Knowledge (XXG)

Tivoid languages

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Following Blench (2010), Tivoid languages fall into three branches, though North Tivoid languages are almost unattested. The names in parentheses are dialects per
1096: 257:; it had 110,000 speakers in 2000. Most apart from Tiv are extremely poorly known, and the next best, Esimbi, has not even been demonstrated to be Tivoid. 1184: 1327: 2440: 1320: 1132: 1078: 402: 2404: 1177: 1352: 2171: 2264: 1675: 1661: 1053: 2215: 2164: 1718: 1686: 231: 1777: 1604: 1595: 1343: 60: 2435: 2378: 1405: 1170: 1798: 1386: 2065: 375:
is well attested, but there is not much reason to consider it Tivoid; it has just about as much in common with
165: 1455: 1379: 2414: 2045: 2023: 1865: 1654: 1498: 1301: 1263: 1009: 999: 970: 966: 935: 856: 841: 782: 745: 735: 701: 667: 380: 361: 147: 2178: 2355: 2234: 2036: 1917: 1755: 1645: 413: 376: 2409: 431: 1910: 1702: 1212: 549: 422:, traditionally classified as Grassfields, may also be a Grassfields language or closer to Tivoid. 303: 1138: 401:, based on an old, provisional assignment of Blench; Blench (2010) states they are instead in the 66: 1850: 1620: 1531: 1361: 2243: 2150: 1819: 1634: 1488: 1462: 1442: 1370: 887: 814: 778: 741: 697: 663: 133: 81: 2311: 2257: 2250: 2208: 2157: 1973: 1833: 1826: 1734: 1695: 1627: 1567: 1561: 1505: 1436: 1423: 419: 174: 86: 253:
for which the group is named; it had 2 million speakers in 1991. The second largest is the
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The majority are threatened with extinction. The largest of these languages by far is the
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Cassetta & Cassetta (1994): ‘Probably 75‒80% of Ugare speakers live on the
17: 544:, Sardauna LGA, several villages east of Baissa, below the Mambila escarpment 118: 430:
Below is a list of Tivoid language names, populations, and locations (in
239: 48: 1312: 452: 235: 44: 2348: 464: 416:, may be closer to Tivoid, though that may be an effect of contact. 1162: 1934: 1237: 1117:(4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation. 1316: 1166: 926:, Makurdi, Gwer, Gboko Kwande, Vandeikya and Katsina Ala LGAs; 1152: 1139:
The Tivoid Languages: overview and comparative word list
138:
The Tivoid languages shown within Nigeria and Cameroon:
2397: 2341: 2304: 2274: 2233: 2188: 2133: 2126: 2064: 2022: 2015: 2006: 1932: 1864: 1776: 1717: 1685: 1644: 1612: 1603: 1594: 1530: 1472: 1369: 1360: 1351: 1282: 1251: 1200: 117: 109: 54: 37: 32: 575:, Sardauna LGA, Batu Amanda and Batu Afi villages 969:side of the border, in the Akwaya subdivision of 1328: 1178: 8: 660:No proof of permanent communities in Nigeria 508:, Sardauna LGA, Abong town (east of Baissa) 773:Ochebe, Ocheve (names of founding ancestor) 27:Subfamily of the Southern Bantoid languages 2130: 2019: 2012: 1609: 1600: 1366: 1357: 1335: 1321: 1313: 1185: 1171: 1163: 436: 246:, the most spoken language in the group. 1072: 1070: 859:(several villages in Manyu DĂ©partement) 1066: 1002:(1987 SIL); 3,000 in Nigeria (1973 SIL) 1097:"Classification of Momo and West Momo" 29: 242:. The subfamily takes its name after 7: 1008:; Sardauna LGA, near Baissa; and in 920:800,000 (1952); 1,500,000 (1980 UBS) 635:, Sardauna LGA, Batu Kamino village 781:, Obudu LGA and mainly in adjacent 605:, Sardauna LGA, Batu Angwe village 934:, Wukari, Takum, Bali LGA; and in 884:2,000 (1953 Bohannan); 2,500 (SIL) 760:Icheve, Becheve, Bacheve, Bechere, 729:Banagere, Iyon, Utse, Utser, Utseu 389:lists three additional languages, 25: 855:, Kwande LGA, near Turan; and in 383:within Tivoid is also uncertain. 