:
185:, the first recorded sovereign to have controlled the area of the
178:
2524:
by a British company under an Ottoman imperial lease accorded by
4817:
3580:
3047:
3046:, İzmir's second largest, is founded with present-day campus in
2621:) and which would have halved the duration of a journey between
2606:
2550:
2349:
in partance from the simultaneously built Alsancak train station
2317:
1821:
1817:
1774:
1519:
1448:
1372:
1235:
673:
defeats the Galatians and the city returns to Seleucid control.
4734:
4154:
4086:
Travels through France, Turkey, and Hungary, to Vienna, in 1792
2373:
in partance from the simultaneously built Basmane train station
3967:(in Turkish). Turkish Historical Society (TTK). Archived from
3265:
2674:'s accession to the throne, and becomes a symbol for the city
1757:
1480:
deals a severe blow to the region's prosperity the same year.
1340:
568:
captures Symrna along with other regions under Lydian rule in
3798:
An English Consul in Turkey: Paul Rycaut at Smyrna, 1667–1678
3276:, a depending municipality of İzmir metropolitan district of
2954:
Smyrna are started by an Anglo-Turkish team under Professors
2767:
Re-capture of İzmir by the Turkish army on 9 September 1922.
1677:
on record for Ottoman İzmir claims 30,000 lives in İzmir and
1347:
press the sultan for renewed authority over the port castle (
1175:
The Genoese merchants hand over the keys of the port castle (
860:
visits Smyrna, along with other cities in Anatolia and later
336:
remains associated with the "Weeping Rock" on Mount Sipylus.
4060:(in German). Istanbuler Forschungen 17, s. 69 – 114, Berlin.
2790:
A short stay in Istanbul that was to acquire importance for
2697:
In a naval campaign that involved İzmir directly during the
1451:
instead of the stricter and more centralized authority of a
1194:
visits İzmir. He reports that most of the city is in ruins.
3355:] (in Turkish). Yaşar Education and Culture Foundation.
3077:
added in 1951, moves to its premises covering 5.000 sqm in
2144:
visits İzmir, noting, after having watched the sunset from
2117:
will play a fundamental during the reconstruction effort.
1883:
A fire destroys 2,600 houses, with a loss of $ 1,000,000.
1700:
in 1673–1674 in the company of France's ambassador at the
1281:
comes to İzmir, lays a six-week siege on the port castle (
482:
which flows through İzmir and still carries the same name.
3894:İzmir'de Belediye (1868–1945) Tanzimat'tan Cumhuriyet'e (
1720:
Exception made of probable presence in the region during
930:
and following his designation of Anatolia for seizure by
1935:
View of the site of Agora of Smyrna in an 1843 engraving
1273:
Three months after his victory over the Ottomans in the
895:
acquires a permanent nature, Smyrna becomes part of the
801:
visits Smyrna as part of his journeys across the Empire
237:
complex, attests to the westernmost reaches of the late
2740:
for surrender of the city are rebuffed by the governor
2287:
after a fire in 1854 and publishes a guide on İzmir in
2283:, who also draws the plans for the Istanbul quarter of
1824:. The riot leads in 1716 to the assignment in İzmir of
1127:, to extend later on to the whole of Pera, present-day
505:
inhabitants, chase the natives, by deceit according to
4088:, London: Printed for J. White ... by T. Bensley ...,
3638:"Venice and the Turcoman Begliks of Menteşe and Aydın"
2302:
holds a post in the British Civil Hospital during the
1339:
has İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey executed, puts an end to the
1163:
Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey captures İzmir's upper castle of
914:
horsemen begin to appear along the western regions of
383:
begin to appear along the western coasts of Anatolia.
3603:
The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354 (Volume 2)
2938:
is the first that is held at its present location of
1982:
The completion of the building of the still-standing
1867:
The completion of the building of the still-standing
775:, an accomplice of the assassins, held the office of
2056:
Hospital and Monastery, the present-day premises of
1600:, aggravating considerations for the city's safety.
5344:
5293:
5207:
5182:
5135:
5099:
5090:
5007:
4956:
4896:
4861:
4793:
4786:
3303:neighborhood to honor a famous native of the city.
980:) and the subsequent crusader victory in the First
138:as narrow as a strait in its end as seen here from
3795:
3533:
3500:
3387:
1467:, adjacent to the decaying port castle of Okkale.
1291:He handed the city over to its former rulers, the
1103:, seeking an ally against the danger posed by the
992:to recover much of western Anatolia, re-capturing
891:, when the political division between Eastern and
177:is famous for its "Weeping Rock", associated with
101:First traces of settlement attested in the mound (
2666:, with the clock itself a gift of German Emperor
736:will be administered by his younger brother, the
364:, King of Mira, matched with a name mentioned in
2701:, a British fleet commanded by the Vice-Admiral
2670:is built to commemorate the 25th anniversary of
1522:of the French Consul of İzmir in a 17th-century
5032:Atatürk, His Mother and Women's Rights Monument
2950:The first organized excavations at the site of
2306:and presents a detailed report on İzmir to the
2263:that he manages for a time before returning to
1327:against the newly re-established Ottoman rule.
