494:
658:
Garrido; Hallgren, Fredrik; Khartanovich, Valery; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kunst, Michael; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Nicklisch, Nicole; Pichler, Sandra L.; Risch, Roberto; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Roth, Christina; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Wahl, Joachim; Meyer, Matthias; Krause, Johannes; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt Werner; Reich, David (10 February 2015).
109:
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314:. Traders and displaced people seem to have moved from one country to the other on the basis of agreements between Ḫattusa and Luwiya. It has been argued that the Luwians never formed a single unified Luwian state but populated a number of polities where they mixed with other population groups, though a minority opinion holds that the Luwians formed a unified socio-political group.
291:
631:
742:
Allentoft, Morten E.; Sikora, Martin; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Rasmussen, Simon; Rasmussen, Morten; Stenderup, Jesper; Damgaard, Peter B.; Schroeder, Hannes; Ahlström, Torbjörn; Vinner, Lasse; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Margaryan, Ashot; Higham, Tom; Chivall, David; Lynnerup, Niels; Harvig, Lise; Baron,
798:
Mathieson, Iain; Lazaridis, Iosif; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Pickrell, Joseph; Meller, Harald; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Krause, Johannes; Anthony, David; Brown, Dorcas; Fox, Carles
Lalueza; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt W.; Haak, Wolfgang; Patterson, Nick; Reich, David (14 March
657:
Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei; Mittnik, Alissa; Bánffy, Eszter; Economou, Christos; Francken, Michael; Friederich, Susanne; Pena, Rafael
743:
Justyna; Casa, Philippe Della; Dąbrowski, Paweł; Duffy, Paul R.; Ebel, Alexander V.; Epimakhov, Andrey; Frei, Karin; Furmanek, Mirosław; Gralak, Tomasz; Gromov, Andrey; Gronkiewicz, Stanisław; Grupe, Gisela; Hajdu, Tamás; Jarysz, Radosław (2015).
329:. The area was conquered by the Hittites in the 16th century BC. Around 1500, the area broke off and became the kingdom of Kizzuwatna, whose ruler used the title of "Great King", like the Hittite ruler. The Hittite king
364:
may have had at least partially Luwian-speaking populations, though current evidence leaves room for doubt, and this is a matter of controversy in contemporary scholarship.
511:
After the collapse of the
Hittite Empire c. 1180 BCE, several small principalities developed in northern Syria and southwestern Anatolia. In south-central Anatolia was
1002:, in: Tagungsband zum Symposion im Braunschweigischen Landesmuseum am 8. und 9. Juni 2001 im Rahmen der Ausstellung “Troia: Traum und Wirklichkeit”. Braunschweig:
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arose in northern Syria. The
Luwians are known largely from their language, and it is unclear to what extent they formed a unified cultural or political group.
1535:
341:. Soon after this, the area seems to have been incorporated into the Hittite empire and remained so until its collapse around 1190 BC at the hands of
270:
were already two distinct languages at this point. The
Luwians most likely lived in southern and western Anatolia, perhaps with a political centre at
1144:
Syro-Hittite
Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance: The Stone Reliefs at Carchemish and Zincirli in the Earlier First Millennium BCE
278:
without any differentiation. This term seems to derive from the name of the
Luwians, with the change from l/n resulting from the mediation of
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1466:
1448:
551:. The princes and traders of these kingdoms used Hieroglyphic Luwian in inscriptions, the latest of which date to the 8th century BC. The
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had to conclude a treaty with King Išputaḫšu, which was renewed by his successors. Under King
Pilliya, Kizzuwatna became a vassal of the
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337:. Around 1420, King Šunaššura of Mitanni renounced control of Kizzuwatna and concluded an alliance with the Hittite king
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858:"Different types of multiethnic societies and different patterns of development and change in the prehistoric Near East"
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274:. The Assyrian colonists and traders who were present in Anatolia at this time refer to the local people as
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The Horse, the Wheel, and
Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
1503:
keynote lecture by Dr. Eberhard
Zangger given at Klosters' 50th Winterseminar, 18 January 2015 (online at
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Statue from the Post-Hittite period, representing king Šuppiluliuma, ruler of the Luwian state of
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1256:"The Political Geography of North Syria and South-East Anatolia in the Neo-Assyrian Period"
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1193:. Vol. 3. London-Ankara: British Institute of Archeology at Ankara. pp. 91–94.
