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506:, sent by the Valar; through entities in nature, such as eagles or mists; through dreams; through inspiration; and perhaps also through omens. Pezzini writes that Tolkien's approach, that "the gods' messages can be presented as warnings, and not threats or orders and, above all, that they can be ignored by non-divine characters are both unusual scenarios in classical epic". Further points of difference are that if the Valar choose to intervene, they usually do it overtly, unlike the classical gods; and they do so out of a "desire for fellowship" which is lacking in classical accounts. Pezzini comments, too, that divine inspiration is typically a good thing in Tolkien's writings and a bad thing in classical accounts.
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Angband, with the
Silmarils; and by getting Mandos to restore both of them to life. Stevens comments that in the original myth, Eurydice meets "a second death", soon followed by the griefstruck Orpheus, whereas Tolkien has LĂșthien and Beren enjoy "a second life". Stevens notes that Tolkien evidently agreed that this version, ending with a resurrection, embodied a "religious difference" from the Greek myth, as he had described this in one of his letters as "a kind of Orpheus-legend in reverse, but one of Pity not of Inexorability".
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1141:. Marco Cristini adds that both cities are fatally attacked during a feast; their heroes both leave their wives to fight, and both see their kings die. Cristini comments further that "The most evident analogy is perhaps the behaviour of Creusa and Idril, who clasp the knees of their husbands to prevent them from joining again the battle when all hope is lost." Scholars have noted that Tolkien himself drew classical parallels for the assault, writing that "Nor
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1115:'s betrayal of Gondolin, which ultimately led to its downfall and ruin. Conversely, Greenman notes that Idril's advice to enact a contingency plan for a secret escape route out of Gondolin was heeded by her people, unlike the warning of Cassandra; and that Idril had always rejected Maeglin's advances and remained faithful to Tuor, unlike Helen who left her husband King
2521:, not on some secular tradition of civilization. Burton comments that since the incarnation is situated in the classical world, that world "has a peculiar claim on our interest", but Tolkien was equally attracted to echoes of the story in other "mythical traditions". Garth, one of Tolkien's biographers, comments that Tolkien was seeking to create
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have had a powerful influence on the portrayal of the classical era in film. One effect, he argues, has been a focus on heroes of Greek mythology, with a move away from Rome, seen as a historical setting, towards Greece, seen as more mythical. Another effect is the addition of monsters; a third, the
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carried the Greeks into Troy, where they set fire to it, paralleled by the fire-serpents which carried "Balrogs in hundreds" into
Gondolin. Tolkien's serpents are matched by the great serpents with "burning eyes, fiery and suffused with blood, their tongues a-flicker out of hissing maws" which kill
1164:
reflects on what fiction is, and how he and Frodo are in a tale or will be put into one, to Virgil's account of Aeneas looking at his own tale: "There in order he sees the battles fought at Troy... 'Yes', he said, 'this tale will bring you some yet mysterious salvation'...heaving many a sigh... He
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us this corruption through the thoughts and actions of his characters". Plato argues that immoral life is no good as it corrupts one's soul. So, Katz states, according to Plato a moral person has peace and happiness, and would not use a Ring of Power. In Katz's view, Tolkien's story "demonstrate
1257:
Pippin gazed in growing wonder at the great stone city, vaster and more splendid than anything that he had dreamed of; greater and stronger than
Isengard, and far more beautiful. Yet it was in truth falling year by year into decay; and already it lacked half the men that could have dwelt at ease
1959:
Ben Eldon
Stevens maps out similar parallels, but adds that Tolkien's retelling contrasts sharply with the myth. Where Orpheus nearly manages to retrieve Eurydice from Hades, LĂșthien rescues Beren three times â from Sauron's fortress-prison of Tol-in-Gaurhoth, involving singing; from Morgoth's
782:
The commentator
Charles Delattre states that Tolkien's tale of NĂșmenor is a retelling of the myth of Atlantis, the only drowned island in ancient literature. Multiple details align: it began as a perfect world, geometrically laid out to reflect its balance and harmony; it abounds in valuable
461:
the Valar are, in fact, full-fledged epic gods: they speak, they suffer, they desire, they fight, and, above all, they deliberate on the fates of elves and humans (in councils in Homer and Virgil) and interact with them in order to bring about their providential plans (individual or
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Alexander Bruce writes that
Tolkien's tale parallels Virgil's account, but varies the story. Thus, Morgoth attacks while Gondolin's guard is lowered during a great feast, whereas the Trojans were celebrating the Greeks' apparent retreat, with the additional note of treachery. The
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that Gondor is distinctive in Middle-earth in having cities built of stone: "the only culture within historical memory that had made places like Minas Tirith was the Roman Empire." She comments that
Tolkien's account of Gondor can be seen as the decline and
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and his sons. Aeneas and his wife Creusa become separated during their escape; her ghost pleads with him to leave when he searches for her, and he travels to Italy; in contrast, Tuor and Idril escape to Sirion together, eventually sailing from there to
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1262:: names Pippin guessed of great men and kindreds that had once dwelt there; and yet now they were silent, and no footsteps rang on their wide pavements, nor voice was heard in their halls, nor any face looked out from door or empty window.
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Keen comments that four films set at least partly in Roman
Britain all make use of something much like Jackson-style "aerial footage, taken from helicopters, showing parties of characters striding across the landscape". These are the 2004
219:. This did not prevent him from making use of classical sources as well. The classical world has been defined as "the history, literature, myths, philosophy, and society of ancient Greece and Rome". It has been argued that since Tolkien's
2220:. Hamish Williams argues that Tolkien's ideas on Trolls shifted from Norse myth to Polyphemus-like monster as he came to see brute strength as the opposite of the civilized use of culture and magic, in the framework of likening
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and northern
European worlds", and that he repeatedly displays interest in "things associated with the Mediterranean but not distinctly 'classical'". A clear example is the Mediterranean vegetation of the southern province of
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to the humdrum life of Athens, is "unambiguously and intimately" linked to
Tolkien's NĂșmenor, since Tolkien made the comparison himself and actually wrote of "NĂșmenor-Atlantis" in his letters. He had considered using this in
1656:, begins virtuous but like Plato's Gyges is corrupted "by the temptation of power" from the Ring, even if he wants to use it for good, but redeems himself by defending the hobbits to his own death; the "strong and virtuous"
2502:. "Lily" has an Egyptian origin, and had arrived in England by the 10th century. Many of the plants are, Burton writes, familiar enough in northern Europe that they may "lose their foreign associations altogether."
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by training", is unable to treat classical Greece or Rome as "the fountainhead of Western civilization", since they are part of a Eurasian culture. Further, Tolkien's Catholicism leads him to focus on
2494:'s identification of the described landscape as Mediterranean: "Ithilien is Italy, as the name implies". All the same, Burton comments, many of the plant names, seemingly "a parade of Greek and Latin
294:. Clare sees Athenian decline as entailing a three-stage process, like that of NĂșmenor. Hamish Williams regards the narrative of decline and fall in NĂșmenor as a thought-experiment exercise recalling
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1011:, situated long after the events they narrate; both have "gods" (Tolkien's Valar) in the action; and both involve an escape. David Greenman compares the actions of Tolkien's quest-heroes to those of
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who is gradually corrupted, but is saved by his earlier mercy to Gollum, and Gollum's desperation for the Ring. Katz concludes that Tolkien's answer to Plato's "Why be moral?" is "to be yourself".
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Il est Ă©vident que dans ce cadre, NĂșmenor est une rĂ©Ă©criture de l'Atlantide, et la lecture du TimĂ©e et du Critias de Platon n'est pas nĂ©cessaire pour suggĂ©rer cette rĂ©fĂ©rence au lecteur de Tolkien
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various responses to the question posed by Plato: would a just person be corrupted by the possibility of almost unlimited power?" The question is answered in different ways: the monster
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1338:, but "with a happy ending", as it "somehow withstood the onslaught of armies from the east, and ... was restored to glory." She finds multiple likenesses between the cities.
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Michael Kleu writes that Tolkien made "playful use of Greek myths related to Atlas", possibly including pre-Platonic tradition. Kleu comments that the playfulness extends, in
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note parallels between Plato's and Tolkien's rings. De Armas suggests that both Bilbo and Gyges, going into deep dark places to find hidden treasure, may have "undergone a
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is thrown down from Troy's walls. Tolkien changes the outcome: EĂ€rendil resists, and Tuor appears just in time to rescue him by throwing Maeglin from the walls instead.
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2602:. Further, its battles make use of "wide aerial pans of CGI armies" and "an assault upon a defended wall", like Jackson's portrayal of the Battle of Helm's Deep.
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850:, to making Plato's 2,000 year old version derive from the "real" Downfall of NĂșmenor, which in Tolkien's chronology took place some 7,000 years before Plato.
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Ithilien, the garden of Gondor now desolate kept still a dishevelled dryad loveliness. Many great trees grew there, ... and groves and thickets there were of
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Just as with the interactions of the classical gods with mortals, the Valar's interactions with Middle-earth can take multiple forms: direct appearances or
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2092:, and the "clashing gate" when the Fellowship pass through the Doors of Durin, only to have the Watcher smash the rocks behind them, to Greek mythology's
2646:. He suggests in addition that such films have taken on some of Jackson's tropes, such as that the story should be somewhat mythological or fantastical.
2498:", actually "point beyond the strictly 'classical'." Thus, the -nth- element in "terebinth" and "hyacinth" has been claimed to precede Greek, coming from
1771:, or rather between both Beren and LĂșthien and the classical character, as it is LĂșthien not Beren who has magical powers, and far from playing a passive
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775:"the Downfallen"; Tolkien described his invention of this additional allusion to Atlantis as a happy accident when he realized that the Quenya root
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s key ingredient was the political connection "between the recovery of the main character's beloved and the return to royal responsibility."
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Less Consciously at First but More Consciously in the Revision: Plato's Ring as a Putative Source of Inspiration for Tolkien's Ring of Power
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figure ... overreacher whose excess is punished, yet whose accomplishments succeed in bringing ... a spark which can elevate humankind".
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who in a moment of need faithfully uses the ring, but is not seduced by its vision of "Samwise the Strong, Hero of the Age"; and finally
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imitation of Jackson's battle scenes; and a fourth, the use of Jackson's stars in films of the classical world. Keen sees the 2004 film
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Parker, Victor (2022). "Tolkien and the Classical World ed. by Hamish Williams, and: Tolkien and the Classics ed. by Roberto Arduini".