1285:) in the unique battle of his career against a
3272:, 425,000 square meters in area, is opened in
2806:to appear in his first collection of stories,
2467:, of a street served by a tram line and of an
864:, and a cult of Caracalla starts in the city.
4746:
4166:
2822:Population exchange between Greece and Turkey
2609:was considered to be built between İzmir and
2463:), as well as a 3250 m long combination of a
2316:in the modern sense start to be organized in
181:, daughter of the semi-legendary local ruler
8:
3855:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3605:. London: Hakluyt Society. pp. 445–447.
2359:company who will finish it in eleven years.
1488:The first attested presence in community of
201:The "Throne", conjecturally associated with
109:or under the same name as its neighborhood (
4053:Rudolf Naumann – Selahattin Kantar (1950).
3680:International dictionary of historic places
3450:"Random Facts about Great Fires in History"
2379:(93 km), contracted out at first to a
2267:where he writes important works related to
934:, son of a former contender to his throne,
541:indicate that the city-temple dedicated to
5096:
4790:
4753:
4739:
4731:
4173:
4159:
4151:
3254:2006 European Seniors Fencing Championship
3224:2004 World University Sailing Championship
2226:A European quarter in 19th century İzmir:
875:is martyrized in Smyrna by burning on the
717:of Pergamon, Smyrna is taken under direct
313:), they lay the foundations of the future
5143:St. John the Evangelist's Anglican Church
3428:İzmir and the Levantine world (1550–1650)
3073:popular quarter, with a second museum in
2974:Start of the construction of the Port of
2172:A Turkish quarter in 19th century İzmir:
2159:Images of cosmopolitan 19th century İzmir
1574:consulate in İzmir opens, moving in from
1552:consulate in İzmir opens, moving in from
1508:of Kalenderoğlu, Arap Said and Canbolat.
1088:In the same year as his expulsion of the
394:, some of whose wounds are healed in the
225:, deciphered as having been dedicated to
5047:Natural History Museum of Ege University
3773:(in French). Adamant Media Corporation.
3713:. Harvard University Press. p. 93.
3292:
3260:
3248:
3232:
3207:
3179:
3160:
3144:
3124:
3097:
3085:
3054:
3039:
3027:
3004:
2985:
2970:
2946:
2930:
2884:
2867:
2848:
2833:
2816:
2786:
2763:
2748:
2693:
2678:
2651:
2597:
2573:
2557:
2533:
2512:
2499:
2439:
2419:
2391:
2363:
2339:
2330:British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
2324:
2295:
2275:
2248:
2233:
2211:A Jewish quarter in 19th century İzmir:
2150:"qu'il n'en avait jamais vu de si belle"
2137:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2074:
2036:
2024:
2009:
1994:
1978:
1962:
1959:
1911:
1903:
1887:
1879:
1863:
1848:
1836:
1812:
1797:
1773:their residences to the İzmir suburb of
1764:
1716:
1708:. This time he writes the very detailed
1685:
1662:
1651:
1633:
1617:
1604:
1588:
1566:
1544:
1529:
1500:
1484:
1471:
1459:
1419:
1395:
1383:, including two among the most notable,
1363:
1331:
1319:
1300:
1269:
1246:
1230:
1198:
1187:
1171:
1159:
1139:
1084:
1032:
962:
942:
903:
883:
868:
852:
832:
805:
793:
784:
747:
725:
709:
693:
677:
666:
651:
636:
591:
576:
549:
525:
517:
489:
486:
437:
422:
387:
372:
340:
321:
292:
275:
260:
245:
97:
66:
51:
5042:Bostanlı Open-air Archaeological Museum
3468:
3183:İzmir's fourth and fifth universities,
3136:is founded, with present-day campus in
2874:is built over part of former Darağacı (
2794:, from end-September to mid-October as
2187:A Greek quarter in 19th century İzmir:
2162:
1925:
751:The first settling of scores after the
662:, capture Smyrna and ransack the city.
595:In the division of the provinces after
501:, admitted inside Smyrna by the city's
461:
124:
4022:Stadium on the surface, cemetery below
3848:
3618:
3608:
3503:Aegean Turkey: An archaeological guide
3390:Aegean Turkey: An archaeological guide
2355:(130 km), is contracted out to a
2328:In response to a questionnaire by the
918:, a few years after the Seljuk sultan
261:est. mid to end of third millennium BC
2415:) on the northern shore of the gulf.
2020:claims 45,000 lives in İzmir region.
1214:organize an alliance uniting several
771:, forces his way into the city where
360:and the male figure is identified as
7:
1740:and were generously welcomed by the
1492:, descendants of those evicted from
1323:Popular revolts based in Manisa and
509:, and Smyrna becomes the thirteenth
410:having been advised the baths by an
3128:İzmir's third university and first
2549:, where the shallows caused by the
713:With the death of last King of the
241:and their dependent principalities.
