Multi-user dungeon - Knowledge (XXG)

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into short animated movies to visualize the changes over time. The graphs of the averaged CVs from all measurement points within a line scan were combined into an animation for demonstrating the systematic changes along each of the Pt stripes. After that, specific parameters were extracted from each CV (see below). These parameters and some derived values were tabulated and plotted versus the x-coordinate of the measurement point. Thus, different graphs for each line scan were created showing the changes in specific properties along the thickness of the Pt stripe. The combined tabulated data for each wafer was then used to plot a 3D image of several parameters vs substrate composition and nominal thickness. The LPC programs were compiled using LDMud (V3.3.719).

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on (nice for developers), the telnet address written out, an active hyperlink to the telnet site and Web home page if one exists, and a short but useful description of the Mud. The list is alphabetized and broken into four sections for easy loading. There are also forms for submitting your Mud to the list. There is even a page for dead links in case you want to see what has gone before.

1630:. This may be considered particularly appropriate since, due to the room-based nature of traditional MUDs, ranged combat is typically difficult to implement, resulting in most MUDs equipping characters mainly with close-combat weapons. This style of game was also historically referred to within the MUD genre as "adventure games", but video gaming as a whole has developed a meaning of " 4660:"The Mud Connector" is a complete on-line service designed to provide the most up-to-date listings of registered Multiuser on-line games. Every entry lists the site of the game, the base code used, descriptions of the game as submitted by the administrators, links to WWW homepages (when available), and Telnet links to the game. 1699:, encourage or enforce that players act out the role of their playing characters at all times. Some RP MUDs provide an immersive gaming environment, while others only provide a virtual world with no game elements. MUDs where roleplay is enforced and the game world is heavily computer-modeled are sometimes known as 3478:, p. 741, "AberMUD spread across university computer science departments like a virus. Identical copies (or incarnations) appeared on thousands of Unix machines. It went through four versions in rapid succession, spawning several imitators. The three most important of these were TinyMUD, LPMUD, and DikuMUD." 4625:

The Mud Connector has, at the time of this writing, links to 205 active Muds. The Muds are reviewed periodically, so there are few dead links. What sets this site apart from some of the other Mud link connections listed here is that each link includes the name of the Mud, the kind of code it is based

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system has long been a popular client interface for players of MOO, MUCK, and many TinyMUD-derivative systems. With a robust feature list supporting multiple sessions, macros, triggers and automation, command history and other functions, TinyFugue offers users maximum control over their environment.

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Late 1991 ¶ After the retirement of Lars from _Genesis_, the _Genesis_ admins move to create the first LPMud-derived server, CD. CD stands for Chalmers Datorforening, Swedish for Chalmers Computing Club, where _Genesis_ and _Igor_ existed. In spite of his retirement from _Genesis_, Lars continued to

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When I went to university, I discovered text-based MUDs, or multi-user dungeons. I loved the fact that these sorts of games had all these players playing at once - even when you were not playing, the world carried on without you. Because of this, I began creating my own text-based MUD, but I quickly

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The point of the game was to gain points until you achieved the rank of wizard, at which point you became immortal and gained certain powers over mortals. Points were scored by killing things or dropping treasure into a swamp. The game gained some popularity in Britain when a guest account was set

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The program was also becoming unmanageable, as it was written in assembler. Hence, he rewrote everything in BCPL, starting late 1979 and working up to about Easter 1980. The finished product was the heart of the system which many people came to believe was the "original" MUD. In fact, it was version

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Zork was too much of a nonsense word, not descriptive of the game, etc., etc., etc. Silly as it sounds, we eventually started calling it Dungeon. (Dave admits to suggesting the new name, but that's only a minor sin.) When Bob the lunatic released his FORTRAN version to the DEC users' group, that was

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has just about everything you could possibly need to get on a MUD. It has MUD-related links to FAQs, newsgroups and clients; as well as player discussions and forums about different MUDs. This site also has a listing of over 500 MUDs, with pretty useful descriptions of what you can expect to find

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Olifiers began with a brief history of Jagex and RuneScape: how Lead Developer Andrew Gower and his brother Paul founded the company in Cambridge in 2001, bringing their love for classic MUDs into the visual realm. The original RuneScape (now referred to as RuneScape Classic) was simply and exactly

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Simutronics was originally the brain-child of David Whatley. As a teenager, he'd been big into the old BBS days and had even written some Fantasy Game BBS software that he sold all over the world, and he did this all from his parents' home. He'd also gotten involved as a player in some of the early

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Milieu was originally written for a CDC Cyber owned by the Minnesota Educational Computer Consortium. High school students from around the state were given access to the machine for educational purposes; they often ended up writing chat programs and games instead. I am uncertain of the precise time

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Pip Cordrey used to run a BBS called 'Labbs', which had a section devoted to MUD1 in its early days. Six people from St. Paul's School worked on that section, and Cordrey organised them into a team to develop a MUA that would run on a home computer. The system was named MirrorWorld because it had

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Programs in LPC programming language were developed to perform the following tasks: First, each set of CVs was separated into single CVs, and each of them were plotted. An average CV from all the CVs in one set was calculated and plotted as well. All images belonging to one set of CVs were combined

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style, and the 'D' in its name was said to stand for 'Dimension' (or, occasionally, 'Domain') rather than 'Dungeon;' this is the ultimate cause of the MUD/MU* distinction that was to arise some years later." "The 'D' in MUD stands for 'Dungeon' because the version of ZORK Roy played was a Fortran

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pedagogical approaches. The Mud Institute (TMI) was an LPMud opened in February 1992 as a gathering place for people interested in developing LPMud and teaching LPC after it became clear that Lars Pensjö had lost interest in the project. TMI focussed on both the LPMud driver and library, the driver

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as a special MUD language to make extending the game simple. Lars says, '...I didn't think I would be able to design a good adventure. By allowing wizards coding rights, I thought others could help me with this.' The first running code was developed in a week on Unix System V using IPC, not BSD

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This is the "classic" MUD, played by many people both internal and external to the University. Although eventually available only during night-time due to the effects of its popularity on the system, its impact on on-line gaming has been immense. I eventually closed it down on 30/9/87 upon leaving

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Schaefer, Dominik; Mardare, Cezarina; Savan, Alan; Sanchez, Miguel D.; Mei, Bastian; Xia, Wei; Muhler, Martin; Ludwig, Alfred; Schuhmann, Wolfgang (February 17, 2011). "High-Throughput Characterization of Pt Supported on Thin Film Oxide Material Libraries Applied in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction".

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options; Socializers devote most of their energy to interacting with other players; and then there are Killers who focus on interacting negatively with other players, if permitted, killing the other characters or otherwise thwarting their play. Few players play only one way; most exhibit a diverse

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greatly expanded the command interface. To distance itself from the combat-oriented traditional MUDs it was said that the "D" in TinyMUD stood for Multi-User "Domain" or "Dimension"; this, along with the eventual popularity of acronyms other than MUD (such as MUCK, MUSH, MUSE, and so on) for this

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In 1980, Roy Traubshaw, a British fan of the fantasy role-playing board game Dungeons and Dragons, wrote an electronic version of that game during his final undergraduate year at Essex College. The following year, his classmate Richard Bartle took over the game, expanding the number of potential

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As micros became cost effective, the MECC mainframe became obsolete and was shut down in 1983. Scepter then went commercial in a collaboration between several ex-MECC (and by then also post-highschool) game hackers. It was rewritten in C and ran on a PC XT running QNX. It supported 16 dialup

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October of 1987 was chaos. The MUD account was deleted, but the guest account on Essex University remained open. I guess it wasn't causing any trouble so they simply left it. ROCK, UNI and MUD all ran from the MUD account so they had gone but... MIST ran from a student account and it was still

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developed a theory that the constant use (and in many cases, overuse) of MUDs allows users to develop different personalities in their environments. She uses examples, dating back to the text-based MUDs of the mid-1990s, showing college students who simultaneously live different lives through

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characters in separate MUDs, up to three at a time, all while doing schoolwork. The students claimed that it was a way to "shut off" their own lives for a while and become part of another reality. Turkle claims that this could present a psychological problem of identity for today's youths.

4111:, p. 3, "Confusingly, although the term MUD applies to virtual worlds in general, the term MU* does not—it's used strictly for text-based worlds. The introduction of computer graphics into the mix therefore caused a second spate of naming, in order to make a distinction between 1260:

TinyMUD is also used to refer to the first database run under the TinyMUD codebase, which is also known as TinyMUD Classic; it ran from August 1989 to April 1990, and still comes back up every August during a holiday called Brigadoon Day, a reference to the Scottish village in the musical

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sockets. Early object-oriented features only existed accidentally by way of the nature of MUDs manipulating objects. As Lars learned C++, he gradually extended those features. The result is that the whole LPMud was developed from a small prototype, gradually extended with features."

