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229:(635–713 CE) when he describes the rules for monks in his book: "Every day in the morning, a monk must chew a piece of tooth wood to brush his teeth and scrape his tongue, and this must be done in the proper way. Only after one has washed one's hands and mouth may one make salutations. Otherwise both the saluter and the saluted are at fault. In Sanskrit, the tooth wood is known as the dantakastha—danta meaning tooth, and kastha, a piece of wood. It is twelve finger-widths in length. The shortest is not less than eight finger-widths long, resembling the little finger in size. Chew one end of the wood well for a long while and then brush the teeth with it."
163:
402:(cavity-causing) materials; and the outer bristles were longer and softer than the inner bristles. Other manufacturers soon followed with other designs aimed at improving effectiveness. In spite of the changes with the number of tufts and the spacing, the handle form and design, the bristles were still straight and difficult to maneuver. In 1978 Dr. George C. Collis developed the Collis Curve toothbrush which was the first toothbrush to have curved bristles. The curved bristles follow the curvature of the teeth and safely reach in between the teeth and into the
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manufacturing toothbrushes. He died in 1808, bequeathing the business to his eldest son. It remained within family ownership until 1996. Under the name Wisdom
Toothbrushes, the company now manufactures 70 million toothbrushes per year in the UK. By 1840 toothbrushes were being mass-produced in Britain, France, Germany, and Japan. Pig bristles were used for cheaper toothbrushes and badger hair for the more expensive ones.
673:
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Most studies report performances equivalent to those of manual brushings, possibly with a decrease in plaque and gingivitis. An additional timer and pressure sensors can encourage a more efficient cleaning process. Electric toothbrushes can be classified, according to the speed of their movements as: standard power toothbrushes, sonic toothbrushes, or
660:
336:
in
Hertford, UK, holds approximately 5000 brushes that make up part of the Addis Collection. The Addis factory on Ware Road was a major employer in the town until 1996. Since the closure of the factory, Hertford Museum has received photographs and documents relating to the archive, and collected oral
710:
more often than every 48 hours is enough to maintain gum and tooth health. Tooth brushing can remove plaque up to one millimeter below the gum line. Each person has a habitual brushing method, so more frequent brushing does not cover additional parts of the teeth or mouth. Most dentists recommended
614:
The small round brush head comprises seven tufts of tightly packed soft nylon bristles, trimmed so the bristles in the center can reach deeper into small spaces. The brush handle is ergonomically designed for a firm grip, giving the control and precision necessary to clean where most other cleaning
519:
The use of interdental brushes in conjunction with tooth brushing has been shown to reduce both the amount of plaque and the incidence of gingivitis when compared to tooth brushing alone. Although there is some evidence that after tooth brushing with a conventional tooth brush, interdental brushes
477:
There are different electric toothbrush heads designed for sensitive teeth and gums, increased stain removal, or different-sized bristles for tight or gapped teeth. The hand motion with an electric toothbrush is different from a manual toothbrush. They are meant to have the bristles do the work by
728:
It is beneficial when using a straight bristled brush: not to scrub horizontally over the necks of teeth; not to press the brush too hard against the teeth, to choose a toothpaste that is not too abrasive; and to wait at least 30 minutes after consumption of acidic food or drinks before brushing.
464:
It has been discovered that compared to a manual brush, the multi-directional power brush might reduce the incidence of gingivitis and plaque, when compared to regular side-to-side brushing. These brushes tend to be more costly and damaging to the environment when compared to manual toothbrushes.
289:
who wrote in 1690 that he had bought a toothbrush from J. Barret. Europeans found the hog bristle toothbrushes imported from China too firm and preferred softer bristle toothbrushes made from horsehair. Mass-produced toothbrushes made with horse or boar bristle continued to be imported to
Britain
284:
clean their teeth with brushes made of horsetail hairs attached to an oxbone handle. The bristle toothbrush spread to Europe, brought from China to Europe by travellers. It was adopted in Europe during the 17th century. The earliest identified use of the word toothbrush in
English was in the
473:
range (20 Hz to 20,000 Hz), it can be classified as a sonic toothbrush. Any electric toothbrush with movement faster than this limit can be classified as an ultrasonic toothbrush. Certain ultrasonic toothbrushes, such as the
Megasonex and the Ultreo, have both sonic and ultrasonic
650:
A musical toothbrush is a type of manual or powered toothbrush designed to make tooth brushing habit more interesting. It is more commonly introduced to children to gain their attention and positively influence their tooth brushing behavior. The music starts while child starts brushing, it
329:
from a meal, he drilled small holes into the bone and tied into the bone tufts of bristles that he had obtained from one of the guards, passed the tufts of bristle through the holes in the bone and sealed the holes with glue. After his release, he became wealthy after starting a business
615:
aids cannot reach. These areas include the posterior of the wisdom teeth (third molars), orthodontic structures (braces), crowded teeth, and tooth surfaces that are next to missing teeth. It can also be used to clean areas around implants, bridges, dentures and other appliances.
266:(619–907), it consisted of hog bristles. The bristles were sourced from hogs living in Siberia and northern China because the colder temperatures provided firmer bristles. They were attached to a handle manufactured from bamboo or bone, forming a toothbrush. In 1223, Japanese
1780:
Neither the brush color nor the wire diameter are specified in ISO 16409:2010 or ISO/DIS 16409:2014. Just some general properties of the wire (e.g., should not bend) or specifications of the packaging (e.g., the brush size must be noted) can be found
344:
for a toothbrush was granted to H.N. Wadsworth in 1857 (U.S.A. Patent No. 18,653) in the United States, but mass production in the United States did not start until 1885. The improved design had a bone handle with holes bored into it for the
Siberian
398:" toothbrush in 1977. It differed from previous toothbrushes in three ways: it had an angled head, similar to dental instruments, to reach back teeth; the bristles were concentrated more closely than usual to clean each tooth of potentially
724:
Teeth can be damaged by several factors including poor oral hygiene, but also by wrong oral hygiene. Especially for sensitive teeth, damage to dentin and gums can be prevented by several measures including a correct brushing technique.