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from its First Age "filled with Joy and Light" down to its "Twilight" Third Age as echoing the classical theme of decline from the
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Ford, Judy Ann (2005). "The White City: The Lord of the Rings as an Early Medieval Myth of the Restoration of the Roman Empire".
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1111:: like the prophetess, Idril had a premonition of impending danger and like Helen, her beauty played a major role in instigating
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3019:. 15 There and Back Again: Tolkien and the GrecoâRoman World (volume editors Alicia Matz and Maciej Paprocki). Article 213.
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have been linked by scholars, and by Tolkien himself. The suggested influences include the pervasive classical themes of
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2529:, still less the East", and that in doing this he managed to "borrow classical ideas without borrowing the atmosphere."
2386:, and many herbs of forms and scents beyond the garden-lore of Sam. The grots and rocky walls were already starred with
2081:" which retells Livy's tale, though Oughton suggests that Tolkien did make additional use of Macaulay for some details.
316:
3326:"Aeneidic and Odyssean Patterns of Escape and Release in Tolkien's 'The Fall of Gondolin' and 'The Return of the King'"
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30:
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Matz, Alicia; Paprocki, Maciej, eds. (2022). "There and Back Again: Tolkien and the Greco-Roman World (whole issue)".
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there. In every street they passed some great house or court over whose door and arched gates were carved many fair
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1288:, their founders the NĂșmenĂłreans arrived "from across the sea", and that Prince Imrahil's armour with a "burnished
3949:. 15 There and Back Again: Tolkien and the GrecoâRoman World (eds. Alicia Matz and Maciej Paprocki). Article 223.
2983:: Vol. 15 (2022): There and Back Again: Tolkien and the GrecoâRoman World (eds. Alicia Matz and Maciej Paprocki).
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The use of monsters, too, has become available to film directors; Keen mentions the "Immortals" in the 2006 film
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of huge girth stood dark and solemn in wide glades ... and there were acres populous with the leaves of woodland
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2659:", while its "Uber Immortal", a departure from the comic on which the film was based, reminds him of Jackson's
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aspects of Tolkien's works, concludes that Tolkien appears consistently to stress "underlying oneness of the
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at the bridge. Oughton finds multiple matches between the two accounts. Several of these are not present in
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The classical scholar Giuseppe Pezzini writes that "narratives of decline" are common in the literature of
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An arctic continent at the north pole, shielded by a ring of mountains, in this 1623 map, like the Greek
1316:, from NĂșmenor, both survive the destruction of their home countries; Aeneas's descendants, the brothers
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164:. This in turn influenced the portrayal of the classical world in several later films, such as the 2004
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4009:(contains 4 essays on "Tolkien and Authors from Antiquity", also covers medieval and modern "classics")
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3648:. 15 There and Back Again: Tolkien and the GrecoâRoman World (eds. Alicia Matz and Maciej Paprocki).
3550:. 15 There and Back Again: Tolkien and the GrecoâRoman World (eds. Alicia Matz and Maciej Paprocki).
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This article is about uses of classical themes in Tolkien's fiction. For the book on this theme, see
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Rogers, Jennifer (2022). "The Year's Work in Tolkien Studies 2019: General Criticism: Other Works".
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835:'s 1669 map (here, inverted to place North at the top) places Atlantis between America and Europe (
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2162:, and accordingly arouses "strong emotional responses of pity and shock". Aristotle's elements of
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may be defeated, but that will entail the fading and departure of the Elves, leaving the world to
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Thersites. Journal for Transcultural Presences & Diachronic Identities from Antiquity to Date
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Antony Keen, an author on the reception of the classics in film and science fiction, writes that
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274:. Ross Clare analyses how Tolkien's chronicles of the decline and fall of his island paradise of
1660:, who sees clearly what she would become if she accepted the ring, and rejects it; the immortal
3443:
de Armas, Frederick A. (1994). "Gyges' Ring: Invisibility in Plato, Tolkien and Lope de Vega".
323:, into progressively smaller parts; the fragmentation of languages and peoples, especially the
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3875:'Eastwards and Southwards': Philological and Historical Perspectives on Tolkien and Classicism
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Horror and Fury: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Children of HĂșrin and the Aristotelian Theory of Tragedy
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Newman, J. K. (2005). "J.R.R. Tolkien's 'The Lord of the Rings': A Classical Perspective".
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According to Philip Burton, Tolkien's Ithilien has Mediterranean and Classical connections.
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Minas Tirith's towering stone hall of Ecthelion has been compared to Ravenna's 6th century
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descending to the underworld. Other possible connections have been suggested by scholars.
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2137:. In both, a golden prize is taken; in both, there are evil consequences â Elendil's son
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in Middle-earth; and both Gondor and Rome experienced lengthy "decadence and decline".
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Giant, Solitary, and Anarchist. The Trolls in The Hobbit and Polyphemus in the Odyssey
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1523:
1515:
1431:
1405:
1104:
784:
154:
6460:
3013:"(Classical) Narratives of Decline in Tolkien: Renewal, Accommodation, Focalisation"
2141:
is betrayed and the Ring is lost, leading to the War of the Ring and Frodo's quest;
1775:, she too goes to sing for Mandos, the Vala who watches over the souls of the dead.
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1661:
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1350:
1335:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1128:
338:, and followed by the destruction of the two Lamps of Middle-earth and then of the
320:
210:
124:
116:
76:
35:
647:
4321:
3954:
3653:
3555:
3246:
Plato's Atlantis and the Post-Platonic Tradition in Tolkien's Downfall of NĂșmenor
3024:
2988:
1308:, she and other scholars suggest that possibly the strongest likenesses are with
1157:
that is greatest among Men, saw such terror as fell that day upon Amon Gwareth".
7572:
7555:
7306:
7008:
7003:
6981:
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4121:
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or emotional appeal are all present, confirming that the tale is indeed tragic.
2170:
1008:
410:
299:
196:
192:
188:
166:
146:, not of Italy. Scholars have noted aspects of his work, such as the plants of
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7351:
7198:
7059:
6915:
5790:
5764:
5300:
5114:
5061:
4459:
4298:
4205:
3990:
3292:"The Fall of Gondolin and the Fall of Troy: Tolkien and Book II of the Aeneid"
3133:
3100:
2660:
2651:
2526:
2407:
2268:
2213:
2195:
2164:
2123:
2097:
2013:
1945:
1738:
1133:
1108:
808:
744:
343:
287:
275:
271:
104:
55:
4361:
3803:
3525:
3325:
3222:
1664:, exempt from the Ring's corrupting power and from its gift of invisibility;
1296:. Against this theory, she notes Tolkien's direction of readers to Egypt and
7827:
7623:
7208:
7203:
7154:
6954:
6942:
6910:
6808:
5241:
5189:
5179:
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5066:
5051:
5036:
4991:
4981:
2887:
2387:
2351:
2326:
2153:
2109:
1974:
1859:
1728:
1657:
1538:
1483:
1297:
1232:
1169:
1100:
795:
of Plato's Atlantis; and its downfall recalls the destruction of Atlantis.
536:
499:
291:
283:
7096:
4976:
4173:
3366:
2541:
2276:
2191:
2119:
723:
To protect humble mortals, so as to fulfil the design of "the Valar, under
3840:
3795:
3414:
2198:, protected "at the back of the north wind behind a huge mountain range".
1284:, discusses the real-world prototypes of Gondor. She writes that like the
854:
Michael Kleu's analysis of parallels between Plato's Atlantis and NĂșmenor
510:
Giuseppe Pezzini's analysis of covert divine intervention in Middle-earth
7364:
7321:
7257:
7237:
7054:
7049:
7031:
6920:
6861:
6428:
6333:
5714:
5320:
5234:
5164:
5149:
5134:
4996:
4886:
3971:
Arduini, Roberto; Canzonieri, Giampaolo; Testi, Claudio A., eds. (2019).
3330:
3296:
3213:
3138:
3105:
2499:
2447:
2419:
2379:
2339:
2210:
2101:
2062:
2009:
1893:
1847:
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1527:
1519:
1503:
1479:
1410:
1305:
1289:
1236:
1187:
1116:
1072:
1016:
988:
901:
828:
759:
612:
601:
572:
355:
346:. Tolkien's use of the theme cannot be said to be exclusively classical;
147:
128:
100:
6164:
4111:
3504:"The Rings of Tolkien and Plato: Lessons in Power, Choice, and Morality"
3458:
3118:
2562:. The actor appeared again as "an accomplished archer" in the 2004 film
642:, but always covertly. Pezzini takes the example of the wounding of the
425:
to their poems in one of his letters. He notes that Tolkien likened his
8025:
7907:
7301:
7213:
7036:
7026:
7013:
6937:
6866:
6856:
6435:
5369:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5214:
5194:
5119:
5076:
5056:
5021:
5016:
5001:
4971:
4702:
2595:
2549:
2399:
2395:
2383:
2363:
2347:
2272:
2138:
2005:
1790:
1768:
1707:
1649:
1441:
1366:
1313:
1285:
1259:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1112:
932:
928:
503:
442:
383:
205:
136:
51:
4127:
The Road to Middle-Earth: How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology
3178:
The Gods in (Tolkien's) Epic: Classical Patterns of Divine Interaction
2883:
The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment
2012:
from Hades, only for her to die a second death. In Tolkien's version,
305:
Tolkien built a process of decline and fall in Middle-earth into both
7247:
7222:
7118:
7091:
7021:
6961:
6930:
6846:
6841:
6423:
5364:
5315:
5169:
5139:
5081:
5071:
5046:
4908:
4891:
4835:
4076:
The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien: The Places that Inspired Middle-earth
3672:"Hell and the City: Tolkien and the Traditions of Western Literature"
2378:
of many kinds putting forth blue flowers, or red, or pale green; and
2375:
2367:
2359:
2330:
2176:
2105:
1951:
1842:
1645:
1613:
1355:
1250:
1203:
1183:
1168:
Tolkien appears to have based one scene on another classical source,
1082:
1049:
1012:
1003:
925:
908:
792:
768:
666:
618:
597:
545:
520:
449:â though with definite differences. In particular, in his early work
418:
359:
335:
259:
120:
39:
3618:"Tolkien annotated map of Middle-earth acquired by Bodleian library"
453:
he equated the classical gods to the Valar. Pezzini writes that in
7227:
6998:
6925:
6833:
5359:
5144:
4918:
4864:
4847:
4830:
2540:
2532:
2504:
2487:
2462:
2443:
2439:
2403:
2391:
2371:
2355:
2244:
2142:
2130:
2129:
Newman compares the myth of Elendil and the defeat of Sauron with
2031:
2017:
1890:
1689:
1553:
1545:
Frederick A. de Armas's comparison of Plato's and Tolkien's rings
1436:
1024:
941:
749:
414:
401:
Pezzini further states that the pattern of divine intervention in
332:
295:
150:, which are clearly Mediterranean but not specifically classical.