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realized that with so many of them out there, there was no way that mine would ever get noticed. So I began to search for a way to make mine stand out, and the obvious way, of course, was to add graphics. With my game, I was trying to emulate text MUDs at the time, purely as a hobby.

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When you leave the game, objects can be kept for when you restart (eg. that weapon you commissioned from a smith), and you restart in the room from which you quit. This means some objects can be kept unavailable for long periods if their owner isn't playing. There are no

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Unzählige MUD-Nachfolger (wie etwa MOO, MUSH, MUCK, etc.) verwendeten ähnliche Systeme und Thematiken — v. A. aus Fantasy und Science Fiction — und verstärkten teilweise den Rollenspiel-Charakter bis hin zu den 'sogennanten Role Play Intensive MUD (RPIMUD)'.

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MUD, but graphics were added very early in development. However, with the increase in computing power and Internet connectivity during the late 1990s, and the shift of online gaming to the mass market, the term "graphical MUD" fell out of favor, being replaced by MMORPG

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computer network) to connect on weekends and between the hours of 2 AM and 8 AM on weekdays. It became the first Internet multiplayer online role-playing game in 1980 and started the online gaming industry as a whole when the university connected its internal network to

593:", "crypt", and "drygulch". By 1978–79, these games were heavily in use on various PLATO systems, and exhibited a marked increase in sophistication in terms of 3D graphics, storytelling, user involvement, team play, and depth of objects and monsters in the dungeons. 1984:

MUD history has been preserved primarily through community sites and blogs and not through mainstream sources with journalistic repute. As of the late 1990s, a website called The Mud Connector has served as a central and curated repository for active MUDs. In 1995,

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of its kind without the traditional hourly resets and points-based puzzle solving progression systems. Avalon introduced equilibrium and balance (cooldowns), skill-based player vs player combat and concepts such as player-run governments and player housing.

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multiplayer games that were out there such as Sceptre and Island of Kesmai, and, like many others who play these games, he thought to himself, "I can do this too." So in 1987, at the age of 21, he founded Simutronics Corporation with Tom and Susan Zelinski.

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on most games. You can even click on the MUD or home page you'd like to see and link right to it. If you're shopping for a new MUD and aren't sure what you're looking for, this is the place to park it. We're talking big time bookmark material here.

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Although the present system went live in October 1988, Gods began in 1985 as a non-commercial MUA; its author was inspired by MUD1 to write his own game, and was among the first people to do so. Gods was Shades' only rival to be the Prestel Micronet

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Most MUDs restrict player versus player combat, often abbreviated as PK (Player Killing). This is accomplished through hard coded restrictions and various forms of social intervention. MUDs without these restrictions are commonly known as

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The thing is, though, that even if the likes of Oubliette did count as a virtual world, they had pretty well zero effect on the development of today's virtual worlds. Follow the audit trail back from World of Warcraft, and you wind up at

3999:, pp. 98–99, "Some Muds are completely dependant on player-killing, and have wars that start every half-hour or so. These Muds are becoming more common, basing a lot of their ideas on the extremely popular LPmud known as Genocide." 3565:

Monster allows players to do something that very few, if any, other games allow: the players themselves create the fantasy world as part of the game. Players can create objects, make locations, and set up puzzles for other players to

4442:, p. 43, "The mudlib defines the physics of a virtual world, which will include things such as mass/weight, timers, movement and communication, along with higher concepts such as (in a game context) magic and combat mechanisms." 3591:

TinyMUD 1.0 was initially designed as a portable, stripped-down version of Monster (this was back in the days when TinyMUD was designed to be up and running in a week of coding and last for a month before everybody got bored of

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Written by Neil Newell, originally as a hobby because he enjoyed playing- the original MUD so much on Essex University, SHADES has recently. been launched on Micronet, the computer network, which has a large Commodore

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The word "mud" is also used as a verb. For example, you might hear someone say, "I like to mud more than I like to sleep," or "I am a bit tired, as I was up all night mudding, so maybe you better go to class without

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Almost anything can be bought, including houses, shops, taverns, animals, weapons, food and drink. Personae may use certain skills to create objects, eg. potions, which can be sold to other players for use on their

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Experience is obtained by visiting new places, wandering around exploring, and even by simply chatting. This contrasts with the usual MUA scheme where points are obtained for finding treasure or performing specific

3912:, p. 257, "Features include regular expression hilites and gags, auto-login, macros, line editing, screen mode, triggers, cyberportals, logging, file and command uploading, shells, and multiple connects." 3617:

August 19, 1989. Jim Aspnes announces the availability of TinyMUD to a few friends. Its port, 4201, is Aspnes' office number. TinyMUD is written in C for Unix, and was originally conceived as a front-end for

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in 1985. Some graphical MUDs require players to download a special client and the game's artwork, while others provide a rich experience by being website-based. Graphical MUDs range from simply enhancing the

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Although more recent programs such as Tintin++ have gained large followings, many MUD players continue to use TinyFugue because of its power and flexibility in the hands of an experience client programmer."

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The Multi-User Galaxy Game project was begun in 1985 by CompuNet as a SF alternative to MUD1, which then ran on the system. When the other programmer left CompuNet, Lenton rewrote the game from scratch as

3279:, p. 13, "Around the same time that Roy Trubshaw began work on what was to become MUD1, Alan Klietz wrote Sceptre of Goth on the CDC Cyber run by MECC (the Minnesota Educational Computer Consortium)." 831:, a copy of which they were running on their system at the time. When one of the two programmers left CompuNet, the remaining programmer, Alan Lenton, decided to rewrite the game from scratch and named it 2763:

Containing many of the features of a D&D game, it added an interesting twist -- the dungeon master, the person who set-up and ran a D&D world, was played by the Adventure computer program itself.

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A better way to connect to a MUD is by using a MUD client program: a program specifically designed for MUDding. A MUD program is really a telnet program that has had various MUD-related commands added.

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Some would insist however that 'MUD' does in fact stand for Multi Undergraduate Destroyer, in recognition of the number of students who may have failed their classes due to too much time spent MUDding!

673:, a fellow student at the University of Essex, in 1980. The game revolved around gaining points till one achieved the Wizard rank, giving the character immortality and special powers over mortals. 1804:

is considered by some to have been the first educational MUD, but it can be argued that its evolution into this role was not complete until 1994, which would make the first of many educational

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currently has 2,901,325 written words and 2,248,374 lines of game code (with 2,417,900 instructions). The original game came in at 1 KB in 1989, compared to 102 GB in January 2016.

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was the first of many massively multiuser graphical chat spaces, we also know that the connection is not direct. Its owners and makers (particularly F. Randy Farmer and Chip Morningstar)

1203:, setting new puzzles or creating dungeons for other players to explore. Monster, which comprised about 60,000 lines of code, had a lot of features which appeared to be designed to allow 4406:

had a mudlib, but it was an adaptation of the BCPL input/output library and therefore was at a lower level than today's mudlibs. The modern usage of the term was coined independently by

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muds had evolved to the point where the original name was too confining, and people started to say that "MUD" stood for the more generic "Multi-User Dimension" or "Multi-User Domain".

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settings or are based on popular books, movies, animations, periods of history, worlds populated by anthropomorphic animals, and so on. Not all MUDs are games; some are designed for

5595: 1432:. The original Diku team comprised Sebastian Hammer, Tom Madsen, Katja Nyboe, Michael Seifert, and Hans Henrik Staerfeldt. DikuMUD had a key influence on the early evolution of the 3344:

went live on CompuServe on December 15, 1985, after a very long internal test. The price was actually $ 6 an hour for 300 baud, $ 12 for 1200 baud. Serious players paid the bucks."

1084:. During this time it was sometimes said that MUD stands for "Multi Undergraduate Destroyer" due to their popularity among college students and the amount of time devoted to them. 1868:(e.g. Wolfery provides an option to set the room picture, but otherwise remains a text-based interaction) to simulating 3D worlds with visual spatial relationships and customized 1732:

de-emphasize game elements in favor of an environment designed primarily for socializing. They are differentiated from talkers by retaining elements beyond online chat, typically

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users, and dialup installations were set up in 5 states and Canada. This exposed Scepter to a lot of budding MUD developers at a time when the Internet was just getting started.

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The ancestors of MMORPGS were text-based multiuser domains (MUDs) Indeed, MUDs generate perhaps the one historical connection between game-based VR and the traditional program

5605: 2876:, p. 7, "The acknowledged original game known as 'MUD' was developed in 1978 for the old DEC-10 mainframe system at Essex University by Roy Trubshaw and Richard Bartle." 1547:. Movement around the game environment is generally accomplished by entering the direction (or an abbreviation of it) in which the player wishes to move, for example typing 5562: 256: 347:, and perform actions in the virtual world that are typically also described. Players typically interact with each other and the world by typing commands that resemble a 3985:

January 1992 ¶ _Genocide_ starts as the first MUD dedicated totally to inter-player conflict, which is a fancy way of saying that its theme is creatively player-killing.