535:. This corresponds to the space between two teeth that is just sufficient for the brush to go through without bending the wire. The color of the brushes differs between producers. The same is the case with respect to the wire diameter.
729:
Harder toothbrushes reduce plaque more efficiently but are more stressful to teeth and gum; using a medium to soft brush for a longer cleaning time was rated to be the best compromise between cleaning result and gum and tooth health.
715:
activity, but tooth and gum disease remain high, since lay people clean at most 40% of their tooth margins at the gum line. Videos show that even when asked to brush their best, they do not know how to clean effectively.
1696:
Gluch, Joan I. (2012). "As an
Adjunct to Tooth Brushing, Interdental Brushes (IDBs) are More Effective in Removing Plaque as Compared with Brushing Alone or the Combination Use of Tooth Brushing and Dental Floss".
77:
which facilitates the cleaning of hard-to-reach areas of the mouth. They should be used in conjunction with something to clean between the teeth where the bristles of the toothbrush cannot reach - for example
1509:
638:. They are available in different flavors such as mint or bubblegum and should be disposed of after use. Other types of disposable toothbrushes include those that contain a small breakable plastic ball of
96:
Because many common and effective ingredients in toothpaste are harmful if swallowed in large doses, tooth paste should instead should be spat out. The act of brushing teeth is most often done at a
508:
An interdental or interproximal ("proxy") brush is a small brush, typically disposable, either supplied with a reusable angled plastic handle or an integral handle, used for cleaning between
696:
It is not recommended to share toothbrushes with others, since besides general hygienic concerns, there is a risk of transmitting diseases that are typically transmittable by blood, such as
1931:
Lock, G.; Dirscherl, M.; Obermeier, F.; Gelbmann, C. M.; Hellerbrand, C.; Knöll, A.; Schölmerich, J.; Jilg, W. (2006). "Hepatitis C – contamination of toothbrushes: myth or reality?".
631:
A chewable toothbrush is a miniature plastic moulded toothbrush which can be placed inside the mouth. While not commonly used, they are useful to travelers and are sometimes available from
353:, did not dry efficiently and the bristles often fell out. In addition to bone, handles were made of wood or ivory. In the United States, brushing teeth did not become routine until after
100:
within the kitchen or bathroom, where the brush may be rinsed off afterwards to remove any debris remaining and then dried to reduce conditions ideal for bacterial growth (and, if it is a
1434:
2274:
Zimmer, S; Ă–ztĂĽrk, M; Barthel, CR; Bizhang, M; Jordan, RA (Feb 2011). "Cleaning efficacy and soft tissue trauma after use of manual toothbrushes with different bristle stiffness".
998:
Li, R., 2000. Buddhist
Monastic Traditions of Southern Asia: A Record of the Inner Law Sent Home from the South Seas (p. 198). Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
384:, the Broxodent, was invented in Switzerland in 1954. By the turn of the 21st century nylon had come to be widely used for the bristles and the handles were usually molded from
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found that advice on brushing technique and frequency given by 10 national dental associations, toothpaste and toothbrush companies, and in dental textbooks was inconsistent.
240:, is considered a pious action and has been prescribed to be used before every prayer five times a day. Miswaks have been used by Muslims since the 7th century. Twigs of
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Tree have been used by ancient
Indians. Neem, in its full bloom, can aid in healing by keeping the area clean and disinfected. In fact, even today, Neem twigs called
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is believed to have produced the first mass-produced toothbrush in 1780. In 1770, he had been jailed for causing a riot. While in prison he decided that using a
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297:'Indexo' finger toothbrush, New York, United States, 1901–1919. It is made entirely of rubber, which has been shaped to fit over the index finger.
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469:. Any electric toothbrush is technically a powered toothbrush. If the motion of the toothbrush is sufficiently rapid to produce a hum in the
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1585:"Plaque removal efficacy of powered and manual toothbrushes under supervised and unsupervised conditions: A comparative clinical study"
985:
3454:
1884:"Effectiveness of musical toothbrush on oral debris and gingival bleeding among 6–10-year-old children: A randomized controlled trial"
1975:
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patients brush twice a day in the hope that frequent brushing would clean more areas of the mouth. Tooth brushing is the most common
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Brush size 0 still can be found in ISO 16409:2010, however, it is no longer specified in ISO/DIS 16409:2014 (as of
December 2015).
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tombs. Chew sticks remain common in Africa, the rural Southern United States, and in the Islamic world the use of chewing stick,
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2264:"It is concluded that keeping tooth unbrushed for at least 30 min after an erosive attack is necessary for protecting dentin"
2016:
Attin T, Hornecker E (2005). "Tooth brushing and oral health: how frequently and when should tooth brushing be performed?".
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1510:"New research finds electric toothbrushes 'fairly horrifying' for the environment - but bamboo brushes aren't the answer"
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1402:"Who invented the toothbrush and when was it? (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress)"
531:
16409. The brush size, which is a number between 0 (small space between teeth) and 8 (large space), indicates the
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Sharma, Abhishek; Sankhla, Bharat; Parkar, Sujal M; Hongal, Sudheer; K, Thanveer; CG, Ajithkrishnan (July 2014).