29:
2490:(tree-nymphs) is "certainly ... strikingly classical", and cites
2042:'s war elephants in his 3rd century BC invasion of ancient Rome.
1779:
Peter Astrup Sundt's parallels between Beren/LĂșthien and Orpheus
687:
GrishnĂĄkh is wounded by an arrow; he is then killed with a spear
203:
and Northern Europe. His professional knowledge of works such as
7128:
2634:-style non-verbal singing", which Keen supposes is imitative of
2411:
2292:
2050:
1980:
1212:
1165:
even recognised himself in the melee with the Greek champions."
1154:
1150:
1053:
998:
583:
550:
429:
to "the gods of 'traditional' 'higher' mythology" â meaning, as
263:
108:
43:
7466:
6168:
4372:
4368:
3508:
The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy: One Book to Rule Them All
302:, moderation, piety, etc.) are emphasized through their loss.
7674:
7662:
7113:
6949:
4935:
4903:
2656:
2568:, one of several classical world films influenced by Jackson.
1726:
Elena Capra writes that Tolkien made use of the medieval poem
643:
298:'s philosophical arguments, where certain virtues and ideals (
18:
Relationship between Tolkien's fiction and the classical world
968:
Moral decay and arrogance leads to destruction of the island
6153:
The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
1518:
that gave its owner the power of invisibility, as Tolkien's
892:
A mountain at the island's centre, with a temple at its top
884:"extraordinary fruitful and rich in resources and wildlife"
650:
by a fateful arrow in the dark, soon followed by his death.
3593:
Middle-earth as Underworld: From Katabasis to Eucatastrophe
3079:
3077:
2525:
which would be "redolent of our 'air' ... not Italy or the
2152:, often vaguely described as "tragic", fits the pattern of
1312:. She identifies several parallels: Aeneas, from Troy, and
611:
Mercury appears to Aeneas in a dream, telling him to leave
382:
Decline and fall: the shattered ruins of the Roman city at
2598:
for Jackson, appearing again as "an accomplished archer",
2481:
Asphodel, one of the Mediterranean herbs found in Ithilien
2069:
hold off the army of Orcs; Horatius holds off the army of
779:"to fall" could be incorporated into a name for NĂșmenor.
315:. The pattern is expressed in several ways, including the
75:
derived the characters, stories, places, and languages of
2016:
plays Orpheus rather than Eurydice, three times rescuing
654:
Giuseppe Pezzini's analysis of a divine intervention in
4048:
Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World
3911:
3909:
3768:
3744:
3742:
960:
Greatest maritime power, conquering lands to the east
227:, he needed a classical setting to provide a suitable
3574:
Orpheus and Eurydice in Tolkien's Orphic Middle-earth
3040:
Greek and Roman Historiographies in Tolkien's NĂșmenor
2315:
Ithilien: Mediterranean but not necessarily classical
2088:
compares the combination of a tentacled monster, the
1767:
Peter Astrup Sundt draws parallels between Beren and
1046:
Escape from wreck of a kingdom, creation of a new one
791:. NĂșmenor's pride, too, writes Delattre, matches the
2933:
2931:
2779:, letter 257 to Christopher Bretherton, 16 July 1964
2190:
of Valinor, shielded by the mountainous wall of the
8388:
8356:
8307:
8266:
8177:
7964:
7933:
7883:
7837:
7803:
7760:
7717:
7708:
7649:
7591:
7564:
7514:
7479:
7341:
7294:
7268:
7181:
7172:
7142:
7077:
6877:
6832:
6823:
6740:
6665:
6497:
6379:
6370:
6227:
5986:
5929:
5862:
5783:
5700:
5691:
5657:
5570:
5380:
5271:
5264:
5207:
5097:
4949:
4811:
4800:
4755:
4642:
4633:
4540:
4448:
4441:
2744:
2742:
1648:is weak, quickly corrupted, and finally destroyed;
350:shares the sense of impending destruction found in
153:Tolkien's fiction was brought to a new audience by
3197:"NĂșmenor et l'Atlantide: Une Ă©criture en hĂ©ritage"
2414:-flowers nodded their half-opened heads ... Great
1107:, two prominent female figures in accounts of the
421:, in 1st century BC Rome; Tolkien directly linked
331:; the successive falls, starting with that of the
3367:"The Decline and Fall of the Osgiliathian Empire"
2864:
2862:
1635:The Tolkien scholar Eric Katz writes that "Plato
266:. Pezzini sees the decline of Tolkien's world of
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
1486:contrasts with Gondor's siege and rescue in the
629:Jupiter inspires Dido to be hospitable to Aeneas
489:and act in Middle-earth through what appears as
366:, to industrialise and to pollute, however much
3890:
3888:
3722:
3720:
3700:Clearly Charybdis is yet another route to hell.
3635:
3633:
3608:
3606:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
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3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
2966:
2964:
2962:
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2344:
1255:
459:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
1639:that such corruption will occur, but Tolkien
1541:", a psychological journey to the Underworld.
1342:Judy Ann Ford's comparison of Gondor and Rome
1206:'s great serpents that kill the Trojan priest
632:Ulmo inspires Tuor to leave his father's land
8445:Classical antiquity in modern art and culture
6180:
4384:
3567:
3565:
3537:
3535:
3506:. In Bassham, Gregory; Bronson, Eric (eds.).
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
976:Fleet sinks, soldiers swallowed by the earth
701:"it was aimed with skill, or guided by fate"
8:
6104:Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings
3936:
3934:
3932:
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3928:
3926:
3924:
3497:
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3491:
3489:
3487:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3239:
3237:
3235:
2835:, book 4, ch. 7 "Journey to the Cross-roads"
6062:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
2973:"The Fall of Two Cities: Troy and Gondolin"
1578:Invisibility, and corruption of the wearer
783:minerals; and it has unmatched power, with
767:. The destruction of NĂșmenor earned it the
195:interested in language and poetry from the
8174:
7768:
7714:
7463:
7178:
6829:
6376:
6187:
6173:
6165:
5697:
5268:
4808:
4639:
4445:
4391:
4377:
4369:
4311:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4003:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2630:. The films also use "a certain degree of
2156:'s theory of tragedy, as described in his
1618:uses it to escape danger (a good purpose)
1202:Tolkien's fire-serpents are paralleled by
698:"unknown what chance or what god" (12.321)
568:Jupiter sends orders to Aeneas via Mercury
3212:
2910:
2844:
2820:
2776:
2748:
2721:
2255:'s war elephants in his invasion of Rome.
876:In the ocean to the west of Middle-earth
6097:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'
6048:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide
5974:Things named after Tolkien and his works
3880:
3734:
3598:
3579:
3479:
3251:
3183:
3056:
3045:
2949:
2823:, #153, September 1954 to Peter Hastings
2804:
2724:, #156 to Robert Murray, 4 November 1954
2295:'s tale of the heroic bridge defence by
2038:in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields to
2020:, and they enjoy a second life together.
1874:the "perilous, terrible, forbidden" city
1777:
1543:
1340:
1023:David Greenman's analysis of classical "
1021:
852:
652:
508:
502:; through messengers such as the Wizard
280:classical frameworks of decline and fall
142:Tolkien stated that he wanted to create
8372:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game
6041:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
3711:
3083:
3068:
2922:
2858:
2832:
2788:
2760:
2733:
2705:
2698:
2425:
2233:
2148:Julian Eilmann argues that the tale of
1962:
1745:s Elvish kingdom, and for his story in
1674:
1448:
1235:' account of the throwing of the young
1192:
1160:J. K. Newman likens the scene in which
807:Map of Arda in the Second Age, showing
797:
465:
372:
258:. This is seen in the writings of both
187:was a scholar of English literature, a
8284:The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game
6472:The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
4304:
3996:
3348:
3101:"J.R.R. Tolkien and the Journey North"
2937:
2751:, letters 131, 154, 154, 156, 227, 252
2174:or moments of critical discovery, and
1069:Return to ravaged home, scour it clean
785:a strong fleet able to project control
758:, from the "decadent magnificence" of
25:Tolkien and the Classical World (book)
4323:Tolkien's Utopianism and the Classics
3915:
3748:
2559:The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
2227:"hospitality journey" to that of the
1607:becomes King of Lydia (a bad purpose)
1402:Southern rivals who use war-elephants
1397:The towering stone Hall of Ecthelion
1260:letters of strange and ancient shapes
1178:. Maeglin tries to throw Idril's son
752:'s 4th century BC tale of decline in
7:
8379:The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game
4713:The History of The Lord of the Rings
3769:Arduini, Canzonieri & Testi 2019
3446:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
1736:but transposed to England, both for
811:in the Great Sea, Belegaer, between
119:-like stone city of Minas Tirith in
7602:Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings
3353:Aeneid 1. 456â458, 463â465, 488â489
2847:, #131 to Milton Waldman, late 1951
2461:Ithilien is said to be home to the
1231:from the city walls contrasts with
993:Tolkien scholars have compared the
8365:Middle-earth Collectible Card Game
6125:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History
5999:The Complete Guide to Middle-earth
4258:. Boston, New York, & London:
2486:Burton grants that the mention of
2084:The scholar of English literature
1227:Maeglin's failed attempt to throw
873:In the ocean to the west of Europe
14:
8397:Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game
8327:Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith
6090:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth
3900:The Victorians and Ancient Greece
2468:a tree of the Mediterranean basin
2427:Resemblances of Ithilien to Italy
2104:'s passage between the devouring
2045:Charles Oughton likens Tolkien's
1732:, based on the classical tale of
1383:Seven walls of indomitable stone
1300:. Recalling that Tolkien located
1281:The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
6361:
4689:The Lost Road and Other Writings
3902:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 49.
3195:Delattre, Charles (March 2007).