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with similar gameplay, as the only remaining MUD running on the University of Essex network, becoming one of the first of its kind to attain broad popularity.

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and wanted to create a world with the flexibility of TinyMUD and the gameplay of AberMUD. In order to accomplish this he wrote what is nowadays known as a

157: 147: 4756: 5749: 1707:. In many cases, role-playing MUDs attempt to differentiate themselves from hack and slash types, by dropping the "MUD" name entirely, and instead using 905:

supported 10 to 16 simultaneous users, typically connecting in by modem. It was the first commercial MUD; franchises were sold to a number of locations.

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Within a MUD's technical infrastructure, a mudlib (concatenation of "MUD library") defines the rules of the in-game world. Examples of mudlibs include

230: 2660: 950:. For a few years this was a very popular form of MUD, hosted on a number of BBS systems, until widespread Internet access eliminated most BBSes. 450:

clients, or specialized MUD clients, which are designed to improve the user experience. Numerous games are listed at various web portals, such as

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can add complex features, such as adding elements to the game world and giving users more ways to interact with it, that MUDs without it cannot.

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So after more than 15 years of great memories, with a heavy heart, I am going to officially declare Dragon's Gate closed... at least for now.

3232: 3149: 2979: 2737: 2583: 2545: 2471: 2251: 3183:. It was officially launched on CompuNet in 1989; reported also to run on MicroLink, and on any other commercial system willing to take it. 2488: 483:, can be traced directly back to the MUD genre. Indeed, before the invention of the term MMORPG, games of this style were simply called 3173: 3080: 3054: 2168: 1798:

Taking advantage of the flexibility of MUD server software, some MUDs are designed for educational purposes rather than gaming or chat.

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2000 In May, Electronics Arts announces the shutdown of most of the Kesmai games, including Legends of Kesmai and Air Warrior Classic.

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with the majority of the complex game machinery stripped away, leaving just the communication commands. The first Internet talker was

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The popularity of MUDs of the University of Essex tradition escalated in the United States during the late 1980s when affordable

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The MUDs I played extensively: Genocide (where I first used the name "Psychochild"), Highlands, Farside, Kerovnia, and Astaria.

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evolving into MudOS, the TMI Mudlib was never officially released, but was influential in the development of other libraries.

5742: 5182: 2401: 1316: 1299:, it has remained ever since. An early version of Hourglass was also ported to the PC, named Vortex, by Ben Maizels in 1992. 1133: 182: 3447: 1362:

used to create the game world. Pensjö's interest in LPMud eventually waned and development was carried on by others such as

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platforms upon its release in 1989. AberMUD's popularity resulted in several inspired works, the most notable of which were

4483: 6564: 6286: 6061: 5661: 874: 627: 548: 309: 127: 6296: 6281: 6146: 6054: 1237: 500: 2780:, Pantheon Books, New York, 2017; see pages 292–294 for "pedit5", pages 294–297 for "dnd", pages 297–298 for "dungeon". 6829: 5530: 5041: 4517: 4453: 4336: 3968: 3817: 3740:

The original LPMUD was written by Lars Pensjö and others, and became one of the most popular MUD's by the early 1990s.

1973: 1390:, and the Pike programming language, the latter the work of long-time LPMud developer Fredrik "Profezzorn" Hübinette. 2924:

up that allowed users on JANET (the British academic network) to play during the small hours of the morning each day.

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players and their options for action. He called the game MUD (for Multi-User Dungeons), and put it onto the Internet.

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started life in Vortex prior to moving to its own Rapture engine. Hourglass continues to be developed as of 2016 and

5963: 3760: 1539:(NPCs) in the area, as well as all of the exits. To carry out a task the player would enter a text command such as 1535:

The typical MUD will describe to the player the room or area they are standing in, listing the objects, players and

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at the University of Illinois and other American universities that used PLATO, beginning in 1975. Among them were "

111: 30:

This article is about a type of online computer game. For the first game called "MUD" or "Multi-User Dungeon", see

1383: 6758: 6664: 6603: 5769: 5735: 5716: 5468: 5367: 2335: 1619: 1370:, Tim "Beek" Hollebeek and Lars Düning. During the early 1990s, LPMud was one of the most popular MUD codebases. 1296: 3863: 6834: 6648: 6218: 6109: 6091: 5944: 5430: 4908: 4784: 1942: 1275: 1149: 1145: 1088: 1077: 666: 72: 5239: 3222: 1379: 6583: 6273: 6101: 5628: 2941: 2600: 1832: 1205: 914: 539: 488: 359: 177: 47: 2077:

is variously written MUD, Mud, and mud, depending on speaker and context. It is also used as a verb, with

6631: 6626: 6542: 6420: 6195: 6006: 5980: 5934: 5585: 5571: 5383: 5312: 4873: 3492: 2371: 2090: 1740:. Often such MUDs have broadly defined contingents of socializers and roleplayers. Server software in the 1663: 1073: 1009: 910: 590: 559: 306: 1582:

and features in MUDs, some distinct sub-groups have formed that can be used to help categorize different

6578: 6537: 6313: 6163: 6041: 5972: 2668: 1536: 941: 6547: 1610: 1022: 439:. At one time, there was interest from the United States military in using them for teleconferencing. 384: 4844:(1997). "Virtually Embodied: The Reality of Fantasy in a Multi-User Dungeon". In Porter, David (ed.). 1989:

reported that over 60,000 people regularly played about 600 MUDs, up from 170 MUDs three years prior.

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In 2004, significant usages of MUDs included "online gaming, education,...socializing", and religious

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Some people describe it as a MUD (Multi User Dungeon) with a 3D interface and role playing character.

3252: 3196: 2820: 2188: 2025: 1847: 1810: 1675: 1643: 1615: 1476:, founded Simutronics with Tom and Susan Zelinski. In the same year they demonstrated a prototype of 946: 420: 344: 332: 196: 162: 4213: 6398: 6348: 6303: 6136: 6016: 5378: 5282: 3464:

Cox was a player of MUD1 who wrote AberMUD while a student at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth.

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in 1983, Klietz formed a company, GāmBit, with Bob Alberti and two others to commercialize Sceptre.

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Proceedings of First International Workshop on Advanced Context Modelling, Reasoning and Management

1958: 1954: 1899: 1777: 1741: 1563: 1409: 1250: 1221: 1141: 693: 638: 443: 416: 404: 382:, and advance the created character. Many MUDs were fashioned around the dice-rolling rules of the 336: 172: 89: 2691: 2376: 6799: 6741: 6403: 6371: 6246: 6223: 6079: 6049: 5884: 5854: 5413: 5388: 5337: 5287: 5175: 4776: 4576: 2158: 1869: 1608:

Perhaps the most common approach to game design in MUDs is to loosely emulate the structure of a

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network, and became more widely accessible when a guest account was set up that allowed users on

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Most MUDs are run as hobbies and are free to play; some may accept donations or allow players to

352: 324: 220: 132: 4274: 4246: 4230: 3668: 3323: 2971: 1570:, and connection assistance. Prominent clients include TinyTalk, TinyFugue, TinTin++, and zMUD. 3848:

December, 1996 - GemStone III and DragonRealms are the top two titles (hours/month) in industry

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to represent parts of the virtual world and its visitors. A prominent early graphical MUD was

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campaign focused more on fighting and advancement than role-playing. When these MUDs restrict

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developers were made to issue a sworn statement that no actual DikuMUD code was incorporated.

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In 1990, the release of DikuMUD, which was inspired by AberMUD, led to a virtual explosion of

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Then, in 1996, I was hired by Sony Interactive Studios to create a graphical, commercial MUD.

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Research has suggested that various factors combine in MUDs to provide users with a sense of

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that can be roughly categorized. Achievers focus on concrete measurements of success such as

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to work in it. Though there never were many network-accessible Monster servers, it inspired

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and initially hosted on the IOWA system. Initially written in ARM assembly language on the

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in order to gain specific skills or powers. The objective of this sort of game is to slay

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before it was finally released on its own. Dragon's Gate was closed on February 10, 2007.

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player named Karyn, raising the subject of inter-human relationships in virtual worlds.

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The first version of Hourglass was written by Yehuda Simmons and later Daniel James for

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PangaeaMud: An Online, Object-oriented Multiple User Interactive Geologic Database Tool

2117:

on the "wet dirt" meaning of "mud" are endemic, as with, for example, the names of the

2055: 2050: 1865: 1631: 1623: 1603: 1567: 1405: 1339: 1002: 670: 567: 555: 412: 328: 4261:

It made perfect sense for us to combine the two technologies and make a graphical MUD.

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MUD, and the gameplay was heavily influenced by it. AberMUD was initially written in

6823: 6552: 6393: 6334: 6185: 6126: 5917: 5876: 5819: 5666: 5398: 5332: 5168: 5071: 5028: 4363: 3290: 3180: 2828: 2719: 2453: 2183: 2017: 1997: 1893: 1873: 1583: 833: 586: 574: 566:, it contained many D&D features and references, including a computer controlled 544: 523: 474: 469: 424: 423:. MUDs have attracted the interest of academic scholars from many fields, including 312: 137: 84: 5062: 4780: 2990:

completed by Richard Bartle. Essex goes on the ARPANet, resulting in Internet MUDs!