93:, last for at least two millennia.
5331:List of tallest buildings in İzmir
3532:M. G. Lay; James E. Vance (1992).
3152:, extending from Üçyol station in
2855:is held under the chairmanship of
2744:and on 15th, the force withdraws.
2585:, İzmir, between local youths and
2520:services between İzmir proper and
1922:İzmir in 19th century European art
14:
3947:"War in the Mediterranean – 1915"
1052:Neon Kastron, later to be named "
984:allow the Byzantine forces under
309:where, according to one account (
142:. Mount Yamanlar is also where a
5379:
5378:
4762:
4182:
3015:, Turkey's largest at the time (
2705:arrives off the deep end of the
2255:visits İzmir for a second time (
2219:
2204:
2180:
2165:
1940:
1928:
763:'s former favourite assigned to
464:
210:
194:
167:
127:
2778:government and by extension of
2776:Turkish Grand National Assembly
1151:is founded with its capital in
5062:İzmir Art and Sculpture Museum
1791:İzmir 1714 in an engraving by
753:Assassination of Julius Caesar
332:, named after him. His sister
1:
5409:Timelines of cities in Turkey
4994:İzmir University of Economics
4989:İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University
4984:İzmir Institute of Technology
4132:Published in the 20th century
4074:Published in the 19th century
3480:. Anatolian Studies, Vol. 48.
3185:İzmir University of Economics
3134:İzmir Institute of Technology
3104:, the first production-based
2757:Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)
2635:to French (1892) and then to
2581:match in Turkey is played in
1692:visits İzmir during a second
1309:cited more often as İzmiroğlu
5082:Yıldıztepe Military Cemetery
4140:"Smyrna in the 17th Century"
3710:Byzantine and Turkish Sardis
2907:, the director of İzmir and
2005:(1808) briefly visit İzmir.
697:Smyrna is transferred under
603:receives Smyrna, along with
5153:St. Mary's Church (Bornova)
5057:İzmir Archaeological Museum
4781:in English until about 1930
3599:Gibb, H.A.R. trans. and ed.
3211:In keeping with a move for
2601:A railway connection for a
1953:Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
1222:), composed notably of the
757:Publius Cornelius Dolabella
755:takes place in Smyrna when
158:) and also called as "Lake
5425:
4979:İzmir Democracy University
3794:Sonia P. Anderson (1989).
3743:Cambridge University Press
3413:Cecil John Cadoux (1938).
3019:) is built in view of the
2443:Upon the destruction by a
2308:Secretary of State for War
1613:populations towards İzmir
1080:) and dies there in 1254.
1075:later Nif and present-day
844:, according to the orator
476:Melesigenes (son of Meles)
17:
5375:
5230:Bergama Acropolis Gondola
5195:Signora Giveret Synagogue
5158:St. Mary's Church (Konak)
4974:İzmir Bakırçay University
4931:Turkish capture of Smyrna
4775:
4200:
3677:Ring, Trudy, ed. (1995).
3579:. Dr. Rudolf Hbelt GmbH,
2863:, founded the same year.
2836:
2236:
2101:Exports from the port of
1800:
1532:
1367:In a practice started by
950:and under the command of
922:'s 1071 victory over the
732:visits Roman Smyrna. The
601:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
572:, and destroys the city.
490:est. early 7th century BC
418:first began to prophesy.
388:est. c. 1194 BC – 1184 BC
248:
54:
5294:Buildings and structures
5265:Karşıyaka Ferry Terminal
5067:İzmir Ethnography Museum
4119:, London: James Duncan,
4020:"Üstü stad, altı mezar (
3542:Rutgers University Press
3478:Tarkasnawa, King of Mira
3432:University of Washington
3353:İzmir throughout history
3199:, are founded. Both are
3059:İzmir Archaeology Museum
3017:today the second largest
2936:İzmir International Fair
2631:), was submitted by the
2199:) hill in the background
2066:for having served as an
2060:, affectionately called
2058:İzmir Ethnography Museum
1777:, and later on, also to
1621:The construction by the
1504:İzmir is menaced by the
1202:Umur Bey transforms the
1101:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1048:John III Doukas Vatatzes
946:Turkish forces loyal to
826:early Christian writings
814:Saint Polycarp of Smyrna
5275:Pasaport Ferry Terminal
5220:Alsancak Ferry Terminal
4948:List of mayors of İzmir
4919:Greek landing at Smyrna
4080:William Hunter (1803),
3804:Oxford University Press
3499:George E. Bean (1967).
3426:Daniel Goffman (2000).
3386:George E. Bean (1967).
3236:İzmir hosts the Summer
3130:institute of technology
2853:İzmir Economic Congress
1793:Henri Abraham Chatelain
1638:Jean-Baptiste Tavernier
1423:Ottoman capture of the
1167:from Byzantine forces.
887:Following the death of
448:, seizes the throne of
5215:Adnan Menderes Airport
4964:Dokuz Eylül University
3902:Dokuz Eylül University
3769:Charles Joret (2005).
