Tobacco politics - Knowledge (XXG)

435: 1187:(2002) was the first personal injury case outside the United States to win a verdict against a tobacco company. The plaintiff, Rolah McCabe, who was diagnosed with lung cancer, claimed British American Tobacco Australia misled her in estimating the risk for smoking cigarettes. The verdict was later overturned, although McCabe died before the court proceedings finished. This case has been influential in litigation and legislation concerning document destruction, as British American Tobacco destroyed several documents in this case. 593:. This settlement included payments to states, restrictions on advertisements, and free access to internal industry research, although some have criticised the settlement for shielding the industry from future lawsuits, granting a monopoly to the largest tobacco companies, creating "client states" dependent on settlement payments, and shifting the cost of cigarettes to individual smokers rather than companies. In addition, tobacco companies have expanded their operations abroad, arguably undermining the impact of the settlement. 126: 1181:, plaintiffs claimed tobacco companies misled them on the risks of smoking, although Courts ruled the case could not continue as representative proceedings (similar to class action lawsuits in the United States). Personal injury cases are less common in Australia, as unsuccessful plaintiffs must pay the legal fees of the defendant, less profit incentives exist for Australian lawyers, and momentum from successful tobacco litigation has not been generated. 1380:, the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry called to ban smoking in public facilities. Japan has some of the least stringent tobacco control measures in the world. The food service industry, which includes public premises like restaurants and bars, strongly opposed this measure. In 2018, the plan for a total smoking ban was revised to include certain exceptions, such as separate rooms for smokers in restaurants in exempting “small-scale” establishments. 1199:(1997), the plaintiff argued environmental smoke in a nightclub constituted unlawful discrimination based on disability, and was awarded $ AU2000 in compensation. Aside from disability discrimination, environmental smoke lawsuits have also cited common law negligence, occupational health and safety law, and occupiers’ law. The result of such litigation has been increased bans on smoking in the workplace and certain public places. 963: 871: 482:(BAT) have circumvented the EU ban by using corporate mission statements and associated branding to link their ‘potentially reduced risk’ products to Formula One (F1) and Grand Prix motorcycle (MotoGP) racing teams. In 2022, PMI and BAT spent an estimated $ 40 million sponsoring the Ferrari and McClaren teams. Advertising billboards for tobacco remain used in Germany, whilst the majority of EU member states have outlawed them. 36: 4600: 526: 4158: 4610: 94: 1271:

faces many tobacco-related health problems, with over 1.2 million tobacco-related deaths per year, the government has had a limited response. The tobacco industry provides 7 to 10 percent of tax revenue for the government, while also providing many jobs in agriculture, sales, and other businesses. In

588:

mandated time for anti-smoking advertisements equal to time allotted for smoking advertisements. In 1998, amidst growing evidence against tobacco companies, especially after the release of several industry documents, and growing public attitudes against smoking, states and tobacco companies entered a

395:

Tobacco has been taxed by state governments in the United States for decades. The cumulative revenue of US tobacco taxation exceeded $ 32 billion in 2010, establishing a major revenue stream for government. That said, revenue from US tobacco taxation peaked in 2010 at $ 17.2 billion and has steadily

1135:

adopted 2003, represents an important landmark in international tobacco control governance. It was formalized on February 27, 2005, and as of 2009, 169 states have signed the treaty. The United States is one of seven countries that have signed but not ratified the FCTC. The FCTC encourages states to

699:

Recently, there has been mixed success for plaintiffs in tobacco litigation. In Florida, a large class action lawsuit was rejected, because the court argued that each individual case must be proven. As a result, thousands of individual lawsuits were filed against tobacco companies, but many of these

1012:

Contributory negligence is a common law defense to a claim based on negligence, that before the cases, the adverse effects were unknown. This has been one of the commonly used defences. Most of them will assert that it was the plaintiff himself that has contributed to his own injury as he has prior

1407:

members have also worked within the tobacco industry. After a protest caused by cigarette shortages in 1990, transnational tobacco companies began to invest in the Russian tobacco market, particularly in production. This growth in industry has been accompanied by an increase in smoking, and Russia

1191:“mild” and provide $ 9 million for corrective advertising, in exchange for the ACCC to no longer pursue certain legal action against the companies. Afterwards, the companies started to describe cigarettes with terms such as “rich”, “classic”, “smooth”, “fine”, “ultimate”, “refined”, and “chilled”. 687:

During the second wave, plaintiffs charged tobacco companies with failure to warn about the addiction and disease risk of cigarettes and strict liability. The tobacco companies argued that people assumed the risks of smoking and that federal laws preempted state laws, which the lawsuits were filed

673:

The history of tobacco litigation in the United States can be divided into three waves: (1) from 1954 to 1973, (2) from 1983 to 1992, and (3) from 1994 until today. During the first two waves, tobacco companies had enormous success, winning all but one of their cases, with the only case they lost,

368:

wielded great influence in shaping public opinion on the health risks of tobacco. Despite the efforts of public health advocates, scientists, and those affected by smoking, both Congress and courts favored the tobacco industry in policy and litigation. It was not until the 1990s that public health

1190:

In 2005, a court-enforceable settlement between the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) and Philip Morris (Australia) Limited, British American Tobacco Limited, and Imperial Tobacco Australia Limited, was reached. The companies agreed to stop describing cigarettes as “light” and

683:

During the first wave, a growing abundance of evidence linked tobacco to death and disease. Individual smokers filed lawsuits against the tobacco industry, claiming negligence in manufacturing and advertising, breach of warranty, and product liability. However, the tobacco industry responded by

1428:

approved the “Concept of the Government Policy on Combating Tobacco Use for 2010-2015.” Although the concept set forth several goals and concrete policy suggestions, such as complete bans on all tobacco advertising, it was not legally binding. When the Ministry of Health and Social Development

618:

Deeming Authority Clarification Act of 2017, have emerged, none have passed yet. In 2006, courts ordered tobacco companies to run anti-smoking advertisements, but tobacco companies delayed this order through multiple appeals until 2017. As of 2017, tobacco companies must now run advertisements

601:

Tobacco companies continue to have a large role in politics, albeit not as extensively as during the twentieth century. In 1990, the contributions of tobacco lobbies totalled to over $ 70 million. In 2017, tobacco lobbies paid $ 21.8 million. Tobacco companies tend to donate more to Republican

695:

The third wave of tobacco litigation was much more successful for plaintiffs, with plaintiffs winning 41% of cases between 1995 and 2005. It also saw a greater number and variety of lawsuits overall. State attorneys general charged the tobacco industry of using misleading marketing, targeting

1155:

helped support the development of the FCTC, while the wave of successful tobacco litigation helped generate interest in tobacco control. However, the FCTC lacks mandates on transboundary tobacco issues. As a result, implementation of the treaty fell short, despite widespread ratification. In

557:

the appearance of scientific credibility. Other scientists who were sceptical of causasl link between smoking and cancer also joined the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of TIRC, although many amongst these scientists expressed concern over TIRC's strong denial of the link between the two.

549:", which cast doubt on studies linking smoking and cancer and called for more research. In addition, these tobacco industries formed the Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC), which challenged the science of smoking's relation to cancer. TIRC's first director was 1230:

Some magazines have not yet ended tobacco advertising within their issues, largely due to the fact that it remains unprohibited upon a legal basis, likewise with promotions as well as free public distribution, mounting concern amongst organisations as a result.

1004:, or "to a willing person, no injury is done", is a common law doctrine which states, when applied to these cases, that there is no damage to someone who willingly places themselves in a position where they are negatively affected by tobacco consumption. 923:

Claims of design defects allege that tobacco companies designed tobacco products with additional adverse health risks. Examples of design defects include cigarettes that increase addiction risks and deliberately choosing to not develop less harmful

540:

In the early-1950s, numerous studies demonstrated a causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Worried that these studies would negatively impact tobacco consumption, tobacco companies met together and hired the public relations firm

1451:

While tobacco products are not prohibited, there are some restrictions that exist on the manufacture, importation, and sale of tobacco products, including packaging and labeling requirements. The use of e-cigarettes is also legal since 2019.