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1061:"Effect of Traditionally Used Neem and Babool Chewing Stick (Datun) on Streptococcus Mutans: An In–Vitro Study"
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A six-sided toothbrush used to brush all sides of the teeth, in both the upper and lower jaw, at the same time.
286:
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in 1938. The first nylon bristle toothbrush made with nylon yarn went on sale on February 24, 1938. The first
119:; such brushes constitute a significant source of pollution. Over 1 billion toothbrushes are disposed of into
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The Greeks and Romans used toothpicks to clean their teeth, and toothpick-like twigs have been excavated in
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During the 1900s, celluloid gradually replaced bone handles. Natural animal bristles were also replaced by
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1647:"Interdental brushing for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults"
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Brush size 1 has passage hole diameter ≤ 0.8 according to ISO/DIS 16409:2014 (as of December 2015).
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in 3500 BC, an Egyptian tomb dating from 3000 BC, and mentioned in Chinese records dating from 1600 BC.
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210:. Chew sticks were twigs with frayed ends used to brush the teeth while the other end was used as a
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2219:"Dental erosion and severe tooth decay related to soft drinks: a case report and literature review"
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1956:
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Deacon, SA; Glenny, AM; Deery, C; Robinson, PG; Heanue, M; Walmsley, AD; Shaw, WC (Dec 8, 2010).
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Poklepovic T, Worthington HV, Johnson TM, Sambunjak D, Imai P, Clarkson JE, Tugwell P (2013).
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It is advisable to rinse the toothbrush with water, shake it off and let dry after use.
4371:
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2403:
2317:"What's the best way to brush teeth? Even dentists and dental associations don't agree"
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524:, a systematic review reported insufficient evidence to determine such an association.
140:
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hair bristles. Unfortunately, animal bristle was not an ideal material as it retained
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2423:
1994:
1944:
1225:
The fibromyalgia dental handbook: A practical guide to maintaining peak dental health
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Milton's Teeth & Ovid's Umbrella: Curiouser and Curiouser Adventures in History
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continuously plays during the brushing and it ends when the child stops brushing.
623:
1117:"Does Brushing With Neem Twig Help Give You Stronger Teeth and Gums? We Find Out"
478:
just placing and moving the toothbrush. Fewer back and forth strokes are needed.
225:
The Indian way of using tooth wood for brushing is presented by the Chinese Monk
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measures had been used. This has been verified by excavations during which tree
54:
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recommend using a soft toothbrush since hard-bristled toothbrushes can damage
70:
2122:
2097:
Magalhães, AC; Wiegand, A; Rios, D; Honório, HM; Buzalaf, MA (Mar–Apr 2009).
2043:
Deinzer R, Ebel S, Blättermann H, Weik U, Margraf-Stiksrud J (October 2018).
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750:
211:
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17:
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2045:"Toothbrushing: to the best of one's abilities is possibly not good enough"
2029:
2002:
1952:
1917:
1882:
Subburaman, Nivedha; Madan Kumar, ParangimalaiDiwakar; Iyer, Kiran (2019).
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They are available with different bristle textures, sizes, and forms. Most
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In January 2003, the toothbrush was selected as the number one invention
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on the teeth was ineffective and could be improved. After saving a small
271:
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toothbrush resembling the modern one was found in China. Used during the
120:
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Dentistry – Oral hygiene products – Manual interdental brushes
1744:
Dentistry – Oral hygiene products – Manual interdental brushes
494:
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2443:
1536:"Different powered toothbrushes for plaque control and gingival health"
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66:
58:
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1822:"GUM® End-Tuft Toothbrush – Official Site for GUM® Toothbrushes"
1305:
377:
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237:
112:
62:
1811:
Sizes 7 and 8 according to ISO/DIS 16409:2014 (as of December 2015).
775:"Oral Longevity," American Dental Association brochure (PDF), page 2
442:
A multi-sided toothbrush is a fast and easy way to brush the teeth.
1583:
Kallar, S; Srivastava, N; Pandit, IK; Gugnani, N (1 January 2011).
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are used for brushing teeth in India, although not hugely common.
215:
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50:
36:
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Different versions of the standard specify different brush sizes.
1589:
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
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196:
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97:
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1976:"Current concepts in toothbrushing and interdental cleaning"
1193:
1191:
841:"How your toothbrush became a part of the plastic crisis"
357:, when American soldiers had to clean their teeth daily.
2362:
American Dental Association statements on Tooth brushing
1168:
Harris, Norman O.; GarcĂa-Godoy, Franklin, eds. (1999).
676:
Replaceable head toothbrush, with and without brush head
1199:"Who invented the toothbrush and when was it invented?"
1035:"4 ways our ancestors used benefits from the neem tree"
4326:
The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities
2099:"Insights into preventive measures for dental erosion"
2092:
2090:
1844:"End Tuft Brush – Flossing and interdental aids"
183:
Before the invention of the toothbrush, a variety of
2519:
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
2402:
Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (
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BBC h2g2 The History of Toothpaste and Toothbrushes
2217:Cheng, R; Yang, H; Shao, M; Hu, T; Zhou, X (2009).
527:The size of interdental brushes is standardized in
394:, a leading medical supplies firm, introduced the "
902:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 223.
900:Medical biofilms detection, prevention and control
642:on the bristles, which can be used without water.
305:A photo from 1899 showing the use of a toothbrush.
111:Some toothbrushes have plant-based handles, often
1738:
1736:
1471:Clinical practice of the dental hygienist. 5th ed
1377:"Toothbrushes – American Dental Association"
968:Yu, Hai-Yang; Qian, Lin-Mao; Zheng, Jing (2013).