3134:"The Lord of the Rings as Elegy"
2594:, who had played the Elf-archer
2474:
2454:
2431:
2284:
2260:
2236:
1997:
1965:
1677:
1467:
1451:
1220:
1195:
1095:Greenman compares and contrasts
820:
800:
468:
417:, in 8th century BC Greece, and
375:
282:, as provided by the historians
246:Decline and fall in Middle-earth
144:a mythology evocative of England
131:; and the echoes of the tale of
97:decline and fall in Middle-earth
8430:Themes of The Lord of the Rings
7411:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
6006:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
5883:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
5605:Finnish language and literature
4575:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
4280:Tolkien and the Classical World
4019:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
2513:In Burton's view, Tolkien, "an
1972:Tolkien used the medieval poem
1753:. That in turn influenced his "
1610:Bilbo puts ring on by accident,
1522:did. In so doing, it created a
1372:From Osgiliath to Minas Tirith
582:Juno arranges a storm to bring
89:Tolkien and the classical world
8440:Influences on J. R. R. Tolkien
8096:The Battle for Middle-earth II
7857:Peter Jackson's interpretation
7359:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
6512:Ancestry as guide to character
6146:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien
6118:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
5395:Ancestry as guide to character
4531:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
4277:Williams, Hamish, ed. (2021).
4021:: Revised and Expanded Edition
3642:"Roman Heroes at Helm's Deep?"
2736:, book 3, ch. 3 "The Uruk-hai"
1498:The One RingâThe Ring of Gyges
1270:, book 5, ch. 1 "Minas Tirith"
1153:, nor all the many takings of
1075:on his long-delayed return to
342:, and the cataclysmic fall of
278:might have been influenced by
229:impression of historical depth
213:, including his fantasy novel
209:shaped his fictional world of
1:
8291:The One Ring Roleplaying Game
6286:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
6055:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
4519:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
3510:. Open Court. pp. 5â20.
3201:Revue de littérature comparée
2168:or reverse of circumstances,
1488:battle of the Pelennor Fields
684:Aeneas is wounded by an arrow
638:The Valar intervene, too, in
397:Luck and fate in Middle-earth
103:-like lost island kingdom of
8180:The Lord of the Rings Online
3955:10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15.223
3654:10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15.214
3640:Oughton, Charles W. (2022).
3556:10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15.209
3290:Bruce, Alexander M. (2012).
3025:10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15.213
2989:10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15.200
2537:on cinematic Greece and Rome
2061:bridge. The heroes Aragorn,
2057:'s heroic defence of Rome's
1984:In Inglond an heiÈe lording"
1831:Repeated calling of her name
1492:Rome "with a happy ending".
1417:Devastating disease outbreak
1182:from the city wall, just as
827:Tolkien wrote of NĂșmenor as
787:far beyond its shores, like
518:Classical examples from the
8082:The Battle for Middle-earth
7989:Game Two: Shadows of Mordor
7418:The History of Middle-earth
6351:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
5578:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
4746:The Peoples of Middle-earth
4681:The Shaping of Middle-earth
3542:Capra, Elena Sofia (2022).
2590:as an early instance, with
2201:Gloria Larini compares the
2194:, to the Greek paradise of
1629:Bilbo emerges strengthened
1380:Walled city, built of stone
526:Middle-earth examples from
441:, or to an extent also the
8461:
8404:Lego The Lord of the Rings
8298:Adventures in Middle-earth
8133:Lego The Lord of the Rings
8103:The Rise of the Witch-king
8040:The Fellowship of the Ring
7777:The Fellowship of the Ring
7453:The Nature of Middle-earth
7329:List of weapons and armour
6239:The Fellowship of the Ring
5252:List of weapons and armour
4785:The Nature of Middle-earth
4475:The Fellowship of the Ring
4155:The Fellowship of the Ring
4100:Illinois Classical Studies
4081:Frances Lincoln Publishers
3011:Pezzini, Giuseppe (2022).
2318:
2145:murders Jason's children.
1935:Pleads for return of lover
1814:Desperate search for lover
1719:
1595:finds ring in a deep cave
1589:finds ring in a deep chasm
1501:
1362:Capital moved under threat
1248:
986:
975:
967:
959:
891:
883:
742:
596:, King of Eagles, to help
579:Through entities in nature
394:
368:Tolkien regretted the fact
243:
177:
22:
8277:Middle-earth Role Playing
8140:Guardians of Middle-earth
7771:
7462:
7432:The History of The Hobbit
6359:
6279:The Scouring of the Shire
6204:
6139:Tolkien and the Great War
5947:Works inspired by Tolkien
5851:Nightfall in Middle-Earth
5666:The Atlas of Middle-earth
4770:The History of The Hobbit
4512:The Scouring of the Shire
4406:
4320:Williams, Hamish (2023).
2870:Straubhaar, Sandra Ballif
2374:that grew in bushes, ...
2325:Philip Burton, examining
2075:Thomas Babington Macaulay
1990:Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
1755:Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
1716:Beren and LĂșthienâOrpheus
1603:Gyges ravishes the Queen,
1087:The Scouring of the Shire
356:even the gods will perish
319:provided by the Creator,
62:Aeneas Flees Burning Troy
6076:The Road to Middle-Earth
5942:Middle-earth Enterprises
4588:The three "Great Tales"
4362:10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15
3973:Tolkien and the Classics
3365:Allan, James D. (1974).
3324:Greenman, David (1992).
3132:Hannon, Patrice (2004).
2971:Cristini, Marco (2022).
2683:Tolkien's modern sources
2533:The effect of Jackson's
2446:, in his description of
2096:near the opening of the
1292:" recalls late-medieval
1276:Sandra Ballif Straubhaar
1099:'s part in the story to
944:, descendant of immortal
571:Ulmo sends Tuor to warn
451:The Cottage of Lost Play
317:splintering of the light
8033:Vol. II: The Two Towers
7750:The War of the Rohirrim
7551:Margrethe II of Denmark
6722:A mythology for England
5897:An Evening in Rivendell
5770:Margrethe II of Denmark
5649:A mythology for England
2523:a mythology for England
2303:'s version in his 1842
2004:In the classical myth,
1981:
1884:Magical, musical mother
1865:descent into underworld
1838:Eurydicen ... Eurydicen
1514:tells the story of the
1239:from the walls of Troy.
1052:, escaping the ruin of
99:; the splendour of the
8054:The Return of the King
7793:The Return of the King
7738:The Return of the King
7638:The Battle of Evermore
6622:Psychological journeys
6265:The Shadow of the Past
6253:The Return of the King
6020:Master of Middle-Earth
5542:Psychological journeys
5106:First and Second Ages
4958:First and Second Ages
4720:The Notion Club Papers
4658:The Book of Lost Tales
4505:The Return of the King
4482:The Shadow of the Past
4326:. London: Bloomsbury.
3351:, p. 232, citing
2809:The Shadow of the Past
2793:The Notion Club Papers
2673:Tolkien and the Celtic
2569:
2510:
2424:
2321:Plants in Middle-earth
1460:Basilica of San Vitale
1393:Basilica of San Vitale
1327:Judy Ann Ford adds in
1264:
847:The Notion Club Papers
617:Ulmo warns Turgon and
464:
329:split into many groups
127:with parallels to the
69:
7726:The Lord of the Rings
7690:The Lord of the Rings
7670:The Lord of the Rings
7658:The Lord of the Rings
7611:The Lord of the Rings
7524:A Map of Middle-earth
7425:The Children of HĂșrin
7383:The Road Goes Ever On
6527:Death and immortality
6477:The Road Goes Ever On
6454:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
6272:The Council of Elrond
6217:The Lord of the Rings
6197:The Lord of the Rings
6132:Tolkien's Legendarium
5876:The Road Goes Ever On
5818:The Lord of the Rings
5803:The Lord of the Rings
5679:A Map of Middle-earth
5422:Death and immortality
5225:Red Book of Westmarch
4738:The War of the Jewels
4673:The Lays of Beleriand
4594:The Children of HĂșrin
4489:The Council of Elrond
4468:The Lord of the Rings
4193:The Lord of the Rings
4161:The Lord of the Rings
3941:Keen, Antony (2022).
3841:10.1353/tks.2022.0025
3796:10.1353/tks.2022.0020
3572:Sundt, Peter Astrup.
3544:""Orfeo out of Care""
3415:10.1353/tks.2005.0016
2678:Tolkien and the Norse
2642:The Lord of the Rings
2580:The Lord of the Rings
2544:
2535:The Lord of the Rings
2508:
2319:Further information:
2299:, perhaps partly via
2047:Battle of Helm's Deep
1720:Further information:
1535:Frederick A. de Armas
1502:Further information:
1268:The Lord of the Rings
1249:Further information:
1119:of Sparta for Prince
1039:The Lord of the Rings
987:Further information:
743:Further information:
674:The Lord of the Rings
656:The Lord of the Rings
640:The Lord of the Rings
423:The Lord of the Rings
407:The Lord of the Rings
395:Further information:
348:The Lord of the Rings
313:The Lord of the Rings
221:mythology for England
216:The Lord of the Rings
199:, especially that of
161:The Lord of the Rings
48:Tolkien's legendarium
33:
7975:Journey to Rivendell
7682:Hordes of the Things
7446:The Fall of Gondolin
7134:Watcher in the Water
7102:Witch-king of Angmar
6299:List of translations
5911:At Dawn in Rivendell
5904:A Night in Rivendell
5891:The Tolkien Ensemble
5725:Brothers Hildebrandt
5247:Two Trees of Valinor
4610:The Fall of Gondolin
3688:. pp. 121â122.
3591:Stevens, Ben Eldon.
3214:10.3917/rlc.323.0303
2890:. pp. 248â249.
2878:Drout, Michael D. C.
2519:Christ's incarnation
2306:Lays of Ancient Rome
2291:Tolkien made use of
2243:Tolkien related the
2090:Watcher in the Water
2030:Tolkien related the
1757:". In Capra's view,
1734:Orpheus and Eurydice
1208:Laocoön and his sons
1149:, nor the towers of
1035:Classical quest-hero
340:Two Trees of Valinor
42:escapes the ruin of
8435:Middle-earth themes
7996:War in Middle Earth
7942:The Hunt for Gollum
7496:The Last Ringbearer
6782:Narrative structure
6777:Impression of depth
6394:Company of the Ring
5415:Round World dilemma
4967:EĂ€rendil and Elwing
4620:The Fall of NĂșmenor
4250:Christopher Tolkien
4218:Christopher Tolkien
4014:Carpenter, Humphrey
3877:. pp. 273â304.
3731:. pp. 247â268.
3595:. pp. 113â114.
3576:. pp. 165â189.
3502:Katz, Eric (2003).
3476:. pp. 217â246.
3371:Mythcon Proceedings
3248:. pp. 193â215.
3176:Pezzini, Giuseppe.
2925:, pp. 146â149.
2438:Tolkien alludes to
1834:Tinuviel! Tinuviel!