1415:

recommended several tobacco control measures, but failed to provide funding for their enactment. In 1999, the Duma introduced national tobacco control legislation. However, this legislation was substantially watered down after measures like

401: 381:, which governs international tobacco control. However, many nations have had difficulty complying with the FCTC, with higher rates of smoking especially in developing nations. There are currently almost a 1.3 billion smokers globally. 1176:

In Australia, tobacco companies have faced several lawsuits, although not to the scale of litigation in the United States. In 1991, the Federal Court found advertisements denying environmental smoke to be misleading. In the 1999 case

1472:

in the Tobacco Control Scale moved from the 28th position in 2016 to the 8th in 2019. It is one of the 13 EU member states which in 2012 have approved a smoking ban in private cars in presence of minors. The remaining countries are:

1279:(CNTC), which is also the world's largest tobacco firm and makes up about 32 percent of the global market. The CNTC is described as a “de facto industrial and business agency” as it is also run by the national regulatory agency, the 569:, a trade association that acted as a lobby for tobacco industries in Congress. This lobbying was generally successful, as the tobacco industry was well-funded and Southern states relied on tobacco revenues. For example, after the 704:, alleging that tobacco companies falsely advertise light cigarettes as healthier. Tobacco companies argue that 'light' refers to the taste, not the filters, and also used preemption arguments. Although the Supreme Court ruled in 1309:

The Chinese government has implemented some tobacco control measures. Through the 1980s and 1990s, the national government and local governments implemented various bans on smoking in public places. In 2005, the PRC ratified the

1027:

were intended for smokers choosing between brands of tobacco products. Moreover, advertising has a limited effect on influencing smoking behavior. Therefore, tobacco advertisements do not play a role in driving non-smokers to

399:

The Contraband Cigarette Trafficking Act of 1978, a law which makes cigarette smuggling a felony punishable by up to 5 years in federal prison, is a means to prosecute smugglers who avoid paying duties on cigarettes. The

373:

between major tobacco companies and 46 state attorneys general. Although public opinion in the United States on tobacco use is generally unfavorable, many large tobacco companies continue to find success internationally.

1202:

Tobacco companies have also initiated litigation domestically and internationally, claiming government measures against tobacco have infringed on their commercial rights. In 2011, the Australian government introduced

1194:

Tobacco companies have not been the only defendants in tobacco litigation. In cases regarding environmental smoke, the defendants are often the owners or managers of locations where environmental smoke occurs. In

2599: 1046:

case in Scotland, arguing that the plaintiffs could not reasonably prove that the plaintiffs’ smoking caused lung cancer. In addition, tobacco companies challenge the way epidemiological evidence is collected.

927:

In response, tobacco companies have argued that they have not intentionally made cigarettes more dangerous, but instead carefully and thoughtfully design the least hazardous tobacco product for smokers.

692:

tobacco company described their strategy as, “To paraphrase General Patton, the way we won these cases was not by spending all of our money, but by making that other son of a bitch spend all his.”

619:

detailing the negative health impacts of smoking for a year. In a measure to curb use of E-cigarettes' among youth US FDA banned promoting and selling of flavored vaping products in January 2020.

1151:

became director general of the WHO, creating momentum for the FCTC. Organizations and events within the United States also played a key role in the creation and adoption of the FCTC globally. The

580:

Although tobacco companies had considerable influence throughout the twentieth century, anti-tobacco advocates also had some success. In 1967, anti-tobacco advocates successfully argued that the

446:

In numerous parts of the world, tobacco advertising and sponsorship of sporting events is prohibited. The ban upon tobacco advertising and sponsorship in the European Union (EU) in 2005 prompted

1314:(FCTC). In 2009, the government raised the tobacco consumption tax, although this did not reduce smoking, as the government required wholesale and retail prices to remain the same. In 2011, the 1555:, cigarette and tobacco displays in supermarkets were banned. As such, though sale in supermarkets is not yet entirely banned, they must at least stay hidden in closed cupboards, out of sight. 1346:

in the nineteenth century, Japan began taxing tobacco. Historically, tobacco revenue has been used to fund military endeavors. In the late nineteenth century, following the deficits from the

1076:, have filed lawsuits both in the United States and in their own courts against tobacco industries. As of 2000, individual suits have also been filed in a multitude of countries, including 3512: 688:

under. In addition, the tobacco industry poured a massive amount of money into these cases, trying to overwhelm plaintiffs with legal costs. An internal memorandum by an attorney for the

4547: 809:

jury awarded $ 10.1 billion against the tobacco company Philips Morris for deceptive cigarette advertising in a class action led by attorney Stephen Tillery (Price v. Philip Morris).

4021: 1383:

Nicotine-containing e-cigarettes are only permitted as medicinal products and no e-cigarettes have been approved. Regular cigarettes and other tobacco products are not prohibited.

1319: 935:

Under a theory of strict liability, a tobacco company is responsible for any damages or injuries resulting from the use of cigarettes even if there is no showing of negligence.

3824: 1540:, bars, walkways, and parking spaces. Smoking on public transport and domestic flights. The use of tobacco is also banned in any car carrying a person under the age of 12. 4475: 3212: 836: 780:

awarded $ 15 million in punitive damages against R.J. Reynolds Tobacco after calling the company's conduct "highly blameworthy and deserving of significant punishment." (

3987: 1369:

ruled that there was not definitive scientific evidence that passive smoking causes cancer, although the evidence they were presented was discredited outside of Japan.

46: 1709: 454:

of tobacco sponsors, and led to some of the races on the calendar being cancelled in favor of more 'tobacco-friendly' markets. As of 2007, only one Formula One team,

3238: 1573:

The law prohibits the sale of tobacco products via vending machines, the internet, educational facilities and various other places. E-cigarettes are also prohibited.

4372: 3265: 739: 2755: 731:

did not preclude suit by smokers against tobacco companies on several claims, and that the federal laws on tobacco regulation aren't worded to override state laws.

1411:

Although the Russian government has attempted to implement tobacco prevention and control programs, most of these have had limited success. In the mid-1990s, the

493:, it's branding appeared at race in Qatar and China. On July 1st, 2009, Ireland prohibited the advertsing and display of tobacco products in all retail outlets. 3924: 3912: 1275:

The tobacco industry and some bureaucratic institutions oppose anti-smoking measures. In China, the tobacco industry is heavily monopolized. The largest firm is

949:

Lawsuits against tobacco companies have asserted that tobacco companies mislead the public on the risks of smoking, environmental smoke, and nicotine addiction.

1358:, although the government still exhibits great influence over and benefits from tobacco tax revenue. In 1999, Japan Tobacco created its international branch, 1440:

proposed a cigarette ban that would apply to all born after 2014, although some have expressed concern that a ban would result in a cigarette black market.

1429:(MoHSD) proposed tobacco legislation based on the concept, the bill was suspended within two days. Although many Russian representatives helped develop the 846:

led to the US Supreme Court to tell the Oregon Court of Appeals to reconsider its earlier judgment and lower the case's punitive damages amount in light of

787:

June 2002: A Miami jury held three cigarette companies liable for $ 37.5 million in a lawsuit involving an ex–smoker who lost his tongue to tobacco–related

4537: 1644: 1430: 1311: 1240: 1132: 1120: 378: 1562: 573:

mandated health warning labels on cigarette packaging, tobacco companies successfully requested Congressional regulation in place of FTC regulation. The

765: 2481: 2297: 943:

The liability of any or all parties along the chain of manufacture, distribution and sale of any product for damage or injury caused by that product.

4258: 1460:

While tobacco products are not prohibited, there are some restrictions that exist on the sale of tobacco products and E-cigarettes are prohibited.

1060:

As of 2000, litigation also continued in several countries outside the United States. Citing third-party reimbursement, several countries, such as

3339: 3112: 3083: 2999: 3838: 3445: 574: 4470: 3981: 2972: 2331:. Behavior Change, Health, and Health Disparities 2022: Innovations in Tobacco Control and Regulatory Science to Decrease Cigarette Smoking. 1280: 125: 3160: 4094: 1980: 828: 630:

and fully funds it (to the tune of $ 80 million per year over twelve years) with the objective of endorsing new tobacco industry products.

562: 390: 2528:

Legal Consortium, Tobacco Control; Gottlieb, Mark; Banthin, Christopher N. (2007). "Light Cigarette Lawsuits in the United States: 2007".