269:, separate languages per Blench: 1151: This article incorporates 1146: 132: 1035:A single village east of Baissa 1115:An Atlas of Nigerian Languages 412:, traditionally classified as 1: 2209:Samogo (partial: Duun–Sembla) 426:Names and locations (Nigeria) 744:, Obudu LGA and in adjacent 458:Other names (location-based) 2165:Soso–Jalonke (Susu–Yalunka) 840:Asumbo (Cover term used in 734:5,000 in Nigeria, 7,000 in 2457: 2441:Southern Bantoid languages 434:only) from Blench (2019). 232:Southern Bantoid languages 502:Only spoken in Abong town 131: 56:Linguistic classification 973:’s Southwest Province.’ 917:Munshi (not recommended) 461:Other names for language 405:(Western Momo) family. 140:Uncertain affiliation: 1113:Blench, Roger (2019). 1079:"The Tivoid Languages" 1077:Blench, Roger (2010). 1137:Blench, Roger. 2016. 1131:Blench, Roger. 2010. 1095:Blenh, Roger (2010). 681:Avande, Evand, Ovande 449:Own name for language 403:Southwest Grassfields 377:Grassfields languages 1155:available under the 1133:The Tivoid Languages 666:, Obudu LGA; and in 230:are a branch of the 216: Central Tivoid 1562:Ngbaka (Mundu–Baka) 700:, Obudu LGA and in 446:Alternate spellings 234:spoken in parts of 2172:Southwestern Mande 957:Binangeli, Messaka 805:Kwaya, Olit, Oliti 690:Balagete, Belegete 208: North Tivoid 2423: 2422: 2405:Proto-Niger–Congo 2229: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2122: 2121: 2002: 2001: 1860: 1859: 1772: 1771: 1676:Upper Cross River 1662:Lower Cross River 1590: 1589: 1430:Mbum (Kebi–Benue) 1310: 1309: 1054:Tivoid word lists 1045: 1044: 993:Njwande, Yukutare 888:Cross River State 815:Cross River State 779:Cross River State 742:Cross River State 698:Cross River State 664:Cross River State 224: 223: 16:(Redirected from 2448: 2436:Tivoid languages 2379:Serengeti-Dorobo 2191:(Samogo–Soninke) 2136:(Manding–Kpelle) 2131: 2020: 2013: 1719:Southern Bantoid 1687:Northern Bantoid 1610: 1601: 1367: 1358: 1337: 1330: 1323: 1314: 1194:Tivoid languages 1187: 1180: 1173: 1164: 1150: 1119: 1118: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1101: 1092: 1086: 1085: 1083: 1074: 962:5000 (1994 est.) 437: 379:. The status of 317:(Batanga, Asaka) 228:Tivoid languages 215: 207: 193: 181: 172: 163: 154: 145: 136: 127: 87:Southern Bantoid 30: 21: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2398:Proto-languages 2393: 2337: 2300: 2270: 2221: 2190: 2184: 2135: 2118: 2060: 1998: 1937: 1928: 1856: 1768: 1713: 1681: 1640: 1586: 1526: 1468: 1347: 1341: 1311: 1306: 1278: 1247: 1196: 1191: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1068: 1063: 1050: 1041:, Sardauna LGA 428: 370: 279:Central Tivoid 263: 255:Bitare language 220: 217: 213: 209: 205: 198: 191: 186: 179: 177: 170: 168: 161: 159: 152: 150: 143: 123: 47:, southwestern 39: 28: 23: 22: 18:Tivoid language 15: 12: 11: 5: 2454: 2452: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2428: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2415:Proto-Yoruboid 2412: 2407: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2391: 2383: 2374: 2368: 2360: 2352: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2322: 2314: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2284: 2278: 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1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1502: 1499:Samo (Burkina) 1496: 1491: 1486: 1478: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1466: 1463:Yendang (Maya) 1459: 1452: 1445: 1443:Nyingwom (Kam) 1440: 1433: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1409: 1402: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1375: 1373: 1364: 1355: 1353:Atlantic–Congo 1349: 1348: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1332: 1325: 1317: 1308: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1189: 1182: 1175: 1167: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1105: 1087: 1065: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1013: 1012: 1003: 996: 994: 991: 