1780:
1546:
1533:Scholars including
1476:410 AD sack of Rome
1430:Language becomes a
1343:
1304:at the latitude of
1028:
922:, born of immortals
911:, roofed in silver
904:, covered in silver
855:
765:a time travel novel
658:
626:Through inspiration
586:and Aeneas together
511:
391:Divine intervention
201:Anglo-Saxon England
93:divine intervention
8239:War of Three Peaks
7916:The Rings of Power
7850:Hobbiton Movie Set
7814:Concerning Hobbits
7698:Der Herr der Ringe
7631:Misty Mountain Hop
7488:Bored of the Rings
7312:Phial of Galadriel
6642:Sound and language
6537:Dreams and visions
6507:Addiction to power
6034:A Question of Time
5836:The Rings of Power
5755:Alexander Korotich
5552:Sound and language
5432:Dreams and visions
4130:(Third ed.).
3668:Huttar, Charles A.
3472:Neubauer, Lukasz.
3180:. pp. 73â103.
3097:Burns, Marjorie J.
2570:
2548:as the Elf-archer
2511:
2402:were awake in the
2382:and new-sprouting
2108:and the whirlpool
1778:
1544:
1341:
1022:
907:A giant temple to
900:A giant temple to
853:
833:Athanasius Kircher
734:Specific parallels
692:An arrow is sent,
653:
565:Through messengers
509:
487:behave as a group,
70:
8417:
8416:
8413:
8412:
8340:Lord of the Rings
8262:
8261:
8253:Before the Shadow
8197:Siege of Mirkwood
7960:
7959:
7879:
7878:
7863:Picturing Tolkien
7581:Lord of the Rings
7534:Barbara Remington
7439:Beren and LĂșthien
7390:Bilbo's Last Song
7337:
7336:
7168:
7167:
6819:
6818:
6770:Pseudotranslation
6760:Editorial framing
6755:Character pairing
6602:Naming of weapons
6162:
6161:
6111:A Tolkien Compass
6027:Picturing Tolkien
6013:Interrupted Music
5982:
5981:
5918:Leaving Rivendell
5687:
5686:
5673:Journeys of Frodo
5527:Old Straight Road
5517:Naming of weapons
5260:
5259:
5007:LĂșthien and Beren
4796:
4795:
4778:Carl F. Hostetter
4629:
4628:
4602:Beren and LĂșthien
4583:Bilbo's Last Song
4333:978-1-350-24145-9
4290:978-3-905703-45-0
4246:Tolkien, J. R. R.
4237:978-0-395-25730-2
4214:Tolkien, J. R. R.
4182:Tolkien, J. R. R.
4150:Tolkien, J. R. R.
4141:978-0-261-10275-0
4090:978-0-71124-127-5
4034:978-0-35-865298-4
3982:978-3-905703-42-9
3943:"Legolas in Troy"
3727:Eilmann, Julian.
3681:A Tolkien Compass
3517:978-0-8126-9545-8
3086:, pp. 65â87.
3071:, pp. 60â63.
3059:, pp. 27â39.
3042:. pp. 37â72.
2897:978-0-415-96942-0
2807:, book 1, ch. 2 "
2442:, classical tree-
2362:; and there were
2253:Pyrrhus of Epirus
2133:'s taking of the
2086:Charles A. Huttar
2040:Pyrrhus of Epirus
1982:"Orfeo was a king
1957:
1956:
1751:Beren and LĂșthien
1722:LĂșthien and Beren
1654:Steward of Gondor
1633:
1632:
1616:does not see him,
1447:
1446:
1318:Romulus and Remus
1093:
1092:
980:
979:
815:and Middle-earth.
731:
730:
636:
635:
413:such as those of
135:with the myth of
133:LĂșthien and Beren
8452:
8246:Fate of Gundabad
8204:Rise of Isengard
8175:
8147:Shadow of Mordor
8126:War in the North
8074:Game Boy Advance
7769:
7715:
7473:derivative works
7464:
7404:Unfinished Tales
7397:The Silmarillion
7179:
6830:
6607:Northern courage
6552:Environmentalism
6532:Decline and fall
6467:Song of EĂ€rendil
6377:
6365:
6210:J. R. R. Tolkien
6189:
6182:
6175:
6166:
6083:Splintered Light
5698:
5522:Northern courage
5447:Environmentalism
5427:Decline and fall
5350:Tolkien's poetry
5269:
4987:FinwĂ« and MĂriel
4809:
4763:John D. Rateliff
4640:
4567:Unfinished Tales
4550:The Silmarillion
4446:
4411:J. R. R. Tolkien
4393:
4386:
4379:
4370:
4365:
4337:
4316:
4310:
4302:
4273:
4260:Houghton Mifflin
4241:
4228:Houghton Mifflin
4223:The Silmarillion
4209:
4198:Houghton Mifflin
4177:
4166:Houghton Mifflin
4145:
4115:
4094:
4066:
4038:
4008:
4002:
3994:
3959:
3958:
3938:
3919:
3913:
3904:
3903:
3896:Jenkyns, Richard
3892:
3883:
3878:
3873:Burton, Philip.
3870:
3853:
3852:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3777:
3771:
3766:
3765:. pp. 3â12.
3761:Larini, Gloria.
3758:
3752:
3746:
3737:
3732:
3724:
3715:
3714:, pp. 95â96
3709:
3703:
3702:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3637:
3628:
3627:
3610:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3582:
3577:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3499:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3453:(3/4): 120â138.
3440:
3427:
3426:
3396:
3379:
3378:
3362:
3356:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3321:
3306:
3305:
3287:
3270:
3260:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3230:
3229:
3216:
3192:
3186:
3181:
3173:
3148:
3147:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3043:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3008:
2993:
2992:
2968:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2866:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2802:
2796:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2703:
2515:Indo-Europeanist
2478:
2458:
2435:
2288:
2264:
2240:
2226:
2188:earthly paradise
2026:Other influences
2001:
1986:
1969:
1800:Bond with nature
1781:
1763:
1747:The Silmarillion
1744:
1681:
1547:
1471:
1455:
1344:
1271:
1224:
1199:
1175:The Trojan Women
1132:the high priest
1063:fall of Gondolin
1029:
995:fall of Gondolin
856:
824:
804:
739:NĂșmenor-Atlantis
659:
529:The Silmarillion
512:
472:
455:The Silmarillion
403:The Silmarillion
379:
358:. The Dark Lord
308:The Silmarillion
240:Decline and fall
235:Classical themes
225:largely medieval
185:J. R. R. Tolkien
180:J. R. R. Tolkien
159:film version of
113:fall of Gondolin
73:J. R. R. Tolkien
66:Federico Barocci
8460:
8459:
8455:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8420:
8419:
8418:
8409:
8384:
8352:
8347:War of the Ring
8322:War of the Ring
8303:
8268:
8258:
8211:Riders of Rohan
8173:
8168:Return to Moria
8119:Aragorn's Quest
8061:War of the Ring
8019:Riders of Rohan
7956:
7929:
7892:Sagan om ringen
7875:
7870:Tolkien on Film
7833:
7799:
7763:
7756:
7704:
7645:
7609:Symphony No. 1
7587:
7560:
7510:
7475:
7458:
7343:
7333:
7290:
7281:Pelennor Fields
7264:
7164:
7138:
7073:
6880:
6873:
6815:
6736:
6697:First World War
6692:Classical world
6661:
6493:
6366:
6357:
6223:
6222:
6200:
6193:
6163:
6158:
6069:Perilous Realms
5989:
5978:
5925:
5858:
5801:Symphony No. 1
5779:
5740:Donato Giancola
5693:
5683:
5653:
5600:Classical world
5566:
5457:First World War
5376:
5256:
5203:
5155:Lonely Mountain
5093:
4945:
4816:
4803:
4792:
4751:
4696:The Etymologies
4646:
4635:
4625:
4536:
4450:
4437:
4402:
4397:
4347:
4344:
4342:Further reading
4334:
4319:
4303:
4291:
4276:
4270:
4255:Sauron Defeated
4244:
4238:
4212:
4180:
4148:
4142:
4120:
4097:
4091:
4069:
4063:
4053:Wm. B. Eerdmans
4043:Flieger, Verlyn
4041:
4035:
4016:, ed. (2023) .
4012:
3995:
3983:
3970:
3967:
3962:
3940:
3939:
3922:
3914:
3907:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3872:
3871:
3856:
3828:Tolkien Studies
3824:
3823:
3819:
3783:Tolkien Studies
3779:
3778:
3774:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3747:
3740:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3639:
3638:
3631:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3518:
3501:
3500:
3485:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3442:
3441:
3430:
3402:Tolkien Studies
3398:
3397:
3382:
3377:(4). Article 1.
3364:
3363:
3359:
3347:
3343:
3338:(2). Article 1.
3323:
3322:
3309:
3289:
3288:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3244:Kleu, Michael.
3243:
3242:
3233:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3175:
3174:
3151:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3010:
3009:
2996:
2970:
2969:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2803:
2799:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2669:
2624:; and the 2011
2615:The Last Legion
2539:
2492:Richard Jenkyns
2482:
2479:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2450:
2436:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2297:Horatius Cocles
2289:
2280:
2265:
2256:
2241:
2224:
2094:Wandering Rocks
2055:Horatius Cocles
2028:
2021:
2008:nearly rescues
2002:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1873:
1868:"Go down" into
1864:
1840:
1819:Lay of Leithian
1761:
1742:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1702:, setting up a
1682:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1605:kills the King,
1604:
1530:of the wearer.