663:Soladey 3 is activated by light to kill bacteria.
3649:Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction
1227:. New York: Marlowe & Company. p. 118.
1174:(5th ed.). Stamford: Appleton & Lange.
898:Sammons, R. (2003). "Control of dental plaque".
158:(960–1279) toothbrush handles made of tiger bone
1143:Kumar, Jayanth V. (2011). "Oral hygiene aids".
1138:
1136:
1145:Textbook of preventive and community dentistry
214:. The earliest chew sticks were discovered in
3110:
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1473:. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. p. 308.
893:
891:
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504:Interdental cleaning § Interdental brush
115:. However, numerous others are made of cheap
65:. It consists of a head of tightly clustered
8:
1681:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1277:
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1147:(2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 412–413.
364:A child being shown how to use a toothbrush.
3574:Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy
1540:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1065:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
706:Studies have shown that brushing to remove
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3117:
3103:
3095:
2806:
2491:
2394:
2380:
2372:
1284:"History of the Toothbrush and Toothpaste"
1254:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p.
870:"Napoleon's Toothbrush, Europe, 1790-1821"
3670:Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
2242:
2186:
2130:
2070:
2060:
1899:
1699:Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice
1658:
1600:
1559:
1092:
963:
961:
959:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
206:The predecessor of the toothbrush is the
170:toothbrush was said to have been used by
4379:Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era
3498:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
3493:Protectorate General to Pacify the North
2223:Journal of Zhejiang University Science B
1456:"The Complete History of the Toothbrush"
1421:"P&G Puts Its Crest On A Toothbrush"
1339:
1337:
935:Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things
796:"Green and Healthy Mouths- Toothbrushes"
537:
413:could not live without according to the
3503:Protectorate General to Pacify the East
3476:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
2539:Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
1651:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1201:. The Library of Congress. 2007-04-04.
767:
290:from China until the mid 20th century.
2018:Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry
1674:
2928:Subepithelial connective tissue graft
1640:
1638:
127:alone. Bristles are commonly made of
7:
2514:Generalized aggressive periodontitis
2163:"Erosion—diagnosis and risk factors"
498:Rubbery, elastomer interdental brush
938:. HarperCollins. pp. 208–209.
2509:Localized aggressive periodontitis
2327:from the original on 9 August 2014
819:"Can You Recycle Your Toothbrush?"
539:Brush size according to ISO 16409
490:Wire-and nylon interdental brushes
25:
2832:Full mouth ultrasonic debridement
1888:Indian Journal of Dental Research
1286:. About.com Money. Archived from
460:Various electric toothbrush heads
337:histories from former employees.
3272:
2529:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
2349:
2301:
2258:
2202:
2146:
1995:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00273.x
1945:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00735.x
1854:from the original on 2014-03-27.
1832:from the original on 2014-04-19.
1408:from the original on 2008-04-11.
988:from the original on 2014-01-02.
952:from the original on 2014-01-02.
829:from the original on 2009-02-04.
806:from the original on 2009-09-05.
2161:Lussic, A.; Jaeggi, T. (2008).
2115:10.1590/S1678-77572009000200002
2103:Journal of Applied Oral Science
1625:"Choosing A Powered Toothbrush"
1491:from the original on 2009-06-28
1437:from the original on 2016-01-23
1383:from the original on 2012-11-12
1345:"The history of the toothbrush"
1205:from the original on 2008-04-11
82:, tape or interdental brushes.
1660:10.1002/14651858.CD009857.pub2
1552:10.1002/14651858.CD004971.pub2
1419:Lazarus, George (1991-08-13).
1320:"New jobs joy in toothbrushes"
135:, as plastic is, may still be
1:
4273:Islam during the Tang dynasty
3513:Gyerim Territory Area Command
2534:Abscesses of the periodontium
1866:"Era of "Smart Toothbrushes""
1742:ISO 16409:2006 + Amd.1:2010,
1304:. addis.co.uk. Archived from
73:can be applied, mounted on a
3599:Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum
1171:Primary preventive dentistry
974:. Springer. pp. 18–19.
847:. 2019-06-14. Archived from
576:Passage hole diameter in mm
3395:Department of State Affairs
3145:Transition from Sui to Tang
1711:10.1016/j.jebdp.2012.03.016
1077:10.7860/JCDR/2014/9817.4549
823:About.com News & Issues
32:Toothbrush (disambiguation)
4501:
3471:Tang dynasty in Inner Asia
2888:Guided tissue regeneration
1933:Journal of Viral Hepatitis
1223:Stay, Flora Parsa (2005).
684:
655:Toothpaste-less toothbrush
501:
449:
41:Three plastic toothbrushes
29:
3270:
2858:Coronally positioned flap
2179:10.1007/s00784-007-0179-z
2062:10.1186/s12903-018-0633-0
734:University College London
720:Adversity of toothbrushes
512:and between the wires of
4340:Ten Computational Canons
3553:Three Hundred Tang Poems
3316:Administrative divisions
2913:Pocket reduction surgery
2893:Enamel matrix derivative
2883:Guided bone regeneration
2848:Apically positioned flap
2822:Scaling and root planing
2728:Treatment and prevention
2689:Linear gingival erythema
2644:Clinical attachment loss
2558:A. actinomycetemcomitans
1901:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_128_17
1248:Olmert, Michael (1996).
1024:, (Islamic Books), p.30.
932:Panati, Charles (2013).