989: 987: 985: 983: 981: 975: 974: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 951: 949: 947: 945: 939: 938: 928:Nasarawa State 921: 918: 915: 913: 911: 909: 907: 904: 902: 896: 895: 885: 882: 880: 878: 876: 874: 872: 871:Utanga, Otanga 869: 867: 861: 860: 850: 847: 845: 838: 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103: 102: 101: 100: 99: 98: 97: 96: 95: 94: 67:Atlantic–Congo 58: 52: 51: 41: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2453: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2265:Talodi–Heiban 2262: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 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1091: 1088: 1084:. p. 13. 1080: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1060: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1001: 997: 995: 992: 990: 988: 986: 984: 982: 980: 977: 976: 972: 968: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 952: 950: 948: 946: 944: 941: 940: 937: 933: 930:, Lafia LGA; 929: 925: 922: 919: 916: 914: 912: 910: 908: 905: 903: 901: 898: 897: 894:, Kwande LGA 893: 890:, Obudu LGA; 889: 886: 883: 881: 879: 877: 875: 873: 870: 868: 866: 863: 862: 858: 854: 851: 848: 846: 843: 839: 837: 834: 831: 828: 826: 824: 821: 820: 816: 813: 811: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 796: 793: 791: 788: 787: 784: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 768: 765: 762: 759: 756: 754: 751: 750: 747: 743: 740: 737: 733: 731: 728: 726: 724: 722: 720: 717: 715: 714: 712: 707: 706: 703: 699: 696: 694: 692: 689: 687: 685: 683: 680: 678: 676: 673: 672: 669: 665: 662: 659: 657: 655: 653: 651: 649: 646: 644: 642: 639: 638: 634: 631: 629: 627: 625: 623: 621: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 608: 604: 601: 599: 597: 595: 593: 591: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 574: 571: 569: 567: 565: 563: 561: 559: 557: 554: 551: 548: 547: 543: 540: 537: 535: 533: 531: 529: 527: 525: 522: 520: 519: 517: 512: 511: 507: 504: 501: 498: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 482: 480: 477: 476: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 438: 435: 433: 425: 423: 421: 417: 415: 411: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 382: 378: 374: 363: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347:(Afi, Kamino) 346: 343: 342: 341:North Tivoid 340: 338: 335: 328: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 312: 310: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 291: 287: 284: 283: 281: 280: 278: 277: 276: 273: 272: 270: 268: 260: 258: 256: 252: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 211: 203: 202: 201: 197: 189: 185: 176: 167: 158: 149: 141: 135: 130: 126: 122: 120: 116: 112: 108: 93: 90: 89: 88: 85: 84: 83: 80: 79: 78: 75: 74: 73: 70: 69: 68: 65: 64: 62: 59: 57: 53: 50: 46: 43:Southeastern 42: 36: 31: 19: 2385: 2377: 2362: 2356:Dima-Bottego 2354: 2342:Unclassified 2324: 2316: 2293: 2286: 2263: 2256: 2249: 2242: 2216:Soninke–Bozo 2214: 2207: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2156: 2149: 2142: 2134:Central West 1985: 1972: 1965: 1958: 1916: 1909: 1897: 1873: 1849: 1832: 1825: 1818: 1811: 1804: 1797: 1790: 1762: 1761: 1754: 1747: 1740: 1733: 1726: 1701: 1694: 1674: 1667: 1660: 1653: 1633: 1626: 1619: 1579: 1574:Sere (Ndogo) 1572: 1560: 1553: 1546: 1539: 1504: 1481: 1461: 1454: 1447: 1435: 1428: 1411: 1404: 1392: 1385: 1378: 1193: 1145: 1144: 1114: 1108: 1090: 1056:(Wiktionary) 1039:Taraba State 1006:Taraba State 932:Taraba State 817:, Obudu LGA 709: 708: 633:Taraba State 603:Taraba State 573:Taraba State 542:Taraba State 538:25,000 (SIL) 514: 513: 506:Taraba State 473:Location(s) 429: 418: 407: 385: 371: 274: 266: 264: 251:Tiv language 248: 227: 225: 199: 187: 139: 113:Proto-Tivoid 91: 40:distribution 2410:Proto-Bantu 2235:Kordofanian 