719:, or from a left forward outside-left back inside three turn followed by a change of foot. After completing the three turn, the skater reaches their free leg behind them and slightly outside the direction they are traveling, much like a pole-vaulter. Then they place the left toepick in the ice with the opposite foot they will use to make the landing, and jump while pulling the right leg back and around the left and reaching forward and around with the right arm and shoulder, thus achieving the rotation. They draw their arms into the body for the desired number of rotations. They should face forward, with their free leg approximately parallel to their take-off foot and with their arms as close to their body as possible, which results in keeping their arms and legs close to their bodies and remain in tight rotating positions at the moment of take-off, helping them attain faster rotational velocities in the air.
727:
ice, or without stepping out of the landing onto the other foot. They also found that "the most significant aspect" for completing toe loop jumps was the ability to increase rotational velocity while in the air. King also found that skaters who performed quadruple toe loops began to rotate their shoulders earlier than in triples, so that by the time they completed their toe-pick, their hips and shoulders were more aligned about their longitudinal axes. As a result, their hips and shoulders turned more uniformly during the propulsion phase of the jump. Vertical take-off velocity, however, was higher for both quadruple and triple toe loops, resulting in "higher jumps and more time in the air to complete the extra revolution for the quadruple toe-loop".
707:
because a skater can turn their body toward the assisting foot at takeoff, which slightly reduces the rotation needed in the air. It is often added to more difficult jumps during combinations and is the most common second jump performed in combinations. It is also the most commonly attempted jump, as well as "the most commonly cheated on take off jump", or a jump in which the first rotation starts on the ice rather than in the air. Adding a toe loop to combination jumps does not increase the difficulty of skaters' short or free skating programs.
680:
102:. The toe loop is accomplished with a forward approach on the inside edge of the blade; the skater then switches to a backward-facing position before their takeoff, which is accomplished from the skater's right back outside edge and left toepick. The jump is exited from the back outside edge of the same foot. It is often added to more difficult jumps during combinations and is the most common second jump performed in combinations. It is also the most commonly attempted jump.
341:
300:
221:
641:
180:
2169:
512:
464:
423:
379:
259:
1064:
600:
556:
2179:
711:
jump's maximum height; and the landing, or the moment the skater returns to the ice. The three phases are: the approach, which begins when the skater initiates the three turn entering into the jump and ends when they initiate the toe-pick; propulsion, which begins at the toe-pick and ends at take-off; and flight, which begins at take-off and ends at landing.
1056:
710:
According to figure skating researcher
Deborah King and her colleagues, the toe loop jump can be divided into four key events and three phases. The key events are: the toe-pick, or the moment the skater places their toepick into the ice; the take-off, or the last contact they make with the ice; the
706:
The toe loop is considered the simplest jump because not only do skaters use their toe-picks to execute it, their hips are already facing the direction in which they will rotate. The toe loop is the easier jump to add multiple rotations to because the toe-assisted takeoff adds power to the jump and
726:
in Salt Lake City, Utah, counted 71 attempted quadruple toe loop jumps or quadruple toe-loop combination jumps. Of those, there were 33 quadruple toe loops performed not in combination with other jumps, 13 of which were landed cleanly, without a fall, without the skater touching a hand down on the
714:
A skater initiates the toe loop with a forward approach on the inside edge of the blade, then switches to a backward-facing position before its takeoff, which is accomplished from their right back outside edge and left toepick. The jump is exited from the back outside edge of the same foot. The
971:
941:
963:
126:. In competitions, the base value of a single toe loop is 0.40; the base value of a double toe loop is 1.30; the base value of a triple toe loop is 4.20; and the base value of a quadruple toe loop is 9.50.
933:
715:
skater approaches the right back outside edge of their skate from the landing of a previous jump when done in combination, from the right back outside edge from a right forward inside-to-right back outside
2101:
1131:
2091:
1693:
1422:
2096:
1994:
1034:
270:
1688:
1632:
1364:
2061:
756:
2056:
1662:
1657:
1105:
2086:
2076:
1549:
1392:
864:
1652:
352:
311:
232:
191:
2066:
1627:
1427:
1168:
1255:
903:
2081:
1617:
2071:
1641:
1622:
390:
1200:
2035:
2020:
1764:
2203:
1637:
1452:
1703:
818:
567:
523:
1326:
1698:
1561:
1354:
1222:
1962:
1739:
2213:
1417:
1385:
1024:
2025:
1942:
1671:
1412:
1029:[Hanyu single-handedly scoring a new personal best of 322.59 points in a new system "I think I beat myself"].