520:remove more plaque than
430:Multi-sided toothbrushes
3411:Secretariat-Chancellery
3232:Niu–Li factional strife
2966:Important personalities
2827:Full mouth disinfection
2790:Host modulatory therapy
2755:Chlorhexidine gluconate
2735:Periodontal examination
2288:10.1902/jop.2010.100328
1602:10.4103/0970-4388.85832
1469:Wilkins, E. M. (1983).
1404:. Library of Congress.
1379:. ADA.org. 2010-02-04.
784:Retrieved June 12, 2008
467:ultrasonic toothbrushes
203:quills were recovered.
93:and irritate the gums.
4292:Science and technology
3581:Huaisu's Autobiography
3481:Four Garrisons of Anxi
3247:Tang-Nanzhao conflicts
3185:Tang–Western Turks War
3155:Tang–Eastern Turks War
2684:Horizontal bony defect
1485:"2003 Invention Index"
677:
664:
628:
499:
491:
461:
439:
365:
306:
298:
274:Kigen recorded in his
175:
159:
42:
3727:Green Satchel Classic
3626:Thousand-Buddha Cliff
3621:Rongxian Giant Buddha
3594:Kashyapa & Ananda
3430:Ministry of Personnel
3340:Imperial examinations
2908:Open flap debridement
2903:Lateral pedicle graft
2504:Chronic periodontitis
2464:Mucogingival junction
2459:Junctional epithelium
2235:10.1631/jzus.B0820245
713:preventive healthcare
675:
662:
627:Chewable toothbrushes
626:
533:passage hole diameter
497:
489:
459:
437:
392:Johnson & Johnson
363:
304:
296:
280:that he saw monks in
165:
154:
49:is a special type of
40:
4480:Preventive dentistry
3488:Beiting Protectorate
3264:Huang Chao Rebellion
3180:Tang–Tibet relations
3150:Xuanwu Gate Incident
3038:Paul Roscoe Stillman
3013:Willoughby D. Miller
2983:Per-Ingvar BrĂĄnemark
2810:Conventional therapy
2719:Vertical bony defect
2664:Gingival enlargement
2614:Entamoeba gingivalis
2469:Periodontal ligament
2439:Free gingival margin
2358:at Wikimedia Commons
1039:www.timesnownews.com
800:greenecoservices.com
756:Toothbrush moustache
30:For other uses, see
4460:Domestic implements
4278:Chinese Manichaeism
3616:Leshan Giant Buddha
3588:Night-Shining White
3450:Ministry of Justice
3435:Ministry of Revenue
3222:An Lushan rebellion
3053:James Leon Williams
2918:Socket preservation
2868:Free gingival graft
2750:Bleeding on probing
2704:Periodontal disease
2474:Sulcular epithelium
1983:Periodontology 2000
1974:Claydon NC (2008).
1516:. 15 September 2020
1363:"The Addis Company"
1022:Muslims and Science
971:Dental Biotribology
874:Wellcome Collection
668:Reusable toothbrush
619:Chewable toothbrush
540:
452:Electric toothbrush
446:Electric toothbrush
425:Types of toothbrush
382:electric toothbrush
4475:Ancient inventions
4465:English inventions
4398:Woodblock printing
4261:Church of the East
3706:The Classic of Tea
3611:Dazu Rock Carvings
3242:Sweet Dew incident
3160:Tang–Xueyantuo War
2699:Periodontal pocket
2674:Gingival recession
2565:Capnocytophaga sp.
2167:Clin Oral Investig
1302:"History of ADDIS"
780:2010-11-19 at the
678:
665:
646:Musical toothbrush
629:
538:
500:
492:
462:
440:
366:
307:
299:
176:
172:Napoleon Bonaparte
160:
131:(which, while not
53:used to clean the
43:
4442:
4441:
4286:
4285:
4169:Dongshan Liangjie
4157:Zhaozhou Congshen
4040:
4039:
3691:The Tale of Li Wa
3525:
3524:
3508:Ungjin Commandery
3455:Ministry of Works
3440:Ministry of Rites
3387:Three Departments
3345:Official headwear
3165:Goguryeo–Tang War
3092:
3091:
3067:Other specialties
3023:John Mankey Riggs
3008:Preston D. Miller
2973:Tomas Albrektsson
2961:
2960:
2898:Implant placement
2873:Gingival grafting
2863:Crown lengthening
2798:
2797:
2765:Hydrogen peroxide
2622:Trichomonas tenax
2354:Media related to
2323:. 7 August 2014.
2173:(Suppl 1): 5–13.
1458:. March 15, 2015.
1351:on June 30, 2012.
1290:on July 13, 2012.
1234:978-1-56924-401-2
1181:978-0-8385-8129-2
1154:978-81-312-2530-1
1009:salvadora persica
981:978-1-4614-4550-0
945:978-0-06-227708-4
909:978-0-471-98867-0
607:
606:
482:Interdental brush
471:audible frequency
421:Invention Index.
285:autobiography of
27:Oral hygiene tool
16:(Redirected from
4492:
4455:Dental equipment
4225:Neo-Confucianism
4127:Baizhang Huaihai
4049:
3657:Empress Zhangsun
3632:
3567:A Palace Concert
3383:
3276:
3237:Changqing Treaty
3119:
3112:
3105:
3096:
3084:Prosthodontology
3043:Dennis P. Tarnow
2988:Robert Gottsegen
2807:
2659:Furcation defect
2492:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2373:
2353:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2246:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2190:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2134:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2064:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1903:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1762:(draft standard)
1752:
1746:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1672:
1662:
1653:(12): CD009857.
1642:
1633:
1632:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1604:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1546:(12): CD004971.
