216:(May 31, 1925 – July 12, 2021) was a theologian, preacher, lecturer, author, and peace activist. He is best known for his combined interest in theology, theater, and ritual studies. Tom F. Driver is also known for his numerous publications and lectures on similar topics, which range from academic and popular articles to sermons and books. These culminate in works that condemn war and advocate justice. Driver was also the photographer and director of two documentary films about the violence in Colombia, both of which were written and narrated in collaboration with his wife, historian Anne L. Barstow. Since his retirement from teaching (1991), Driver has actively been included in a number of projects that promote peace, justice, and human rights in Haiti and Colombia. He has advocated nonviolent resistance to evil, as well as the rejection of war. In 2014, Tom and his wife were the first recipients of the annual Anne Barstow and Tom Driver Award for Excellence in Nonviolent Action in Retirement, given by the
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reviewed plays for The New
Republic, became the first-night theater critic for station WBAI-FM in New York, and in 1963 the theater critic for The Reporter Magazine (see below), meanwhile writing numerous articles having to do with literature and theater in other magazines and journals. In this period, he also lectured widely and gave sermons in colleges and universities throughout the United States.
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Driver’s twin interests in theater and theology led over time to the study of ritual. He saw that both religion and theater involve the public performance of symbolic actions. Both are present in all human societies. Ritual is not only a preserver of society but also, at various times, a resource for
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After graduating from Duke in 1950, Driver enrolled for the
Bachelor of Divinity (BD) program (later known as the Master of Divinity or MDiv program) at Union Theological Seminary in New York, where he studied under Paul Tillich, Reinhold Niebuhr, James Muilenburg, and others. He was ordained to the
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Driver's theater criticism began to appear in 1952 with articles in the motive magazine, a publication of the
Methodist Student Movement. This led to his appointment in 1956 as the first-ever theater critic for The Christian Century Magazine through which he gained national recognition. He also
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Holding advanced degrees in both theology and theater, Driver was uncertain what his future might hold. His multifaceted career began to take shape in August 1956. Within a single week, he received two offers of jobs: from Union
Theological Seminary, he received an invitation to help initiate a
625:, for whom he chaired a Task Force on Haiti, leading numerous fact-finding delegations there between 1991 and 2004. Witness for Peace is a grassroots U.S. organization promoting peace, justice, and sustainable economies in the Americas, including the Caribbean.
409:, a weekly magazine with national circulation, he received an invitation to become its first-ever theater critic. At the seminary, he worked under the drama program's Visiting Director, E. Martin Browne, best known as the director of all the plays of
510:, a book about black anger at white supremacy. Ascoli thought Baldwin’s defense of that anger was unjustified and he refused to let his magazine endorse a Baldwin play. Thus rejected, Driver’s review was soon published by three other journals:
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He returned to
Colombia in 2003 with a delegation arranged by his wife, Anne Barstow, and sponsored by Witness for Peace and the Presbyterian Peace Fellowship. Once again, he photographed and edited a documentary film, this one known as
232:, TN. When he was five years old, his family moved to Bristol, TN-VA. From an early age, he showed great interest in both church and theater. During the Second World War in 1943, he finished high school and was then drafted in the
556:”. A devoted Protestant Christian throughout his life, he nevertheless became critical of much traditional theology and practice. Although never a parish minister, he was a frequent and eloquent preacher.
322:, an international body made up of religious organizations in support of nonviolence. His experiences at Duke continued to develop his engagement in theology as an underpinning of peace and justice.
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Married (1952) to historian Anne L. Barstow, they have three children: Kate Driver Murphy, Paul
Barstow Driver, and Susannah Driver Barstow. They have three grandsons and one granddaughter.
381:. Both served on its National Council. Barstow herself became a historian. The couple, both professors in higher education, are the parents of three children — two daughters and one son.
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of the time and its participational forms of theater. In the classroom, he developed highly participational modes of teaching. These tendencies resulted in his first theological book,
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magazine, Driver turned his attention to writing a history of the modern theater that he had been commissioned to write for the Dell
Publishing Co. It was published in 1970 as
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By 1958, Driver had become an
Assistant Professor of Christian Theology at Union Seminary. He would eventually become the Paul J. Tillich Professor of Theology and Culture.