3651:, 1998. Archived from
3476:David Hawkins (1998).
3345:M. Çınar Atay (1978).
3238:World University Games
3091:Adnan Menderes Airport
3044:Dokuz Eylül University
3013:İzmir Atatürk Stadyumu
2872:İzmir Alsancak Stadium
2787:September–October 1922
2431:, until the demise of
1871:of Kızlarağası Han in
1852:English traveller and
1826:Köprülü Abdullah Pasha
1795:
1724:times, a community of
1527:
1060:, and "Okkale" by the
743:between 61 and 59 BC.
741:Quintus Tullius Cicero
734:Roman province of Asia
615:. It is his defeater,
518:slightly before 668 BC
5316:İzmir Parachute Tower
5174:Saint Voukolos Church
5163:Saint Polycarp Church
3585:University of Cologne
3574:"Journeys of Hadrian"
3089:İzmir's new airport,
2742:Evrenoszade Rahmi Bey
2253:Alphonse de Lamartine
1897:Society of Dilettanti
1790:
1517:
1050:builds a new castle (
893:Western Roman Empires
513:of the Ionian union.
5336:Yeni Kavaflar Market
5270:Konak Ferry Terminal
5250:İzmir Coach Terminal
5190:Bet Israel Synagogue
5148:St. John's Cathedral
5117:Kestanepazarı Mosque
5052:İnciraltı Sea Museum
4936:Great fire of Smyrna
4924:Occupation of Smyrna
4144:Blackwood's Magazine
4117:Syria and Asia Minor
3971:on 27 September 2007
3965:"İzmir Bombardımanı"
3892:Erkan Serçe (1998).
3707:Foss, Clive (1976).
3488:. Hittite Monuments.
3419:Blackwell Publishing
2769:Great Fire of Smyrna
2664:Raymond Charles Père
1986:of Çakaloğlu Han in
1592:İzmir is menaced by
897:Eastern Roman Empire
24:adding missing items
5168:St. Stepanos Church
3999:Boğaziçi University
3953:on 28 November 2006
3456:on 23 October 2010.
3270:İzmir Wildlife Park
3033:Mediterranean Games
3021:Mediterranean Games
2857:Mustafa Kemal Pasha
2826:Lausanne Conference
2802:to write his first
2792:American literature
2755:as of 15 May 1919,
2753:Occupation of İzmir
2619:Karaburun Peninsula
2577:The first recorded
2195:), with Susuzdede (
1496:in 1492, in İzmir.
1399:On 13 September, a
1283:Okkale, Saint Peter
1240:Saint Peter, Okkale
1177:Okkale, Saint Peter
1123:quarter across the
1113:Treaty of Nymphaion
982:Battle of Dorylaeum
928:Battle of Malazgirt
820:by stabbing in the
581:Alexander the Great
478:by the name of the
402:district of İzmir,
398:in the present-day
300:population, led by
105:) called either as
98:starting c. 3000 BC
5122:Salepçioğlu Mosque
4794:Central districts
4138:Wratislaw (1922).
3836:Utrecht University
3621:has generic name (
3348:Tarih içinde İzmir
3297:Ahmet Adnan Saygun
3148:The first line of
3061:, first set up in
2861:Republic of Turkey
2796:Toronto Daily Star
2658:, designed by the
2433:the Ottoman Empire
2423:İzmir becomes the
2125:İzmir becomes the
1891:English traveller
1796:
1706:Marquis de Nointel
1673:, the first known
1528:
1092:and re-capture of
988:'s brother-in-law
986:Alexios I Komnenos
681:Smyrna adheres to
493:Refugees from the
456:including Smyrna.
438:716 BC (or 680 BC)
39:historically also
5391:
5390:
5311:İzmir Clock Tower
5203:
5202:
4904:Timeline of İzmir
4892:
4891:
4728:
4727:
4034:on 4 January 2005
3645:Leiden University
3636:Hans Theunissen.
3555:978-0-8135-2691-1
3536:Ways of the World
3518:978-0-510-03200-5
3405:978-0-510-03200-5
3307:
3306:
2905:Selâhattin Kantar
2832:
2831:
2782:on 20 September.
2780:Republican Turkey
2662:French architect
2656:Izmir Clock Tower
2455:engineering, the
2257:the first in 1833
2156:
2155:
1951:) as imagined by
1919:
1918:
1785:
1784:
1738:Abbas I of Persia
1732:from the rule of
1512:
1511:
1098:Byzantine Emperor
932:Suleyman I of Rûm
645:Antiochus I Soter
460:
459:
444:, the founder of
123:
122:
5416:
5404:History of İzmir
5382:
5381:
5097:
5072:İzmir Toy Museum
5027:Atatürk Monument
4999:Yaşar University
4791:
4767:
4766:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4732:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4152:
4147:
4127:
4113:"Smyrna (Izmir)"
4104:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4030:. Archived from
4016:
4010:
4009:
4008:on 13 June 2010.