2203:Jowulu (Jɔ) 1940:Ivory Coast 1918:Senegambian 1778:Volta–Niger 1756:Grassfields 1646:Cross River 1605:Benue–Congo 1596:Volta–Congo 1483:Central Gur 1344:Niger–Congo 924:Benue State 892:Benue State 853:Benue State 738:(1990 est.) 414:Grassfields 77:Benue–Congo 72:Volta-Congo 61:Niger–Congo 2430:Categories 1799:Ayere–Ahan 1449:Samba–Duru 1419:Kwah (Baa) 1387:Bikwin–Jen 1126:References 550:Amanda–Afi 329:(Amanavil) 267:Ethnologue 188:Isolates: 38:Geographic 2189:Northwest 2016:Southeast 1911:Rio Nunez 1703:Mambiloid 1456:Tula–Waja 1380:Bena–Mboi 1157:CC BY 3.0 998:3,700 in 906:TĂ­v, Tivi 261:Languages 119:Glottolog 2382:" ? 2305:Isolates 2179:Vai–Kono 2066:Southern 1933:Others ( 1851:Yoruboid 1621:Jukunoid 1532:Ubangian 1362:Savannas 1346:branches 1252:Northern 1159:license. 1048:See also 1010:Cameroon 1000:Cameroon 971:Cameroon 967:Cameroon 936:Cameroon 857:Cameroon 842:Cameroon 783:Cameroon 746:Cameroon 736:Cameroon 702:Cameroon 668:Cameroon 470:Speakers 440:Language 240:Cameroon 125:tivo1239 49:Cameroon 2390: ? 2373: ? 2367: ? 2359: ? 2351: ? 2329: ? 2321: ? 2312:Bangime 2151:Manding 2048: ? 2024:Eastern 1990: ? 1977: ? 1974:Mangree 1820:Idomoid 1635:Plateau 1613:Platoid 1568:Ngbandi 1501: ? 1489:Kulango 1424:Longuda 1371:Adamawa 1201:Central 713:cluster 552:cluster 518:cluster 453:Endonym 443:Cluster 432:Nigeria 420:Menchum 323:(Olulu) 306:(Oliti) 236:Nigeria 175:Menchum 82:Bantoid 45:Nigeria 2349:Degere 2282:Defaka 2275:Others 2258:Rashad 2251:Lafofa 2158:Mokole 2056:Tyenga 2052:Shanga 1994:Siamou 1881:Bijago 1834:Nupoid 1827:Igboid 1763:Tivoid 1735:Beboid 1696:Dakoid 1628:Kainji 1517:Tusian 1506:Senufo 1494:Miyobe 1437:Mumuye 1296:Esimbi 1290:Mesaka 1283:Others 1274:Bitare 979:Bitare 797:Matchi 766:Baceve 611:Kamino 499:Ba’ban 465:Exonym 373:Esimbi 356:Bitare 275:Tivoid 214:  206:  196:Mesaka 194:  192:  184:Esimbi 182:  180:  173:  171:  164:  162:  155:  153:  146:  144:  92:Tivoid 33:Tivoid 2371:Rimba 2364:Omaio 2326:Komta 2318:Jalaa 2295:Ijoid 2288:Dogon 2244:Katla 2100:Yaure 2032:Bissa 2008:Mande 1949:Dompo 1935:Ghana 1893:Limba 1845:Ukaan 1806:Edoid 1792:Akpes 1786:Akoko 1749:Ekoid 1742:Bendi 1728:Bantu 1709:Tikar 1669:Ogoni 1581:Zande 1548:Gbaya 1541:Banda 1522:Viemo 1512:Tiefo 1238:Otank 1233:Iyive 1228:Ipulo 1223:Evant 1100:(PDF) 1082:(PDF) 1061:Notes 943:Ugarә 865:Otank 849:2,000 832:Yiive 823:Iyive 794:Iceve 763:Iceve 757:Iceve 718:Iceve 711:Iceve 675:Evant 647:Amana 641:Emane 581:Angwe 485:Abong 399:Osatu 391:Manta 321:Ipulo 299:Evant 294:Otank 290:Iyive 2387:Wawu 2333:Laal 2198:Bobo 2144:Jogo 2127:West 2105:Mano 2096:Guro 2091:Beng 2087:Gban 2082:Tura 2041:Boko 2037:Busa 1987:Mpra 1981:Mbre 1938:and 1905:Nalu 1888:Gola 1406:Fali 1302:Buru 1269:Batu 1264:Ambo 1259:Abon 1218:Eman 1213:Ceve 1208:Caka 1153:text 1017:Ambo 835:Ndir 829:Uive 800:Maci 790:Maci 753:Ceve 615:Batu 585:Batu 555:Batu 523:Batu 516:Batu 494:Abon 479:Abon 408:The 397:and 395:Balo 381:Buru 362:Ambo 351:Abon 345:Batu 327:Eman 315:Caka 304:Ceve 238:and 226:The 157:Furu 148:Buru 2114:Wan 2110:Mwa 2078:Goo 2074:Dan 1967:Kwa 1960:Kru 1954:Ega 1924:Sua 1899:Mel 1875:Bak 1840:Oko 1813:Gbe 1555:Mba 1474:Gur 1413:Kim 1400:Day 1394:Bua 1243:Tiv 900:Tiv 491:AbĂ” 488:AbĂ” 467:(s) 455:(s) 286:Tiv 244:Tiv 2432:: 1300:? 1294:? 1069:^ 393:, 360:? 311:B 282:A 2376:" 2112:– 2098:– 2089:– 2080:– 2076:– 2054:– 2039:– 1942:) 1336:e 1329:t 1322:v 1186:e 1179:t 1172:v 1141:. 1102:. 844:) 292:– 288:– 63:? 20:)

Index

Tivoid language
Nigeria
Cameroon
Linguistic classification
Niger–Congo
Atlantic–Congo
Volta-Congo
Benue–Congo
Bantoid
Southern Bantoid
Glottolog
tivo1239

Buru
Furu
Eastern Beboid
Menchum
Esimbi
Mesaka
Southern Bantoid languages
Nigeria
Cameroon
Tiv
Tiv language
Bitare language
Tiv
Iyive
Otank
Evant
Ceve

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