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Christian ministry by the
Holston Conference of the United Methodist Church in 1953. Meanwhile, in 1952, he married Anne Barstow of Palatka, FL, whose lifelong
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The polarization of
American society was acute during the 1960s, especially in academic institutions. Driver’s political thought moved towards that of the “
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As an advocate of nonviolent action, as an alternative to war and militarism, Professor Driver edited and wrote the Introduction to a special issue of
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Driver’s lifelong advocacy of peace and justice was influenced by the war and his war experience. He was also influenced by his involvement in the
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The Anne Barstow and Tom Driver Award for Excellence in Nonviolent Action in Retirement, given by The Presbyterian Peace Fellowship, 2014
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in Iraq, he helped write “What's at Stake in Torture? Ritual, Imagination, and the Role of Media in the Construction of State Power.”
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in Europe. By the time he was honorably discharged in the spring of 1946, he had become staunchly opposed to both war and militarism.
824:. New York: Delacorte Press. Paperback edition, A Delta Book, 1971. Reprinted at Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1980.
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with a concentration in the history of theater and drama. He received his doctorate in 1957 with a dissertation soon published as
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magazine between 1956 and 1962, Tom F. Driver has authored more than 200 articles for the following publications (among others):
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in London and New York. During the life of the Religious Drama program, Driver directed the first New York City production of
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by his father, who was the head of the local draft board. Driver spent the rest of World War II in uniform, mostly in the
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1382:(2001), directed by Tom F. Driver, written and produced by Tom F. Driver and Anne Barstow. 43 mins. Available from <
641:. Like the first Colombia film, it was co-authored and narrated jointly with Anne Barstow. It was screened at the 2004
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504:. Mr. Ascoli, an early publisher, and advocate of Baldwin’s work had turned against Baldwin when the latter published
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hired Driver as its theater critic in 1963, starting with a review of Peter Brooke’s celebrated London production of
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ed. Ronald L. Grimes, Ute Husken, Udo Simon, and Eric Venbrux (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 223-253.
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Also in 1956, Driver was commissioned by the Methodist Student Movement to write the libretto for an oratorio,
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During the 1960s, Driver’s theater interests were drawn towards offerings off-Broadway, particularly to the
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611:, the country’s popular religion. Nine years later, in 1991, his retirement from teaching coincided with a
353:(playing Mark Antony). In his senior year, he founded The Wesley Players, launching it with productions of
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In 2011, after living 61 years in New York City, Driver moved with his wife to a retirement community in
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in the summer of 1976. The photographs and audio recordings he made there were later presented at the
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would bring Driver into frequent affiliation with Presbyterian churches and into active work with the
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537:. That work superseded a projected work on “Imagination and Revelation,” for which he was awarded a
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831:. San Francisco: Harper & Row. Reprinted at Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1985.
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1303:, ed. Lawrence Graver and Raymond Federman (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979). Excerpted in
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New York, 1970; a Delta Book, paperback, 1971; The University Press of America, Lanham, MD, 1980.
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680:. Driver continued to write, lecture, and preach. Driver’s papers and photos are archived at the
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1292:, ed. Stanley A. Clayes (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967). Reprinted, pp. 127-133, in
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The Magic of Ritual: Our Need for Liberating Rites that Transform Our Lives and Our Communities
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The Magic of Ritual: Our Need for Liberating Rites That Transform Our Lives and Our Communities
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1311:, informational packet published by the Lincoln Center Institute (New York, NY, 1997): 23-27.
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621:. Driver became an active supporter of Haiti’s beleaguered democratic movement, working with
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Driver received a Kent Fellowship in 1953 that enabled him to enter the Ph.D. program in the
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directed by Tom F. Driver, written and produced by Tom F. Driver and Anne Barstow, 32 mins.