446:, while others charge a monthly subscription fee. MUDs can be accessed via standard 6789: 6751: 6593: 6443: 6361: 6026: 5988: 5949: 5849: 5829: 5811: 5709: 5520: 5408: 5012: 4047: 3839: 3786: 3756: 3605: 3578: 3348: 3141: 3138:

The Cybergypsies: a True Tale of Lust, War, and Betrayal on the Electronic Frontier

1852: 1504: 1443: 1210: 1013: 766: 634: 578: 496: 215: 4158:

as a result. This is described as a 2D graphical MUD, and while we now know that

1814:

in 1993, also the first educational MUD. The MUD medium lends itself naturally to

4398:, p. 43, "Above this layer is what (for historical reasons) is known as the 3451: 2723: 2058:, "People go there as part of a hero's journey—a means of self-discovery". 6700: 6674: 6497: 6470: 6448: 6251: 6200: 5844: 5779: 5704: 5654: 5503: 5024: 4970: 4491: 3133: 2622: 2571: 2163: 2042: 2029: 1950: 1881: 1769: 1478: 1459: 1367: 809: 805: 797: 769:

MUD started by Pip Cordrey who gathered some people on a BBS he ran to create a

492: 479: 379: 378:, explore a fantasy world, complete quests, go on adventures, create a story by 340: 4018: 3735: 3364: 2754: 6746: 6722: 6669: 6557: 6261: 6180: 5788: 4841: 4772: 4549:

Towers, J. Tarin; Badertscher, Ken; Cunningham, Wayne; Buskirk, Laura (1996).

4279: 2794: 2307: 2109: 1966: 1417: 1081: 1048: 750: 722: 717: 343:. Players can read or view descriptions of rooms, objects, other players, and 320: 142: 5160: 1148:

for a Honeywell L66 mainframe under GCOS3/TSS. In late 1988 it was ported to

853:

later left AOL to run on its own after AOL began offering unlimited service.

6520: 6438: 6141: 6119: 5302: 3553: 3028: 2729: 2282: 2218:

was deliberately intended to be distanced from the prevailing hack-and-slay

2118: 2034: 1905: 1887: 1860: 1800: 1438: 1421: 1413: 1262: 1027: 878: 463: 436: 428: 106: 77: 5045: 4457: 4430:. ... Files within a MUDLib are akin to books on the shelves of a library." 4365:

The Social Media Bible: Tactics, Tools, and Strategies for Business Success

3972: 3821: 3006: 2856: 2432: 1555:

would cause the player to exit the current area via the path to the north.

1279:

which debuted in 1989 at the last of the London MUD mega Meets aptly named

5540: 6784: 6736: 6682: 6608: 6598: 6477: 6190: 5393: 5297: 5264: 4878: 3764: 3701:, Lars Penjske decides to write a server to combine the extensibility of 2134: 2103: 1786: 1591: 1579: 1229: 1225: 1129: 961:. The site featured two games coded and designed by Jacobs, a MUD called 820: 661:, which Trubshaw had greatly enjoyed playing. Trubshaw converted MUD to 642: 3794: 3645: 2423: 407:

of many MUD servers leads to their occasional use in areas ranging from

17: 6084: 5699: 5478: 5307: 5244: 5211: 5206: 2363: 1429: 1399: 1387: 1351: 1347: 1292: 1188: 1165: 1157: 1123: 976: 793: 706: 623: 611: 604:

in the summer of 1977 wrote a game for the PDP-10 minicomputer; called

375: 363: 4071:

evolves into the first educational Mud, with emphasis on K12 outreach.

3843: 3630: 3424: 3401: 3382: 2414: 1993:

also noted distinct patterns of socialization within MUD communities.

792:

became accessible in the UK as a commercial MUD via British Telecom's

5483: 5259: 5146:: Google custom search engine indexing MUD and MUD-related web sites. 3860: 1828: 1764: 1757: 1559: 1447: 1288: 1106: 1069: 1034: 937: 894: 741:

1985 saw the origin of a number of projects inspired by the original

735: 619: 582: 551: 447: 5727: 2309:

A Distributed Persistent World Server using Dworkin's Generic Driver

5140:: MUD listings, reviews, discussion forum and rankings by category. 3086:

rolling resets (as in the film "Westworld"). It went live in 1986.

6729: 6570: 5473: 5463: 5216: 3524: 1781: 1724: 1523: 1483: 1375: 1333: 1161: 1030: 987:. At its peak, the site had about 100 monthly subscribers to both 984: 966: 716:

game was closed down in late 1987, reportedly under pressure from

697: 518: 391:

Such fantasy settings for MUDs are common, while many others have

4757:"Presence in Text-Based Networked Virtual Environments or "MUDS"" 1232:. TinyMUCK version 2 contained a full programming language named 641:

in the UK, started working on a multi-user adventure game in the

5254: 2567:

Interactive Internet: The Insider's Guide to MUDs, MOOs, and IRC

2364:"A Portal for Interacting with Context-aware Ubiquitous Systems" 2138: 1241: 1153: 701: 662: 606: 31: 5731: 5544: 5164: 4177:

Avatars!: exploring and building virtual worlds on the Internet

1287:

440, in 1994 it made the leap from the venerable Archimedes to

761:

in its endgame, and which became a commercial MUD in 1988; and

5249: 5221: 5137: 2114: 1805: 1745: 1499: 1254: 1246: 1184: 1058: 913:), founded by Bob Alberti. GamBit's assets were later sold to 788:

was closed down during the holidays. Starting out as a hobby,

601: 432: 5131: 1903:

were routinely called graphical MUDs in their earlier years.

1195:

was disk-based and modifications to the game were immediate.

5112: 4566: 845:

was later picked up by AOL, where it became known simply as

6356: 5149: 5118: 4303:"Q&A: Behind RuneScape's 1 Million Subscriber Success" 4135:

Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games

2725:

Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction

2533:

Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games

2009:

wrote that the MUD community was "in decline" as of 2009.

1562:

interface more accessible to users, with features such as

1516:

had become the first and second most played games on AOL.

1092:

was published by Yehuda Simmons in 1989. It was the first

720:, to whom Richard Bartle had licensed the game. This left 5076:

Australian Folklore: A Yearly Journal of Folklore Studies

1257:

were inspired by TinyMUD but are not direct descendants.

1245:

kind of server, led to the eventual adoption of the term

1220:

TinyMUD, written in C and released in late 1989, spawned

286: 4703:"Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades: Players Who Suit MUDs" 4511: 4509: 1578:

While there have been many variations in overall focus,

1558:

MUD clients are computer applications that make the MUD

1358:, which he called the LPMud driver, that ran the C-like 477:

genres such as the social virtual worlds exemplified by

5115:: Home of the 16k MUD competition, and other resources. 2459:

Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet

2279:

Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals

4994:

Internet Agents: Spiders, Wanderers, Brokers, and Bots

4860:

Often MUD users (or MUDders, as they call themselves)

4237:". In Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (eds.). 1061:

in 1996. The games were retired commercially in 2000.

645:

assembly language for a DEC PDP-10. He named the game

5155: 5143: 4350:

that: a 2D graphical interface placed on top of a MUD

487:. A number of influential MMORPG designers began as 5134:: Extensive mud portal with hundreds of mud listings 4015:

Revenue Models in Massively Multiplayer online Games

2522: 2520: 1930:"CDLIB" redirects here. For the online catalog, see 1772:

environment typically based on server software like

1310:, which ran from 1999 to 2014. The now defunct 1996 1191:Pascal. It was publicly released in November 1988. 289: 6777: 6693: 6657: 6619: 6513: 6506: 6431: 6347: 6322: 6272: 6237: 6209: 6171: 6162: 6100: 6070: 6040: 5997: 5971: 5898: 5875: 5810: 5787: 5778: 5692: 5642: 5621: 5578: 5454: 5422: 5273: 5230: 5199: 1306:, it went on to spawn a number of games, including 1037:company in 1982 and in 1985 an enhanced version of 995:. GEnie was shut down in the late 1990s, although 841:existed). The MUD was officially launched in 1989. 351:, as well as using a character typically called an 283: 4238: 4011:Erlösmodelle in Massively Multiplayer online Games 3660: 3315: 3206:frame, but I believe Milieu probably predates MUD. 2963: 2628:Play Between Worlds: Exploring Online Game Culture 2277:Salamone, Frank A. (2004). Levinson, David (ed.). 1748:, is traditionally used to implement social MUDs. 5072:"The Development of MMORPG Culture and The Guild" 1464:In 1987, David Whatley, having previously played 965:(which was later renamed, upgraded and ported to 861:In 1978, around the same time Roy Trubshaw wrote 558:. The game was significantly expanded in 1976 by 4518:"MUD history dissolving into the waters of time" 3659:Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (2003). 3508:Monster was written in VMS Pascal under VMS 4.6. 3314:Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (2003). 2962:Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (2003). 2207: 2205: 2203: 3789:; Clover, Steve; Uzun, Roger (March 17, 2000). 3197:"A brief (and very incomplete) history of MUDs" 2936:Hosch, William L.; Ray, Michael (May 9, 2023). 957:created and deployed a commercial gaming site, 780:player, started programming his own MUD called 459:massively multiplayer online role-playing games 4812:(2nd ed.). Osborne McGraw-Hill. pp. 4067:at the suggestion of Wallace Feurzeig of BBN. 2242:(2nd ed.). Osborne McGraw-Hill. pp. 2231: 2229: 1916:massively multiplayer online role-playing game 1653:. Taking this a step further are MUDs devoted 1502:in September 1995, followed by the release of 1199:pioneered the approach of allowing players to 5743: 5634:History of massively multiplayer online games 5556: 5176: 1996:In 2004, MUDs were relatively popular in the 1876:provides a rich point-and-click experience). 1346:in LPMud). Pensjö had been an avid player of 1152:, which enabled it to spread rapidly to many 250: 8: 3493:"monster - multiuser adventure game for VMS" 3012:Essex University to work for MUSE full time. 2774:Brian Dear, Chapter 16: "Into the Dungeon", 1736:as a community activity and some element of 1072:enabled role-players to log into multi-line 622:, under the filename DUNGEN ("dungeon"), to 4241:Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide 3663:Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide 3318:Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide 2966:Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide 2081:meaning to play or interact with a MUD and 1674:ideas were influential in the evolution of 1634:" that is greatly at odds with this usage. 1408:MUDs based upon its code. DikuMUD inspired 1179:was a multi-user adventure game created by 6510: 6168: 5784: 5750: 5736: 5728: 5563: 5549: 5541: 5515: 5183: 5169: 5161: 3996: 3909: 2873: 2362:Cruickshank, Don; De Roure, David (2004). 2315:(Cand. Scient. thesis). University of Oslo 1780:. Most of the early Internet talkers were 1494:was officially launched in February 1990. 1446:) displaying such Diku-like gameplay that 887:Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium 257: 243: 38: 2654: 2652: 2422: 2375: 1909:was actually originally intended to be a 773:clone that would run on a home computer. 503:) or were involved with early MUDs (like 4848:(pbk. ed.). Routledge. p. 93. 4755:Towell, John; Towell, Elizabeth (1997). 4674:"Jackal takes Dragonfly to be his bride" 4553:. IDG Books Worldwide Inc. p. 138. 4138:. University Of Chicago Press. pp. 4059:Summer 1991. koosh (Nils McCarty) ports 3709:. Out of this inspiration, he designed 2536:. University Of Chicago Press. pp. 2448: 2446: 734:ran until the machine that hosted it, a 4638:Condon, William; Butler, Wayne (1997). 4380:Richard Garriott first coined the term 4208:Aihoshi, Richard (September 27, 2000). 3176:from the original on February 2, 2016. 3170:"Interactive Multi-User Computer Games" 3083:from the original on February 2, 2016. 3077:"Interactive Multi-User Computer Games" 3057:from the original on February 2, 2016. 3051:"Interactive Multi-User Computer Games" 2487:Grimmelmann, James (December 8, 2004). 2199: 195: 119: 62: 46: 4586: 4585: 4574: 4516:Brennan, Seraphina (January 6, 2009). 4439: 4395: 4108: 3954: 3938: 3475: 3276: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2211: 1051:. Later, its 2-D graphical descendant 909:was first owned and run by GamBit (of 669:), before handing over development to 554:computer, was the first widely played 5121:: MUD code repository and discussion. 4419: 3921: 2306:Hansen, Geir Harald (July 31, 2002). 2085:referring to the act of doing so. A 1508:in February 1996. By the end of 1997 1213:to create a stripped-down version of 865:, Alan E. Klietz wrote a game called 396: 7: 4874:"Curing mudflation before it starts" 4738:"MUD, PLATO and the dawn of MMORPGs" 4701:(July 1997). Jacobson, David (ed.). 4672:Godlovitch, Ilsa (August 28, 1995). 4641:Writing the Information Superhighway 4063:to Chezmoto. The name is changed to 2601:"MUD, PLATO and the dawn of MMORPGs" 869:(Scepter of Goth), and later called 827:as a science fiction alternative to 589:", "avatar", "krozair", "dungeon", " 5087:McClellan, Jim (January 28, 1999). 4530:from the original on April 26, 2016 3289:Hyrup, Darrin (February 10, 2007). 2690:Carter, Randolph (April 23, 2009). 2489:"Virtual Worlds as Comparative Law" 2343:(Master's thesis). Miami University 2169:Online text-based role-playing game 2069:Grammatical usage and derived terms 1715:(Multi-User Shared Hallucination). 1140:. Alan Cox had played the original 484: 4975:Internet Virtual Worlds Quick Tour 4928:Shah, Rawn; Romine, James (1995). 4490:. January 24, 2009. Archived from 4275:"Games Started Off Without a Bang" 3631:"toccobrator.com: TinyMUD Classic" 2334:Boring, Erich (December 3, 1993). 2174:Integrated development environment 2065:rather than simply communication. 1486:. After a short-lived instance of 1302:Although written specifically for 677:Wider access and early derivatives 399:purposes, while others are purely 25: 5591:Massively multiplayer online game 4362:Safko, Ron; Brake, David (2009). 4333:"WarCry and Jagex Talk RuneScape" 3646:"Adventure 89 review Pip Cordrey" 3448:"5. Reviews -- Rest of the World" 3383:"Richard A. Bartle: Reviews - UK" 3251:Klietz, Alan (January 20, 1992). 3104:Commodore Computing International 1657:to this sort of conflict, called 1372:Descendants of the original LPMud 610:, it became quite popular on the 5962: 5525: 5524: 5514: 5059:Microsoft Social Computing Group 5053:Mitchell, Don (March 23, 1995). 5040:Reese, George (March 11, 1996). 4452:Reese, George (March 11, 1996). 4335:. WarCry Network. Archived from 3967:Reese, George (March 11, 1996). 1762:A less-known MUD variant is the 1442:(created by avid DikuMUD player 1338:In 1989, LPMud was developed by 1138:University of Wales, Aberystwyth 1132:was AberMUD, written in 1987 by 1020:, a six player game inspired by 738:, was superseded in early 1991. 279: 54: 5293:Bartle taxonomy of player types 4809:The Internet Complete Reference 4736:Stuart, Keith (July 17, 2007). 4707:Journal of Virtual Environments 4233:(2003). "Post-Mortem: Mythic's 4086:. MuseNet. 1994. Archived from 2599:Stuart, Keith (July 19, 2007). 2239:The Internet Complete Reference 1109:or other religious activities. 847:Federation: Adult Space Fantasy 784:during Christmas 1985, because 4932:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4872:Chester, Chris (May 5, 2008). 3365:"A Study of MUDs as a Society" 3195:Wisner, Bill (June 29, 1990). 2913:Wisner, Bill (June 29, 1990). 2496:New York Law School Law Review 2041:Observations of MUD-play show 2028:" is a short essay written by 1317:Achaea, Dreams of Divine Lands 1295:where, other than shifting to 1: 5662:Social interaction in MMORPGs 5055:"From MUDs To Virtual Worlds" 4301:Dobson, James (May 3, 2007). 3291:"The Future of Dragon's Gate" 2890:. GameSpy.com. Archived from 2659:Nelson, Mike (July 2, 2002). 2498:(49): 147–184. Archived from 2089:is, naturally, one who MUDs. 1661:MUDs, the first of which was 1410:numerous derivative codebases 920:In 1984, Mark Peterson wrote 897:in 1983, naming the new port 358:Traditional MUDs implement a 128:Social interaction in MMORPGs 4930:Playing MUDs on the Internet 4331:Funk, John (July 23, 2008). 4273:King, Brad (July 15, 2002). 3861:The Lands of Evermore Manual 3554:"An Introduction to Monster" 3100:"Micronet's Multi-user Game" 2829:"The Dragon Ate My Homework" 2564:Shefski, William J. (1995). 979:science-fiction game called 940:(the basis for many dial-in 932:. In 1994, Peterson rewrote 400: 368:fictional races and monsters 4607:The Complete Internet Gamer 4484:"Full Lima Bundle Released" 4212:. RPG Vault. Archived from 4180:. Peachpit Press. pp. 3683:1989 Lars Penjske creates 3098:Kate & Frobozz (1986). 2837:. Vol. 1, no. 3. 2113:are also regularly coined. 1974:object-oriented programming 1711:(Multi-User Experience) or 1695:, generally abbreviated as 1033:graphics. They founded the 1012:classmates John Taylor and 983:, which was also ported to 692:in later years, ran on the 626:by a programmer working at 323:. MUDs combine elements of 6866: 5960: 4949:Secrets of the MUD Wizards 3886:. IDG Books. p. 199. 3818:"A chat with Elonka Dunin" 3793:. DIKU MUD. Archived from 3763:. DIKU MUD. Archived from 3253:"Scepter - the first MUD?" 2631:. The MIT Press. pp. 1932:California Digital Library 1929: 1826: 1755: 1722: 1685: 1641: 1601: 1457: 1397: 1331: 1291:Linux on the PC and later 1121: 885:which was operated by the 857:Other early MUD-like games 29: 5770:List of video game genres 5765: 5717:Social networking service 5512: 5469:Iron Realms Entertainment 5368:Player versus environment 5011:Burka, Lauren P. (1995). 