696:

children, and concealing the health effects of smoking. These cases resulted in settlements across all fifty states in the United States.

1207:

legislation. Philip Morris Asia Limited challenged this directive under a bilateral trade agreement with Hong Kong, but did not succeed.

798:

October 2002: A Los Angeles jury issued $ 28 billion in punitive damages against Philip Morris. This was later reduced to $ 28 million. (

4570: 4522: 2267: 1607: 1251:

The Tobacco Control Act of Bhutan 2010 prohibits the cultivation, manufacture, sale, and distribution of tobacco products within Bhutan

590: 370: 1272:

addition, the government considers anti-smoking measures as potentially destabilizing, given the resentment and unrest it could cause.

577:(FCLAA) of 1965 originally required cigarette warning labels to include a warning of cancer, but this was removed from the final bill. 4527: 4030: 4011: 3996: 3958: 2612:

Jain, S. S. L. (1 April 2003). "'Come Up to the Kool Taste': African American Upward Mobility and the Semiotics of Smoking Menthols".

1761: 1161: 1152: 744: 728: 724: 434: 3023: 1424:

passed limited tobacco advertising regulations, which still allowed for small warnings on cigarette packs without graphics. In 2010,

820:

at the age of 57. This was the first time that a New York court had held a tobacco company liable for an individual smoker's death. (

4326: 4301: 1685: 710:(2008) that federal law does not preempt certain state consumer protection laws, no courts have ruled on these laws being violated. 627: 585: 329: 228: 80: 3465:"'The industry must be inconspicuous': Japan Tobacco's corruption of science and health policy via the Smoking Research Foundation" 4512: 3814: 720: 676: 603: 451: 4377: 4268: 4189: 2066: 1294:, tobacco is the largest industry, with tobacco taxes supplying one half of its local government revenue. Other provinces like 3136: 4623: 3702: 1912: 689: 2240: 1525:. In 2020, Slovenia launched a program with the purpose to become a tobacco-free society by 2040, as the last useful date. 1322:, which included a call to completely ban smoking in public places. However, many of these laws have been weakly enforced. 4450: 1597: 1315: 857:

US Supreme Court case said that state law is not preempted by a federal law regarding cigarette advertisement regulations.

843: 420:, which were previously not extended to by the law. However, although the bill passed the House, it failed in the Senate. 3558: 2456: 4465: 4399: 3973: 773: 752: 615: 405: 3530: 4455: 3932: 2502: 1437: 1412: 1359: 760: 623: 510: 475: 3668: 3184: 2362:

Smith, Stephen E. (November 2002). "'Counterblastes' to Tobacco: Five Decades of North American Tobacco Litigation".

62: 3054: 2184: 1354:, the government imposed a monopoly over tobacco production. In 1985, this monopoly was privatized into what is now 4460: 3988:

Ashes to Ashes: America's Hundred-Year Cigarette War, the Public Health, and the Unabashed Triumph of Philip Morris

2660:"Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective" 1403:, smoking is very prevalent, with tobacco industries wielding great influence in Russian politics. Several Russian 902: 706: 253: 1147:

Before 1998, the concept of an international tobacco control treaty received little enthusiasm. However, in 1998,

4575: 4427: 4288: 1635: 542: 223: 4565: 4087: 1224: 1157: 806: 570: 479: 413: 200: 2047:

Gary Lucas Jr (October 10, 2011). "Saving Smokers from Themselves: The Paternalistic Use of Cigarette Taxes".

2030:

Youths; Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths (1994).

645:

manufacturers, attempting to hold them to account for wrongful death, injury, or medical expenses related to

4502: 4497: 3679: 2786:"The role of tobacco advertising and promotion: themes employed in litigation by tobacco industry witnesses" 1347: 1204: 1007: 995: 832: 735: 701: 471: 463: 243: 3690: 4580: 4542: 4417: 4367: 4341: 1622: 1165: 847: 467: 286: 3850: 3299: 3288: 2549: 1612: 1259:

Retail sale of e-cigarettes and e-cigarette refills is prohibited. Tobacco products are not prohibited.

1148: 665:. However, the vast majority of court decisions have been in favour of the defendant tobacco companies. 581: 322: 58: 3547: 3362: 2947: 1676:

The cigarette century : the rise, fall, and deadly persistence of the product that defined America

565:

released a report confirming the causal link between smoking and cancer. Tobacco industries formed the

2324: 4618: 4585: 4389: 4230: 4137: 4067: 3513:"Japan to restrict heated tobacco use but give up on indoor smoking ban ahead of 2020 Tokyo Olympics" 3387:"Japan Tobacco International: To 'be the most successful and respected tobacco company in the world'" 2302: 1617: 1373: 1331: 854: 748:, but struck out the provisions which prevented tobacco advertising and unattributed health warnings. 611: 529: 459: 3137:"Australian cases on exposure to secondhand smoke in which compensation has been paid, 1986 to 2006" 4613: 4603: 4306: 4122: 4080: 1602: 1417: 1137: 1024: 3969:

Suing the Tobacco and Lead Pigment Industries: Government Litigation as Public Health Prescription

2708: 4422: 4311: 4117: 3761: 2629: 1703: 1630: 1582: 1351: 1216: 908: 429: 233: 140: 684:

challenging the science of smoking causing disease and claiming that smokers assumed any risks.

536:, published several studies demonstrating a causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. 4507: 4336: 4273: 4235: 4142: 4026: 4007: 3992: 3977: 3954: 3895: 3862:

Novotny, Thomas E.; Lum, Kristen; Smith, Elizabeth; Wang, Vivian; Barnes, Richard (May 2009).

3626: 3494: 3416: 2929: 2869: 2815: 2689: 2541: 2537: 2425: 2344: 2090: 2052: 2048: 1891: 1831: 1767: 1757: 1691: 1681: 1587: 1343: 938: 912: 566: 546: 514: 506: 439: 291: 188: 2136: 4644: 4409: 4362: 4331: 4321: 4215: 4184: 4127: 3885: 3875: 3751: 3616: 3606: 3484: 3476: 3406: 3398: 2919: 2911: 2859: 2851: 2805: 2797: 2679: 2671: 2621: 2529: 2415: 2407: 2336: 1881: 1873: 1821: 1813: 1592: 1366: 1283:(STMA). Some have criticized the STMA/CNTC for the overlap between government and business ( 930: 813: 654: 455: 315: 301: 296: 205: 109: 4022:

Assuming the Risk: The Mavericks, the Lawyers, and the Whistle-Blowers Who Beat Big Tobacco

3645: 2006: 4517: 4357: 4316: 4278: 4245: 3968: 2562: 2215: 1561:

The majority of tobacco advertisements were outlawed under British jurisdiction after the

1141: 1042:

evidence cannot show direct causation in individuals. This reasoning was used in the 2005

554: 486: 354: 263: 248: 238: 98: 3113:"Litigation relating to injury from exposure to second-hand smoke - Tobacco In Australia" 2160: 3864:"Cigarettes Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste" 2325:"Effect of flavored E-cigarette bans in the United States: What does the evidence show?" 4394: 4253: 4225: 4210: 3890: 3863: 3740:"The successful path of Slovenia to a smoke-free society (2040) with support from NGOs" 3621: 3594: 3489: 3480: 3464: 3411: 3386: 2924: 2899: 2864: 2839: 2810: 2785: 2684: 2659: 2420: 2395: 1886: 1861: 1826: 1801: 1558:

England met its target to reduce its adult smoking prevalence to 21% or lower by 2010.