1506:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1472:
1463:
1456:
1421:Antonine Plague
1391:Ravenna's tall
1330:Tolkien Studies
1273:
1266:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1225:
1216:
1211:in the fall of
1210:
1200:
997:to the sack of
991:
985:
945:
923:
840:
825:
816:
805:
747:
741:
736:
494:
488:
473:
447:Norse mythology
439:Greek pantheons
433:explained, the
431:Richard Purtill
411:classical epics
409:echoes that in
399:
393:
386:
380:
352:Norse mythology
248:
242:
237:
182:
176:
59:
28:
19:
12:
11:
5:
8458:
8456:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8422:
8421:
8415:
8414:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8407:
8400:
8392:
8390:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8382:
8375:
8368:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8343:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8311:
8309:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8301:
8294:
8287:
8280:
8272:
8270:
8267:Tabletop role-
8264:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8256:
8249:
8242:
8235:
8228:
8221:
8214:
8207:
8200:
8193:
8190:Mines of Moria
8185:
8183:
8172:
8171:
8164:
8157:
8150:
8143:
8136:
8129:
8122:
8115:
8108:
8107:
8106:
8092:
8085:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8064:
8057:
8050:
8047:The Two Towers
8043:
8036:
8029:
8022:
8015:
8007:
7999:
7992:
7985:
7978:
7970:
7968:
7962:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7946:
7937:
7935:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7912:
7904:
7896:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7866:
7859:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7841:
7839:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7824:
7817:
7809:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7789:
7785:The Two Towers
7781:
7772:
7766:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7754:
7746:
7734:
7721:
7719:
7712:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7702:
7694:
7686:
7678:
7666:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7634:
7627:
7615:
7606:
7597:
7595:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7577:
7568:
7566:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7529:Pauline Baynes
7520:
7518:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7500:
7492:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7476:
7467:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7428:
7421:
7414:
7407:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7355:
7347:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7331:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7317:Rings of Power
7314:
7309:
7304:
7298:
7296:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7272:
7270:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7260:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7187:
7185:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7146:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7109:Old Man Willow
7106:
7105:
7104:
7094:
7089:
7083:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7006:
7001:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6918:
6913:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6885:
6883:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6849:
6844:
6838:
6836:
6827:
6821:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6757:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6712:Modern sources
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6677:
6675:Antiquarianism
6671:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6587:Mental illness
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6503:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6482:A Walking Song
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6457:
6445:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6416:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6385:
6383:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6346:Works inspired
6343:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6321:
6316:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6249:
6246:The Two Towers
6242:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6212:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6169:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6016:
6009:
6002:
5994:
5992:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5944:
5939:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5879:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5845:Blind Guardian
5842:
5841:
5840:
5831:
5822:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5793:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5710:Pauline Baynes
5706:
5704:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5669:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5580:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5497:Mental illness
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5308:
5303:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5230:Rings of Power
5227:
5222:
5217:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5103:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5032:TĂșrin Turambar
5029:
5027:Tuor and Idril
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4822:
4820:
4806:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4730:Morgoth's Ring
4725:
4724:
4723:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4699:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4652:
4650:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4515:
4501:
4498:The Two Towers
4494:
4493:
4492:
4485:
4463:
4454:
4452:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4332:
4317:
4289:
4274:
4268:
4242:
4236:
4210:
4187:The Two Towers
4178:
4146:
4140:
4118:
4116:
4095:
4089:
4067:
4061:
4039:
4033:
4025:Harper Collins
4010:
3981:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3920:
3905:
3884:
3854:
3835:(2): 227â295.
3817:
3790:(2): 205â211.
3772:
3753:
3738:
3716:
3704:
3695:978-0875483030
3694:
3676:Lobdell, Jared
3659:
3629:
3616:(3 May 2016).
3602:
3583:
3561:
3531:
3516:
3483:
3464:
3428:
3380:
3357:
3341:
3307:
3271:
3255:
3231:
3207:(3): 303â322.
3187:
3149:
3124:
3088:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3030:
2994:
2954:
2952:, p. xii.
2942:
2927:
2915:
2911:Carpenter 2023
2903:
2896:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:Carpenter 2023
2837:
2825:
2821:Carpenter 2023
2813:
2797:
2781:
2777:Carpenter 2023
2769:
2753:
2749:Carpenter 2023
2738:
2726:
2722:Carpenter 2023
2714:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2538:
2531:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2460:
2453:
2451:
2437:
2430:
2428:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2235:
2211:one-eyed giant
2116:Verlyn Flieger
2059:Pons Sublicius
2053:'s account of
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2003:
1996:
1994:
1978:, which begins
1971:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Magical powers
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1866:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:, 16th century
1683:
1676:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1551:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1254:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1201:
1194:
1091:
1090:
1079:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:-hero" themes
984:
981:
978:
977:
974:
970:
969:
966:
962:
961:
958:
954:
953:
939:
917:
913:
912:
905:
898:
894:
893:
890:
886:
885:
882:
878:
877:
874:
871:
867:
866:
863:
860:
842:
841:
826:
819:
817:
806:
799:
789:ancient Athens
740:
737:
735:
732:
729:
728:
721:
718:
714:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
689:
688:
685:
682:
678:
677:
670:
663:
634:
633:
630:
627:
623:
622:
615:
609:
608:Through dreams
605:
604:
587:
580:
576:
575:
569:
566:
562:
561:
548:
539:
533:
532:
524:
516:
496:
495:
474:
467:
392:
389:
388:
387:
381:
374:
333:angelic spirit
252:ancient Greece
244:Main article:
241:
238:
236:
233:
178:Main article:
175:
172:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8457:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8406:
8405:
8401:
8399:
8398:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8387:
8381:
8380:
8376:
8374:
8373:
8369:
8367:
8366:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8344:
8342:
8341:
8337:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8319:
8318:
8317:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8288:
8286:
8285:
8281:
8279:
8278:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8269:playing games
8265:
8255:
8254:
8250:
8248:
8247:
8243:
8241:
8240:
8236:
8234:
8233:
8229:
8227:
8226:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8170:
8169:
8165:
8163:
8162:
8158:
8156:
8155:
8154:Shadow of War
8151:
8149:
8148:
8144:
8142:
8141:
8137:
8135:
8134:
8130:
8128:
8127:
8123:
8121:
8120:
8116:
8114:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8104:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8086:
8084:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8069:
8068:The Third Age
8065:
8063:
8062:
8058:
8056:
8055:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8044:
8042:
8041:
8037:
8035:
8034:
8030:
8028:
8027:
8023:
8021:
8020:
8016:
8014:
8012:
8008:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7998:
7997:
7993:
7991:
7990:
7986:
7984:
7983:
7979:
7977:
7976:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7952:
7951:
7947:
7944:
7943:
7939:
7938:
7936:
7932:
7924:
7921:
7920:
7918:
7917:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7905:
7902:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7872:
7871:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7836:
7829:
7825:
7822:
7821:Into the West
7818:
7815:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7802:
7795:
7794:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7782:
7779:
7778:
7774:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:Peter Jackson
7759:
7752:
7751:
7747:
7744:
7740:
7739:
7735:
7732:
7728:
7727:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7707:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7667:
7664:
7660:
7659:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7648:
7639:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7620:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7590:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7563:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7516:Illustrations
7513:
7506:
7505:
7501:
7498:
7497:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7465:
7461:
7455:
7454:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7436:
7434:
7433:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7380:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7360:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7340:
7330:
7327:
7323:
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6778:
6775:
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6768:
6766:
6765:Frame stories
6763:
6762:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
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6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6592:Moral dilemma
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6577:Luck and fate
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
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6243:
6241:
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6233:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6219:
6218:
6215:Constructing
6213:
6211:
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6203:
6199:
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5809:
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5796:Johan de Meij
5794:
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5789:
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5776:
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5763:
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5751:
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5738:
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5735:Mary Fairburn
5733:
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5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5507:Moral dilemma
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5487:Luck and fate
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5467:Frame stories
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
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4461:
4456:
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4453:
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4426:
4424:
4421:
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4414:
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4412:
4409:
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4394:
4389:
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4380:
4375:
4374:
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4363:
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4351:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4275:
4271:
4269:0-395-60649-7
4265:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4133:
4132:HarperCollins
4129:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4062:0-8028-1955-9
4058:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3918:, p. 37.
3917:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3881:Williams 2021
3876:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3751:, p. 90.
3750:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:Williams 2021
3730:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3614:Kennedy, Maev
3609:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:Williams 2021
3594:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3580:Williams 2021
3575:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:Williams 2021
3475:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3252:Williams 2021
3247:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3203:(in French).
3202:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:Williams 2021
3179:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3057:Williams 2023
3053:
3050:
3047:
3046:Williams 2021
3041:
3038:Ross, Clare.
3034:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2950:Williams 2021
2946:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2899:
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2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2805:Tolkien 1954a
2801:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2655:as "echo the
2654:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2592:Orlando Bloom
2589:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2576:'s 2001â2003
2575:
2574:Peter Jackson
2567:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2554:Peter Jackson
2551:
2547:
2546:Orlando Bloom
2543:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2406:-brakes; and
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2335:Mediterranean
2332:
2328:
2322:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2282:
2279:mountain wall
2278:
2274:
2271:or Tolkien's
2270:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:Golden Fleece
2132:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1909:Powerful song
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1704:moral dilemma
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1684:The shepherd
1680:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:, son of the
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:Total failure
1625:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1612:is surprised
1609:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1550:Story element
1549:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:moral dilemma
1521:
1517:
1516:Ring of Gyges
1513:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:lingua franca
1429:
1428:
1425:Great Plague
1424:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Carthaginians
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:From Rome to
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:Story element
1346:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:Helen of Troy
1102:
1098:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:protagonists
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:frame stories
1007:. Both have
1006:
1005:
1000:
996:
990:
983:Gondolin-Troy
982:
972:
971:
964:
963:
957:Civilisation
956:
955:
952:
948:
943:
940:
937:
934:
930:
927:
921:
918:
915:
914:
910:
906:
903:
899:
896:
895:
888:
887:
880:
879:
875:
872:
869:
868:
864:
861:
858:
857:
851:
849:
848:
838:
834:
830:
823:
818:
814:
810:
803:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
757:
756:
751:
746:
738:
733:
726:
722:
720:The god's own
719:
716:
715:
711:
708:
706:Implied agent
705:
704:
700:
697:
695:
691:
690:
686:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
671:
669:
668:
664:
661:
660:
657:
651:
649:
645:
641:
631:
628:
625:
624:
620:
616:
614:
610:
607:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
588:
585:
581:
578:
577:
574:
570:
567:
564:
563:
560:
556:
552:
549:
547:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
525:
523:
522:
517:
514:
513:
507:
505:
501:
492:
491:luck, or fate
486:
482:
478:
471:
466:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
398:
390:
385:
378:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
247:
239:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
181:
173:
171:
169:
168:
163:
162:
156:
155:Peter Jackson
151:
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:magical rings
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:medieval ones
83:, especially
82:
78:
74:
67:
63:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
26:
21:
16:
8402:
8395:
8377:
8370:
8363:
8345:
8338:
8316:Middle Earth
8314:
8296:
8289:
8282:
8275:
8252:
8245:
8238:
8232:Minas Morgul
8231:
8224:
8217:
8210:
8203:
8196:
8189:
8178:
8167:
8160:
8153:
8146:
8138:
8132:
8125:
8118:
8111:
8102:
8095:
8088:
8081:
8067:
8060:
8053:
8046:
8039:
8032:
8024:
8017:
8010:
8002:
7994:
7987:
7980:
7973:
7950:Born of Hope
7948:
7940:
7914:
7906:
7898:
7890:
7868:
7861:
7791:
7783:
7775:
7748:
7736:
7724:
7696:
7688:
7680:
7668:
7656:
7618:Led Zeppelin
7610:
7600:
7579:
7571:
7504:Muddle Earth
7502:
7494:
7486:
7451:
7444:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7416:
7409:
7402:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7375:The Sea-Bell
7370:Fastitocalon
7357:
7350:
7160:Tom Bombadil
7087:Barrow-wight
6792:Storytelling
6691:
6680:
6522:Christianity
6517:Architecture
6459:
6452:
6414:Black Speech
6399:Family trees
6251:
6244:
6237:
6216:
6195:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6081:
6074:
6067:
6060:
6053:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5881:
5874:
5870:Donald Swann
5849:
5835:
5826:
5817:
5811:Howard Shore
5802:
5750:Tove Jansson
5730:Jenny Dolfen
5720:Anke EiĂmann
5692:Adaptations,
5671:
5664:
5599:
5588:
5405:Christianity
5400:Architecture
5306:Black Speech
5286:Family trees
5087:Tom Bombadil
4783:
4768:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4718:
4711:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4656:
4647:Middle-earth
4643:
4618:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4548:
4529:
4503:
4496:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4449:In Tolkien's
4416:Bibliography
4400:Middle-earth
4353:
4349:
4322:
4279:
4253:
4221:
4191:
4185:
4159:
4153:
4126:
4122:Shippey, Tom
4103:
4099:
4075:
4047:
4023:. New York:
4017:
3972:
3946:
3899:
3874:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3762:
3756:
3728:
3712:Flieger 1983
3707:
3699:
3679:
3662:
3645:
3623:The Guardian
3621:
3592:
3586:
3573:
3547:
3507:
3473:
3467:
3450:
3444:
3409:(1): 53â73.