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from 1960 until 1965, when he resigned because of the magazine’s reluctance to condemn the
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The Andrew Murray Award of The Witherspoon Society (shared with Anne L. Barstow), 2006
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its transformation. Driver contributed to organizing the Ritual Studies Group of the
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in 2001, a journal published by the Presbyterian Church (USA) entitled
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in 2000, where he was the photographer for a documentary film entitled
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Poems of Doubt and Belief: An Anthology of Modern Religious Poetry
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Liberating rites: understanding the transformative power of ritual
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Liberating Rites: Understanding the Transformative Power of Ritual
799:. New York: Columbia University Press. Paperback edition, 1967.
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Liberating Rites: Understanding the Transformative Power of Ritual
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While in college, Driver was also active in the Duke Players, the
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Romantic Quest and Modern Query: A History of the Modern Theater
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Romantic Quest and Modern Query: A History of the Modern Theater
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youth movement, while he was a college student. Enrolling at
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She Flies On: A White Southern Christian Debutante Wakes Up
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Christ in a Changing World: Toward an Ethical Christology
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Colombians Speak Out about Violence and U.S. Policy (2003
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Christ in a Changing World: Toward an Ethical Christology
672:. There, in 2017, he became the founding chairperson of
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against Haiti’s first democratically elected president,
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Program in Religious Drama that was being funded by the
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1237:"Un-Gala in Celebration of Anne Barstow and Tom Driver"
806:. Co-edited with Robert Pack New York: Macmillan Co.
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Driver’s thinking about ritual eventuated in the book,
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The Sense of History in Greek and Shakespearean Drama.
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Newsletter of the North American Paul Tillich Society
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The Sense of History in Greek and Shakespearean Drama
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The Sense of History in Greek and Shakespearean Drama
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In addition to the theater reviews that appeared in
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Colombians Speak Out about Violence and U.S. Policy
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Patterns of Grace: Human Experience as Word of God
684:of Union Theological Seminary in New York; see the
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Colombians Speak Out about Violence and U.S. Policy
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1447:"John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Tom F. Driver"
565:Patterns of Grace: Human Experience as Word of God
474:Driver’s 1960 interview in Paris with the author,
386:Department of English and Comparative Literature
341:. His roles for the Duke Players group included
1284:4.3 (Summer): 21-25. Reprinted, pp. 505-08, in
654:Rethinking War, Rethinking Peace, Making Peace
587:in New York as well as in classroom teaching.
1305:Samuel Beckett: A Study of the Short Fiction
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1169:. New York: Church Publishing. p. 235.
958:International Journal of Religious Education
855:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press (reissue of
964:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
421:, as well as an abbreviated version of The
228:Tom F. Driver was born on May 31, 1925, in
1141:Family, residence, and contact information
723:Excellence in Ritual Studies award of the
594:(1991), later revised and re-published as
85:Professor of Theology and Culture Emeritus
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294:Learn how and when to remove this message
815:. New York: Columbia University Press.
1294:The Columbia University Forum Anthology
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987:Oxymoron: The Arts and Sciences Annual
838:. New York: Crossroad Publishing Co.
643:Mountaintop Human Rights Film Festival
628:Witness for Peace also took Driver to
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845:. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco.
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936:Critical Review of Books in Religion
738:Visiting professorships and lectures
314:, a Methodist school, he joined the
276:adding citations to reliable sources
1511:People from Johnson City, Tennessee
1461:"Christian Century | Tom F. Driver"
859:, with new Preface and new title).
494:, by writing a favorable review of
1506:Union Theological Seminary faculty
585:American Museum of Natural History
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1496:21st-century American theologians
1241:The Presbyterian Peace Fellowship
448:, and his brother, the hymnodist
1253:Columbia University Press, 1960.
605:, focused on the ritual life of
601:In 1982, Driver did research in
345:(playing the Gentleman Caller),
333:fraternity, and eventually both
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1121:Union Seminary Quarterly Review
263:needs additional citations for
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16:American theologian (1925–2021)
1088:The New York Times Book Review
349:(playing Mr. Manningham), and
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1501:21st-century American writers
1326:. Johnson Publishing Company.
