3540:
5655:
3533:
2037:
2862:
2848:
5107:
4328:
5093:
2841:
5100:
2043:
3547:
147:
429:
2855:
420:
5668:
4346:
411:
4334:
4353:
5662:
476:
5087:
4341:
129:
585:
reveals that tyrannosaurs had yet to achieve huge size at this time but had already evolved key brain and sensory features of the gigantic latest
Cretaceous species. These features were originally thought to be unique to big tyrannosaurs, as they evolved into large animals. Tyrannosaurs apparently
462:
of front back vertebra; CCMGE 432/12457: a middle back vertebra; ZIN PH 951/16: a front tail vertebra; ZIN PH 120/16: a middle tail vertebra; ZIN PH 120/16: a rear tail vertebra; ZINPH 619/16; and USNM 538167: a toe claw. These fossils were referred under the assumption that but a single
458:; ZIN PH 2330/16: a left frontal bone; ZIN PH 2296/16: a left quadrate; ZIN PH 15/16: a piece of a right dentary; ZIN PH 1239/16: a right articular with angular; ZIN PH 671/16: a front neck vertebra; USNM 538131: a rear neck vertebra; USNM 538132: the
572:
age of the early Late
Cretaceous, right before the rise of the advanced tyrannosaurids. There had been a twenty million year "tyrannosaur gap" in the fossil records of the tyrannosauroid timeline, between the small "marginal hunters" and the
454:, consisting of the braincase. Other bones, not belonging to a single individual, and described in 2012, were referred to the species. These included the specimens ZIN PH 854/16: the right half of a braincase; ZIN PH 676/16: a right
363:
and ear canals. The braincase was stored in a cardboard box in the
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, until tyrannosaur expert Steve Brusatte identified it as a distinctive new species in 2014.
1031:
was likely a pursuit hunter with blade-like teeth for slicing through meat, based on its skeletal remains. The robustness of the semicircular inner ear canals might be related to a greater agility.
586:
developed huge size rapidly during the late
Cretaceous, and their success in the top predator role may have been enabled by their brain and keen senses which first evolved at a smaller body size.
644:
than that of the larger tyrannosaurids; the increased airspaces with the later forms might have been an adaptation to lighten the skull or to keep a good hearing ability despite the larger size.
1175:
483:
The holotype specimen belonging to a subadult was about 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) long and weighed 170–270 kg (370–600 lb). ZIN PH 1239/16 represents a larger, adult individual.
590:
s small size indicates that tyrannosaurs only evolved their large size in the last twenty million years of their evolution. It is unknown what precisely triggered the size increase.
1204:
Averianov, A.; Sues, H-D. (2012). "Skeletal remains of
Tyrannosauroidea (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bissekty Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Turonian) of Uzbekistan".
1157:
1353:
5777:
5757:
1329:
1183:
1303:
502:
and the ear vestibule form a funnel-shaped recess penetrating deep into the ear zone and having a wide exit on the side wall of the braincase. The
5782:
3539:
1421:
Wolfe, D.G.; McDonald, A.T.; Kirkland, J.I.; Turner, A.H.; Smith, N.D.; Brusatte, S.L.; Loewen, M.A.; Denton, R.K.; Nesbitt, S.J. (6 May 2019).
5772:
3532:
1043:, an adaptation to hearing low-frequency sounds. This might be an indication that the animal used low calls to communicate within the species.
5654:
1396:
636:
were disappearing from the environment or dying out, creating a vacant niche, allowing tyrannosaurs to become apex predators. The head of
1499:
490:, the central upper bone of the rear of the skull, has a diamond-shaped process pointing to below and not reaching the upper rim of the
1100:"New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs"
438:
2861:
4327:
1052:
2847:
5092:
2036:
5762:
2840:
5106:
2042:
5533:
4345:
3546:
5767:
5099:
2854:
1241:"A new carcharodontosaurian theropod dinosaur occupies apex predator niche in the early Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan"
146:
5667:
4352:
550:
The genus is important in showing how earlier small tyrannosauroids evolved into the large
Tyrannosauridae like
1587:
4333:
5661:
1450:
1492:
388:
5752:
5687:
1422:
487:
351:
From 1944 onwards, tyrannosauroid fossil material consisting of single bones has been described from the
5747:
5719:
4058:
3970:
1151:
641:
486:
In 2016, several distinguishing traits were established, all pertaining to the holotype braincase. The
5086:
1423:"A mid-Cretaceous tyrannosauroid and the origin of North American end-Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages"
5619:
3747:
3715:
1252:
1213:
1111:
1057:
258:
4071:
3858:
437:
Tooth (left), cervical vertebra (middle), and cast of holotypic braincase (ZIN PH 1146/16, right),
368:
4340:
494:. The basioccipital has extremely short basal tubers, only attaining a third of the height of the
5526:
4047:
3907:
3763:
3703:
3138:
3048:
2931:
1795:
1485:
1463:
1377:
507:
352:
318:
141:
5724:
1098:
Stephen L. Brusatte, Alexander
Averianov, Hans-Dieter Sues, Amy Muir and Ian B. Butler (2016).