4992:Cheong, Fah-Chun (1996). 4773:10.1162/pres.1997.6.5.590 4567:http://www.mudconnect.com 4046:Burka, Lauren P. (1995). 3884:More Internet for Dummies 3859:Basic movement commands: 3816:Cambron, Melanie (2002). 3734:Stewart, William (2002). 3604:Burka, Lauren P. (1995). 3029:"Escape from the Dungeon" 2915:"A brief history of MUDs" 2661:"Interview: Brad McQuaid" 2047:experience points, levels 2032:regarding the death of a 2013:Psychology and engagement 1638:Player versus player MUDs 1620:player versus environment 1253:. UberMUD, UnterMUD, and 1217:which he called TinyMUD. 944:systems), and renamed it 600:, a group of students at 6840:Multiplayer online games 6062:Digital collectible card 5431:Designing Virtual Worlds 5107:Source code repositories 5070:Jøn, A. Asbjørn (2010). 4910:Designing Virtual Worlds 4210:"Brad McQuaid Interview" 4009:Korchmar, Simon (2007). 3224:MMOs from the Inside Out 2777:The Friendly Orange Glow 2214:, pp. 9–10, 741, " 1816:constructionist learning 1360:LPC programming language 1322:Avalon: The Legend Lives 1304:Avalon: The Legend Lives 1276:Avalon: The Legend Lives 1089:Avalon: The Legend Lives 1078:online service providers 823:started a project named 491:and/or players (such as 370:, with players choosing 48:Role-playing video games 6147:Roguelike deck-building 6055:Roguelike deck-building 5629:History of online games 5572:Multiplayer video games 5029:"Online World Timeline" 4402:. For "mud library". 4245:. New Riders. pp. 3824:on September 27, 2007. 3705:with the adventures of 3667:. New Riders. pp. 3322:. New Riders. pp. 2986:1980 Final version of 2970:. New Riders. pp. 2942:Encyclopedia Britannica 2000:and mostly text-based. 1833:Category:Graphical MUDs 1701:roleplay intensive MUDs 1364:Jörn "Amylaar" Rennecke 1222:a number of descendants 1206:Colossal Cave Adventure 1068:with 300 to 2400 bit/s 1008:In the summer of 1980, 800:networks. A scandal on 540:Colossal Cave Adventure 360:role-playing video game 158:History of Western RPGs 148:History of Eastern RPGs 5089:"Mind game in the MUD" 5065:on September 26, 2006. 4947:Busey, Andrew (1995). 3997:Shah & Romine 1995 3910:Shah & Romine 1995 3844:"Simutronics Timeline" 3227:. Apress. p. 31. 2874:Shah & Romine 1995 2145:codebases and the MUD 1611:Dungeons & Dragons 1532: 1128:The first popular MUD 1023:Dungeons & Dragons 1010:University of Virginia 911:Minneapolis, Minnesota 825:Multi-User Galaxy Game 804:led to the closure of 530: 457:The history of modern 444:purchase virtual items 385:Dungeons & Dragons 6389:Tactical role-playing 6154:Tactical role-playing 5048:on February 26, 2012. 5033:Raph Koster's Website 5027:(February 20, 2002). 4806:Hahn, Harley (1996). 4611:John Wiley & Sons 4605:Pantuso, Joe (1996). 4565:The MUD Connector at 4551:Yahoo! Wild Web Rides 4174:Damer, Bruce (1998). 3491:(November 30, 1988). 3340:"My memory says that 3007:"Incarnations of MUD" 2888:"The History of MUDs" 2805:on January 16, 2009. 2799:"The History of Zork" 2755:"Summary MUD History" 2625:(February 24, 2006). 2456:(September 4, 1997). 2236:Hahn, Harley (1996). 2054:style. According to 2003:Seraphina Brennan of 1827:Further information: 1723:Further information: 1686:Further information: 1642:Further information: 1602:Further information: 1537:non-player characters 1527: 1368:Felix "Dworkin" Croes 1308:Avalon: The First Age 1094:persistent game world 1001:was later brought to 915:Interplay Productions 776:Neil Newell, an avid 653:), in tribute to the 543:, created in 1975 by 522: 345:non-player characters 6769:Vertically scrolling 5684:Non-player character 5586:Cooperative gameplay 5494:Mythic Entertainment 5438:A Rape in Cyberspace 5373:Player versus player 5348:Non-player character 5233:codebases, libraries 5042:"The LPMud Timeline" 4644:. Longman. pp. 4460:on February 26, 2012 3975:on February 26, 2012 3924:, p. 200, "The 3693:"Having fun playing 3552:(January 13, 1997). 3523:(January 20, 2002). 2696:Grinding to Valhalla 2464:Simon & Schuster 2402:Analytical Chemistry 2223:port called DUNGEN." 2189:Digital architecture 2073:As a noun, the word 2026:A Story About A Tree 1811:Diversity University 1676:player versus player 1644:Player versus player 1528:Gameplay scene from 1498:became available on 1201:build the game world 757:clone that included 700:(a British academic 665:(the predecessor of 577:were created on the 421:analytical chemistry 333:player versus player 299:multi-user dimension 163:Non-player character 6399:Turn-based strategy 6304:Submarine simulator 6110:Action role-playing 6017:Interactive fiction 5283:Alternate character 5192:Multi-user dungeons 4717:on October 29, 2007 4713:(1). Archived from 4235:Dark Age of Camelot 4084:"MicroMUSE Charter" 4017:] (in German). 2857:"Early MUD History" 1959:MorgenGrauen Mudlib 1955:LPUniversity Mudlib 1918:) a term coined by 1900:Dark Age of Camelot 1841:is a MUD that uses 1628:hack and slash MUDs 1626:, they are labeled 1598:Hack and slash MUDs 1564:syntax highlighting 1142:University of Essex 934:The Realm of Angmar 922:The Realm of Angmar 694:University of Essex 639:University of Essex 637:, a student at the 417:medical informatics 366:world populated by 337:interactive fiction 297:), also known as a 42:Part of a series on 6830:Multi-user dungeon 6800:Video game modding 6742:Nonlinear gameplay 6404:Turn-based tactics 6372:Real-time strategy 5113:Erwin S. Andreasen 4130:Castronova, Edward 4048:"The MUD Timeline" 3866:2013-04-20 at the 3759:(March 17, 2000). 3497:comp.sources.games 2886:Cuciz, D. (2004). 2753:Stewart, William. 2528:Castronova, Edward 2159:Chronology of MUDs 1972:MUDs that include 1872:appearances (e.g. 1533: 1136:, named after the 1066:personal computers 1047:, was launched on 1039:Dungeons of Kesmai 1018:Dungeons of Kesmai 819:At the same time, 808:, as described in 726:, a derivative of 684:, better known as 651:Multi-User Dungeon 531: 499:, Matt Firor, and 325:role-playing games 271:multi-user dungeon 153:History of MMORPGs 133:Character creation 6850:Video game genres 6817: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6805:Video game remake 6713:Emergent gameplay 6384:Real-time tactics 6343: 6342: 6282:Flight simulation 6012:Graphic adventure 5958: 5957: 5759:Video game genres 5725: 5724: 5538: 5537: 5499:Plaintext Players 5489:The Mud Connector 5152:: MUD statistics. 5132:The Mud Connector 4984:978-1-56604-222-2 4977:. Ventana Press. 4962:978-0-672-30723-2 4939:978-0-471-11633-2 4920:978-0-13-101816-7 4855:978-0-415-91684-4 4823:978-0-07-882138-7 4584:External link in 4560:978-0-7645-7003-2 4494:on March 12, 2016 4375:978-0-470-41155-1 4256:978-1-59273-000-1 4216:on May 24, 2007. 4191:978-0-201-68840-5 4149:978-0-226-09627-8 4028:978-3-640-22276-6 3797:on April 13, 2011 3791:"Sworn Statement" 3767:on April 13, 2011 3761:"Sworn Statement" 3678:978-1-59273-000-1 3644:Bartle, Richard. 3454:on April 23, 2010 3423:Bartle, Richard. 3400:Bartle, Richard. 3381:Bartle, Richard. 3333:978-1-59273-000-1 3234:978-1-4842-1724-5 3151:978-0-670-88630-2 3110:on April 30, 2009 2981:978-1-59273-000-1 2894:on March 24, 2008 2825:Rheingold, Howard 2808:the name he used. 2739:978-3-540-63293-1 2671:on March 10, 2007 2585:978-1-55958-748-8 2547:978-0-226-09627-8 2473:978-0-684-83348-4 2462:(pbk. ed.). 2415:10.1021/ac102303u 2253:978-0-07-882138-7 1843:computer graphics 1688:Role-playing game 1054:Legends of Kesmai 936:, adapting it to 924:, beginning as a 889:. Klietz ported 745:. These included 585:", "oubliette", " 452:The Mud Connector 401:chat environments 388:series of games. 303:multi-user domain 267: 266: 16:(Redirected from 6857: 6795:Video game clone 6511: 6507:Related concepts 6314:Vehicular combat 6169: 6042:Digital tabletop 6022:Interactive film 5982:Grand Theft Auto 5973:Action-adventure 5966: 5923:Platform fighter 5802:Platform fighter 5785: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5729: 5679:Player character 5672:Persistent world 5565: 5558: 5551: 5542: 5528: 5527: 5518: 5517: 5363:Player character 5358:Persistent world 5185: 5178: 5171: 5162: 5096: 5083: 5066: 5061:. Archived from 5049: 5044:. Archived from 5036: 5020: 5007: 4988: 4966: 4943: 4924: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4846:Internet Culture 4838: 4832: 4831: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4783:. Archived from 4752: 4746: 4745: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4572: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4513: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471:develop LPMud.ad 4467: 4465: 4456:. Archived from 4454:"LPMud Timeline" 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4422:, p. 239, " 4417: 4411: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4346: 4344: 4339:on July 28, 2011 4328: 4322: 4321: 4315: 4313: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4244: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4126: 4120: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4090:on June 15, 2011 4080: 4074: 4073: 4056: 4054: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3980: 3971:. Archived from 3969:"LPMud Timeline" 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3936: 3930: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3876: 3870: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3820:. Archived from 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3666: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3614: 3612: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3581:(July 4, 1990). 3575: 3569: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3550:Skrenta, Richard 3546: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3521:Skrenta, Richard 3517: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3489:Skrenta, Richard 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3459: 3450:. Archived from 3443: 3437: 3436: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3342:Island of Kesmai 3321: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3261: 3259: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3215: 3209: 3208: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3117: 3115: 3106:. Archived from 3095: 3089: 3088: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3021: 3015: 3014: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2969: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2801:. Archived from 2787: 2781: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2667:. Archived from 2656: 2647: 2646: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2572:Prima Publishing 2561: 2555: 2554: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2505:on June 19, 2010 2504: 2493: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2426: 2409:(6): 1916–1923. 