611:
2040:
1896:
1477:
994:
759:, which was recognized at the event but then ruled invalid three weeks later due to a touchdown with his free foot.
2182:
1457:
1360:
2015:
2208:
2172:
1378:
1361:"Characteristics of Triple and Quadruple Toe-Loops Performed during The Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympics
1957:
1734:
1586:
1088:
880:
1667:
1647:
1482:
911:
2010:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1523:
723:
111:
91:
52:
1952:
1472:
1467:
1544:
1487:
652:
475:
42:
1901:
784:
1350:
1216:
1097:
872:
691:
367:
247:
2125:
1571:
452:
411:
2118:
1556:
434:
1175:
1841:
1815:
1576:
1508:
1401:
1359:
King, Deborah; Smith, Sarah; Higginson, Brian; Muncasy, Barry; Scheirman, Gary (2004).
752:
629:
500:
115:
95:
23:
2197:
1759:
646:
209:
185:
2139:
2132:
2030:
1947:
1891:
1881:
1876:
1836:
1831:
1805:
1581:
1566:
1528:
1513:
1462:
588:
544:
492:
329:
288:
2146:
1989:
1937:
1916:
1906:
168:
119:
99:
78:
2153:
1871:
1853:
1785:
1492:
743:
The triple toe loop is "not definitely established" in the women's discipline.
671:
488:
1101:
876:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1518:
665:
580:
536:
403:
123:
1132:"Figure Skating - Breakdown of Quadruple Jumps, Highest Scores and Judging"
1057:"Yuzuru Hanyu (JPN) Hits Quad Toe-Triple Axel En Route to Gold in Helsinki"
722:
King and her colleagues, when they studied quadruple toe loop jumps at the
785:"Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Figure Skating Jumps and Scores"
1984:
1848:
964:"Trusova (RUS) continues to make history, goes for three quads in Kaunas"
1201:"ISU Judging System Technical Panel Handbook: Singles Skating 2023/2024"
1002:
1921:
118:. It was invented in the 1920s by American professional figure skater
98:. It was invented in the 1920s by American professional figure skater
716:
517:
469:
428:
384:
346:
305:
264:
226:
934:"Trusova (RUS) Makes History with Two Quads in Golden Performance"
821:. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. pp. 2–4
685:
605:
561:
1370:
1374:
1367:
from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
993:
Bussat
Ingwersen, Aline; Kenny, Patrick (3 November 2001).
819:"ISU Communication 2475 Single and Pair Skating 2022-24"
1349:. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press.
1256:"A GIF Guide to Figure Skaters' Jumps at the Olympics"
904:"The Quad: Skating's Evolution is for More Revolution"
755:
1089:"He's Pushing the Envelope, Not That Anyone Notices"
2110:
2049:
2003:
1975:
1930:
1862:
1824:
1773:
1727:
1716:
1681:
1608:
1599:
1537:
1501:
1445:
1436:
1347:
Culture on Ice: Figure
Skating and Cultural Meaning
1154:
1152:
151:
74:
66:
58:
48:
38:
30:
21:
1087:
995:"MasterCard Skate Canada International, Day Three"
1174:. U.S. Figure Skating. p. 2. Archived from
1995:World Professional Figure Skating Championships
1130:Sarkar, Pritha; Fallon, Clare (28 March 2017).
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
1203:. U.S. Figure Skating. 8 July 2023. p. 20
1386:
110:The toe loop jump is the simplest of the six
8:
970:. Lausanne, Switzerland. 10 September 2018.
1308:
1306:
1287:
1285:
1724:
1605:
1442:
1393:
1379:
1371:
1254:Abad-Santos, Alexander (5 February 2014).
1125:
1123:
133:
446:Quad toe loop-triple toe loop-triple loop
1327:"ISU Figure Skating Media Guide 2023/24"
940:. Lausanne, Switzerland. 10 March 2018.