5408:
5325:
5299:
5138:
5125:
5003:
4561:
4513:
3345:
2695:
1774:
1455:
1280:
1139:
685:
617:
495:
5512:
5269:
5179:
4968:
4900:
4763:
4682:
4654:
4614:
4495:
4465:
3983:
3736:
3600:
3457:
3357:
3206:
3113:
3071:
2638:
1948:
1445:
1437:
1270:
1260:
1221:
1129:
1119:
886:
671:
522:
428:
372:
233:
419:
5575:
5313:
5276:
5208:
5063:
5056:
4884:
4826:
4799:
4789:
4749:
4584:
4443:
4427:
4245:
4217:
4195:
4082:
3927:
3634:
3408:
3291:
3269:
3190:
3019:
2996:
2989:
2967:
2953:
2946:
2907:
2758:
2605:
2532:
2521:
2457:
2345:
2232:
1809:
1718:
1572:
1547:
928:
557:
544:
330:
322:
41:
560:
period of Asia and North
America. The species is not believed to be a direct ancestor of
1256:
1217:
1115:
5787:
5540:
5503:
5484:
5446:
5435:
5232:
4945:
4911:
4893:
4873:
4770:
4484:
4229:
4091:
3918:
3900:
3728:
3695:
3681:
3642:
3416:
3277:
3234:
3227:
3149:
3125:
3078:
3037:
2974:
2960:
2688:
2673:
2500:
2334:
2198:
2166:
2155:
2132:
2094:
1955:
1925:
1849:
1788:
1687:
1275:
1240:
1134:
1099:
1040:
911:
526:
491:
410:
384:
304:
5741:
5582:
5428:
5389:
5368:
5247:
5240:
5167:
4961:
4934:
4808:
4725:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4632:
4549:
4412:
4384:
4371:
4295:
4172:
4012:
3846:
3777:
3663:
3650:
3395:
3373:
3366:
3330:
3303:
3255:
3179:
2915:
2706:
2680:
2596:
2577:
2570:
2507:
2486:
2465:
2450:
2436:
2395:
2361:
2354:
2273:
2125:
2012:
2005:
1932:
1902:
1891:
1781:
1752:
1745:
1671:
1467:
1304:"New horse-sized tyrannosaur with big brain reveals how "T. rex" became top predator"
836:
786:
716:
574:
552:
531:
79:
5554:
5492:
5462:
5382:
5375:
5353:
5345:
5225:
5217:
5197:
4920:
4839:
4777:
4668:
4639:
4591:
4420:
4405:
4180:
4112:
4040:
4019:
3998:
3814:
3770:
3578:
3565:
3495:
3448:
3323:
3213:
3165:
3158:
3095:
3064:
3057:
2938:
2765:
2617:
2514:
2416:
2409:
2304:
2288:
2224:
2175:
2107:
1884:
1767:
1760:
1731:
1694:
1663:
861:
540:
356:
334:
266:
17:
1225:
5710:
5608:
5589:
5519:
5469:
5455:
5397:
5338:
5283:
5160:
4954:
4846:
4815:
4732:
4450:
4398:
4266:
4188:
4151:
4033:
4005:
3958:
3878:
3756:
3613:
3464:
3437:
3337:
3284:
3220:
3199:
3172:
2923:
2736:
2729:
2715:
2541:
2388:
2379:
2281:
2252:
2182:
2147:
2140:
1940:
1918:
1911:
1870:
1862:
1838:
1823:
1802:
1710:
1702:
1397:"Timurlengia euotica: Distant relative of T-rex shows how dinosaur became giant"
633:
499:
475:
459:
54:
1104:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5547:
5476:
5421:
5042:
4857:
4675:
4661:
4646:
4598:
4532:
4458:
4280:
4273:
4259:
4165:
4098:
4026:
3990:
3943:
3885:
3871:
3838:
3830:
3823:
3804:
3627:
3592:
3380:
2981:
2772:
2722:
2659:
2630:
2585:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2472:
2368:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2296:
2216:
2087:
1963:
1816:
1679:
1538:
1441:
752:
734:
314:
204:
99:
64:
1330:"New Tyrannosaur Species Reveals How the King of the Dinosaurs Won Its Crown"
5568:
5561:
5261:
5254:
4927:
4866:
4520:
4238:
3784:
3688:
3423:
3008:
2893:
2880:
2807:
2743:
2666:
2645:
2402:
2265:
2073:
2060:
1978:
1830:
1649:
1636:
1599:
1508:
1378:"Newly discovered dinosaur reveals how T. rex became king of the Cretaceous"
1124:
629:
621:
601:
first, as hypothesised by Hans-Dieter Sues, one of the fossil's describers.
503:
217:
158:
104:
48:
1459:
1284:
1143:
359:, which would have anchored the dinosaur's neck muscles and protected its
5704:
5152:
4577:
4570:
4542:
4435:
3935:
3316:
2652:
2479:
2240:
1877:
1556:
1532:
569:
447:
395:
326:
310:
307:
191:
178:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
1265:
1239:
Tanaka K, Anvarov OU, Zelenitsky DK, Ahmedshaev AS, Kobayashi Y (2021).
128:
4710:
4472:
4202:
4105:
3430:
2751:
1036:
625:
455:
109:
84:
5361:
5049:
2493:
1526:
168:
5681:
375:, Amy Muir, and Ian B. Butler named and described the type species
4209:
3950:
3892:
613:
605:
536:
474:
464:
380:
360:
300:
5625:
4252:
598:
5685:
5123:
4369:
3563:
2878:
2058:
1634:
1519:
1481:
1354:"Newly Discovered Dinosaur Helps Explain Rise Of Tyrannosaurs"
402:
had long inner ear canals, for hearing low-frequency sounds.