1239:. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul. pp. 75–86.
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laws from the 17th century BC contain cases relating to the then independent regions of
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660:"Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe"
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Luwians first appear in the historical record around 2000 BC, with the presence of
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Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New
Science of the Human Past
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Aramaean Borders: Defining Aramaean Territories in the 10th–8th Centuries B.C.E
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1216:. Vol. 2. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan. pp. 1295–1307.
1365:"Exploring the Lower Settlements of Iron Age Capitals in Anatolia and Syria"
882:
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which probably consisted of several small city-states, in Cilicia there was
251:
901:
776:
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172:. Luwian was probably spoken over a larger geographic region than Hittite.
1380:
1187:"The end of the Bronze age in Anatolia: New Light from Recent Discoveries"
290:
92:, Luwian replaced Hittite as the empire's dominant language. In the early
1492:
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1170:. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 372–441.
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768:
703:
1133:
Billie Jean Collins, Mary R. Bachvarova, & Ian C. Rutherford, eds.
1072:
The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History
516:
421: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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130:
17:
1000:
Troia – Traum und Wirklichkeit: Ein Mythos in Geschichte und Rezeption
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circa 3000 BC. More plausible is a westward migration route along the
916:
The Early Trans-Caucasian Culture in Iran: Perspectives and problems.
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933:"Petra Goedegebuure Anatolians on the Move: From Kurgans to Kanesh"
813:
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1459:
The Luwian Civilisation: The Missing Link in the Aegean Bronze Age
1330:"Settlement Planning and Urban Symbology in Syro-Anatolian Cities"
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492:
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289:
107:
1210:"Karkamish and Karatepe: Neo-Hittite City-States in North Syria"
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These states were largely destroyed and incorporated into the
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45:
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had its own dialect of Luwian, distinct from that spoken in
1135:
Anatolian Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks and their Neighbours
1051:(2nd revised ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
54:
51:
325:. Kizzuwatna was the Hittite and Luwian name for ancient
1233:"Great Kings and Country Lords at Malatya and Karkamiš"
1501:"The Luwians: A Lost Civilization Comes Back to Life"
1237:
Studio Historiae Ardens: Ancient Near Eastern Studies
801:"Eight thousand years of natural selection in Europe"
129:
There is no consensus on the origins of the Luwians.
60:
57:
48:
1419:"Aramaean Borders: the Hieroglyphic Luwian Evidence"
1313:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 239–256.
42:
1399:
The Syro-Anatolian City-States: An Iron Age Culture
371:has argued that Luwian was spoken from the eastern
156:culture, implying entry into Anatolia from ancient
39:
1288:. Exhibition catalog. Stuttgart: Theiss, 2002,
862:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
148:Their route into Anatolia is unknown. Linguist
80:, Luwians formed part of the population of the
1164:"The Neo-Hittite States in Syria and Anatolia"
918:Paléorient 2014 Volume 40 Numéro 2 pp. 155-168
1311:A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages
501:(orange shades) states in the 8th century BCE
8:
1262:. Roma: Università di Roma. pp. 87–101.
745:"Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia"
214:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1425:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 125–148.
317:During the Hittite period, the kingdom of
168:by proto-Luwians of the rapidly expanding
1345:
891:
881:
812:
711:
693:
675:
481:Learn how and when to remove this message
234:Learn how and when to remove this message
931:Goedegebuure, Petra (February 5, 2020).