1280:"Beckett by the Madeleine."
539:Guggenheim Fellowship in 1962
458:Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra
379:Presbyterian Peace Fellowship
218:Presbyterian Peace Fellowship
1433:Senior Advocates for Justice
1380:Colombia - The Next Vietnam?
1264:"CBS Unveils New Oratorio -
1095:Review of Religious Research
1063:The Encyclopedia of Religion
1005:Review of Religious Research
725:American Academy of Religion
674:Senior Advocates for Justice
577:American Academy of Religion
320:Fellowship of Reconciliation
1412:Ritual, Media, and Conflict
869:Colombia, the Next Vietnam?
697:D.Litt. (honorary degree),
634:Colombia, the Next Vietnam?
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946:Educational Theater Review
765:Montclair State University
316:World Federalists Movement
192:Union Theological Seminary
156:Union Theological Seminary
1286:Drama in the Modern World
1282:Columbia University Forum
1133:Women’s Studies Quarterly
1127:United Methodist Reporter
921:Columbia University Forum
401:Rockefeller Brothers Fund
234:Army of the United States
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1323:Black World/Negro Digest
501:Blues for Mister Charlie
1429:"Our Dream for America"
906:Christianity and Crisis
619:Jean-Bertrande Aristide
543:Christianity and Crisis
512:Christianity and Crisis
483:The Reporter (magazine)
460:under the direction of
367:Edna St. Vincent Millay
308:United Methodist Church
125:Susannah Driver Barstow
59:Johnson City, Tennessee
999:Religious Studies News
772:, Dunedin, New Zealand
423:Caucasian Chalk Circle
1301:The Critical Heritage
1058:The Christian Scholar
1052:The Christian Century
1019:Shakespeare Quarterly
888:The Christian Century
718:Guggenheim Fellowship
714:Kent Fellowship, 1953
406:The Christian Century
359:Stephen Vincent Benet
1491:American theologians
1350:Driver, Tom (1998).
1290:Drama and Discussion
1216:"Faculty Emeriti/ae"
911:Church & Society
567:(1977), followed by
440:, about the life of
272:improve this article
1114:Tulane Drama Review
857:The Magic of Ritual
770:University of Otago
754:Doshisha University
749:Columbia University
705:Omicron Delta Kappa
419:D. H. Lawrence
390:Columbia University
343:The Glass Menagerie
335:Omicron Delta Kappa
161:Columbia University
137:Academic background
122:Paul Barstow Driver
1309:Window on the Work
788:The Invisible Fire
760:Fordham University
699:Denison University
650:Church and Society
507:The Fire Next Time
498:’s Broadway play,
438:The Invisible Fire
238:Corps of Engineers
119:Kate Driver Murphy
1176:978-0-8192-3353-0
1101:Theatre Symposium
1068:The Living Pulpit
1045:The Baltimore Sun
901:Christian Thought
692:Awards and honors
678:Dream for America
658:Abu Ghraib prison
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517:The Village Voice
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270:Please help
265:verification
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188:Institutions
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55:May 31, 1925
1486:2021 deaths
1481:1925 births
686:Finding Aid
614:coup d'Ă©tat
561:avant-garde
547:Vietnam War
442:John Wesley
1475:Categories
1149:References
1074:The Nation
941:Crossroads
926:Commonweal
812:Jean Genet
670:New Jersey
664:Retirement
492:Max Ascoli
224:Early life
143:Alma mater
51:1925-05-31
1200:1 October
1038:Soundings
488:King Lear
446:Methodism
1268:, p. 10"
1165:(2017).
882:Articles
630:Colombia
571:(1981).
554:New Left
454:Lawrence
284:May 2019
113:Children
976:Newsday
896:America
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970:motive
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520:, and
361:, and
244:Career
171:Thesis
90:Spouse
61:, U.S.
1385:>.
863:Films
782:Books
608:Vodou
603:Haiti
425:, by
415:David
365:, by
357:, by
101:(
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1358:ISBN
1202:2021
1171:ISBN
916:Clio
337:and
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41:Born
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