1033:(in Japanese). Tokyo. 28 October 2019.
772:
736:
361:Quad toe loop-triple toe loop (women's)
1214:
974:from the original on 10 September 2018
778:
776:
18:
1363:" (PDF). Sports Biomechanics. 3 (1).
1067:from the original on 16 December 2019
402:Quad toe loop-triple toe loop-double
323:Quad toe loop-triple toe loop (men's)
319:
199:
7:
2178:
1108:from the original on 19 January 2022
871:. Associated Press. 26 March 1988.
122:, who might have also invented the
14:
2036:World Figure Skating Hall of Fame
1765:Competition elements in ice dance
1413:International Skating Union (ISU)
1086:Pucin, Diane (26 December 1999).
944:from the original on 25 June 2021
902:Wilner, Barry (2 December 1999).
152:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2102:Highest historical junior scores
1037:from the original on 16 May 2021
783:Park, Alice (22 February 2018).
678:
639:
598:
554:
510:
462:
421:
391:2018 Junior Grand Prix Lithuania
377:
339:
298:
257:
219:
178:
1026:羽生、独壇場V 新境地で自己新322・59点「自分に勝てたな」
910:. New York City. Archived from
568:2019 Skate Canada International
524:2001 Skate Canada International
1031:Sports Nippon (Sponichi Annex)
1:
1633:Four Continents Championships
282:Quad toe loop-double toe loop
623:Quad Salchow-triple toe loop
241:Quadruple toe loop (women's)
1331:International Skating Union
1061:International Skating Union
999:International Skating Union
968:International Skating Union
938:International Skating Union
757:1986 European Championships
612:2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki
535:Quad toe loop-Euler-triple
2230:
2072:Figure skaters (ice dance)
2041:World Figure Sport Society
1699:Junior World Challenge Cup
1694:World Junior Championships
1663:World Junior Championships
1221:: CS1 maint: url-status (
203:Quadruple toe loop (men's)
2163:
2092:Highest historical scores
1408:
1345:Kestnbaum, Ellyn (2003).
865:"A Quadruple Jump on Ice"
660:
619:
575:
531:
483:
442:
398:
278:
158:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
16:Element in figure skating
2016:Doping in figure skating
1025:
353:1991 World Championships
312:1991 World Championships
271:2018 World Championships
233:1988 World Championships
192:1964 World Championships
2204:Figure skating elements
2067:Figure skaters (pairs)
2062:Figure skaters (women)
1735:Choreographic sequence
1628:European Championships
1428:Records and statistics
24:Figure skating element
2097:Highest junior scores
579:Quad toe loop-triple
2057:Figure skaters (men)
2011:Adult figure skating
1682:Synchronized skating
1524:Synchronized skating
1418:National federations
1260:The Atlantic Monthly
724:2002 Winter Olympics
39:Scoring abbreviation
2214:Sports biomechanics
1689:World Championships
1658:Youth Olympic Games
1623:World Championships
1333:. 20 September 2023
1312:King et al., p. 120
1300:King et al., p. 111
1291:King et al., p. 121
1244:King et al., p. 113
1235:King et al., p. 112
1169:"Identifying Jumps"
1063:. 4 November 2018.