1478: 1425: 918: 756: 409: 2396:"Epidemiology of the third wave of tobacco litigation in the United States, 1994-2005" 962: 870: 4638: 4296: 4179: 3765: 2731: 2633: 1674: 1355: 1276: 361: 163: 4062: 839:, which allowed the government to sue tobacco companies, was constitutionally valid. 525: 3819: 3217: 3213:"Australia wins international legal battle with Philip Morris over plain packaging" 3189: 3024:"Philip Morris (Australia) Ltd & Ors v. Nixon & Ors - Tobacco Control Laws" 2637: 2245: 2112: 1985: 1920: 1039: 550: 533: 369:

advocates had more success in litigating against tobacco industries, including the

3713: 3402: 17: 3778: 4433: 2340: 2031: 1533: 1362:. JTI is now the world's third largest transnational tobacco corporation (TTC). 1290:

Some regional governments also oppose tobacco control policies. For example, in

817: 788: 447: 402:

Stop Tobacco Smuggling in the Territories Act of 2013 (H.R. 338; 113th Congress)

365: 268: 4157: 4057: 2625: 1510: 1133:

World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)

751:

March 2001: The US Supreme Court affirmed the Circuit Court's ruling that the

662: 607: 379:

World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)

3340:"The Political Mapping of China's Tobacco Industry and Anti-Smoking Campaign" 2915: 2348: 1877: 1817: 1771: 474:), all in countries lacking restrictions on tobacco advertising. Since 2018 4103: 3611: 3000:"Personal injury claims against the tobacco industry - Tobacco In Australia" 1695: 1502: 1220: 1105: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 650: 646: 182: 4025:

by Michael Orey (Little, Brown and Company; 1 edition (September 7, 1999))

3899: 3630: 3498: 3420: 2933: 2873: 2855: 2819: 2801: 2693: 2675: 2429: 2411: 1942: 1895: 1835: 614:

regulation, such as the Cole-Bishop Amendment in the 2017 omnibus bill and

3991:

by Richard Kluger (Vintage; 1st Vintage Books ed edition (July 29, 1997))

3880: 3756: 3739: 649:

smoking and other tobacco use. Cases have been brought both by individual

3385:

MacKenzie, Ross; Eckhardt, Jappe; Widyati Prastyani, Ade (4 March 2017).

2576: 2533: 2507: 2272: 2113:"Stop Tobacco Smuggling in the Territories Act of 2013 (2013 - H.R. 338)" 1947: 1506: 1469: 1212: 1136:

reduce tobacco production and use through measures like cigarette taxes,

1109: 490: 408:, would have updated the Contraband Cigarette Trafficking Act to include 346: 195: 3084:"Other litigation involving the tobacco industry - Tobacco In Australia" 1802:"Inventing Conflicts of Interest: A History of Tobacco Industry Tactics" 396:

decreased every year since then with revenue in 2023 at $ 11.6 billion.

93: 4220: 4205: 4174: 3243: 1552: 1522: 1514: 1486: 1474: 1303: 1295: 1093: 1081: 1061: 816:

jury issued $ 20 million to the wife of a long-term smoker who died of

658: 642: 638: 350: 158: 117: 2709:"Strict Liability Upon Gunowners (SLUG): A Proposed Balanced Approach" 661:

for the plaintiff have often been awarded as a result of a successful

4263: 4132: 3925:"Cigarette butts are toxic plastic pollution. Should they be banned?" 3791:"Global Tobacco Control Information & Statistics I Tobacco Atlas" 2641: 2600:

Korein Tillery will retry light cigarettes case against Philip Morris

1518: 1498: 1482: 1400: 1291: 1113: 1101: 1097: 1085: 777: 545:. In 1954, tobacco companies published a joint press release called " 502: 2482:"U.S. Supreme Court sides against Big Tobacco in Florida litigation" 4052: 3913:

Cigarette butts are toxic plastic pollution. Should they be banned?

4147: 1494: 1490: 1377: 1330:

Regular cigarettes and other tobacco products are not prohibited.

1299: 1268: 1089: 524: 433: 92: 3868:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

1164:

increased their philanthropic contributions to the WHO, creating

4384: 3239:"Australia wins landmark WTO tobacco packaging case - Bloomberg" 1421: 1404: 1208: 417: 4076: 4053:

Tobacco Institute Documents-Part of Master Settlement Agreement

4047: 2784:

Goldberg, M. E; Davis, R. M; O'Keefe, A. M. (1 December 2006).

1433:(FCTC), Russia was one of the last countries to sign the FCTC. 1227:

complaint, but the WTO upheld the plain packaging law in 2017.

97:

Gift offered by tobacco industry lobbyists to Dutch politician

3595:"Tobacco control in the Russian Federation- a policy analysis" 1537: 957: 865: 850:. The appeals court ultimately upheld their original damages. 29: 4072: 2394:

Douglas, C. E; Davis, R. M; Beasley, J. K (1 December 2006).

4156: 4042: 3790: 2658:

Cummings, K M.; Brown, A.; Douglas, C. E (1 December 2006).

2298:"Big Tobacco to air anti-smoking ads after decadelong fight" 1913:"Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control" 1862:"Origins of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control" 3646:"Russia Might Ban Cigarettes for Everyone Born After 2014" 2241:"Tobacco companies tighten hold on Washington under Trump" 1860:

Roemer, Ruth; Taylor, Allyn; Lariviere, Jean (June 2005).

2503:"In the U.S., one state is ground zero for tobacco suits" 1548:

Cigarette television advertisements were banned in 1965.

700:

verdicts are now in appeal. Smokers have also challenged

602:

candidates, contributing over $ 50 million since 1990 to

450:

management to look for venues that permit display of the

1754:

The emperor of all maladies : a biography of cancer

1306:, also rely heavily on revenue from tobacco production. 27:

Politics surrounding the use and distribution of tobacco

4548:

Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products

3815:"Cigarette and tobacco displays banned in supermarkets" 1756:(1st Scribner hardcover ed.). New York: Scribner. 974: 882: 54: 2898:

Daynard, R. A; Bates, C; Francey, N (8 January 2000).

1013:

knowledge of the harm associated with tobacco smoking.

653:

and by government officials, including the U.S. State

4068:

State and Local Tax Revenue, Selected Years 1977-2006

3055:"McCabe v British American Tobacco and its aftermath" 1391:

Lidl Netherlands stopped selling cigarettes in 2021.

915:; groups have pursued civil rights remedies in court. 4558: 4488: 4443: 4408: 4350: 4287: 4244: 4198: 4167: 4110: 3593:Lunze, Karsten; Migliorini, Luigi (December 2013). 2840:"Scottish court dismisses a historic smoker's suit" 822:

Gladys Frankson vs. Brown and Williams Tobacco Corp

1673: 1123:on May 10 2004, albeit never ratified the treaty. 1018:Tobacco advertising fails to influence non-smokers 837:Tobacco Damages and Health Care Costs Recovery Act 759:, so could not control its production through the 4063:UCSF Tobacco Industry Audio Recordings Collection 3949:Fritschler, A. Lee; Rudder, Catherine E. (2006), 2756:"United States v. Philip Morris (D.O.J. Lawsuit)" 3185:"Australia plans plain packaging for cigarettes" 2323:Siegel, Michael; Katchmar, Amanda (2022-12-01). 1981:"Has a Global Tobacco Treaty Made a Difference?" 2161:"F1, Netflix and Cigarette Company Advertising" 1197:Meeuwissen v Hilton Hotels of Australia Pty Ltd 740:RJR-MacDonald Inc. v. Canada (Attorney General) 458:, received sponsorship from a tobacco company; 575:Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act 462:branding appeared on its cars in three races ( 4088: 323: 43:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 3463:Iida, Kaori; Proctor, Robert N (July 2018). 3446:"The poverty of politics and tobacco policy" 1708:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1408:has the highest rates of smoking in Europe. 742:upheld the constitutionality of the federal 414:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 4538:WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 3161:"Legal cases initiated by tobacco industry" 1645:WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 1168:, which focuses on implementation of FCTC. 1127:WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 766:FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. 553:, whose background in genetic science gave 4440: 4095: 4081: 4073: 3703:"The 2019 Tobacco Control Scale in Europe" 2973:"Parties (ratifications & accessions)" 2838:Friedman, L; Daynard, R (1 October 2007). 1563:Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002 610:. Although multiple proposals for relaxed 330: 316: 104: 3889: 3879: 3755: 3620: 3610: 3488: 3410: 2923: 2863: 2809: 2683: 2419: 2364:Windsor Review of Legal and Social Issues 1885: 1825: 501:Major tobacco lobbying companies include 81:Learn how and when to remove this message 4259:Cigarette smoking among college students 1374:2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games 349:surrounding the use and distribution of 4058:UCSF Tobacco Industry Videos Collection 3588: 3586: 3559:Lidl Nederland stops selling cigarettes 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2268:"Big Tobacco In 2017: Full Steam Ahead" 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1655: 1431:Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 1312:Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 1051:Litigation outside of the United States 1023:In 2006, tobacco companies argued that 946:Depriving of health hazards information 782:David Burton vs. R.J. Reynold's Tobacco 586:Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 377:As of 2018, 169 states have signed the 116: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 2653: 2651: 2558: 2547: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2291: 2289: 2093:. United States Congress. 7 March 2013 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1907: 1905: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1701: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1179:Nixon v. Philip Morris (Australia) Ltd 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 2994: 2992: 2948:"Legislation by Country/Jurisdiction" 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2033:TOBACCO TAXATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1281:State Tobacco Monopoly Administration 7: 4609: 3669:E-cigarette ban lifted in Seychelles 2067:"Tax revenue from tobacco U.S. 2028" 1038:Tobacco companies have claimed that 829:Imperial Tobacco v. British Columbia 641:have been forwarded against varying 391:Cigarette taxes in the United States 4523:Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement 2185:"Germany: Tobacco Control Policies" 1943:"Smokers edge close to one billion" 1608:Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement 1144:and tobacco smuggling legislation. 4528:Tobacco packaging warning messages 4004:The Cigarette: A Political History 3744:Tobacco Prevention & Cessation 3481:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053971 1979:Fidler, Thomas Bollyky and David. 1277:China National Tobacco Corporation 1153:American Public Health Association 1044:McTear v. Imperial Tobacco Limited 1033:Epidemiology cannot show causation 364:, from the 1950s until the 1990s, 25: 4302:Cigarette smoking for weight loss 3972:by Donald G. Gifford. Ann Arbor, 3712:. pp. 12, 17. Archived from 2736:LII / Legal Information Institute 1866:American Journal of Public Health 1806:American Journal of Public Health 1800:Brandt, Allan M. (January 2012). 1360:Japan Tobacco International (JTI) 1185:McCabe v British American Tobacco 1162:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 628:Foundation for a Smoke-Free World 4608: 4599: 4598: 4576:Countries by tobacco consumption 4513:Smoking bans in private vehicles 3827:from the original on 2022-10-11. 3680:Tobacco Control Laws: Seychelles 3531:"Smoking ban plan diluted again" 2602:, Market Watch, October 25, 2011 2480:Nohlgren, Stephen (2014-06-09). 2266:Blog, OpenSecrets (2017-05-03). 2036:. National Academies Press (US). 1372:In 2017, in preparation for the 1156:response, organizations such as 961: 907:Tobacco companies have marketed 869: 721:Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. 371:1998 Master Settlement Agreement 124: 34: 4269:Smoking in association football 3931:. 9 August 2019. Archived from 3738:Lovse, Miha (22 October 2020). 3691:Tobacco Control Laws: Singapore 2296:Hellmann, Jessie (2017-11-21). 1752:Siddhartha., Mukherjee (2010). 800:Betty Bullock vs. Philip Morris 3193:. Associated Press. 2011-07-06 2900:"Tobacco litigation worldwide" 2239:Glenza, Jessica (2017-07-13). 571:Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 1: 3851:Tobacco Control Laws: Uruguay 3403:10.1080/17441692.2016.1273368 3165:www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au 3141:www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au 3117:www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au 3088:www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au 3059:www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au 3004:www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au 2707:Louis, David (1 April 2020). 2501:Berr, Jonathan (2015-09-21). 844:Philip Morris USA v. Williams 755:could not class tobacco as a 4400:Nicotine replacement therapy 4006:, Harvard University Press, 3974:University of Michigan Press 3841:, 2010. Accessed 2011-10-04. 3779:Tobacco Control Laws website 3300:Tobacco Control Laws: Brazil 3211:Hurst, Daniel (2015-12-18). 2577:"Altria Group, Inc. v. Good" 2457:"Tobacco Control Litigation" 1418:limitations on advertisement 753:Food and Drug Administration 745:Tobacco Products Control Act 406:113th United States Congress 4571:Cigarette smoke carcinogens 3644:Close, Kerry (2017-01-11). 3548:Tobacco Control Laws: Japan 3363:Tobacco Control Laws: India 3289:Tobacco Control Laws Bhutan 2341:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107063 1534:Smoking in public is banned 1420:were removed. In 2006, the 1350:and in preparation for the 1241:WHO anti-tobacco convention 1138:restrictions on advertising 761:Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 624:Philip Morris International 591:Master Settlement Agreement 511:Philip Morris International 476:Philip Morris International 218:Personal and social effects 57:, discuss the issue on the 4661: 3270:www.tobaccocontrollaws.org 3028:www.tobaccocontrollaws.org 2952:www.tobaccocontrollaws.org 2189:www.tobaccocontrollaws.org 1941:Roberts, Michelle (2014). 1672:M., Brandt, Allan (2007). 1598:E-cigarette deposit-system 1413:Federal Ministry of Health 1316:National People's Congress 1239:Austria subscribed to the 835:found that the provincial 707:Altria Group, Inc. v. Good 489:received sponsorship from 427: 388: 4594: 4503:Plain cigarette packaging 4327:Schizophrenia and smoking 4154: 3953:(6th ed.), Pearson, 2626:10.1215/08992363-15-2-295 2091:"H.R. 338 - Congress.gov" 1917:World Health Organization 1680:. New York: Basic Books. 729:Surgeon General's warning 608:Vice President Mike Pence 229:Prevalence of consumption 4518:Tobacco control movement 3338:Li, Cheng (2012-10-25). 2916:10.1136/bmj.320.7227.111 2760:Public Health Law Center 2730:LII Staff (2007-08-06). 