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1347:. Archived from
1341:
1332:
1331:
1326:. Archived from
1316:
1310:
1309:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1096:
1071:(7): ZC15–ZC17.
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1005:
999:
996:
990:
989:
965:
954:
953:
929:
914:
913:
895:
884:
883:
881:
880:
866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:on June 14, 2019
837:
831:
830:
814:
808:
807:
791:
785:
772:
692:Hygiene and care
636:vending machines
541:
370:synthetic fibers
123:annually in the
69:, atop of which
21:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4429:Salt Commission
4424:Kaiyuan Tongbao
4402:
4282:
4249:
4211:
4186:
4036:
3957:
3952:Liêu Hữu Phương
3734:
3630:
3521:
3459:
3445:Ministry of War
3416:
3381:
3375:Turkic generals
3360:Imperial guards
3277:
3268:
3227:Qingshui Treaty
3217:Battle of Talas
3170:Baekje–Tang War
3129:
3123:
3093:
3088:
3062:
2993:Gary Greenstein
2957:
2836:
2794:
2723:
2694:Occlusal trauma
2669:Gingival pocket
2627:
2543:
2483:
2454:Gingival sulcus
2449:Gingival fibers
2407:
2400:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2257:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2049:BMC Oral Health
2042:
2041:
2037:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1734:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1673:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1629:Take Home Smile
1623:
1622:
1618:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1426:Chicago Tribune
1418:
1417:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1330:on 25 May 2014.
1318:
1317:
1313:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
982:
967:
966:
957:
946:
931:
930:
917:
910:
897:
896:
887:
878:
876:
868:
867:
863:
854:
852:
839:
838:
834:
816:
815:
811:
793:
792:
788:
782:Wayback Machine
773:
769:
764:
742:
722:
694:
689:
683:
670:
657:
648:
621:
612:
516:and the teeth.
506:
484:
454:
448:
432:
427:
334:Hertford Museum
256:
181:
149:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4447:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4372:Gautama Siddha
4369:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4233:
4221:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4200:Cheng Xuanying
4196:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4139:Yaoshan Weiyan
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4057:
4055:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3796:Wang Changling
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3638:
3636:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3422:Six Ministries
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3175:Silla–Tang War
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3079:Orthodontology
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
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2429:Biologic width
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2404:Periodontology
2401:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2345:
2344:External links
2342:
2339:
2338:
2321:Medical Xpress
2308:
2266:
2229:(5): 395–399.
2209:
2153:
2086:
2035:
2008:
1966:
1939:(9): 571–573.
1923:
1894:(2): 196–199.
1874:
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1487:. 2003-01-21.
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1324:Cambridge News
1311:
1308:on 2014-10-28.
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687:Tooth brushing
685:Main article:
682:
681:Tooth brushing
679:
669:
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610:End-tuft brush
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450:Main article:
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141:bamboo viscose
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4374:(fl 714–724)
4373:
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4364:
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4353:
4352:Xinxiu bencao
4349:
4348:
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4341:
4337:
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4331:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4321:Liang Lingzan
4319:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4307:Jigu Suanjing
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:Wang Xiaotong
4298:
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4175:Yunmen Wenyan
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4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3989:Viśa Īrasangä
3987:
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3820:Liu Changqing
3818:
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3809:
3806:
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3778:Zhang Jiuling
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3097:
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3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Endodontology
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3058:W. J. Younger
3056:
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3049:
3046:
3044:
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3019:
3018:Carl E. Misch
3016:
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2712:
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2709:Periodontitis
2707:
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2700:
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2640:
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2624:
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2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:P. intermedia
2583:
2581:
2580:
2579:P. gingivalis
2576:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
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2537:
2535:
2532:
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2527:
2525:
2524:Periodontosis
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
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2427:
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2424:Alveolar bone
2422:
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2417:
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2343:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:(2): 267–71.
2281:
2277:
2276:J Periodontol
2270:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
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2220:
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2205:
2198:
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2157:
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2149:
2142:
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2133:
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2108:
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2100:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2024:(3): 135–40.
2023:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
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1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1282:Mary Bellis.
1278:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:0-684-80164-7
1261:
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1139:
1137:
1133:
1122:
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1109:
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1100:
1095:
1090:
1086:
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1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1041:. 7 July 2019
1040:
1036:
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947:
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928:
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901:
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892:
890:
886:
875:
871:
865:
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850:
846:
842:
836:
833:
828:
824:
820:
813:
810:
805:
801:
797:
790:
787:
783:
779:
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771:
768:
761:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
737:
735:
730:
726:
719:
717:
714:
709:
708:dental plaque
704:
701:
699:
691:
688:
680:
674:
667:
661:
654:
652:
645:
643:
641:
637:
634:
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584:
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561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
536:
534:
530:
525:
523:
517:
515:
514:dental braces
511:
505:
496:
488:
481:
479:
475:
472:
468:
458:
453:
445:
443:
436:
429:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
387:
386:thermoplastic
383:
379:
375:
371:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
343:
338:
335:
331:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:William Addis
303:
295:
291:
288:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
253:
251:
249:
248:
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198:
194:
190:
186:
178:
173:
169:
164:
157:
153:
146:
144:
142:
138:
134:
133:biodegradable
130:
126:
125:United States
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
83:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
4470:Oral hygiene
4392:
4377:
4350:
4338:
4325:
4305:
4217:Confucianism
4202:(fl 631–655)
4081:(fl 602–664)
3904:Niu Yingzhen
3880:Liu Zongyuan
3725:
3720:Yang Yunsong
3714:Du Guangting
3704:
3689:
3684:Bai Xingjian
3668:
3647:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3561:Playing card
3551:
3190:Oasis states
3126:Tang dynasty
3048:Hom-Lay Wang
3033:Jørgen Slots
3003:Brian Mealey
2878:Gingivectomy
2780:Tetracycline
2775:Oral hygiene
2744:
2620:
2612:
2605:
2600:T. denticola
2598:
2593:T. forsythia
2591:
2584:
2577:
2572:F. nucleatum
2570:
2563:
2556:
2419:Periodontium
2356:Toothbrushes
2329:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2109:(2): 75–86.