3406:
3400:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3335:
3329:
3301:
3295:
3258:
3245:
3226:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3177:
3143:
3137:
3127:
3110:
3104:
3091:
3084:Flieger 1983
3069:Flieger 1983
3064:
3052:
3039:
3033:
3016:
2980:
2976:
2945:
2923:Shippey 2005
2918:
2906:
2882:
2840:
2833:Tolkien 1954
2828:
2816:
2800:
2789:Tolkien 1992
2784:
2772:
2761:Tolkien 1977
2756:
2734:Tolkien 1954
2729:
2717:
2706:Tolkien 1977
2701:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2636:Howard Shore
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2585:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2534:
2512:
2495:
2485:
2350:and pungent
2345:
2327:philological
2324:
2304:
2248:
2228:
2221:
2217:
2206:
2200:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2147:
2128:
2114:
2083:
2044:
2035:
2029:
1973:
1958:
1858:
1846:
1837:
1784:Action/theme
1766:
1758:
1746:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1693:
1662:Tom Bombadil
1640:
1636:
1634:
1623:Moral result
1575:Invisibility
1572:Ring's power
1566:Middle-earth
1557:
1532:
1509:
1507:
1388:Architecture
1351:Ancient Rome
1336:fall of Rome
1328:
1326:
1310:ancient Rome
1302:Minas Tirith
1294:plate armour
1279:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1173:
1167:
1159:
1129:Trojan Horse
1125:
1094:
1038:
1002:
992:
973:Destruction
845:
843:
836:
781:
776:
772:
753:
748:
672:
665:
655:
639:
637:
527:
519:
497:
483:, Tolkien's
462:collective).
460:
454:
450:
422:
406:
402:
400:
347:
321:Eru Iluvatar
312:
306:
304:
249:
214:
211:Middle-earth
204:
183:
165:
160:
152:
141:
88:
81:many sources
77:Middle-earth
71:
61:
36:Roman legend
20:
15:
8389:Other games
8308:Board games
8218:Helm's Deep
7966:Video games
7743:Rankin/Bass
7693:(BBC, 1981)
7573:Fellowship!
7556:Ted Nasmith
7469:Adaptations
7276:Helm's Deep
6799:Prose style
6787:Interlacing
6750:Anachronism
6732:Shakespeare
6339:Tolkienmoot
6329:Fan fiction
6294:Translating
5967:Video games
5952:Fan fiction
5930:Other media
5829:film series
5820:film series
5775:Ted Nasmith
5637:Prose style
5630:Shakespeare
5390:Anachronism
4962:Celebrimbor
4636:composition
4557:Ainulindalë
4428:Legendarium
4106:: 229â247.
4071:Garth, John
3349:Newman 2005
3263:Apollodorus
3146:(2): 36â42.
2938:Newman 2005
2710:Ainulindalë
2618:; the 2010
2612:; the 2007
2609:King Arthur
2216:in Homer's
2186:likens the
2171:anagnorisis
2118:has called
1245:Gondor-Rome
694:ambiguously
553:appears to
544:appears to
500:theophanies
197:Middle Ages
193:medievalist
189:philologist
46:, while in
8424:Categories
8357:Card games
7900:Khraniteli
7845:Production
7352:The Hobbit
7233:LothlĂłrien
7199:Old Forest
7065:Wormtongue
6921:Half-elven
6916:Glorfindel
6742:Techniques
6667:Influences
6310:Reception
5827:The Hobbit
5791:Bo Hansson
5765:Tom Loback
5658:Geographic
5583:Influences
5160:LothlĂłrien
5126:Third Age
5062:Glorfindel
5043:Third Age
4951:Characters
4887:Half-elven
4645:History of
4634:History of
4541:Posthumous
4460:The Hobbit
4299:1237352408
4283:. Zurich.
4226:. Boston:
4206:1042159111
4196:. Boston:
4164:. Boston:
4079:. London:
3991:1107816986
3975:. Zurich.
3916:Garth 2020
3749:Garth 2020
3686:Open Court
3113:(4): 5â9.
2765:AkallabĂȘth
2689:References
2661:cave troll
2640:music for
2500:Asia Minor
2396:Primeroles
2392:stonecrops
2388:saxifrages
2269:Hyperborea
2222:The Hobbit
2214:Polyphemus
2207:The Hobbit
2196:Hyperborea
2184:John Garth
2165:peripeteia
2124:Promethean
2098:underworld
1946:Proserpine
1739:The Hobbit
1700:magic ring
1698:finds the
1564:Tolkien's
1162:Sam Gamgee
1123:of Troy.
1109:Trojan War
916:First King
881:Resources
712:The Valar
621:in dreams
481:Greek gods
327:, who are
300:sophocracy
288:Thucydides
272:Golden Age
7828:May It Be
7624:Ramble On
7541:John Howe
7307:PalantĂrs
7209:The Shire
7204:Rivendell
7183:Geography
7155:Goldberry
6999:Beornings
6955:Treebeard
6943:Thranduil
6911:Galadriel
6809:Epic Pooh
6804:Ambiguity
6727:Philology
6717:Modernism
6637:Sexuality
6409:Languages
5990:criticism
5962:Calendars
5838:TV series
5834:Music of
5825:Music of
5816:Music of
5784:Composers
5745:John Howe
5642:Ambiguity
5625:Philology
5502:Modernism
5410:Cosmology
5296:Languages
5242:Silmarils
5190:The Shire
5180:Rivendell
5110:Beleriand
5067:Goldberry
5052:Galadriel
5037:Ungoliant
4992:Gil-galad
4982:Fingolfin
4919:Beornings
4897:Sundering
4860:Ancalagon
4802:Fictional
4307:cite book
4152:(1954a).
4124:(2005) .
3999:cite book
3947:Thersites
3849:258433881
3812:258432978
3804:1547-3163
3646:Thersites
3548:Thersites
3526:863158193
3423:170501240
3223:0035-1466
3017:Thersites
2977:Thersites
2888:Routledge
2872:(2013) .
2854:Secondary
2795:", p. 249
2627:The Eagle
2621:Centurion
2578:films of
2420:hyacinths
2410:and many
2380:marjorams
2352:terebinth
2331:botanical
2275:with its
2154:Aristotle
2110:Charybdis
2100:, and to
2077:'s poem "
2071:Etruscans
1975:Sir Orfeo
1860:Katabasis
1759:Sir Orfeo
1729:Sir Orfeo
1658:Galadriel
1600:First use
1583:Discovery
1539:Catabasis
1484:Visigoths
1369:in 402 AD
1298:Byzantium
1233:Euripides
1170:Euripides
1101:Cassandra
1081:The four
889:Geometry
859:Component
839:, Spain).
662:Component
648:GrishnĂĄkh
594:Thorondor
537:Theophany
475:Like the
292:Suetonius
284:Herodotus
60:Painting
8112:Conquest
7982:Game One
7934:Fan-made
7838:Approach
7718:Animated
7640:" (1971)
7633:" (1971)
7626:" (1969)
7546:Alan Lee
7365:Errantry
7322:One Ring
7286:Morannon
7258:Isengard
7238:Mirkwood
7190:Eriador
7079:Monsters
7032:Denethor
7009:DĂșnedain
7004:DrĂședain
6862:Radagast
6707:Medieval
6612:Paganism
6489:Proverbs
6429:Sindarin
6404:Heraldry
6381:Elements
6372:Analysis
6334:Oxonmoot
6319:Literary
6260:Stories
6234:Volumes
5988:Literary
5863:Settings
5760:Alan Lee
5715:Cor Blok
5610:Medieval
5571:Literary
5532:Paganism
5321:Sindarin
5291:Heraldry
5273:Elements
5265:Analysis
5235:One Ring
5220:PalantĂr
5165:Mirkwood
5150:Isengard
5135:Esgaroth
4929:DĂșnedain
4924:DrĂședain
4818:monsters
4804:universe
4710:1988â92
4655:1983â84
4465:1954-55
4451:lifetime
4248:(1992).
4216:(1977).
4184:(1954).
4112:23065305
4073:(2020).
4045:(1983).
3898:(1980).
3670:(1975).
3459:43308203
3331:Mythlore
3297:Mythlore
3139:Mythlore
3119:26811938
3106:Mythlore
3099:(1989).