2395: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2379: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2342: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2314: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2274: 2261: 2260: 2233: 2224: 2209: 1963:Nightmare Mudlib 1947:Discworld Mudlib 1920:Richard Garriott 1857:Chip Morningstar 1794:Educational MUDs 1693:Roleplaying MUDs 1682:Roleplaying MUDs 1673: 1473:Island of Kesmai 1285:Acorn Archimedes 1249:to refer to the 1113:Popular variants 1057:was launched on 1044:Island of Kesmai 837:(at the time no 814:The Cybergypsies 575:dungeon crawlers 409:computer science 349:natural language 296: 295: 292: 291: 288: 285: 259: 252: 245: 168:Player character 58: 39: 27:Video game genre 21: 6865: 6864: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6835:MUD terminology 6820: 6819: 6818: 6809: 6773: 6764:Twitch gameplay 6689: 6653: 6615: 6502: 6454:Survival horror 6427: 6377:Time management 6339: 6318: 6309:Train simulator 6268: 6233: 6205: 6158: 6096: 6066: 6036: 5993: 5967: 5954: 5894: 5890:Survival horror 5871: 5806: 5774: 5761: 5756: 5726: 5721: 5688: 5650:Virtual economy 5638: 5617: 5574: 5569: 5539: 5534: 5508: 5456: 5450: 5418: 5375:, Playerkilling 5275: 5269: 5232: 5231:Minor branches, 5226: 5195: 5189: 5128: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5086: 5069: 5052: 5039: 5023: 5010: 5004: 4991: 4985: 4969: 4963: 4953:SAMS Publishing 4946: 4940: 4927: 4921: 4905:Bartle, Richard 4903: 4899: 4894: 4884: 4882: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4856: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4824: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4790: 4788: 4787:on May 18, 2013 4754: 4753: 4749: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4699:Bartle, Richard 4697: 4696: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4678:The Independent 4671: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4621: 4613:. p. 115. 4604: 4603: 4599: 4583: 4573: 4561: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4515: 4514: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4463: 4461: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4418: 4414: 4394: 4390: 4376: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4342: 4340: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4311: 4309: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4150: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4052: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4029: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3995: 3991: 3978: 3976: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3937: 3933: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3880:Levine, John R. 3878: 3877: 3873: 3868:Wayback Machine 3858: 3854: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3679: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3610: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3558: 3556: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3501: 3499: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3457: 3455: 3446:Carroll, Eddy. 3445: 3444: 3440: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3334: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3295: 3293: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3275: 3271: 3257: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3219:Bartle, Richard 3217: 3216: 3212: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3166:Bartle, Richard 3164: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3113: 3111: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3073:Bartle, Richard 3071: 3070: 3066: 3047:Bartle, Richard 3045: 3044: 3040: 3025:Lawrie, Michael 3023: 3022: 3018: 3003:Bartle, Richard 3001: 3000: 2996: 2982: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2938:"Online gaming" 2935: 2934: 2930: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2853:Bartle, Richard 2851: 2850: 2846: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2773: 2769: 2759:Living Internet 2752: 2751: 2747: 2740: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2700: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2658: 2657: 2650: 2643: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2586: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2548: 2526: 2525: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2397: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2285:. p. 300. 2276: 2275: 2264: 2254: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2210: 2201: 2197: 2179:Virtual economy 2155: 2071: 2051:game mechanical 2015: 1991:The Independent 1987:The Independent 1982: 1939:Ain Soph Mudlib 1935: 1928: 1835: 1825: 1796: 1768:, a variety of 1760: 1754: 1734:online creation 1727: 1721: 1690: 1684: 1678:online gaming. 1671: 1646: 1640: 1606: 1600: 1576: 1568:keyboard macros 1522: 1467:Scepter of Goth 1462: 1456: 1402: 1396: 1356:virtual machine 1336: 1330: 1271: 1187:and written in 1181:Richard Skrenta 1174: 1126: 1120: 1115: 1103: 947:Swords of Chaos 930:Scepter of Goth 899:Scepter of Goth 859: 812:'s net-memoir, 759:online creation 679: 536: 517: 509:J. Todd Coleman 461:(MMORPGs) like 405:flexible nature 393:science fiction 282: 278: 263: 188:Threefold model 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6863: 6861: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6822: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6759:Side-scrolling 6756: 6755: 6754: 6749: 6739: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6667: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6604:Climate change 6601: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6562: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6423: 6421:Grand strategy 6413: 6412: 6411: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6353: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6332: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6278: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6259: 6249: 6243: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6215: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6177: 6175: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6139: 6137:Monster-taming 6134: 6129: 6124: 6123: 6122: 6117: 6115:Looter shooter 6106: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6094: 6089: 6082: 6076: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6046: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6003: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5991: 5986: 5977: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5911:Hack and slash 5902: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5816: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5799: 5797:Endless runner 5793: 5791: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5755: 5754: 5747: 5740: 5732: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5702: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5588: 5582: 5580: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5545: 5536: 5535: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5404:Video game bot 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5353:Online wedding 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5318:Hack and slash 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5201: 5200:Major branches 5197: 5196: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5116: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5102:External links 5100: 5098: 5097: 5084: 5067: 5050: 5037: 5021: 5008: 5002: 4996:. New Riders. 4989: 4983: 4967: 4961: 4944: 4938: 4925: 4919: 4913:. New Riders. 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4892: 4864: 4854: 4833: 4822: 4798: 4767:(5): 590–595. 4747: 4742:guardian.co.uk 4728: 4690: 4664: 4655:978-0205195756 4654: 4630: 4620:978-0471137870 4619: 4597: 4559: 4541: 4505: 4475: 4444: 4432: 4412: 4388: 4374: 4354: 4323: 4293: 4265: 4255: 4222: 4200: 4190: 4166: 4148: 4121: 4113:graphical MUDs 4101: 4075: 4038: 4027: 4021:. p. 10. 4001: 3989: 3959: 3957:, p. 481. 3947: 3931: 3914: 3902: 3892: 3871: 3852: 3831: 3808: 3778: 3744: 3726: 3721:LPMud Timeline 3718:George Reese's 3677: 3651: 3636: 3622: 3596: 3570: 3541: 3512: 3480: 3468: 3438: 3425:"Reviews – UK" 3415: 3402:"Reviews – UK" 3392: 3373: 3356: 3332: 3306: 3281: 3269: 3243: 3233: 3210: 3187: 3157: 3150: 3125: 3090: 3064: 3038: 3016: 2994: 2980: 2954: 2928: 2905: 2878: 2866: 2844: 2812: 2782: 2767: 2745: 2738: 2720:Montfort, Nick 2711: 2682: 2665:The guru of 3D 2648: 2642:978-0262201636 2641: 2614: 2591: 2584: 2556: 2546: 2516: 2479: 2472: 2454:Turkle, Sherry 2442: 2390: 2354: 2326: 2298: 2291: 2262: 2252: 2225: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2154: 2151: 2091:Compound words 2070: 2067: 2056:Richard Bartle 2043:styles of play 2014: 2011: 1981: 1978: 1927: 1924: 1879:Games such as 1866:user interface 1824: 1823:Graphical MUDs 1821: 1795: 1792: 1756:Main article: 1753: 1750: 1742:TinyMUD family 1720: 1717: 1683: 1680: 1639: 1636: 1632:adventure game 1616:player-killing 1604:Hack and slash 1599: 1596: 1584:game mechanics 1575: 1572: 1521: 1518: 1458:Main article: 1455: 1452: 1406:hack and slash 1398:Main article: 1395: 1392: 1332:Main article: 1329: 1326: 1312:Age of Thrones 1270: 1267: 1251:TinyMUD family 1173: 1170: 1122:Main article: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1102: 1099: 858: 855: 678: 675: 671:Richard Bartle 568:dungeon master 562:. Also called 556:adventure game 535: 532: 516: 513: 489:MUD developers 485:graphical MUDs 473:, and related 425:communications 413:geoinformatics 329:hack and slash 265: 264: 262: 261: 254: 247: 239: 