2106:
2102:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1986:
1982:
1969:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1860:
1847:
1838:
1825:
1816:
1795:
1786:
1776:
1767:
1759:
1758:16409:2014,
1750:
1743:
1705:(2): 81–83.
1702:
1698:
1691:
1677:cite journal
1650:
1628:
1619:
1595:(3): 235–8.
1592:
1588:
1578:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1518:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1493:. Retrieved
1479:
1470:
1464:
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1424:
1414:
1396:
1385:. Retrieved
1371:
1357:
1349:the original
1328:the original
1323:
1314:
1306:the original
1296:
1288:the original
1250:
1243:
1224:
1218:
1207:. Retrieved
1170:
1163:
1144:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1043:. Retrieved
1038:
1029:
1021:
1020:IslamKotob,
1016:
1007:
1003:
994:
970:
934:
899:
877:. Retrieved
873:
864:
853:. Retrieved
849:the original
844:
835:
822:
817:Larry West.
812:
799:
789:
770:
746:Dental floss
731:
727:
723:
705:
702:
695:
649:
630:
613:
532:
526:
522:dental floss
518:
507:
476:
463:
441:
408:
390:
367:
355:World War II
339:
332:
308:
287:Anthony Wood
275:
264:Tang dynasty
257:
245:
231:
224:
218:in southern
205:
185:oral hygiene
182:
156:Song dynasty
110:
104:toothbrush,
95:
91:tooth enamel
84:
46:
44:
18:Toothbrushes
4434:Flying cash
4333:Li Chunfeng
4315:Xu Jingzong
4266:Xi'an Stele
4244:Kong Yingda
4115:Amoghavajra
3946:Du Qiuniang
3934:Mo Xuanqing
3928:Li Shangyin
3922:Wen Tingyun
3784:Meng Haoran
3772:He Zhizhang
3766:Chen Zi'ang
3748:Luo Binwang
3405:Chancellery
3400:Secretariat
3365:Shence Army
3321:Jimi system
3304:Family tree
3028:Jay Seibert
2978:Frank Beube
2817:Debridement
2607:Red complex
1514:independent
845:Environment
732:A study by
698:Hepatitis C
603:≥ 2.8
544:Brush size
474:movements.
388:materials.
309:In the UK,
234:Qin dynasty
220:Mesopotamia
174:(1769–1821)
4449:Categories
4393:Toothbrush
4360:Sun Simiao
4335:(602–670)
4302:(580–640)
4206:LĂĽ Dongbin
4121:Mazu Daoyi
4103:Vajrabodhi
4001:Zhang Xuan
3850:Wei Yingwu
3754:Du Shenyan
3701:(733–804)
3686:(776–826)
3644:(596–667)
3604:Autumn Dew
3311:Chancellor
3282:Government
2998:Jan Lindhe
2923:Sinus lift
2853:Bone graft
2740:Ante's law
2679:Gingivitis
2649:Edentulism
2055:(1): 167.
1848:google.com
1826:GUM® Brand
1520:2021-05-08
1495:2009-05-20
1441:2016-01-23
1387:2013-05-03
1209:2008-04-12
1126:2020-08-22
1045:2020-08-22
879:2021-04-11
855:2019-08-17
762:References
640:toothpaste
579:≤ 0.6
502:See also:
400:cariogenic
372:, usually
340:The first
277:ShĹŤbĹŤgenzĹŤ
258:The first
254:Toothbrush
208:chew stick
179:Precursors
108:as well).
71:toothpaste
47:toothbrush
4389:(730–805)
4368:(683–727)
4317:(592-672)
4246:(574–648)
4238:(772–841)
4232:(768–824)
4177:(862–949)
4171:(807–869)
4159:(778–897)
4153:(770–860)
4147:(746–805)
4141:(745–827)
4135:(730–790)
4129:(720–814)
4123:(709–788)
4117:(705–774)
4111:(688–763)
4105:(671–741)
4099:(638–689)
4093:(635–713)
4087:(632–682)
4075:(613–681)
4069:(562–645)
4063:(549–623)
4027:(855–915)
4021:(832–912)
4015:(730–780)
4013:Zhou Fang
4009:(723–787)
4007:Han Huang
4003:(713–755)
3997:(706–783)
3985:(699–759)
3979:(680–760)
3973:(600–673)
3971:Yan Liben
3942:(840–868)
3940:Yu Xuanji
3930:(813–858)
3924:(812–866)
3918:(803–852)
3900:(790–817)
3888:(779–831)
3886:Yuan Zhen
3882:(773–819)
3876:(772–846)
3870:(772–842)
3864:(768–824)
3858:(739–799)
3852:(737–792)
3846:(722–789)
3840:(715–770)
3834:(712–779)
3828:(712–770)
3822:(709–785)
3816:(704–765)
3810:(701–762)
3804:(699–759)
3798:(698–756)
3792:(690–751)
3786:(689–740)
3780:(673–740)
3774:(659–744)
3768:(656–702)
3762:(650–676)
3756:(645–708)
3750:(619–684)
3722:(9th c.)