4007:
4001:. Archived from
3996:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3949:. Archived from
3943:
3937:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3875:Report on Smyrna
3871:George Rolleston
3867:
3861:
3860:
3854:
3846:
3844:
3833:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3801:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3658:on 29 April 2005
3657:
3642:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3606:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3578:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3539:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3506:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3484:Bilgin, Tayfun.
3481:
3473:
3457:
3452:. Archived from
3445:
3422:
3409:
3393:
3382:
3356:
3213:decentralization
3197:Yaşar University
3102:Aegean Free Zone
3031:İzmir hosts the
2925:
2902:
2834:
2824:in the frame of
2800:Ernest Hemingway
2798:reporter, leads
2729:seaplane carrier
2718:pre-dreadnoughts
2541:in its alluvial
2333:Sir Henry Bulwer
2300:George Rolleston
2234:
2223:
2208:
2184:
2169:
2142:Gustave Flaubert
2032:for four years.
1970:accorded by the
1960:
1944:
1932:
1893:Richard Chandler
1798:
1530:
1518:Audience by the
1275:Battle of Ankara
958:and its coasts.
924:Byzantine Empire
846:Aelius Aristides
721:administration.
658:, arriving from
642:Seleucid Emperor
487:
474:was also called
468:
246:
214:
198:
171:
131:
52:
28:reliable sources
5424:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5371:
5340:
5289:
5225:Balçova Gondola
5199:
5178:
5131:
5107:Başdurak Mosque
5092:
5086:
5037:Avrasya Anı Evi
5017:Agora of Smyrna
5009:
5003:
4952:
4888:
4857:
4795:
4782:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4729:
4724:
4196:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4137:
4107:
4079:
4071:
4069:Further reading
4066:
4065:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4005:
3994:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3963:
3956:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3847:
3845:on 4 July 2003.
3842:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3781:
3768:
3766:limited preview
3764:
3760:
3753:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3649:The Netherlands
3640:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3617:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3576:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3507:. Ernest Benn,
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3448:
3442:
3425:
3412:
3406:
3394:. Ernest Benn,
3385:
3379:
3359:
3344:
3340:
3312:
3063:Ayavukla Church
2919:
2896:
2828:on 30 January.
2516:Start of urban
2493:shopping center
2451:company and by
2403:quarter. İzmir-
2395:The quarter of
2311:
2230:
2224:
2215:
2209:
2200:
2185:
2176:
2170:
2161:
1956:
1945:
1936:
1933:
1924:
1857:Richard Pococke
1840:Two successive
1690:Antoine Galland
1526:by Jean du Mont
1405:Pietro Mocenigo
1345:Knights Templar
1335:Ottoman sultan
1259:the Thunderbolt
1224:Knights Templar
1204:Beylik of Aydin
842:Marcus Aurelius
715:Attalid dynasty
566:Cyrus the Great
563:Persian Emperor
483:
469:
446:Mermnad dynasty
396:thermal springs
373:est. c. 1200 BC
368:Hittite annals
322:est. c. 1360 BC
293:est. c. 1370 BC
276:est. c. 1440 BC
242:
215:
206:
199:
190:
172:
163:
132:
81:settlements in
73:region's first
67:c. 6000–4000 BC
50:
31:
12:
11:
5:
5422:
5420:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5396:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5384:Category:İzmir
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5285:Trams in İzmir
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5211:
5209:
5208:Transportation
5205:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5077:Women's Museum
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4969:Ege University
4966:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4941:Responsibility
4933:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4735:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:(1923–present)
4180:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4105:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4045:
4026:(in Turkish).
4011:
3990:Himmet Umunç.
3982:
3938:
3921:
3914:
3900:(in Turkish).
3884:
3862:
3819:
3812:
3786:
3779:
3758:
3751:
3745:. p. 91.
3729:
3719:
3699:
3689:
3669:
3628:
3590:
3561:
3554:
3524:
3517:
3491:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3440:
3423:
3410:
3404:
3383:
3377:
3357:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3201:private sector
3181:
3177:
3176:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3079:Bahribaba Park
3056:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3008:The multi-use
3006:
3002:
3001:
2990:Ege University
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:Aydın Province
2972:
2968:
2967:
2952:Archaic Period
2948:
2944:
2943:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2915:archaeologist
2894:Rudolf Naumann
2886:
2882:
2881:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2709:with armoured
2695:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2672:Abdul Hamid II
2653:
2649:
2648:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2485:Gustave Eiffel
2461:Pasaport Wharf
2441:
2437:
2436:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:Charles Texier
2076:
2072:
2071:
2070:for a period.
2038:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1946:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1859:visits İzmir.
1854:anthropologist
1850:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1783:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1742:Ottoman Empire
1718:
1714:
1713:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1658:visits İzmir.