2461:Public Health Law Center 2137:"Motorsport Sponsorship" 1878:10.2105/AJPH.2003.025908 1818:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300292 1225:World Trade Organization 1158:Bloomberg Philanthropies 807:Madison County, Illinois 793:Lukacs vs. Philip Morris 480:British American Tobacco 4428:Disinformation playbook 3612:10.1186/1471-2458-13-64 1008:Contributory negligence 1002:Volenti non fit injuria 996:Volenti non fit injuria 833:Supreme Court of Canada 736:Supreme Court of Canada 505:(the parent company of 438:1948 advertisement for 244:Tobacco and other drugs 4418:Cultivation of tobacco 4368:Heated tobacco product 4342:Tobacco harm reduction 4161: 2856:10.1136/tc.2007.020768 2802:10.1136/tc.2006.017947 2796:(suppl_4): iv54–iv67. 2713:St. Mary's Law Journal 2676:10.1136/tc.2004.009837 2670:(suppl_4): iv84–iv89. 2557:Cite journal requires 2412:10.1136/tc.2006.016725 1641:based on the 2010 book 1623:Tobacco MSA (New York) 1166:MPOWER tobacco control 1140:, clean air controls, 1025:tobacco advertisements 848:State Farm v. Campbell 537: 443: 404:, proposed during the 102: 4624:Electronic cigarettes 4160: 4002:Milov, Sarah (2021), 3881:10.3390/ijerph6051691 3710:Tobacco Control Scale 2406:(suppl_4): iv9–iv16. 1613:Tobacco MSA (Alabama) 1243:on December 14 2005. 1149:Gro Harlem Brundtland 528: 437: 424:Cigarette advertising 96: 4390:Electronic cigarette 3951:Smoking and Politics 3839:"A Smokefree Future" 3719:on February 28, 2020 3391:Global Public Health 2732:"Products liability" 2534:10.2139/ssrn.1082919 1618:Tobacco MSA (Hawaii) 1593:Cigarette filter ban 1426:Prime Minister Putin 855:Altria Group v. Good 677:Cipollone v. Liggett 612:electronic cigarette 551:Clarence Cook Little 63:create a new article 55:improve this article 45:may not represent a 4498:Cigarette smuggling 4423:Tobacco advertising 4307:Nicotine dependence 4048:Smoking Lobby Group 3935:on August 10, 2019. 3757:10.18332/tpc/128280 3537:. 10 February 2018. 2329:Preventive Medicine 1923:on January 13, 2009 1603:Operation Berkshire 1320:12th Five-Year Plan 606:, including former 543:Hill & Knowlton 4312:Nicotine poisoning 4162: 3519:. 30 January 2018. 1638:Merchants of Doubt 1631:Merchants of Doubt 1583:Nicotine marketing 1438:Ministry of Health 1356:Japan Tobacco (JT) 1352:Russo-Japanese War 1217:Dominican Republic 1119:The US signed the 973:. You can help by 909:menthol cigarettes 881:. You can help by 680:, being reversed. 538: 444: 430:Nicotine marketing 366:tobacco industries 141:History of tobacco 103: 18:Tobacco litigation 4632: 4631: 4508:Legal smoking age 4484: 4483: 4337:Smoking cessation 4274:Smoking fetishism 3982:978-0-472-11714-7 3599:BMC Public Health 2910:(7227): 111–113. 2638:Project MUSE 1588:A Frank Statement 1565:was implemented. 1348:Sino-Japanese War 1344:Meiji Restoration 1318:(NPC) passed the 991: 990: 939:Product liability 913:African Americans 899: 898: 862:Grounds of claims 714:Significant cases 582:fairness doctrine 567:Tobacco Institute 547:A Frank Statement 515:Reynolds American 507:Philip Morris USA 340: 339: 189:Nicotiana tabacum 91: 90: 83: 65:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 4652: 4612: 4611: 4602: 4601: 4566:Cigarette brands 4533:Tobacco politics 4441: 4410:Tobacco industry 4363:Herbal cigarette 4351:Related products 4332:Sidestream smoke 4322:Third-hand smoke 4097: 4090: 4083: 4074: 4017: 3964: 3937: 3936: 3921: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3893: 3883: 3874:(5): 1691–1705. 3859: 3853: 3848: 3842: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3787: 3781: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3759: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3718: 3707: 3699: 3693: 3688: 3682: 3677: 3671: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3656: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3624: 3614: 3590: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3492: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3452:. 23 April 2017. 3442: 3425: 3424: 3414: 3382: 3365: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3335: 3302: 3297: 3291: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3252: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3109: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3080: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3051: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 2996: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2927: 2895: 2878: 2877: 2867: 2835: 2824: 2823: 2813: 2781: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2766: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2742: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2687: 2655: 2646: 2645: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2545: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2488: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2467: 2453: 2434: 2433: 2423: 2391: 2372: 2371: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2293: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2280: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2226: 2212: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2171: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2147: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2017: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1994: 1993: 1976: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1928: 1919:. Archived from 1909: 1900: 1899: 1889: 1857: 1840: 1839: 1829: 1797: 1776: 1775: 1749: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1699: 1679: 1669: 1536:. This includes 1367:Tokyo High Court 1334:are prohibited. 986: 983: 965: 958: 931:Strict liability 894: 891: 873: 866: 725:US Supreme Court 702:light cigarettes 655:Attorney General 530:A. Bradford Hill 456:Scuderia Ferrari 353:, likewise with 343:Tobacco politics 332: 325: 318: 201:Tobacco diseases 128: 105: 86: 79: 75: 72: 66: 38: 37: 30: 21: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4590: 4554: 4490: 4480: 4439: 4404: 4358:Candy cigarette 4346: 4317:Passive smoking 4283: 4279:Tobacco smoking 4240: 4236:Vending machine 4194: 4163: 4152: 4106: 4101: 4039: 4014: 4001: 3961: 3948: 3945: 3943:Further reading 3940: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3911: 3907: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3845: 3836: 3832: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3799: 3797: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3773: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3663: 3654: 3652: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3592: 3591: 3564: 3557: 3553: 3546: 3542: 3535:The Japan Times 3529: 3528: 3524: 3517:The Japan Times 3511: 3510: 3506: 3469:Tobacco Control 3462: 3461: 3457: 3450:The Japan Times 3444: 3443: 3428: 3384: 3383: 3368: 3361: 3357: 3348: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3305: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3283: 3274: 3272: 3266:"Jurisdictions" 3264: 3263: 3259: 3250: 3248: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3223: 3221: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3196: 3194: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3145: 3143: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3121: 3119: 3111: 3110: 3101: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3061: 3053: 3052: 3041: 3032: 3030: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3008: 3006: 2998: 2997: 2990: 2981: 2979: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2956: 2954: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2897: 2896: 2881: 2844:Tobacco Control 2837: 2836: 2827: 2790:Tobacco Control 2783: 2782: 2773: 2764: 2762: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2740: 2738: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2664:Tobacco Control 2657: 2656: 2649: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2585: 2583: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2556: 2546: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2513: 2511: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2486: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2465: 2463: 2455: 2454: 2437: 2400:Tobacco Control 2393: 2392: 2375: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2308: 2306: 2295: 2294: 2287: 2278: 2276: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2251: 2249: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2224: 2222: 2214: 2213: 2202: 2193: 2191: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2169: 2167: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2145: 2143: 2141:Tobacco Tactics 2135: 2134: 2130: 2121: 2119: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2096: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2075: 