3716:(850–933)
3680:(751–762)
3665:(7th c.)
3659:(601–636)
3370:Shumiyuan
3195:Karakhoja
3134:History (
2803:Treatment
2785:Triclosan
2770:Mouthwash
2617:(amoebic)
2549:Infection
2496:Diagnoses
2479:Stippling
2123:1678-7757
1989:: 10–22.
1910:0970-9290
1719:1532-3382
1121:NDTV Food
1085:2249-782X
751:Mouthwash
411:Americans
212:toothpick
201:porcupine
195:, animal
168:horsehair
121:landfills
4362:(d. 682)
4347:Su Jing
4183:(9th c.)
4165:(8th c.)
4163:Zhisheng
4109:Jianzhen
4079:Xuanzang
4053:Buddhism
4045:Religion
4033:(9th c.)
4025:Jing Hao
3991:(7th c.)
3983:Wang Wei
3977:Wu Daozi
3963:Painters
3954:(9th c.)
3948:(9th c.)
3912:(8th c.)
3910:Zhang Xu
3906:(8th c.)
3894:(d. 784)
3874:Bai Juyi
3868:Liu Yuxi
3838:Cen Shen
3832:Zhang Ji
3802:Wang Wei
3355:Jiedushi
3350:Military
3257:Songping
3210:Conquest
3200:Karasahr
3136:Timeline
2941:Membrane
2760:Flossing
2745:Brushing
2654:Fremitus
2639:Calculus
2434:Cementum
2331:8 August
2325:Archived
2296:20722532
2253:19434767
2197:18228059
2141:19274390
2081:30340623
2030:16355646
2003:18715352
1961:24264376
1953:16907842
1918:31169149
1852:Archived
1830:Archived
1727:22726785
1669:24353078
1611:21985880
1570:21154357
1489:Archived
1435:Archived
1406:Archived
1381:Archived
1203:Archived
1103:25177629
986:Archived
950:Archived
827:Archived
804:Archived
778:Archived
740:See also
633:bathroom
415:Lemelson
404:sulcular
351:bacteria
193:feathers
137:recycled
87:dentists
67:bristles
4485:Brushes
4419:Liu Yan
4414:Diwu Qi
4407:Economy
4387:Jia Dan
4366:Yi Xing
4208:(796-?)
4073:Shandao
4067:Daochuo
4031:Sun Wei
4019:Guanxiu
3995:Han Gan
3936:(834-?)
3814:Gao Shi
3760:Wang Bo
3678:Du Huan
3642:Daoxuan
3635:Writers
3530:Culture
3326:Fanzhen
3289:Emperor
2936:Curette
2841:Surgery
2488:Disease
2444:Gingiva
2412:Anatomy
2244:2676420
2188:2238777
2132:4327581
2072:6194646
1561:8406707
1431:Chicago
1094:4149135
794:Cathy.
600:2.4–2.8
597:1.9–2.3
594:1.6–1.8
591:1.3–1.5
588:1.1–1.2
585:0.9–1.0
582:0.7–0.8
406:areas.
270:master
260:bristle
191:, bird
147:History
117:plastic
4230:Han Yu
4192:Taoism
4145:Huiguo
4133:Wukong
4091:Yijing
4061:Jizang
3862:Han Yu
3856:Lu Lun
3808:Li Bai
3663:Bianji
3547:Poetry
3542:Sancai
3128:topics
2951:Scaler
2932:Tools
2714:Plaque
2294:
2251:
2241:
2195:
2185:
2139:
2129:
2121:
2079:
2069:
2028:
2001:
1959:
1951:
1916:
1908:
1781:there.
1725:
1717:
1667:
1609:
1568:
1558:
1262:
1231:
1178:
1151:
1101:
1091:
1083:
978:
942:
906:
378:DuPont
342:patent
238:miswak
227:Yijing
113:bamboo
102:wooden
75:handle
63:tongue
61:, and
4254:Other
4236:Li Ao
4151:Puhua
4085:Kuiji
3916:Du Mu
3898:Li He
3892:Li Ye
3844:Li Bi
3826:Du Fu
3790:Li Qi
3740:Poets
3699:Lu Yu
3331:Hebei
3299:House
3252:Annan
3205:Kucha
2946:Probe
2632:Other
1979:(PDF)
1957:S2CID
1869:(PDF)
510:teeth
396:Reach
376:, by
374:nylon
317:with
282:China
272:DĹŤgen
247:datun
216:Sumer
197:bones
189:twigs
139:) or
129:nylon
80:floss
55:teeth
51:brush
4181:Gikū
4097:Faru
3294:List
2333:2014
2292:PMID
2249:PMID
2193:PMID
2137:PMID
2119:ISSN
2077:PMID
2026:PMID
1999:PMID
1949:PMID
1914:PMID
1906:ISSN
1754:ISO/
1723:PMID
1715:ISSN
1683:link
1665:PMID
1607:PMID
1566:PMID
1260:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1099:PMID
1081:ISSN
976:ISBN
940:ISBN
904:ISBN
347:boar
327:bone
323:salt
321:and
319:soot
242:Neem
199:and
166:The
106:mold
98:sink
59:gums
3537:Art
2284:doi
2239:PMC
2231:doi
2183:PMC
2175:doi
2127:PMC
2111:doi
2067:PMC
2057:doi
1991:doi
1941:doi
1896:doi
1756:DIS
1707:doi
1655:doi
1597:doi
1556:PMC
1548:doi
1089:PMC
1073:doi
529:ISO
419:MIT
315:rag
268:Zen
4451::
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