355:
by Soviet or
Russian researchers. In 2004 a team discovered a
628:. At the time tyrannosaurs were developing acute senses and
1477:
632:
abilities, other large meat-eating dinosaurs such as the
597:
shows that tyrannosaurs likely developed their advanced
652:
Below is the phylogenetic analysis on the placement of
1176:"'Missing Link' in Tyrannosaur Family Tree Discovered"
273:
5694:
5607:
5502:
5445:
5407:
5324:
5297:
5207:
5177:
5136:
5034:
5002:
4944:
4910:
4883:
4856:
4825:
4798:
4787:
4747:
4612:
4560:
4531:
4493:
4482:
4382:
4294:
4228:
4150:
4081:
4057:
3969:
3917:
3857:
3813:
3802:
3746:
3714:
3661:
3611:
3576:
3494:
3447:
3394:
3356:
3302:
3253:
3189:
3148:
3124:
3093:
3047:
3017:
3006:
2891:
2806:
2705:
2616:
2595:
2531:
2434:
2378:
2344:
2251:
2196:
2165:
2105:
2071:
1997:
1977:
1901:
1848:
1729:
1647:
1598:
1571:
568:lived ninety million years ago, in the middle-late
1451:20.500.11820/a6709b34-e3ab-416e-a866-03ba1162b23d
1093:
577:" of the tyrannosaurid group. The discovery of
539:of long-snouted forms that might have been the
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1493:
8:
1156:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
394:is Greek for “well-eared”, because detailed
5682:
5413:
5330:
5305:
5189:
5185:
5144:
5133:
5120:
5031:
4999:
4831:
4795:
4755:
4624:
4620:
4505:
4501:
4490:
4390:
4379:
4366:
4157:
4147:
4063:
3975:
3863:
3810:
3720:
3673:
3669:
3619:
3584:
3573:
3560:
3491:
3400:
3308:
3261:
3130:
3105:
3101:
3029:
3025:
3014:
2899:
2888:
2875:
2803:
2622:
2613:
2442:
2257:
2208:
2204:
2117:
2113:
2079:
2068:
2055:
1854:
1737:
1655:
1644:
1631:
1577:
1568:
1516:
1500:
1486:
1478:
127:
31:
1449:
1274:
1264:
1169:
1167:
1133:
1123:
1069:
1149:
467:is present in the Bissekty Formation.
525:, in a basal position, as a possible
7:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1174:Greshko, Michael (March 14, 2016).
902:
877:
852:
827:
802:
777:
707:
700:
677:
666:
659:
608:, though much smaller than that of
1039:duct, with the same height as the
439:National Museum of Natural History
25:
5778:Taxa named by Stephen L. Brusatte
5758:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
5666:
5660:
5653:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5085:
4351:
4344:
4339:
4332:
4326:
3545:
3538:
3531:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2041:
2035:
1053:Timeline of tyrannosaur research
535:. Together they may represent a
427:
418:
409:
145:
1401:International Business Times UK
1395:Matt Atherton (14 March 2016).
5783:Taxa named by Hans-Dieter Sues
1430:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1:
5773:Fossil taxa described in 2016
1226:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.009
446:The species was based on the
616:that would have led to keen
379:. The genus is named after
5804:
1308:Smithsonian Science News -
1245:Royal Society Open Science
27:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
5650:
5416:
5333:
5308:
5192:
5188:
5147:
5132:
5119:
5083:
5030:
4998:
4834:
4758:
4627:
4623:
4508:
4504:
4393:
4378:
4365:
4324:
4160:
4146:
4066:
3978:
3866:
3723:
3676:
3672:
3622:
3587:
3572:
3559:
3528:
3490:
3403:
3311:
3264:
3133:
3108:
3104:
3032:
3028:
2902:
2887:
2874:
2836:
2802:
2625:
2445:
2260:
2211:
2207:
2120:
2116:
2082:
2067:
2054:
2032:
1857:
1740:
1658:
1643:
1630:
1580:
1567:
1515:
1442:10.1038/s41559-019-0888-0
925:
907:
900:
882:
875:
857:
850:
832:
825:
807:
800:
782:
775:
748:
730:
712:
705:
698:
682:
675:
664:
272:
265:
142:Scientific classification
140:
135:
126:
34:
1251:(9): Article ID 210923.
1180:National Geographic News
612:, shows a sophisticated
1125:10.1073/pnas.1600140113
371:, Alexander Averianov,
480:
369:Stephen Louis Brusatte
5763:Fossils of Uzbekistan
5720:Paleobiology Database
4059:Carcharodontosaurinae
3971:Carcharodontosauridae
581:has filled that gap.
506:is large with robust
478:
387:in Central Asia. The
5035:Dubious coelurosaurs
3748:Metriacanthosaurinae
3716:Metriacanthosauridae
1998:Dubious neotheropods
1058:2016 in paleontology
4072:Carcharodontosaurus
3859:Carcharodontosauria
1334:Scientific American
1328:Brusatte, Stephen.