1653:
1649:
1648:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1623:Ottoman Empire
1619:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1510:
1509:
1506:Jelali Revolts
1502:
1498:
1497:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1425:Genoese island
1421:
1417:
1416:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1094:Constantinople
1086:
1082:
1081:
1034:
1030:
1029:
964:
960:
959:
944:
940:
939:
905:
901:
900:
885:
881:
880:
870:
866:
865:
854:
850:
849:
834:
830:
829:
807:
803:
802:
795:
791:
790:
788:
782:
781:
749:
745:
744:
727:
723:
722:
711:
707:
706:
695:
691:
690:
679:
675:
674:
668:
664:
663:
653:
649:
648:
638:
634:
633:
593:
589:
588:
578:
574:
573:
561:, serving the
551:
547:
546:
527:
523:
522:
519:
515:
514:
491:
485:
484:
470:
463:
458:
457:
442:Gyges of Lydia
439:
435:
434:
427:Caravan Bridge
424:
420:
419:
389:
385:
384:
374:
370:
369:
342:
338:
337:
323:
319:
318:
317:civilization.
294:
290:
289:
277:
273:
272:
262:
258:
257:
252:
244:
243:
216:
209:
207:
200:
193:
191:
173:
166:
164:
140:Mount Yamanlar
133:
126:
121:
120:
99:
95:
94:
83:Yeşilova Höyük
68:
64:
63:
58:
49:
46:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5421:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5386:
5385:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:Port of İzmir
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:Neighborhoods
4860:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4770:
4765:
4756:
4751:
4749:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
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4343:
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4338:
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4333:
4331:
4328:
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4321:
4318:
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4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
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4278:
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4268:
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4228:
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4218:
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4211:
4208:
4206:
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4202:
4199:
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4176:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4109:Josiah Conder
4106:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4056:
4049:
4046:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4015:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3983:
3970:
3966:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3915:975-6981-06-7
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3820:
3815:
3813:0-19-820132-X
3809:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3780:1-4212-4722-4
3776:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3752:0-521-64304-X
3748:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3720:9780674089693
3716:
3712:
3711:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3690:9781884964022
3686:
3682:
3681:
3673:
3670:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3495:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3441:0-295-96932-6
3437:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3380:
3378:0-7103-0776-4
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3361:Ekrem Akurgal
3358:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:initiatives.
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:joint-venture
3107:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2964:Meral Akurgal
2961:
2960:Ekrem Akurgal
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2918:
2917:Franz Miltner
2914:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:George Horton
2734:
2730:
2726:
2725:HMS Swiftsure
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2547:Gulf of İzmir
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2526:Abdülhamid II
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2508:(1895–1907).
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2487:, is today's
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2465:landing stage
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:Chateaubriand
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1837:1712 and 1717
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:Sublime Porte
1699:
1698:Mediterranean
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:Evliya Çelebi
1654:
1650:
1647:
1644:, and 15,000
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:Gulf of İzmir
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:Sephardi Jews
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:crown princes
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:
973:
969:
968:First Crusade
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
808:
806:155 or 156 AD
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:
787:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:Julius Caesar
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
735:
731:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:
665:
661:
657:
654:
650:
646:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
579:
575:
571:
567:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:Ekrem Akurgal
535:
531:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
481:
477:
473:
467:
462:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
390:
386:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
283:, called the
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
263:
259:
256:
253:
251:
247:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
213:
208:
204:
197:
192:
188:
187:Gulf of İzmir
184:
180:
176:
175:Mount Sipylus
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:Gulf of İzmir
130:
125:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:Gulf of İzmir
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
57:
53:
47:
45:
43:
42:
36:
29:
25:
21:
16:
5377:
5112:Hisar Mosque
5022:Atatürk Mask
4957:Universities
4903:
4143:
4116:
4085:
4048:
4036:. Retrieved
4032:the original
4021:
4014:
4003:the original
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3969:the original
3955:. Retrieved
3951:the original
3941:
3924:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3874:
3865:
3840:the original
3822:
3797:
3789:
3770:
3761:
3738:
3732:
3724:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3679:
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3653:the original
3631:
3619:|first=
3602:
3593:
3564:
3535:
3527:
3502:
3494:
3477:
3471:
3454:the original
3427:
3414:
3389:
3364:
3352:
3347:
3264:An open air
3252:İzmir hosts
3222:İzmir hosts
3169:bus terminal
3067:Gözlü Church
3016:
2956:John M. Cook
2875:
2842:
2837:
2807:
2733:minesweepers
2714:HMS Euryalus
2685:building in
2633:Ottoman Bank
2626:
2472:
2460:
2445:seismic wave
2412:
2383:, then to a
2372:
2348:
2256:
2242:
2237:
2197:Agios Agapis
2196:
2192:
2158:
2149:
2115:Abdülmecid I
2061:
2013:A four-year
1984:caravanserai
1948:
1921:
1869:caravanserai
1820:centered in
1806:
1801:
1579:
1557:
1538:
1533:
1433:Sakız, Chios
1432:
1403:fleet under
1348:
1308:
1290:
1282:
1258:
1239:
1219:
1176:
1111:, signs the
1090:Latin Empire
1074:
1051:
1040:
1022:Philadelphia
997:
975:
948:Süleyman Bey
889:Theodosius I
822:amphitheater
769:Roman Senate
671:Antiochus II
592:323 – 280 BC
475:
358:Tudhaliya IV
296:Part of the
254:
249:
231:King of Mira
151:
147:
110:
79:Chalcolithic
60:
55:
38:
32:
20:dynamic list
15:
5255:İzmir Metro
5170:(destroyed)
5127:Yalı Mosque
5008:Museums and
4787:Settlements
4082:"Letter XI"
4038:31 December
3975:21 February
3957:21 February
3662:21 February
3570:Ronald Syme
3322:in Turkey:
3286:Gediz River
3242:Universiade
3171:in İzmir's
3150:İzmir Metro
3112:in İzmir's
2920: [
2897: [
2880:) quarter.