2073: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2015: 2013: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1991: 1989: 1978: 1977: 1962: 1953: 1951: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1926: 1924: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1859: 1858: 1843: 1799: 1798: 1779: 1764: 1751: 1750: 1717: 1700: 1688: 1671: 1670: 1657: 1653: 1579: 1571: 1551:As of 2012, in 1546: 1531: 1468:The ranking of 1466: 1458: 1449: 1443: 1397: 1389: 1340: 1328: 1292:Yunnan Province 1265: 1257: 1249: 1237: 1205:plain packaging 1174: 1142:plain packaging 1129: 1058: 1053: 1040:epidemiological 987: 981: 978: 971:needs expansion 956: 895: 889: 886: 879:needs expansion 864: 716: 671: 636: 626:stablished the 599: 563:Surgeon General 523: 499: 487:Ducati Marlboro 432: 426: 393: 387: 336: 307: 306: 282: 274: 273: 254:Religious views 219: 211: 210: 177: 169: 168: 154: 146: 145: 136: 99:Kartika Liotard 87: 76: 70: 67: 52: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4658: 4656: 4648: 4647: 4637: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4606: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4581:Rolling papers 4578: 4573: 4568: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4445: 4438: 4437: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4414: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4402: 4397: 4395:Nicotine pouch 4392: 4387: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4375: 4365: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4293: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4254:Cigarette card 4250: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4043:No-Smoking.org 4038: 4037:External links 4035: 4034: 4033: 4031:978-0316664899 4018: 4013:978-0674260313 4012: 3999: 3997:978-0375700361 3984: 3965: 3960:978-0131791046 3959: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3916: 3905: 3854: 3843: 3837:HM Government 3830: 3823:. 2012-04-05. 3806: 3782: 3771: 3750:(Supplement). 3730: 3694: 3683: 3672: 3661: 3636: 3562: 3551: 3540: 3522: 3504: 3475:(e1): e3–e11. 3455: 3426: 3397:(3): 281–299. 3366: 3355: 3303: 3292: 3281: 3257: 3230: 3203: 3176: 3152: 3128: 3099: 3070: 3039: 3015: 2988: 2963: 2939: 2879: 2825: 2771: 2747: 2722: 2699: 2647: 2620:(2): 295–322. 2614:Public Culture 2604: 2592: 2568: 2559:|journal= 2520: 2493: 2472: 2435: 2373: 2354: 2315: 2285: 2258: 2231: 2200: 2176: 2152: 2128: 2104: 2082: 2058: 2039: 2022: 1998: 1960: 1933: 1901: 1872:(6): 936–938. 1841: 1777: 1763:978-1439181713 1762: 1715: 1686: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1545: 1542: 1530: 1527: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1396: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1339: 1336: 1327: 1324: 1285:zhengqi bu fen 1264: 1261: 1256: 1253: 1248: 1245: 1236: 1233: 1173: 1170: 1128: 1125: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1030: 1029: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1005: 999: 989: 988: 968: 966: 955: 952: 951: 950: 947: 944: 941: 936: 933: 928: 925: 921: 919:Design defects 916: 905: 897: 896: 876: 874: 863: 860: 859: 858: 851: 840: 825: 810: 803: 796: 785: 774:District Court 770: 757:pharmaceutical 749: 732: 727:held that the 715: 712: 670: 667: 635: 632: 598: 595: 522: 519: 498: 495: 425: 422: 410:American Samoa 386: 383: 345:refers to the 338: 337: 335: 334: 327: 320: 312: 309: 308: 305: 304: 299: 294: 289: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 272: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 224:Health effects 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 209: 208: 203: 198: 193: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 161: 155: 152: 151: 148: 147: 144: 143: 137: 134: 133: 130: 129: 121: 120: 114: 113: 89: 88: 49:of the subject 47:worldwide view 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4657: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4607: 4605: 4597: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4487: 4477: 4476:United States 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4297:Chain smoking 4295: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4289:Health issues 4286: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4180:Rolling paper 4178: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4093: 4091: 4086: 4084: 4079: 4078: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3909: 3906: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3796: 3795:Tobacco Atlas 3792: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3775: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3734: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3662: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3364: 3359: 3356: 3345: 3341: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3285: 3282: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3258: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3207: 3204: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3060: 3056: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3016: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2978: 2974: 2971:Tune, Trina. 2967: 2964: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2719:(2): 479–516. 2718: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2593: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2569: 2564: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2524: 2521: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2497: 2494: 2483: 2476: 2473: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2319: 2316: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2262: 2259: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2235: 2232: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2142: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2118: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2072: 2068: 2062: 2059: 2054: 2050: 2043: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2026: 2023: 2012: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1937: 1934: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1705: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1687:9780465070473 1683: 1678: 1677: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1463: 1461: 1455: 1453: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436:In 2017, the 1434: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1394: 1392: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1365:In 2014, the 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1270: 1262: 1260: 1254: 1252: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1223:also filed a 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1192: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 998: 997: 993: 992: 985: 982:December 2008 976: 972: 969:This section 967: 964: 960: 959: 953: 948: 945: 942: 940: 937: 934: 932: 929: 926: 922: 920: 917: 914: 910: 906: 904: 901: 900: 893: 890:December 2008 884: 880: 877:This section 875: 872: 868: 867: 861: 856: 852: 849: 845: 841: 838: 834: 830: 826: 823: 819: 815: 811: 808: 804: 801: 797: 794: 790: 786: 783: 779: 775: 772:June 2002: A 771: 768: 767: 762: 758: 754: 750: 747: 746: 741: 737: 733: 730: 726: 722: 718: 717: 713: 711: 709: 708: 703: 697: 693: 691: 685: 681: 679: 678: 668: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 633: 631: 629: 625: 620: 617: 613: 609: 605: 596: 594: 592: 587: 583: 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 561:In 1964, the 559: 556: 552: 548: 544: 535: 531: 527: 520: 518: 516: 512: 508: 504: 496: 494: 492: 488: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 441: 436: 431: 423: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 397: 392: 384: 382: 380: 375: 372: 367: 363: 362:United States 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 333: 328: 326: 321: 319: 314: 313: 311: 310: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 278: 277: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 221: 215: 214: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 191: 190: 185: 184: 180: 179: 173: 172: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 150: 149: 142: 139: 138: 132: 131: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 111: 107: 106: 100: 95: 85: 82: 74: 71:February 2015 64: 60: 56: 50: 48: 41: 32: 31: 19: 4586:Smoking bans 4532: 4020: 4003: 3986: 3967: 3950: 3933:the original 3928: 3919: 3908: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3846: 3833: 3820:The Guardian 3818: 3809: 3798:. Retrieved 3794: 3785: 3774: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3721:. Retrieved 3714:the original 3709: 3697: 3686: 3675: 3664: 3653:. Retrieved 3649: 3639: 3602: 3598: 3554: 3543: 3534: 3525: 3516: 3507: 3472: 3468: 3458: 3449: 3394: 3390: 3358: 3347:. Retrieved 3343: 3295: 3284: 3273:. Retrieved 3269: 3260: 3249:. Retrieved 3247:. 