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340:, Llewellyn Lemont Loud (1879-1946), conducted archaeological excavations of the island in 1918 that showed evidence of habitation since around 900 CE. The group of artifacts he excavated and described became known as the Gunther Pattern or Gunther Phase which encompasses the final phase of native dominance lasting until historic times and describes a style of
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and primarily consists of tidal marsh. Over time, human habitation on the island changed its topography, in part due to a process known as shell mounding, which increased the elevation of the island as Wiyot continually placed shells remaining from subsistence fishery management in the same location
420:
On
December 5, 2018, the Eureka City Council voted unanimously to return the rest of the land to the Wiyot people. On October 21, 2019, the city deeded all its land on the island to the Wiyot people, which means that the Wiyot own most of the island. Duluwat Island's repatriation is believed to be
405:
Every year since 1992, the Wiyot people and supporters come to the island on the last
Saturday in February to heal the community, and remember the human lives lost at the time of the Massacre. Every year participation has increased at the vigil on a nearby island.
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The city of Eureka and the Wiyot Tribe have installed a temporary erosion control system to mitigate erosion on the site. Contamination from the shipyard activities will need to be cleaned up prior to the development of a new Wiyot dance facility.
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people, mainly women and children, were massacred while most of the men were away during a World
Renewal Ceremony. The massacre was carried out by European immigrants, who had settled in the area since 1850 as part of the
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Robert
Gunther acquired the island in 1860, three days before the massacre, giving it the name it had for much of recent history. Gunther diked the island and ran dairy cattle there for nearly 40 years.
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529:"Symposium: A New Look at some Old Sites, Papers from the Symposium Organized by Francis A. Riddell: Annual Meeting of the Society for California Archaeology, March 23-26, 1983, San Diego, California"
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and other archaeological remains which identify a second migration within
California around 300 CE. The first major evidence of this came from Gunther Island Site 67 on Indian Island.
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659:"The Humboldt Butchery of Indian Infants and Women-Jacob Elyea Hanged Bogus Mining Stories A Solid Ledge of Gold at Jacksonville Items About Town, & c."
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402:), which cross Humboldt Bay and now directly connect the city of Eureka with the peninsula. Two of these bridges have footings on Tuluwat Island.
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lived in
Tolowot village on Duluwat Island long enough to alter the topography by the accumulation of shell fragments in
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413:, transferred the area towards the Wiyot's goal to see the Wiyot dance the World Renewal ceremony again on the island.
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857:
Heizer, R.F.; A.B. Elsasser (1964). "The
Archaeology of Hum-67: The Gunther Island Site in Humboldt Bay, California".
77:
National
Register of Historic Places marker on Woodley Island in foreground, Tuluwat Island on other side of channel.
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The current island is about 280 acres (1,100,000 m) with about 40 acres (160,000 m) to the north-east of
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An aerial view of
Humboldt Bay taken from the southwest. Tuluwat Island can be seen on the top left, next to
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the first time for a U.S. municipality to return land to an
Indigenous community without strings attached.
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In June 2004, 67 acres (270,000 m) of land was repatriated back into Wiyot hands. The city of
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In the 1870s a shipyard repair facility was constructed. The shipyard operated until the 1980s.
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The island is the largest of three islands located between the Samoa and Eureka Channels within
807:"Indigenous people across the US want their land back -- and the movement is gaining momentum"
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333:, and the island became tall enough to be visible on the horizon from several miles away.
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861:. Berkeley, CA: Reports of the University of California Archaeological Survey: 5–122.
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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634:"The Wiyot Tribe Is Getting Its Land Back and Making California More Affordable"
348:
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Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in California
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17:
749:"Eureka City Council votes to return Indian Island to the Wiyot Tribe"
535:. Coyote Press Archives of California Prehistory: 49–54. 25 May 2011.
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
330:
285:
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National Register of Historic Places in Humboldt County, California
366:
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236:
840:
The Indian Island Cultural and Environmental Restoration Project
776:"Native American tribe regains island taken after 1860 massacre"
890:
473:"Indian Island Likely to Return to Wiyot Tribe Next Month"
441:
National Register Information System (April 15, 2008).
288:
at Gunther Island Site 67. Since October 21, 2019, the
608:"Coastal Healthy Forest Treatments Heritage Resources"
398:
built a series of bridges (known collectively as the
1325:
1304:
1278:
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970:
947:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
924:
581:"L.L. Loud and the Beginning of Nevada Archaeology"
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978:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
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27:Archaeological site in California, United States
1370:National Register of Historic Places portal
292:have had the land deed to most of the Island.