566:(911–605 BC) during the 9th century BC.
262:, dating from between 1950 and 1700 BC (
1441:Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language
612:
610:
606:
1214:Civilizations of the Ancient Near East
1147:. Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter.
998:Hartmut Blum. “Luwier in der Ilias?”,
258:documents from the Assyrian colony of
1515:American Society of Overseas Research
1512:Putting the Luwian Culture on the Map
1402:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1075:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1027:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1024:Life and Society in the Hittite World
7:
1095:"The Land of Hiyawa (Que) Revisited"
926:
924:
419:adding citations to reliable sources
212:adding citations to reliable sources
1510:Eberhard Zangger and Serdal Mutlu,
352:Western Anatolian kingdoms such as
152:suggested they were related to the
620:, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
497:Various Luwian (Post-Hittite) and
25:
1536:Ancient peoples of the Near East
1334:Cambridge Archaeological Journal
395:
184:
35:
1004:Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum
943:from the original on 2021-12-21
406:needs additional citations for
266:), which shows that Luwian and
636:. Princeton University Press.
523:, on the Euphrates there were
96:, a number of Luwian-speaking
1:
1461:. Istanbul: Yayinlari, 2016,
1254:Hawkins, John David (1995c).
1231:Hawkins, John David (1995b).
1208:Hawkins, John David (1995a).
1168:The Cambridge Ancient History
1141:Gilibert, Alessandra (2011).
856:Frangipane, Marcella (2015).
84:and adjoining states such as
1185:Hawkins, John David (1994).
1162:Hawkins, John David (1982).
1137:. London: Oxbow Books, 2008.
383:during the Hittite Kingdom.
1488:Räuberbanden im Mittelmeer.
1048:The Kingdom of the Hittites
559:is particularly important.
1572:
1551:Bronze Age peoples of Asia
1396:Osborne, James F. (2020).
1363:Osborne, James F. (2017).
1328:Osborne, James F. (2014).
1286:Die Hethiter und ihr Reich
504:
367:Petra Goedegebuure of the
68:were an ancient people in
27:Group of Anatolian peoples
1347:10.1017/S0959774314000444
1111:10.1017/S0066154616000053
630:David W. Anthony (2010).
145:have all been suggested.
118:National Museum of Aleppo
1556:Iron Age peoples of Asia
1546:Late Bronze Age collapse
824:– via biorxiv.org.
535:and (east of the river)
519:, in northern Syria was
1443:. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
1273:. Leiden: Brill, 2003,
883:10.1073/pnas.1419883112
1260:Neo-Assyrian Geography
555:inscription of prince
502:
299:
121:
1417:Simon, Zsolt (2019).
1381:10.15184/aqy.2016.254
914:Geoffrey D. Summers,
616:Reich, David (2018),
596:Luwian-Aramean states
496:
293:
143:Pontic–Caspian steppe
111:
1439:Ilya S. Yakubovich.
951:– via YouTube.
415:improve this article
379:and as far north as
208:improve this section
1191:Anatolian Iron Ages
961:H. Craig Melchert:
874:2015PNAS..112.9182F
834:H. Craig Melchert:
769:10.1038/nature14507
761:2015Natur.522..167A
704:10.1038/NATURE14317
686:2015Natur.522..207H
586:Hieroglyphic Luwian
564:Neo-Assyrian Empire
507:Syro-Hittite states
387:Post-Hittite period
256:Old Assyrian Empire
170:Kura–Araxes culture
90:Hittite New Kingdom
1481:Luwian Studies.org
937:Oriental Institute
553:Karatepe Bilingual
503:
369:Oriental Institute
300:
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98:Neo-Hittite states
1541:Anatolian peoples
1467:978-605-9680-11-0
1449:978-90-04-17791-8
1267:H. Craig Melchert
1099:Anatolian Studies
1014:, pp. 40–47.
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112:Luwian storm god
16:(Redirected from
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