1266:10.1098/rsos.210923
1257:2021RSOS....810923T
1218:2012CrRes..34..284A
1206:Cretaceous Research
1116:2016PNAS..113.3447B
508:semicircular canals
488:supraoccipital bone
377:Timurlengia euotica
340:Timurlengia euotica
325:, hailing from the
278:Timurlengia euotica
18:Timurlengia euotica
5768:Bissekty Formation
5527:Archaeornithomimus
4048:Veterupristisaurus
3908:Veterupristisaurus
3764:Metriacanthosaurus
3704:Piatnitzkysauridae
3139:Eustreptospondylus
3049:Piatnitzkysauridae
2932:Chuandongocoelurus
1796:Notatesseraeraptor
521:was placed in the
481:
353:Bissekty Formation
319:Bissekty Formation
5735:
5734:
5688:Taxon identifiers
5679:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5603:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5409:Macrocheiriformes
5326:Ornithomimosauria
5300:Maniraptoriformes
5293:
5292:
5139:Maniraptoromorpha
5126:Maniraptoromorpha
5115:
5114:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5004:Maniraptoromorpha
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4743:
4742:
4608:
4607:
4562:Proceratosauridae
4514:Chingkankousaurus
4361:
4360:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4290:
4289:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3555:
3554:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3390:
3389:
3346:Vallibonavenatrix
3249:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3089:
3088:
2870:
2869:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2192:
2191:
2050:
2049:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
1973:
1972:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1186:on March 14, 2016
1110:(13): 3447–3452.
1020:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1001:
993:
992:
984:
983:
975:
974:
966:
965:
957:
956:
948:
947:
939:
938:
764:
763:
686:Proceratosauridae
593:The braincase of
556:, typical of the
496:occipital condyle
383:, founder of the
329:age of the early
292:
291:
261:
16:(Redirected from
5795:
5728:
5727:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5683:
5670:
5664:
5657:
5513:Aepyornithomimus
5414:
5331:
5306:
5270:Sinocalliopteryx
5190:
5186:
5180:Neocoelurosauria
5145:
5134:
5121:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5089:
5032:
5000:
4969:Zhuchengtyrannus
4901:Thanatotheristes
4832:
4796:
4764:Appalachiosaurus
4756:
4625:
4621:
4615:Pantyrannosauria
4506:
4502:
4496:Tyrannosauroidea
4491:
4466:Xinjiangovenator
4391:
4380:
4367:
4355:
4348:
4343:
4336:
4330:
4158:
4148:
4064:
3984:Acrocanthosaurus
3976:
3864:
3811:
3737:Yangchuanosaurus
3721:
3674:
3670:
3620:
3601:Lourinhanosaurus
3585:
3574:
3561:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3492:
3458:Sigilmassasaurus
3401:
3358:Ceratosuchopsini
3309:
3262:
3207:Dubreuillosaurus
3131:
3114:Streptospondylus
3106:
3102:
3072:Piatnitzkysaurus
3030:
3026:
3015:
2900:
2889:
2876:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2804:
2639:Ekrixinatosaurus
2623:
2614:
2443:
2258:
2209:
2205:
2118:
2114:
2080:
2069:
2056:
2045:
2039:
1949:Procompsognathus
1855:
1738:
1656:
1645:
1632:
1578:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1517:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1453:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1300:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1268:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1182:. Archived from
1171:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1147:
1137:
1127:
1095:
903:
887:Appalachiosaurus
878:
853:
828:
803:
778:
708:
701:
678:
672:Tyrannosauroidea
667:
660:
523:Tyrannosauroidea
431:
422:
413:
373:Hans-Dieter Sues
275:
252:
245:
234:Pantyrannosauria
232:
150:
149:
131:
121:
51:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5723:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5690:
5680:
5671:
5658:
5632:
5595:
5576:Sinornithomimus
5498:
5441:
5403:
5320:
5314:Compsognathidae
5302:
5289:
5277:Sinosauropteryx
5209:Compsognathidae
5203:
5182:
5173:
5141:
5128:
5111:
5110:
5096:
5069:
5064:Shanyangosaurus
5057:Phaedrolosaurus
5018:
4974:
4940:
4906:
4885:Daspletosaurini
4879:
4852:
4827:Tyrannosaurinae
4821:
4800:Albertosaurinae
4792:
4790:Tyrannosauridae
4783:
4752:
4750:Eutyrannosauria
4739:
4617:
4604:
4585:Proceratosaurus
4556:
4527:
4498:
4487:
4478:
4444:Richardoestesia
4428:Chilantaisaurus
4387:
4374:
4357:
4356:
4337:
4310:
4286:
4246:Australovenator
4224:
4218:Chilantaisaurus
4196:Phuwiangvenator
4118:
4083:Giganotosaurini
4077:
4053:
3965:
3928:Chilantaisaurus
3913:
3853:
3807:
3790:
3742:
3710:
3666:
3657:
3635:Monolophosaurus
3616:
3607:
3581:
3568:
3551:
3550:
3536:
3510:
3470:
3443:
3409:Camarillasaurus
3386:
3352:
3298:
3292:Ostafrikasaurus
3270:Camarillasaurus
3258:
3241:
3191:Afrovenatorinae
3185:
3144:
3120:
3098:
3085:
3043:
3022:
3020:Megalosauroidea
3011:
3002:
2997:Vectaerovenator
2990:Szechuanosaurus
2968:Monolophosaurus
2954:Kaijiangosaurus
2947:Cryolophosaurus
2908:Calamospondylus
2896:
2883:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2822:
2778:
2759:Pycnonemosaurus
2701:
2612:
2606:Majungasaurinae
2591:
2533:Majungasaurinae
2527:
2522:Xenotarsosaurus
2458:Dryptosauroides
2439:
2422:
2374:
2346:Elaphrosaurinae
2340:
2247:
2233:Ornithomimoides
2201:
2188:
2161:
2110:
2101:
2076:
2063:
2046:
2040:
2018:
1993:
1969:
1897:
1844:
1810:Shuangbaisaurus
1734:
1725:
1652:
1639:
1614:
1594:
1588:Avemetatarsalia
1573:Avemetatarsalia
1563:
1548:Avemetatarsalia
1522:
1521:
1511:
1506:
1476:
1475:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1310:. 14 March 2016
1302:
1301:
1292:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1148:
1097:
1096:
1071:
1066:
1049:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
929:Tyrannosauridae
765:
650:
558:Late Cretaceous
545:Tyrannosauridae
516:
479:Size comparison
473:
463:tyrannosauroid
444:
443:
442:
441:
434:
433:
432:
424:
423:
415:
414:
349:
331:Late Cretaceous
323:Kyzylkum Desert
288:
281:
251:
243:
230:
144:
122:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
46:
45:
42:Late Cretaceous
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5801:
5799:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5740:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5716:
5700:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5622:
5613:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5541:Dromiceiomimus
5537:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5508:
5506:
5504:Ornithomimidae
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5489:
5485:Paraxenisaurus
5481:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5451:
5449:
5447:Deinocheiridae
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5436:Shenzhousaurus
5432:
5425:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5394:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5334:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5309:
5303:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5233:Beipiaognathus
5229:
5222:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5193:
5183:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5148:
5142:
5137:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5104:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5038:
5036:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5008:
5006:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4950:
4948:
4946:Tyrannosaurini
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4916:
4914:
4912:Teratophoneini
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4897:
4894:Daspletosaurus
4889:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4874:Qianzhousaurus
4870:
4862:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4804:
4802:
4793:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4774:
4771:Bistahieversor
4767:
4759:
4753:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4643:
4636:
4628:
4618:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4566:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4536:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4499:
4494:
4488:
4485:Tyrannoraptora
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4417:
4409:
4402:
4394:
4388:
4383:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4350:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4234:
4232:
4230:Megaraptoridae
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4155:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4092:Giganotosaurus
4087:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3940:
3932:
3923:
3921:
3919:Neovenatoridae
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3901:Ulughbegsaurus
3897:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3817:
3808:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3729:Xuanhanosaurus
3724:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3700:
3696:Xuanhanosaurus
3692:
3685:
3682:Asfaltovenator
3677:
3667:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3643:Megalosauridae
3639:
3631:
3623:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3597:
3588:
3582:
3577:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3544:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3417:Ichthyovenator
3413:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3281:
3278:Cristatusaurus
3274:
3265:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:Poekilopleuron
3231:
3228:Piveteausaurus
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3152:
3150:Megalosaurinae
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3126:Megalosauridae
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3109:
3099:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:Xuanhanosaurus
3075:
3068:
3061:
3053:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3038:Yunyangosaurus
3033:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2975:Pandoravenator
2971:
2964:
2961:Kayentavenator
2957:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2903:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2689:Skorpiovenator
2685:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2501:Spectrovenator
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2440:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2335:Spinostropheus
2331:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2212:
2202:
2199:Abelisauroidea
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2169:
2167:Ceratosauridae
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2156:Saltriovenator
2152:
2144:
2137:
2133:Fosterovenator
2129:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:Lophostropheus
2091:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1956:Pterospondylus
1952:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1926:Lucianovenator
1922:
1915:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1852:
1850:Coelophysoidea
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1789:Lophostropheus
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1688:Erythrovenator
1684:
1676:
1668:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1581:
1575:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1436:(6): 892–899.