2874:"Gondor"
2667:See also
2556:'s 2002
2448:Ithilien
2408:asphodel
2400:anemones
2384:parsleys
2364:junipers
2348:tamarisk
2340:Ithilien
2301:Macaulay
2245:Haradrim
2102:Odysseus
2079:Horatius
2032:Haradrim
2010:Eurydice
1988:for his
1894:Calliope
1848:Georgics
1795:LĂșthien
1773:Eurydice
1695:Republic
1559:Republic
1528:morality
1520:One Ring
1511:Republic
1508:Plato's
1504:One Ring
1411:Haradrim
1306:Florence
1290:vambrace
1237:Astyanax
1229:EĂ€rendil
1188:Astyanax
1180:EĂ€rendil
1117:Menelaus
1073:Odysseus
1017:Odysseus
989:Gondolin
965:Decline
931:and the
902:Poseidon
870:Location
865:NĂșmenor
862:Atlantis
837:Hispania
829:Atlantis
773:Atalantë
760:Atlantis
646:captain
613:Carthage
602:Maedhros
573:Gondolin
477:pantheon
354:, where
148:Ithilien
129:One Ring
101:Atlantis
54:escapes
8089:Tactics
8026:Elendor
7919:(2022)
7908:Hobitit
7745:, 1980)
7733:, 1978)
7677:, 1979)
7665:, 1955)
7565:Theatre
7342:Related
7302:Mithril
7295:Objects
7269:Battles
7214:Bag End
7060:Théoden
7037:Faramir
7027:Boromir
7014:Aragorn
6962:Hobbits
6938:Legolas
6889:Dwarves
6881:peoples
6867:Saruman
6857:Gandalf
6852:Wizards
6842:Balrogs
6825:Peoples
6681:Beowulf
6572:Heroism
6562:Forests
6547:England
6542:Economy
6461:Namårië
6436:Khuzdul
6389:Artwork
6304:Swedish
5702:Artists
5589:Beowulf
5477:Heroism
5462:Forests
5442:England
5437:Economy
5370:Tengwar
5355:Scripts
5338:Westron
5333:Valarin
5328:Khuzdul
5301:Adûnaic
5281:Artwork
5215:Mithril
5208:Objects
5195:Bag End
5120:Valinor
5115:NĂșmenor
5077:Saruman
5057:Gandalf
5022:Thingol
5017:Morgoth
5002:Isildur
4972:Elendil
4909:Hobbits
4872:Dwarves
4855:Dragons
4841:Wizards
4836:Balrogs
4813:Peoples
4703:Lhammas
4664:Ălfwine
4433:Outline
4252:(ed.).
4220:(ed.).
4174:9552942
3965:Sources
3678:(ed.).
2880:(ed.).
2694:Primary
2596:Legolas
2550:Legolas
2404:filbert
2368:myrtles
2358:and of
2273:Valinor
2249:mûmakil
2229:Odyssey
2218:Odyssey
2209:to the
2159:Poetics
2139:Isildur
2036:mûmakil
2014:LĂșthien
2006:Orpheus
1870:Doriath
1791:Orpheus
1769:Orpheus
1708:Ferrara
1650:Boromir
1442:Westron
1367:Ravenna
1314:Elendil
1286:Normans
1186:'s son
1172:' play
1139:Valinor
1134:Laocoön
1113:Maeglin
1083:Hobbits
1061:in the
933:Oceanid
929:Iapetus
809:NĂșmenor
755:Kritias
745:NĂșmenor
725:the One
717:Purpose
600:rescue
542:Mercury
504:Gandalf
384:Baalbek
344:NĂșmenor
276:NĂșmenor
206:Beowulf
174:Context
137:Orpheus
105:NĂșmenor
56:NĂșmenor
52:Elendil
8332:Sauron
8225:Mordor
8161:Gollum
8013:(SNES)
8011:Vol. I
8005:(1990)
8003:Vol. I
7953:(2009)
7945:(2009)
7911:(1993)
7903:(1991)
7895:(1971)
7796:(2003)
7788:(2002)
7780:(2001)
7764:series
7753:(2024)
7731:Bakshi
7701:(1992)
7685:(1980)
7614:(1988)
7605:(1972)
7584:(2006)
7576:(2005)
7507:(2003)
7499:(1999)
7491:(1969)
7248:Mordor
7223:Gondor
7150:Eagles
7124:Trolls
7119:Shelob
7097:Nazgûl
7092:Gollum
7022:Gondor
6982:Pippin
6931:Elrond
6847:Sauron
6687:Celtic
6627:Quests
6617:Plants
6499:Themes
6448:Poetry
6424:Quenya
6419:Elvish
6324:Fandom
6314:Impact
5937:Impact
5694:legacy
5615:Modern
5595:Celtic
5547:Quests
5537:Plants
5382:Themes
5365:Sarati
5316:Quenya
5311:Elvish
5170:Mordor
5140:Gondor
5099:Places
5082:Sauron
5072:Gollum
5047:Elrond
5012:Melian
4977:FĂ«anor
4941:Trolls
4892:Noldor
4877:Eagles
4756:Others
4330:
4297:
4287:
4266:
4234:
4204:
4172:
4138:
4110:
4087:
4059:
4031:
3989:
3979:
3847:
3810:
3802:
3692:
3524:
3514:
3457:
3421:
3304:(3â4).
3221:
3117:
2913:, #131
2894:
2632:Celtic
2527:Aegean
2488:dryads
2444:nymphs
2440:dryads
2416:ilexes
2372:thymes
2370:; and
2277:PelĂłri
2225:'s
2203:Trolls
2192:PelĂłri
2177:pathos
2120:FĂ«anor
2106:Scylla
2065:, and
1952:Mandos
1903:Melian
1843:Virgil
1646:Gollum
1637:argues
1614:Gollum
1480:Alaric
1377:Layout
1356:Gondor
1251:Gondor
1204:Virgil
1184:Hector
1145:, nor
1143:Bablon
1077:Ithaca
1050:Aeneas
1013:Aeneas
1004:Aeneid
909:Melkor
897:Temple
793:hubris
777:talat-
769:Quenya
667:Aeneid
619:Finrod
598:Fingon
592:sends
555:Turgon
546:Aeneas
521:Aeneid
419:Virgil
360:Sauron
336:Melkor
290:, and
260:Hesiod
121:Gondor
115:; the
111:-like
107:; the
68:, 1598
40:Aeneas
7923:music
7884:Other
7805:Music
7650:Radio
7593:Music
7480:Books
7344:works
7253:Rohan
7243:Moria
7228:Harad
7174:World
7143:Other
7129:Wargs
7055:Ăowyn
7050:Ăomer
7045:Rohan
6977:Merry
6972:Frodo
6967:Bilbo
6926:Arwen
6906:Elves
6899:Gimli
6894:Balin
6834:Maiar
6702:Norse
6657:Women
6652:Trees
6597:Music
6582:Magic
6228:About
5620:Norse
5562:Trees
5512:Music
5492:Magic
5482:Light
5360:Cirth
5185:Rohan
5175:Moria
5145:Harad
4997:HĂșrin
4882:Elves
4865:Smaug
4848:Valar
4831:Maiar
4826:Ainur
4782:2021
4767:2007
4743:1996
4735:1994
4727:1993
4686:1987
4678:1986
4670:1985
4617:2022
4607:2018
4599:2017
4591:2007
4580:1990
4572:1981
4564:1980
4547:1977
4528:1962
4457:1937
4442:Works
4423:Canon
4108:JSTOR
3845:S2CID
3808:S2CID
3674:. In
3455:JSTOR
3419:S2CID
3267:1.2.3
3115:JSTOR
2876:. In
2644:films
2600:Paris
2496:lexis
2463:olive
2376:sages
2356:olive
2354:, of
2150:TĂșrin
2143:Medea
2131:Jason
2067:Gimli
2063:Ăomer
2018:Beren
1942:Pluto
1817:Yes (
1787:Beren
1762:'
1743:'
1690:Plato
1686:Gyges
1670:Frodo
1641:shows
1593:Bilbo
1587:Gyges
1554:Plato
1437:Latin
1322:Arnor
1278:, in
1147:Ninwi
1121:Paris
1097:Idril
1032:Event
1025:quest
951:Maiar
947:Elves
942:Elros
926:Titan
924:(the
920:Atlas
771:name
750:Plato
709:A god
681:Event
590:Manwë
485:Valar
435:Roman
427:Valar
415:Homer
325:Elves
296:Plato
79:from
7710:Film
7471:and
7194:Bree
7114:Orcs
6950:Ents
6879:Free
6647:Time
6632:Race
6567:Hell
6557:Evil
6443:Maps
5957:Film
5557:Time
5472:Hell
5452:Evil
5345:Maps
5130:Bree
4936:Orcs
4904:Ents
4328:ISBN
4313:link
4295:OCLC
4285:ISBN
4264:ISBN
4232:ISBN
4202:OCLC
4170:OCLC
4136:ISBN
4085:ISBN
4057:ISBN
4029:ISBN
4005:link
3987:OCLC
3977:ISBN
3800:ISSN
3690:ISBN
3522:OCLC
3512:ISBN
3219:ISSN
2892:ISBN
2657:Orcs
2587:Troy
2565:Troy
2412:lily
2398:and
2390:and
2366:and
2329:and
2293:Livy
2051:Livy
1944:and
1930:Yes
1917:Yes
1900:Maia
1898:The
1891:muse
1889:The
1809:Yes
1474:The
1213:Troy
1151:Trui
1103:and
1085:in "
1059:Tuor
1054:Troy
1015:and
999:Troy
949:and
936:Asia
813:Aman
584:Dido
559:Tuor
557:and
551:Ulmo
515:Type
443:Ăsir
405:and
311:and
268:Arda
264:Ovid
262:and
256:Rome
254:and
223:was
191:and
167:Troy
117:Rome
109:Troy
95:and
44:Troy
7675:NPR
7663:BBC
7043:of
7020:of
6994:Men
6987:Sam
4914:Men
4358:doi
3951:doi
3879:in
3837:doi
3792:doi
3767:in
3733:in
3650:doi
3597:in
3578:in
3552:doi
3478:in
3411:doi
3250:in
3209:doi
3205:323
3182:in
3044:in
3021:doi
2985:doi
2791:, "
2763:, "
2708:, "
2652:300
2638:'s
2552:in
2360:bay
2342::
2251:to
2247:'s
2205:of
2122:"a
2049:to
2034:'s
1950:To
1940:To
1927:Yes
1914:Yes
1877:Yes
1845:'s
1824:Yes
1806:Yes
1803:Yes
1749:of
1692:'s
1688:of
1666:Sam
1556:'s
1482:'s
1478:by
1155:Rûm
644:Orc
479:of
457:,
445:of
437:or
364:Men
157:'s
64:by
34:In
8426::
4356:.
4354:15
4352:.
4309:}}
4305:{{
4293:.
4262:.
4230:.
4200:.
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4027:.
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