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918:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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336:A non-degree student and employee of the
51:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
365:On February 26, 1860, about two hundred
725:. National Park Service. Archived from
539:from the original on September 28, 2006
445:. National Park Service. Archived from
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1426:History of Humboldt County, California
1406:Islands of Humboldt County, California
875:
864:
817:from the original on February 17, 2021
699:from the original on November 10, 2011
587:from the original on September 8, 2011
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443:"National Register of Historic Places"
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1431:Native American history of California
786:from the original on October 22, 2019
7:
755:from the original on August 15, 2019
805:Kaur, Harmeet (November 26, 2020).
723:National Historic Landmarks Program
613:. Coastal Healthy Forest Treatments
1333:National Historic Preservation Act
471:Greenson, Thadeus (May 24, 2019).
272:was perpetrated in the village of
25:
719:"Tolowot, Gunther Island Site 67"
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483:from the original on May 1, 2021
312:and the rest to the south-west.
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632:Goodluck, Kalen (May 9, 2023).
606:Martinek, Gary (May 25, 2005).
579:Barker, Pat (January 4, 2011).
60:U.S. National Historic Landmark
1441:Islands of Northern California
1286:Federated States of Micronesia
932:Architectural style categories
583:. Online Nevada Encyclopedia.
203:
1:
129:Show map of the United States
527:Elsasser, Albert B. (1986).
374:. There were few survivors.
305:over a period of centuries.
197:280 acres (1,100,000 m)
32:United States historic place
1462:
1338:Historic Preservation Fund
1317:American Legation, Morocco
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310:California State Route 255
282:National Historic Landmark
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1279:Lists by associated state
202:NRHP reference
82:
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66:
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1260:Northern Mariana Islands
338:University of California
1255:Minor Outlying Islands
1238:Lists by insular areas
952:Keeper of the Register
874:Cite journal requires
560:Cite journal requires
246:
178:40.81000°N 124.17000°W
104:Show map of California
43:Gunther Island Site 67
1401:Islands of California
957:National Park Service
937:Contributing property
240:
1312:District of Columbia
751:. December 5, 2018.
372:California Gold Rush
183:40.81000; -124.17000
477:North Coast Journal
449:on December 4, 2010
378:European settlement
361:1860 Wiyot Massacre
270:1860 Wiyot Massacre
264:within the city of
228:Designated NHL
174: /
1421:Eureka, California
507:2011-06-06 at the
411:Eureka, California
280:on this island. A
266:Eureka, California
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151:Eureka, California
142:Address restricted
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942:Historic district
780:www.aljazeera.com
693:"Tuluwat Project"
345:projectile points
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215:Significant dates
16:(Redirected from
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668:. April 12, 1860
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845:Map of Island
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1184:South Dakota
1174:Rhode Island
1169:Pennsylvania
1149:North Dakota
867:cite journal
858:
819:. Retrieved
810:
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788:. Retrieved
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759:December 13,
757:. Retrieved
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727:the original
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553:cite journal
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447:the original
419:
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400:Samoa Bridge
393:
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307:
302:Humboldt Bay
299:
290:Wiyot people
277:
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262:Humboldt Bay
257:
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147:Nearest city
29:
1305:Other areas
1265:Puerto Rico
1099:Mississippi
1014:Connecticut
790:October 22,
543:February 7,
502:NHL Summary
349:grave goods
243:Daby Island
181: /
169:124°10′12″W
157:Coordinates
1395:Categories
1214:Washington
1134:New Mexico
1129:New Jersey
1004:California
425:References
390:Modern era
252:(formerly
166:40°48′36″N
1224:Wisconsin
1189:Tennessee
1094:Minnesota
1069:Louisiana
296:Geography
1380:Category
1209:Virginia
1159:Oklahoma
1139:New York
1114:Nebraska
1104:Missouri
1089:Michigan
1079:Maryland
1064:Kentucky
1044:Illinois
1019:Delaware
1009:Colorado
999:Arkansas
821:April 4,
815:Archived
784:Archived
753:Archived
697:Archived
585:Archived
537:Archived
505:Archived
481:Archived
453:March 3,
396:Caltrans
394:In 1971
209:66000208
139:Location
1326:Related
1229:Wyoming
1204:Vermont
1109:Montana
1049:Indiana
1029:Georgia
1024:Florida
994:Arizona
984:Alabama
643:May 11,
331:middens
316:History
278:Tuluwat
274:Tolowot
18:Tolowot
1164:Oregon
1119:Nevada
1059:Kansas
1034:Hawaii
989:Alaska
925:Topics
487:May 1,
286:midden
268:. The
1411:Wiyot
1296:Palau
1194:Texas
1074:Maine
1039:Idaho
662:(PDF)
638:Dwell
611:(PDF)
367:Wiyot
327:Wiyot
1250:Guam
1199:Utah
1154:Ohio
1054:Iowa
880:help
823:2021
792:2019
774:AP.
761:2018
735:2011
705:2011
674:2011
645:2023
619:2011
593:2011
566:help
545:2007
489:2021
455:2011
194:Area
811:CNN
276:or
256:or
204:No.
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