1413:
1387:
1369:
1345:
1320:
1290:
1231:
1196:
1163:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
991:
990:
987:
986:
982:
981:
978:
977:
973:
972:
969:
968:
964:
963:
960:
959:
955:
954:
951:
950:
946:
945:
942:
941:
937:
936:
933:
932:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
912:Bistahieversor
906:
901:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
881:
876:
874:
871:
870:
867:
866:
856:
851:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
831:
826:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
806:
801:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
781:
776:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
762:
761:
758:
757:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
711:
706:
704:
699:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
681:
676:
674:
665:
663:
658:
649:
648:Classification
646:
575:apex predators
527:sister species
515:
512:
492:foramen magnum
472:
469:
452:ZIN PH 1146/16
436:
435:
426:
425:
417:
416:
408:
407:
406:
405:
404:
385:Timurid Empire
348:
345:
305:tyrannosauroid
299:is an extinct
290:
289:
282:
270:
269:
263:
262:
241:
237:
236:
228:
221:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
133:
132:
124:
123:
115:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
52:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5800:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5753:Turonian life
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5726:
5721:
5717:
5712:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5656:
5627:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5583:Struthiomimus
5580:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5534:"Coelosaurus"
5531:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5429:Pelecanimimus
5426:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5390:Thecocoelurus
5387:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5369:Kinnareemimus
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5296:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5248:Huaxiagnathus
5245:
5243:
5242:
5241:Compsognathus
5238:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5168:Ornitholestes
5165:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5118:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5094:
5088:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4962:Tyrannosaurus
4959:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4935:Teratophoneus
4932:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4809:Albertosaurus
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4746:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4726:Xiongguanlong
4723:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4704:Suskityrannus
4701:
4699:
4698:
4697:Stokesosaurus
4694:
4692:
4691:
4690:Santanaraptor
4687:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4633:Alectrosaurus
4630:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4552:
4551:
4550:Tanycolagreus
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4413:Bahariasaurus
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4385:Coelurosauria
4381:
4377:
4373:
4372:Coelurosauria
4368:
4364:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4342:
4335:
4329:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4296:Coelurosauria
4293:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:Bahariasaurus
4170:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4013:Kelmayisaurus
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3847:Saurophaganax
3844:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3801:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3778:Siamotyrannus
3775:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3664:Allosauroidea
3660:
3653:
3652:
3651:Spinosauridae
3648:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3543:
3541:
3534:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:Spinosaurinae
3393:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:Riparovenator
3371:
3369:
3368:
3367:Ceratosuchops
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3331:Riojavenatrix
3328:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:Baryonychinae
3301:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3256:Spinosauridae
3252:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3180:Wiehenvenator
3177:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:Chienkosaurus
2913:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2707:Furileusauria
2704:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:Rahiolisaurus
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2597:Carnotaurinae
2594:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:Rahiolisaurus
2575:
2573:
2572:
2571:Majungasaurus
2568:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2508:Tarascosaurus
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2466:Eoabelisaurus
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2451:Chenanisaurus
2448:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:Abelisauridae
2433:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2396:Masiakasaurus
2393:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2362:Huinculsaurus
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:Elaphrosaurus
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:Austrocheirus
2271:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2126:Berberosaurus
2123:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2038:
2015:
2014:
2013:Halticosaurus
2010:
2008:
2007:
2006:Teinurosaurus
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:Megapnosaurus
1930:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1903:Coelophysidae
1900:
1894:
1893:
1892:Powellvenator
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:Liliensternus
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:Dolichosuchus
1750:
1748:
1747:
1746:Dilophosaurus
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1721:
1720:
1719:Herrerasauria
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:Daemonosaurus
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1321:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1006:
998:
997:
989:
988:
980:
979:
971:
970:
962:
961:
953:
952:
944:
943:
935:
934:
931:
930:
923:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
913:
905:
904:
898:
897:
894:
893:
890:
889:
888:
880:
879:
873:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
863:
855:
854:
848:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
838:
837:Xiongguanlong
830:
829:
823:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
813:
805:
804:
798:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
788:
787:Suskityrannus
780:
779:
773:
772:
769:
768:
760:
759:
756:
755:
754:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
736:
728:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:Stokesosaurus
710:
709:
703:
702:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
680:
679:
673:
669:
668:
662:
661:
657:
655:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:Tyrannosaurus
607:
604:
603:Timurlengia’s
600:
596:
591:
589:
584:
580:
576:
571:
567:
563:
562:Tyrannosaurus
559:
555:
554:
553:Tyrannosaurus
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
533:
532:Xiongguanlong
528:
524:
520:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
477:
470:
468:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
440:
430:
421:
412:
403:
401:
397:
393:
390:
389:specific name
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
362:
358:
354:
346:
344:
342:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
306:
302:
298:
297:
286:
280:
279:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
250:
249:
242:
239:
238:
235:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
139:
134:
130:
125:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
50:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
5748:Tyrannosaurs
5695:
5659:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5555:Ornithomimus
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5493:Tyrannomimus
5491:
5483:
5475:
5468:
5463:Deinocheirus
5461:
5454:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5396:
5388:
5383:Nqwebasaurus
5381:
5376:Nedcolbertia
5374:
5367:
5360:
5354:Calamosaurus
5352:
5346:Aviatyrannis
5344:
5337:
5312:
5282:
5275:
5268:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5231:
5226:Aristosuchus
5224:
5218:Aniksosaurus
5216:
5198:Aniksosaurus
5196:
5166:
5159:
5151:
5097:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4933:
4926:
4921:Dynamoterror
4919:
4899:
4892:
4872:
4865:
4845:
4840:Asiatyrannus
4838:
4814:
4807:
4778:Dryptosaurus
4776:
4769:
4762:
4731:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4669:Jinbeisaurus
4667:
4660:
4653:
4645:
4640:Aviatyrannis
4638:
4631:
4597:
4592:Sinotyrannus
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4548:
4541:
4519:
4512:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4421:Bicentenaria
4419:
4411:
4406:Asiamericana
4404:
4397:
4338:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4216:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4181:Deltadromeus
4179:
4171:
4164:
4113:Tyrannotitan
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4070:
4046:
4041:Taurovenator
4039:
4032:
4025:
4020:Lajasvenator
4018:
4011:
4004:
3999:Concavenator
3997:
3989:
3982:
3957:
3949:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3906:
3899:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3822:
3815:Allosauridae
3783:
3776:
3771:Shidaisaurus
3769:
3762:
3755:
3735:
3727:
3702:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3626:
3599:
3591:
3579:Avetheropoda
3566:Avetheropoda
3537:
3496:Avetheropoda
3463:
3456:
3449:Spinosaurini
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3407:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3344:
3336:
3329:
3324:Protathlitis
3322:
3315:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3214:Leshansaurus
3212:
3205:
3198:
3178:
3171:
3166:Megalosaurus
3164:
3159:Duriavenator
3157:
3137:
3112:
3096:Megalosauria
3077:
3070:
3065:Marshosaurus
3063:
3058:Condorraptor
3056:
3036:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2939:Cruxicheiros
2937:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2771:
2766:Quilmesaurus
2764:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2618:Brachyrostra
2604:
2584:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2540:
2520:
2515:Tralkasaurus
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2449:
2417:Vespersaurus
2415:
2410:Velocisaurus
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2305:Deltadromeus
2303:
2295:
2289:Compsosuchus
2287:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2239:
2231:
2225:Lametasaurus
2223:
2215:
2181:
2176:Ceratosaurus
2174:
2154:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2124:
2108:Ceratosauria
2093:
2086:
2011:
2004:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1890:
1885:Podokesaurus
1883:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1837:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1768:Gojirasaurus
1766:
1761:Dracovenator
1759:
1751:
1744:
1732:Neotheropoda
1717:
1709:
1701:
1695:Guaibasaurus
1693:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1664:Chindesaurus
1662:
1552:
1543:
1433:
1429:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:
1390:
1382:ScienceDaily
1381:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:
1348:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1307:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:the original
1179:
1152:cite journal
1107:
1103:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:Paleobiology
926:
910:
908:
885:
883:
862:Dryptosaurus
860:
858:
835:
833:
811:
810:
808:
785:
783:
751:
749:
733:
731:
715:
713:
683:
653:
651:
640:is far less
637:
609:
602:
594:
592:
588:Timurlengia'
587:
582:
578:
565:
561:
551:
549:
541:sister group
530:
518:
517:
485:
482:
451:
445:
399:
398:showed that
391:
376:
366:
350:
339:
338:
335:type species
295:
294:
293:
284:
277:
276:
267:Type species
254:
247:
246:
224:
211:
198:
185:
136:Restoration
35:
29:
5696:Timurlengia
5620:Maniraptora
5609:Maniraptora
5590:Tototlmimus
5520:Anserimimus
5470:Garudimimus
5456:Beishanlong
5398:Valdoraptor
5339:Arkansaurus
5284:Xunmenglong
5161:Juravenator
4955:Tarbosaurus
4847:Nanuqsaurus
4816:Gorgosaurus
4733:Megaraptora
4719:Timurlengia
4451:Sciurumimus
4399:Aratasaurus
4267:Murusraptor
4189:Fukuiraptor
4152:Megaraptora
4034:Shaochilong
4006:Eocarcharia
3959:Megaraptora
3879:Lusovenator
3757:Alpkarakush
3614:Carnosauria
3465:Spinosaurus
3438:Siamosaurus
3338:Suchosaurus
3285:Iberospinus
3221:Magnosaurus
3200:Afrovenator
3173:Torvosaurus
2924:Chilesaurus
2737:Carnotaurus
2730:Caletodraco
2716:Abelisaurus
2542:Arcovenator
2389:Laevisuchus
2380:Noasaurinae
2282:Berthasaura
2253:Noasauridae
2183:Genyodectes
2148:Lukousaurus
2141:Jubbulpuria
1941:Panguraptor
1919:Coelophysis
1912:Camposaurus
1871:Panguraptor
1863:Dracoraptor
1839:Zupaysaurus
1824:Tachiraptor
1803:Sarcosaurus
1703:Nhandumirim
1212:: 284–297.
1035:has a long
1033:Timurlengia
1029:Timurlengia
812:Timurlengia
654:Timurlengia
642:pneumatised
638:Timurlengia
634:Carnosauria
595:Timurlengia
583:Timurlengia
579:Timurlengia
566:Timurlengia
519:Timurlengia
500:oval window
471:Description
460:neural arch
450:, specimen
400:Timurlengia
296:Timurlengia
248:Timurlengia
47:92–90
36:Timurlengia
5742:Categories
5548:Gallimimus
5477:Harpymimus
5422:Harpymimus
5043:Iliosuchus
5013:see below↓
4858:Alioramini
4676:Juratyrant
4662:Eotyrannus
4647:Bagaraatan
4599:Yutyrannus
4533:Coeluridae
4459:Vayuraptor
4305:see below↓
4281:Tratayenia
4274:Orkoraptor
4260:Megaraptor
4166:Aoniraptor
4099:Mapusaurus
4027:Sauroniops
3991:Altispinax
3944:Neovenator
3886:Siamraptor
3872:Datanglong
3839:Epanterias
3831:Antrodemus
3824:Allosaurus
3805:Allosauria
3628:Altispinax
3593:Gasosaurus
3505:see below↓
3381:Suchomimus
2982:Sinosaurus
2817:see below↓
2773:Viavenator
2723:Aucasaurus
2660:Ilokelesia
2631:Dahalokely
2586:Rajasaurus
2564:Indosaurus
2557:Genusaurus
2549:Dahalokely
2473:Indosuchus
2369:Limusaurus
2328:Ligabueino
2321:Kiyacursor
2313:Genusaurus
2297:Dahalokely
2217:Betasuchus
2088:Dornraptor
1988:see below↓
1964:Segisaurus
1817:Sinosaurus
1680:Eodromaeus
1609:see below↓
1557:Dinosauria
1539:Sauropsida
1363:2016-03-15
1339:2016-03-15
1314:2016-03-15
1190:2016-03-15
1064:References
753:Eotyrannus
735:Juratyrant
315:Uzbekistan
205:Saurischia
192:Dinosauria
5711:Q23055480
5624:includes
5569:Rativates
5562:Qiupalong
5262:Scipionyx
5255:Mirischia
4928:Lythronax
4867:Alioramus
4521:Labocania
4239:Aerosteon
3785:Sinraptor
3689:Erectopus
3424:Irritator
3009:Orionides
2894:Tetanurae
2881:Tetanurae
2808:Tetanurae
2744:Elemgasem
2667:Llukalkan
2646:Elemgasem
2403:Noasaurus
2266:Afromimus
2074:Averostra
2061:Averostra
1979:Averostra
1831:Velocipes
1650:Theropoda
1637:Theropoda
1600:Theropoda
1525:Kingdom:
1509:Theropoda
1468:146115938
1041:labyrinth
630:cognitive
514:Phylogeny
504:inner ear
396:CAT-scans
381:Timurleng
367:In 2016,
357:braincase
347:Discovery
317:, in the
313:found in
283:Brusatte
253:Brusatte
218:Theropoda
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
5705:Wikidata
5153:Coelurus
4578:Kileskus
4571:Guanlong
4543:Coelurus
4436:Gualicho
3936:Gualicho
3317:Baryonyx
2653:Guemesia
2480:Kryptops
2241:Ozraptor
1878:Pendraig
1533:Chordata
1531:Phylum:
1527:Animalia
1460:31061476
1406:27 March
1285:34527277
1144:26976562
1047:See also
1037:cochlear
618:eyesight
570:Turonian
448:holotype
327:Turonian
311:dinosaur
308:theropod
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
4711:Timimus
4473:Zuolong
4203:Rapator
4106:Meraxes
3431:Oxalaia
2752:Koleken
1775:Lepidus
1537:Class:
1358:NPR.org
1276:8424376
1253:Bibcode
1214:Bibcode
1135:4822578
1112:Bibcode
626:hearing
543:of the
456:maxilla
392:euotica
321:in the
240:Genus:
116:↓
5725:348490
5362:Hexing
5050:Kakuru
4655:Dilong
2696:Thanos
2674:Niebla
2494:Rugops
2487:Kurupi
1466:
1458:
1283:
1273:
1142:
1132:
498:. The
333:. The
287:, 2016
285:et al.
255:et al.
5788:Timur
5626:birds
4683:Moros
4210:Siats
3951:Siats
3893:Siats
1553:Clade
1544:Clade
1464:S2CID
1426:(PDF)
622:smell
614:brain
606:skull
537:clade
465:taxon
361:brain
301:genus
225:Clade
212:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
5618:see
4253:Maip
1711:Tawa
1586:see
1456:PMID
1408:2016
1281:PMID
1158:link
1140:PMID
624:and
599:head
259:2016
55:PreꞒ
1446:hdl
1438:doi
1271:PMC
1261:doi
1222:doi
1130:PMC
1120:doi
1108:113
529:of
337:is
303:of
5744::
5722::
5707::
1555::
1546::
1462:.
1454:.
1444:.
1432:.
1428:.
1399:.
1380:.
1356:.
1332:.
1306:.
1293:^
1279:.
1269:.
1259:.
1247:.
1243:.
1220:.
1210:34
1208:.
1178:.
1166:^
1154:}}
1150:{{
1138:.
1128:.
1118:.
1106:.
1102:.
1072:^
656:.
620:,
564:.
547:.
510:.
343:.
257:,
227::
214::
201::
188::
105:Pg
49:Ma
44:,
5488:?
5480:?
5393:?
5357:?
5349:?
5317:?
5265:?
5236:?
5221:?
5156:?
4736:?
4714:?
4650:?
4553:?
4535:?
4524:?
4454:?
4439:?
4431:?
4416:?
4220:?
4212:?
4184:?
4176:?
4154:?
3994:?
3962:?
3954:?
3939:?
3931:?
3896:?
3850:?
3842:?
3834:?
3732:?
3707:?
3699:?
3654:?
3646:?
3638:?
3604:?
3596:?
3412:?
3349:?
3341:?
3295:?
3273:?
3238:?
3117:?
3082:?
2985:?
2942:?
2927:?
2919:?
2911:?
2747:?
2684:?
2634:?
2609:?
2581:?
2552:?
2461:?
2316:?
2308:?
2300:?
2292:?
2277:?
2269:?
2244:?
2236:?
2228:?
2220:?
2151:?
2136:?
2098:?
1959:?
1944:?
1936:?
1866:?
1834:?
1756:?
1722:?
1714:?
1706:?
1698:?
1683:?
1675:?
1667:?
1501:e
1494:t
1487:v
1470:.
1448::
1440::
1434:3
1410:.
1384:.
1366:.
1342:.
1317:.
1287:.
1263::
1255::
1249:8
1228:.
1224::
1216::
1193:.
1160:)
1146:.
1122::
1114::
927:†
909:†
884:†
859:†
834:†
809:†
784:†
750:†
732:†
714:†
684:†
670:†
573:"
274:†
244:†
231:†
110:N
100:K
95:J
90:T
85:P
80:C
75:D
70:S
65:O
60:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