2017-05-05 3242: 3233: 3222:. Retrieved 3218:The Guardian 3216: 3206: 3195:. Retrieved 3190:The Guardian 3188: 3179: 3168:. Retrieved 3164: 3155: 3144:. Retrieved 3140: 3131: 3120:. Retrieved 3116: 3091:. Retrieved 3087: 3062:. Retrieved 3058: 3031:. Retrieved 3027: 3018: 3007:. Retrieved 3003: 2980:. Retrieved 2977:www.fctc.org 2976: 2966: 2955:. Retrieved 2951: 2942: 2907: 2903: 2847: 2843: 2793: 2789: 2763:. Retrieved 2759: 2750: 2739:. Retrieved 2735: 2725: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2667: 2663: 2617: 2613: 2607: 2595: 2584:. Retrieved 2580: 2571: 2550:cite journal 2523: 2512:. Retrieved 2506: 2496: 2485:. Retrieved 2475: 2464:. Retrieved 2460: 2403: 2399: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2307:. Retrieved 2301: 2277:. Retrieved 2271: 2261: 2250:. Retrieved 2246:The Guardian 2244: 2234: 2223:. Retrieved 2219: 2192:. Retrieved 2188: 2179: 2168:. Retrieved 2164: 2155: 2144:. Retrieved 2140: 2131: 2120:. Retrieved 2116: 2107: 2095:. Retrieved 2085: 2074:. Retrieved 2070: 2061: 2042: 2032: 2025: 2014:. Retrieved 2010: 2001: 1990:. Retrieved 1986:The Atlantic 1984: 1952:. Retrieved 1946: 1936: 1925:. Retrieved 1921:the original 1916: 1869: 1865: 1812:(1): 63–71. 1809: 1805: 1753: 1675: 1637: 1629: 1572: 1560: 1557: 1550: 1547: 1532: 1529:South Africa 1467: 1459: 1450: 1442: 1435: 1410: 1398: 1390: 1382: 1371: 1364: 1341: 1332:E-cigarettes 1329: 1308: 1289: 1284: 1274: 1266: 1258: 1250: 1238: 1229: 1201: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1146: 1130: 1118: 1059: 1056:Introduction 1043: 1032: 1031: 1017: 1016: 1001: 994: 979: 975:adding to it 970: 911:specific to 903:Civil Rights 887: 883:adding to it 878: 821: 799: 792: 781: 764: 743: 705: 698: 694: 686: 682: 675: 672: 637: 621: 600: 597:21st century 579: 560: 539: 534:Richard Doll 532:, alongside 521:20th century 503:Altria Group 500: 485:MotoGP team 484: 445: 398: 394: 376: 359: 342: 341: 287:Cultivation 258: 187: 181: 77: 68: 44: 4491:and the law 4471:Philippines 4434:Big Tobacco 4373:Composition 4231:Receptacles 4199:Peripherals 3929:Environment 2220:OpenSecrets 2117:GovTrack.us 2011:www.who.int 1387:Netherlands 924:cigarettes. 818:lung cancer 789:oral cancer 690:RJ Reynolds 657:. Punitive 604:Republicans 448:Formula One 355:regulations 269:Tobacconist 4489:Government 4444:By country 4168:Components 4104:Cigarettes 3800:2023-11-13 3655:2018-03-10 3349:2018-03-10 3275:2024-08-23 3251:2018-03-01 3224:2018-03-01 3197:2018-03-01 3170:2018-03-01 3146:2018-03-01 3122:2018-03-01 3093:2018-03-01 3064:2018-03-01 3033:2018-03-01 3009:2018-03-01 2982:2018-04-06 2957:2024-08-27 2765:2018-03-01 2741:2018-04-21 2586:2018-03-10 2514:2018-03-10 2487:2018-03-10 2466:2018-03-10 2335:: 107063. 2309:2018-04-18 2279:2018-04-11 2252:2018-04-11 2225:2018-04-17 2194:2024-08-20 2170:2024-08-20 2146:2024-08-20 2122:2018-03-10 2076:2024-08-20 2016:2024-08-20 1992:2018-04-06 1954:2018-04-18 1927:2018-04-06 1651:References 1636:2014 film 1511:Luxembourg 1447:Seychelles 1376:hosted in 1342:After the 853:2008: The 734:1995: The 663:litigation 651:plaintiffs 634:Litigation 478:(PMI) and 442:cigarettes 428:See also: 389:See also: 281:Production 4451:Argentina 4190:Additives 4123:Fire-safe 3766:226351143 3723:March 29, 3605:(1): 64. 3344:Brookings 2850:(5): e4. 2634:143833038 2349:0091-7435 2216:"Tobacco" 2007:"Tobacco" 1772:464593321 1704:cite book 1503:Lithuania 1456:Singapore 1267:Although 1221:Indonesia 1172:Australia 1106:Sri Lanka 1078:Argentina 1074:Venezuela 1070:Nicaragua 1066:Guatemala 827:2005: In 719:1992: In 647:cigarette 622:In 2017, 234:Marketing 183:Nicotiana 153:Chemistry 59:talk page 4639:Category 4604:Category 4466:Pakistan 4128:Flavored 3976:, 2010. 3900:19543415 3825:Archived 3631:23339756 3499:29437992 3421:28139966 2934:10625272 2874:17897973 2820:17130625 2694:17130628 2508:CBS News 2430:17130629 2303:The Hill 2273:HuffPost 2097:11 April 2071:Statista 1948:BBC News 1896:15914812 1836:22095331 1696:71275531 1577:See also 1507:Slovenia 1470:Slovenia 1464:Slovenia 1213:Honduras 1160:and the 1110:Thailand 954:Defenses 814:New York 812:2004: A 805:2003: A 639:Lawsuits 491:Marlboro 460:Marlboro 385:Taxation 347:politics 302:Products 297:Industry 259:Politics 196:Nicotine 110:a series 108:Part of 101:in 2013. 53:You may 4645:Tobacco 4619:Smoking 4614:Commons 4246:Culture 4221:Lighter 4206:Ashtray 4175:Tobacco 4143:Menthol 4118:Fashion 3891:2697937 3622:3732080 3490:6073917 3412:5553429 3244:Reuters 2925:1117367 2865:2598549 2811:2563582 2685:2563578 2542:1082919 2421:2563581 2370:: 1–32. 2053:1942068 1887:1449287 1827:3490543 1569:Uruguay 1553:England 1523:Belgium 1515:Austria 1487:Finland 1475:Ireland 1304:Sichuan 1296:Guizhou 1235:Austria 1094:Ireland 1082:Finland 1062:Bolivia 669:History 659:damages 643:tobacco 584:of the 464:Bahrain 360:In the 351:tobacco 264:Smoking 249:Control 176:Biology 159:Tobacco 135:History 118:Tobacco 4543:MPOWER 4461:Malawi 4264:Loosie 4216:Holder 4185:Filter 4138:Lights 4133:Kretek 4029: 4010: 3995: 3980: 3957: 3898: 3888: 3764: 3629: 3619: 3497: 3487: 3419: 3409: 2932: 2922: 2872: 2862: 2818: 2808: 2692: 2682: 2640: 2632: 2540: 2428: 2418: 2347: 2051: 1894: 1884: 1834: 1824: 1770: 1760: 1694: 1684: 1519:Greece 1499:Cyprus 1483:France 1401:Russia 1395:Russia 1302:, and 1255:Brazil 1247:Bhutan 1215:, the 1114:Turkey 1112:, and 1102:Norway 1098:Israel 1086:France 1072:, and 1028:smoke. 842:2007: 778:Kansas 513:, and 470:, and 468:Monaco 452:livery 416:, and 412:, the 292:Curing 4559:Lists 4456:Egypt 4148:Beedi 4111:Types 3762:S2CID 3717:(PDF) 3706:(PDF) 2642:42968 2630:S2CID 1495:Malta 1491:Italy 1378:Tokyo 1338:Japan 1326:India 1300:Henan 1269:China 1263:China 1090:Japan 497:Lobby 472:China 440:Camel 206:Types 164:Smoke 61:, or 4385:Snus 4378:List 4226:Pack 4211:Case 4027:ISBN 4008:ISBN 3993:ISBN 3978:ISBN 3955:ISBN 3896:PMID 3725:2021 3650:Time 3627:PMID 3495:PMID 3417:PMID 2930:PMID 2870:PMID 2816:PMID 2690:PMID 2581:Oyez 2563:help 2538:SSRN 2426:PMID 2345:ISSN 2165:STOP 2099:2013 2049:SSRN 1892:PMID 1832:PMID 1768:OCLC 1758:ISBN 1710:link 1692:OCLC 1682:ISBN 1634:and 1538:pubs 1521:and 1422:Duma 1405:Duma 1219:and 1209:Cuba 1131:The 1121:FCTC 831:the 723:the 555:TIRC 418:Guam 3886:PMC 3876:doi 3752:doi 3617:PMC 3607:doi 3485:PMC 3477:doi 3407:PMC 3399:doi 2920:PMC 2912:doi 2908:320 2904:BMJ 2860:PMC 2852:doi 2806:PMC 2798:doi 2680:PMC 2672:doi 2622:doi 2530:doi 2416:PMC 2408:doi 2337:doi 2333:165 1882:PMC 1874:doi 1822:PMC 1814:doi 1810:102 1399:In 1287:). 977:. 885:. 791:. ( 776:in 763:. ( 738:in 616:FDA 509:), 239:Art 4641:: 3927:. 3894:. 3884:. 3870:. 3866:. 3817:. 3793:. 3760:. 3746:. 3742:. 3708:. 3648:. 3625:. 3615:. 3603:13 3601:. 3597:. 3565:^ 3533:. 3515:. 3493:. 3483:. 3473:27 3471:. 3467:. 3448:. 3429:^ 3415:. 3405:. 3395:12 3393:. 3389:. 3369:^ 3342:. 3306:^ 3268:. 3241:. 3215:. 3187:. 3163:. 3139:. 3115:. 3102:^ 3086:. 3073:^ 3057:. 3042:^ 3026:. 3002:. 2991:^ 2975:. 2950:. 2928:. 2918:. 2906:. 2902:. 2882:^ 2868:. 2858:. 2848:16 2846:. 2842:. 2828:^ 2814:. 2804:. 2794:15 2792:. 2788:. 2774:^ 2758:. 2734:. 2717:51 2715:. 2711:. 2688:. 2678:. 2668:15 2666:. 2662:. 2650:^ 2636:. 2628:. 2618:15 2616:. 2579:. 2554:: 2552:}} 2548:{{ 2536:. 2505:. 2459:. 2438:^ 2424:. 2414:. 2404:15 2402:. 2398:. 2376:^ 2368:14 2366:. 2343:. 2327:. 2300:. 2288:^ 2270:. 2243:. 2218:. 2203:^ 2187:. 2163:. 2139:. 2115:. 2069:. 2009:. 1983:. 1963:^ 1945:. 1915:. 1904:^ 1890:. 1880:. 1870:95 1868:. 1864:. 1844:^ 1830:. 1820:. 1808:. 1804:. 1780:^ 1766:. 1718:^ 1706:}} 1702:{{ 1690:. 1658:^ 1544:UK 1517:, 1513:, 1509:, 1505:, 1501:, 1497:, 1493:, 1489:, 1485:, 1481:, 1479:UK 1477:, 1298:, 1211:, 1116:. 1108:, 1104:, 1100:, 1096:, 1092:, 1088:, 1084:, 1080:, 1068:, 1064:, 517:. 466:, 357:. 112:on 4436:" 4432:" 4096:e 4089:t 4082:v 4016:. 3963:. 3902:. 3878:: 3872:6 3803:. 3768:. 3754:: 3748:6 3727:. 3658:. 3633:. 3609:: 3501:. 3479:: 3423:. 3401:: 3352:. 3278:. 3254:. 3227:. 3200:. 3173:. 3149:. 3125:. 3096:. 3067:. 3036:. 3012:. 2985:. 2960:. 2936:. 2914:: 2876:. 2854:: 2822:. 2800:: 2768:. 2744:. 2696:. 2674:: 2644:. 2624:: 2589:. 2565:) 2561:( 2544:. 2532:: 2517:. 2490:. 2469:. 2432:. 2410:: 2351:. 2339:: 2312:. 2282:. 2255:. 2228:. 2197:. 2173:. 2149:. 2125:. 2101:. 2079:. 2055:. 2019:. 1995:. 1957:. 1930:. 1898:. 1876:: 1838:. 1816:: 1774:. 1712:) 1698:. 984:) 980:( 892:) 888:( 824:) 802:) 795:) 784:) 769:) 331:e 324:t 317:v 192:) 186:( 84:) 78:( 73:) 69:( 51:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index