236: 235: 234: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 200: 199: 193: 192: 191: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 122: 121: 117: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 103: 102: 92: 90:Monster-taming 87: 82: 81: 80: 67: 66: 60: 59: 51: 50: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6862: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6776: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6649:Single-player 6647: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6528: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6394:Tower defense 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6335:Immersive sim 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6224:City-building 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6127:Dungeon crawl 6125: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6099: 6093: 6092:Tile-matching 6090: 6088: 6087: 6083: 6081: 6080:Hidden object 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6050:Deck-building 6048: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5885:Battle royale 5883: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5748: 5746: 5741: 5739: 5734: 5733: 5730: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5668: 5667:Virtual world 5665: 5663: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5559: 5554: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5533: 5532: 5523: 5522: 5511: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457:organizations 5453: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5399:Virtual goods 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5333:Kill stealing 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5186: 5181: 5179: 5174: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5138:Top Mud Sites 5136: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5090: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5013:"The MUDline" 5009: 5005: 5003:1-56205-463-5 4999: 4995: 4990: 4986: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4931: 4926: 4922: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4802: 4799: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4751: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4729: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4679: 4675: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4601: 4598: 4593: 4578: 4571: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4542: 4529: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426:is short for 4425: 4421: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4338: 4334: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4308: 4304: 4297: 4294: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4242: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4102: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4049: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3974: 3970: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3932: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3893:0-7645-0135-6 3889: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3840:Dunin, Elonka 3835: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3809: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3787:McQuaid, Brad 3782: 3779: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757:McQuaid, Brad 3754: 3753:Smedley, John 3748: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3736:"MUD History" 3730: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3664: 3655: 3652: 3647: 3640: 3637: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3619: 3607: 3606:"The MUDline" 3600: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3579:Aspnes, James 3574: 3571: 3567: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3530: 3526: 3525:"VMS Monster" 3522: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3458:September 25, 3453: 3449: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3429:www.mud.co.uk 3426: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3406:www.mud.co.uk 3403: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3319: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3292: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3254: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3182: 3181:Federation II 3175: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3153: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2958: 2955: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2906: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2791:Anderson, Tim 2786: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2771: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2746: 2741: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2697: 2693: 2692:"Psychochild" 2686: 2683: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2595: 2592: 2587: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2501: 2497: 2490: 2483: 2480: 2475: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403: 2394: 2391: 2378: 2377:10.1.1.1.8402 2373: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2355: 2339: 2338: 2330: 2327: 2311: 2310: 2302: 2299: 2294: 2292:0-415-94180-6 2288: 2284: 2280: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2184:Cyberformance 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2019: 2018:Sherry Turkle 2012: 2010: 2008: 2007: 2001: 1999: 1998:United States 1994: 1992: 1988: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1895: 1894:Ultima Online 1890: 1889: 1884: 1883: 1877: 1875: 1874:Ultima Online 1871: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1851:, written by 1850: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1839:graphical MUD 1834: 1830: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1759: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1622:conflict and 1621: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1605: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545:attack dragon 1542: 1538: 1531: 1526: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1461: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1401: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1335: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1281:Adventure '89 1278: 1277: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1101:Later history 1100: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1004: 1000: 999: 998:Dragon's Gate 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 973: 972:Dragon's Gate 968: 964: 960: 956: 951: 949: 948: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 856: 854: 852: 848: 844: 843:Federation II 840: 836: 835: 834:Federation II 830: 826: 822: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 724: 719: 715: 712:The original 710: 708: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 676: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 631: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 608: 603: 599: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 550: 546: 545:Will Crowther 542: 541: 533: 529: 525: 524:Will Crowther 521: 515:Early history 514: 512: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 481: 476: 475:virtual world 472: 471: 470:Ultima Online 466: 465: 460: 455: 453: 449: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 389: 387: 386: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 356: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 313:virtual world 311: 308: 304: 300: 294: 276: 272: 260: 255: 253: 248: 246: 241: 240: 238: 237: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 202: 201: 198: 194: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 138:Dialogue tree 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 125: 124: 123: 118: 113: 110: 108: 105: 101: 98: 97: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 85:Dungeon crawl 83: 79: 76: 75: 74: 71: 70: 69: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6790:Toys-to-life 6730: 6723: 6675: 6620:Player modes 6584:Personalized 6569: 6558: 6526: 6432:Other genres 6362:Auto battler 6330:Falling-sand 6292:Lunar Lander 6102:Role-playing 6085: 6027:Visual novel 5989:Metroidvania 5981: 5935: 5867:Third-person 5840:Shoot 'em up 5825:First-person 5710:Browser game 5612: 5529: 5519: 5443: 5429: 5423:Publications 5343:Mob, Monster 5191: 5119:MudBytes.net 5093:The Guardian 5092: 5079: 5075: 5063:the original 5058: 5046:the original 5032: 5025:Koster, Raph 5016: 4993: 4974: 4971:Carton, Sean 4948: 4929: 4909: 4897:Bibliography 4885:November 27, 4883:. Retrieved 4877: 4867: 4859: 4845: 4836: 4827: 4808: 4801: 4789:. Retrieved 4785:the original 4764: 4760: 4750: 4741: 4731: 4719:. Retrieved 4715:the original 4710: 4706: 4693: 4681:. Retrieved 4677: 4667: 4659: 4640: 4633: 4624: 4606: 4600: 4587:|quote= 4564: 4550: 4544: 4532:. Retrieved 4521: 4496:. Retrieved 4492:the original 4487: 4478: 4469: 4462:. Retrieved 4458:the original 4447: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4364: 4357: 4348: 4341:. Retrieved 4337:the original 4326: 4317: 4310:. Retrieved 4306: 4296: 4286:September 9, 4284:. Retrieved 4278: 4268: 4260: 4240: 4234: 4225: 4217: 4214:the original 4203: 4195: 4176: 4169: 4159: 4155: 4154:established 4153: 4134: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4104: 4092:. Retrieved 4088:the original 4078: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4058: 4051:. Retrieved 4041: 4032: 4014: 4010: 4004: 3992: 3984: 3977:. Retrieved 3973:the original 3962: 3950: 3934: 3925: 3917: 3905: 3897: 3883: 3874: 3855: 3847: 3834: 3825: 3822:the original 3811: 3799:. 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London. 2370:: 96–100. 2195:References 2110:mudflation 1967:TMI Mudlib 1911:text-based 1667:in 1992. 1541:take apple 1082:CompuServe 1049:CompuServe 851:Federation 751:Ben Laurie 718:CompuServe 403:, and the 317:text-based 315:, usually 221:Roguelikes 183:Statistics 143:GNS theory 73:Action RPG 6533:Christian 6521:Advergame 6409:Artillery 6142:Roguelike 6120:Soulslike 5999:Adventure 5835:Light gun 5274:Concepts, 5150:MUD Stats 5126:Resources 5082:: 97–112. 4744:. London. 4721:April 30, 4577:cite book 4523:Massively 4464:April 18, 4368:. 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