2809:In Our Time
2804:short story
2721:HMS Triumph
2699:World War I
2615:Peloponnese
2591:shore leave
2589:sailors on
2539:Gediz River
2506:Eşref Pasha
2314:horse races
2304:Crimean War
2110:3 July 1845
2001:(1806) and
1746:Paul Rycaut
1359:) instead.
1220:Sancta Unio
1192:Ibn Battuta
1125:Golden Horn
1054:Saint Peter
990:John Doukas
480:River Meles
431:River Meles
330:Peloponnese
162:" is found.
144:crater lake
5398:Categories
5352:Cumhuriyet
5321:Kültürpark
5306:Buca Gölet
5260:İzmir Tram
5183:Synagogues
4909:Kadifekale
4838:Karabağlar
4833:Güzelbahçe
3544:. p.
3482:See also;
3369:Kegan Paul
3219:district.
3167:, the new
3118:Space Camp
3075:Kültürpark
2940:Kültürpark
2934:The fifth
2843:Occurrence
2668:Wilhelm II
2567:Halkapınar
2489:Konak Pier
2312:The first
2243:Occurrence
2174:Kadifekale
2146:Kadifekale
2091:quarantine
2003:Lord Byron
1807:Occurrence
1710:manuscript
1618:1650–1665
1539:Occurrence
1389:Süleyman I
1313:Cüneyd Bey
1263:Kadifekale
1208:Aegean Sea
1165:Kadifekale
956:Aegean Sea
920:Alp Arslan
838:earthquake
836:A violent
818:martyrized
786:Common Era
738:propraetor
685:, King of
626:Alexandria
621:Asia Minor
619:, King of
617:Lysimachus
599:'s death,
511:city state
433:is built.
392:Trojan War
362:Tarkasnawa
341:c. 1200 BC
255:Occurrence
227:Tarkasnawa
152:Black Lake
61:Occurrence
18:This is a
5326:Ülkü Park
5093:buildings
5091:Religious
5010:monuments
4884:Kemeraltı
4874:İnciraltı
4853:Narlıdere
4843:Karşıyaka
4777:Known as
4102:14046026M
3879:year=1856
3611:cite book
3486:"Karabel"
3463:Footnotes
3318:of other
3316:Timelines
3301:Güzelyalı
3145:1995–2000
3106:free zone
2749:1919–1922
2660:Levantine
2605:-powered
2598:1892–1895
2569:quarter.
2558:1886–1897
2522:Karşıyaka
2500:1868–1895
2491:upmarket
2469:esplanade
2440:1867–1876
2409:Karşıyaka
2364:1863–1866
2340:1856–1867
2291:in 1857.
2276:1851–1854
2249:1850–1851
2068:orphanage
2025:1823–1827
2010:1812–1816
1995:1806–1808
1988:Kemeraltı
1963:1803–1816
1949:Bournabat
1947:Bornova (
1873:Kemeraltı
1726:Armenians
1722:Byzantine
1663:1676–1677
1589:1624–1626
1524:engraving
1501:1605–1606
1465:Kemeraltı
1385:Mehmed II
1373:shahzades
1353:Petronium
1325:Karaburun
1320:1413–1420
1287:Christian
1279:Tamerlane
1255:Bayezid I
1218:parties (
1212:Venetians
1199:1334–1345
1115:with the
1105:Venetians
1077:Kemalpaşa
1071:Nymphaion
1067:Kemeraltı
1056:" by the
1033:1231–1235
970:siege of
858:Caracalla
777:proconsul
773:Trebonius
683:Attalus I
656:Galatians
609:Pamphylia
597:Alexander
583:conquers
550:c. 540 BC
526:c. 600 BC
507:Herodotus
416:Asclepius
408:Agamemnon
381:colonists
354:Kemalpaşa
311:Herodotus
302:Tyrrhenus
223:Kemalpaşa
150:(meaning
75:Neolithic
5357:Gündoğdu
5136:Churches
4869:Alsancak
4828:Gaziemir
4808:Bayraklı
4205:Pre-1923
4111:(1824),
4094:10321359
3851:cite web
3601:(1962).
3572:(1998).
3363:(2002).