883:on 11 November 2012
1931:Moves in the field
1550:Demise and revival
1545:Compulsory figures
1488:ISU Judging System
914:on 29 January 2012
869:The New York Times
854:Media guide, p. 17
808:Media guide, p. 16
653:1999 Skate America
476:2002 Cup of Russia
2191:
2190:
1971:
1970:
1865:and basic strokes
1728:Required elements
1712:
1711:
1704:Challenger Series
1668:Junior Grand Prix
1653:World Team Trophy
1648:Challenger Series
1595:
1594:
1453:Glossary of terms
1279:Kestnbaum, p. 288
1158:Kestnbaum. p. 287
1094:Los Angeles Times
699:
698:
692:2015 Cup of China
368:Alexandra Trusova
248:Alexandra Trusova
84:
83:
2221:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2126:The Cutting Edge
1912:
1887:
1725:
1606:
1572:Compulsory dance
1443:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1313:
1310:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:on 24 March 2012
1001:. Archived from
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
879:. Archived from
861:
855:
852:
831:
830:
828:
826:
815:
809:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
780:
760:
750:
744:
741:
688:
684:
682:
681:
668:-triple toe loop
649:
645:
643:
642:
634:
633:
632:
608:
604:
602:
601:
593:
592:
591:
564:
560:
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549:
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547:
520:
516:
514:
513:
505:
504:
503:
472:
468:
466:
465:
457:
456:
455:
453:Evgeni Plushenko
431:
427:
425:
424:
416:
415:
414:
412:Evgeni Plushenko
387:
383:
381:
380:
372:
371:
370:
349:
345:
343:
342:
334:
333:
332:
308:
304:
302:
301:
293:
292:
291:
267:
263:
261:
260:
252:
251:
250:
229:
225:
223:
222:
214:
213:
212:
188:
184:
182:
181:
173:
172:
171:
154:
134:
114:in the sport of
94:in the sport of
90:is the simplest
19:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2159:
2119:Blades of Glory
2106:
2045:
2021:Country changes
1999:
1977:
1967:
1926:
1910:
1885:
1864:
1858:
1820:
1769:
1720:
1718:
1708:
1677:
1610:
1609:Singles, pairs
1601:
1591:
1557:Special figures
1533:
1497:
1438:
1432:
1423:World Standings
1404:
1399:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1181:on 12 July 2017
1178:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
962:
961:
957:
947:
945:
932:
931:
927:
917:
915:
901:
900:
896:
886:
884:
863:
862:
858:
853:
834:
824:
822:
817:
816:
812:
807:
803:
793:
791:
782:
781:
774:
769:
764:
763:
751:
747:
742:
738:
733:
704:
679:
677:
676:
640:
638:
637:
628:
627:
626:
599:
597:
596:
587:
586:
585:
555:
553:
552:
543:
542:
541:
511:
509:
508:
499:
498:
497:
463:
461:
460:
451:
450:
449:
435:1999 NHK Trophy
422:
420:
419:
410:
409:
408:
378:
376:
375:
366:
365:
364:
340:
338:
337:
328:
327:
326:
299:
297:
296:
287:
286:
285:
258:
256:
255:
246:
245:
244:
220:
218:
217:
208:
207:
206:
179:
177:
176:
167:
166:
165:
162:Triple toe loop
132:
108:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2227:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2209:Jumping sports
2206:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:Highest scores
2084:
2079:
2077:Olympic venues
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1842:Biellmann spin
1839:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1816:Quadruple jump
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
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1714:
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1665:
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1635:
1630:
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1620:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1577:Original dance
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Single skating
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
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1465:
1460:
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1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:Figure skating
1400:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1343:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1293:
1281:
1272:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1192:
1160:
1148:
1119:
1078:
1048:
1016:
985:
955:
925:
894:
856:
832:
810:
801:
771:
770:
768:
765:
762:
761:
753:Jozef Sabovcik
745:
735:
734:
732:
729:
703:
700:
697:
696:
694:
689:
674:
669:
662:
658:
657:
655:
650:
635:
630:Timothy Goebel
624:
621:
617:
616:
614:
609:
594:
583:
577:
573:
572:
570:
565:
550:
539:
533:
529:
528:
526:
521:
506:
501:Alexei Yagudin
495:
487:Quad toe loop-
485:
481:
480:
478:
473:
458:
447:
444:
440:
439:
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432:
417:
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400:
396:
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388:
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1760:Step sequence
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1611:and ice dance
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1600:International
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1562:Short program
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210:Kurt Browning
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186:United States
175:
170:
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157:
140:Jump element
135:
129:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:toe loop jump
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
59:Take-off edge
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
34:Toe loop jump
33:
29:
26:
25:
20:
2152:
2145:
2140:Spinning Out
2138:
2133:Ice Princess
2131:
2124:
2117:
2082:Competitions
2031:Kiss and cry
1976:Professional
1963:Spread eagle
1948:Hydroblading
1922:Twizzle turn
1892:Counter turn
1882:Choctaw turn
1877:Bracket turn
1863:Steps, turns
1837:Layback spin
1832:Upright spin
1810:
1806:Salchow jump
1740:Death spiral
1602:competitions
1582:Rhythm dance
1567:Free skating
1529:Four skating
1514:Pair skating
1463:Figure skate
1346:
1335:. Retrieved
1330:
1296:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1205:. Retrieved
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1163:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1110:. Retrieved
1093:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1060:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1030:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:the original
998:
988:
976:. Retrieved
967:
958:
946:. Retrieved
937:
928:
916:. Retrieved
912:the original
907:
897:
885:. Retrieved
881:the original
868:
859:
823:. Retrieved
813:
804:
792:. Retrieved
788:
748:
739:
721:
713:
709:
705:
589:Yuzuru Hanyu
545:Yuzuru Hanyu
330:Elvis Stojko
289:Elvis Stojko
109:
87:
85:
70:Back outside
67:Landing edge
62:Back outside
49:Element type
31:Element name
22:
2147:Yuri on Ice
1990:Ice theatre
1938:Besti squat
1917:Rocker turn
1907:Mohawk turn
1502:Disciplines
1478:Competition
1437:Competitive
1320:Works cited
169:Thomas Litz
120:Bruce Mapes
100:Bruce Mapes
79:Bruce Mapes
2198:Categories
2154:Zero Chill
2026:Grand Slam
1943:Cantilever
1872:Three turn
1854:Camel spin
1786:Euler jump
1638:Grand Prix
1587:Free dance
1493:6.0 system
1355:0819566411
1337:12 October
908:CBS Sports
767:References
717:three turn
672:Jin Boyang
576:4T+3A+SEQ
532:4T+1Eu+3F
484:4T+1Eu+3S
443:4T+3T+3Lo
399:4T+3T+2Lo
1985:Ice shows
1953:Ina Bauer
1902:Loop turn
1897:Crossover
1801:Lutz jump
1796:Loop jump
1791:Flip jump
1781:Axel jump
1719:and other
1519:Ice dance
1102:2165-1736
877:1553-8095
731:Footnotes
702:Technique
124:flip jump
2173:Category
1849:Sit spin
1717:Elements
1538:Segments
1365:Archived
1217:cite web
1106:Archived
1065:Archived
1035:Archived
972:Archived
942:Archived
491:-triple
75:Inventor
2183:Commons
1978:skating
1458:History
1446:General
1439:skating
1136:Reuters
661:4Lz+3T
493:Salchow
146:Nation
143:Skater
106:History
1958:Spiral
1911:
1886:
1483:Season
1353:
1265:3 July
1207:3 July
1185:3 July
1141:3 July
1112:3 July
1100:
1071:3 July
1041:3 July
1009:3 July
978:3 July
948:3 July
918:3 July
887:3 July
875:
825:3 July
794:3 June
683:
644:
620:4S+3T
603:
559:
518:Russia
515:
470:Russia
467:
429:Russia
426:
385:Russia
382:
347:Canada
344:
320:4T+3T
306:Canada
303:
279:4T+2T
265:Russia
262:
227:Canada
224:
183:
149:Event
137:Abbr.
130:Firsts
2050:Lists
2004:Other
1913:step)
1888:step)
1825:Spins
1774:Jumps
1755:Spins
1750:Lifts
1745:Jumps
1721:moves
1672:Final
1642:Final
1179:(PDF)
1172:(PDF)
686:China
664:Quad
606:Japan
562:Japan
489:Euler
112:jumps
1473:Club
1468:Rink
1351:ISBN
1339:2023
1267:2024
1223:link
1209:2024
1187:2024
1143:2024
1114:2024
1098:ISSN
1073:2024
1043:2024
1011:2024
980:2024
950:2024
920:2024
889:2024
873:ISSN
827:2024
796:2024
666:lutz
581:Axel
537:flip
404:loop
153:Ref.
92:jump
86:The
53:Jump
200:4T
159:3T
2200::
1909:(C
1884:(S
1329:.
1305:^
1284:^
1258:.
1219:}}
1215:{{
1151:^
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997:.
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906:.
867:.
835:^
787:.
775:^
1674:)
1670:(
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1394:e
1387:t
1380:v
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1075:.
1045:.
1013:.
982:.
952:.
922:.
891:.
829:.
798:.
43:T
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