3332:Istanbul
3310:See also
3173:Altındağ
3114:Gaziemir
2976:Alsancak
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1305:Aydinids
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5345:Squares
5301:Asansör
5240:İzdeniz
5100:Mosques
4897:History
4879:Karataş
4813:Bornova
4803:Balçova
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4028:Radikal
3934:Menemen
3930:Phocaea
3338:Sources
3284:of the
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4092:
3912:
3810:
3777:
3749:
3717:
3687:
3552:
3515:
3509:London
3438:
3402:
3396:London
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3324:Ankara
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907:First
877:gibbet
853:214 BC
730:Cicero
710:130 BC
694:190 BC
678:241 BC
667:275 BC
660:Thrace
652:278 BC
637:280 BC
585:Smyrna
577:333 BC
555:Median
543:Athena
530:Lydian
495:Ionian
423:850 BC
412:oracle
406:under
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5245:İZBAN
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4848:Konak
4823:Çiğli
4769:İzmir
4189:Years
4058:(PDF)
4006:(PDF)
3995:(PDF)
3906:İzmir
3843:(PDF)
3832:(PDF)
3656:(PDF)
3641:(PDF)
3577:(PDF)
3351:[
3328:Bursa
3282:delta
3278:Çiğli
3154:Hatay
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2901:]
2890:Agora
2645:Crete
2628:Chios
2623:Sakız
2611:Çeşme
2603:steam
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2281:Padua
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1062:Turks
1014:Samos
1002:Chios
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765:Syria
748:43 BC
726:78 BC
719:Roman
699:Roman
613:Lycia
532:king
472:Homer
450:Lydia
344:Late
334:Niobe
179:Niobe
103:höyük
71:İzmir
35:İzmir
26:with
4818:Buca
4720:2025
4715:2024
4710:2023
4705:2022
4700:2021
4695:2020
4690:2019
4685:2018
4680:2017
4675:2016
4670:2015
4665:2014
4660:2013
4655:2012
4650:2011
4645:2010
4640:2009
4635:2008
4630:2007
4625:2006
4620:2005
4615:2004
4610:2003
4605:2002
4600:2001
4595:2000
4590:1999
4585:1998
4580:1997
4575:1996
4570:1995
4565:1994
4560:1993
4555:1992
4550:1991
4545:1990
4540:1989
4535:1988
4530:1987
4525:1986
4520:1985
4515:1984
4510:1983
4505:1982
4500:1981
4495:1980
4490:1979
4485:1978
4480:1977
4475:1976
4470:1975
4465:1974
4460:1973
4455:1972
4450:1971
4445:1970
4440:1969
4435:1968
4430:1967
4425:1966
4420:1965
4415:1964
4410:1963
4405:1962
4400:1961
4395:1960
4390:1959
4385:1958
4380:1957
4375:1956
4370:1955
4365:1954
4360:1953
4355:1952
4350:1951
4345:1950
4340:1949
4335:1948
4330:1947
4325:1946
4320:1945
4315:1944
4310:1943
4305:1942
4300:1941
4295:1940
4290:1939
4285:1938
4280:1937
4275:1936
4270:1935
4265:1934
4260:1933
4255:1932
4250:1931
4245:1930
4240:1929
4235:1928
4230:1927
4225:1926
4220:1925
4215:1924
4210:1923
4121:OCLC
4090:OCLC
4040:2004
3977:2007
3959:2007
3910:ISBN
3857:link
3808:ISBN
3775:ISBN
3747:ISBN
3715:ISBN
3685:ISBN
3664:2007
3623:help
3581:Bonn
3550:ISBN
3513:ISBN
3436:ISBN
3400:ISBN
3373:ISBN
3293:2008
3261:2008
3249:2006
3233:2005
3208:2004
3180:2002
3161:1998
3138:Urla
3125:1992
3098:1990
3086:1987
3055:1984
3048:Buca
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2986:1955
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2958:and
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2931:1936
2903:and
2885:1932
2868:1929
2849:1923
2838:Date
2817:1923
2764:1922
2727:, a
2723:and
2707:Gulf
2694:1915
2679:1907
2652:1901
2643:and
2607:tram
2574:1890
2551:silt
2534:1886
2513:1874
2477:yalı
2420:1867
2392:1865
2325:1860
2318:Buca
2296:1856
2261:Tire
2238:Date
2138:1850
2122:1850
2098:1840
2086:1837
2075:1836
2037:1831
1979:1804
1968:ayan
1912:1778
1904:1772
1888:1766
1880:1763
1864:1744
1849:1739
1822:Buca
1818:riot
1813:1707
1802:Date
1775:Buca
1765:1688
1717:1678
1686:1678
1652:1671
1634:1657
1610:efes
1570:The
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1520:Qadi
1485:1605
1472:1595
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1449:qadi
1429:Scio
1420:1566
1411:and
1409:Foça
1396:1472
1387:and
1364:1437
1332:1425
1301:1416
1270:1402
1247:1390
1236:Pope
1231:1348
1188:1333
1172:1329
1160:1317
1140:1308
1085:1261
966:The
963:1097
943:1081
904:1079
703:Roma
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