73:
900:
717:
1029:
972:
93:
1041:
1017:
887:
As the
Pratihara power declined, the Tomaras established a sovereign principality around Delhi by the 10th century. According to the bardic tradition, the king Anangapal Tuar (that is Anangapala II Tomara; not to be confused with the founder of the Tomara dynasty Anangpal I) founded Delhi in 1052 CE.
991:
The writings of the medieval Muslim historians suggest that a king named
Mahipala was ruling Delhi in the 11th century. Although these medieval historians do not mention the dynasty of this king, he is identified as a Tomara ruler by some modern historians. Some coins featuring crude depictions of a
1259:
When
Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties
1102:
serpent, and that his rule would last as long as the pillar stood upright. Out of curiosity, Anangapala dug out the pillar, only to find it smeared with the blood of Vasuki. Realizing his mistake, the king ordered it to be re-instated, but it remained loose ("dhili"). Because of this, the area came
852:(r. c. 885-910 CE). This undated inscription states that Jaula of the Tomara family became prosperous by serving an unnamed king. His descendants included Vajrata, Jajjuka, and Gogga. The inscription suggests that Gogga was a vassal of Mahendrapala I. It records the construction of three
1260:
were the
Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century.
831:
The
Tomaras are known from some inscriptions and coins. However, much of the information about the dynasty comes from medieval bardic legends, which are not historically reliable. Because of this, the reconstruction of Tomara history is difficult.
1221:
Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the
Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local
1012:
regions from Mawdud. Some fragmentary Tomara inscriptions have been discovered from
Mahipalpur near Delhi. Historian Y. D. Sharma theorizes that Mahipala established a new capital at Mahipalapura (now Mahipialpur).
1123:(Prithviraja III of the Chahamana dynasty of Shakambhari; r. c. 1179-1192 CE). However, this claim is not correct: the historical evidence shows that Prithviraj inherited Delhi from his father
1076:
is also attributed to him. His coins also feature the horseman-and-bull figure, and bear the title "Shri
Samanta-deva". These coins are very similar to those of the Shakambhari Chahamana kings
748:
in India during 8th-12th century. Their rule over this region is attested to by multiple inscriptions and coins. In addition, much of the information about them comes from medieval
799:
in this context). A 14th century inscription states that they built
Dhillika (modern day Delhi) a city in the Haryana region. Around that city is a fortified wall called
938:(c. 944-971 CE) defeated a Tomara leader called Lavana or Salavana. Historian R. B. Singh identifies the defeated ruler as Tejapala. Another fragmentary Chahamana
871:
No information is available about the immediate successors of Gogga. The Pehowa inscription suggests that this particular Tomara family was settled around the
72:
956:
country. This country is identified with the Tomara territory. According to the inscription, Arnoraja's army rendered the waters of the
Kalindi river (
737:
1793:
1729:
1622:
1601:
1470:
1283:
1252:
1214:
1000:
coinage; Mawdud probably adopted this style after capturing the Shahi territories. Mahipala probably imitated the same style after capturing
1828:
1823:
1750:
1704:
1664:
1643:
1555:
1499:
879:
suggested that this Tomara family actually resided in Delhi: they may have visited Pehowa on pilgrimage, and built a temple there.
996:(r. 1041-50 CE), confirming that Mahipala must have ruled in the 11th century. The horseman-and-bull were a characteristic of the
690:
665:
1184:
1124:
1077:
992:
horseman and a bull, and bearing the name "Mahipala", have been attributed to this king. These coins are similar to those of
888:
A 1526 CE source names the successors of Anangapala as Tejapala, Madanapala, Kritapala, Lakhanapala and Prithvipala. The
1813:
78:
1084:, indicating that Anangapala was a contemporary of these 12th century kings. One of the several inscriptions on the
960:) muddy and the women of Hartinaka tearful, but Arnoraja's victory over the Tomaras was not decisive and as his son
907:
1818:
915:
792:
764:
683:
670:
485:
408:
312:
182:
899:
358:
716:
964:
had to fight the Tomaras. This may have been because Anoraja was unsuccessful of getting through the fort
856:
temples by Gogga and his step-brothers Purna-raja and Deva-raja. The temples were located at Prithudaka (
767:
in the 12th century, who took over their capital in Delhi, but who were themselves soon displaced by the
1174:
876:
442:
419:
791:. A 13th century inscription states that the Tomaras ruled the Hariyanaka (Haryana) country before the
1028:
1085:
1045:
914:
Soon after gaining independence, the Tomaras became involved in conflicts with their neighbours, the
1721:
753:
100:
1238:
1153:
1120:
1081:
1033:
919:
430:
398:
273:
156:
31:
971:
565:
1789:
1783:
1767:
1746:
1725:
1700:
1694:
1681:
1660:
1639:
1618:
1597:
1593:
1561:
1551:
1495:
1466:
1460:
1279:
1273:
1248:
1210:
1180:
845:
371:
284:
142:
1715:
1654:
1098:
once told Anangapala (alias Bilan Deo) that the base of the pillar rested on the head of the
1148:
993:
980:
965:
820:
800:
772:
530:
336:
1090:
1049:
872:
865:
796:
491:
298:
1487:
1132:
1116:
1099:
1053:
984:
961:
923:
849:
804:
768:
721:
324:
264:
250:
224:
114:
92:
27:
Indian dynasty who ruled parts of present-day Delhi and Haryana during 9th-12th century
1206:
The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology
1807:
1785:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
1779:
1586:
1234:
1200:
893:
385:
1462:
Decolonising Heritage in South Asia: The Global, the National and the Transnational
1275:
Decolonising Heritage in South Asia: The Global, the National and the Transnational
1136:
1073:
1001:
957:
931:
927:
808:
481:
209:
1761:
1740:
1675:
1633:
1612:
1574:
1545:
1242:
1204:
997:
168:
1119:(also known as Anangapala), handed over the throne of Delhi to his son-in-law
1021:
896:
mentions the coins of Madanapala, Prithvipala and another ruler, Chahadapala.
127:
1685:
1040:
940:
935:
816:
347:
1771:
1565:
1069:
1009:
949:
812:
588:
578:
510:
494:
470:
Location of the Tomaras and neighbouring South Asian polities in 1000 CE.
194:
930:(c. 900 CE) killed the Tomara chief Rudrena (or Rudra) in a battle. The
1128:
1095:
1065:
1016:
953:
788:
745:
17:
840:
The earliest extant historical reference to the Tomaras occurs in the
1635:
The Jat Rulers of Upper Doab: Three Centuries of Aligarh Jat Nobility
1367:
1365:
903:
861:
853:
841:
757:
237:
815:. The Tomara's rule was followed by that of the Chahamanas and the
1104:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1005:
976:
970:
945:
898:
784:
749:
741:
715:
708:
534:
1579:. Vol. 3, Part 1. Indian History Congress / Orient Longmans.
1061:
857:
455:
1139:(Hansi). He probably defeated the Tomara ruler Anangapala III.
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1088:
mentions Anangapala. A medieval legend mentioned in a copy of
1060:
Three Tomara kings seem to have shared the name "Anangapala" (
1382:
1380:
1297:
1295:
1064:: Anaṅgapāla). One of these is said to have established the
1492:
Wrought iron and its decorative use: with 241 illustrations
1115:
The bardic legends state that the last Tomar Rajput king,
922:. According to a 973 CE inscription of the Chahamana king
1179:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 31, 32.
1052:
c.400 CE, was moved to its present location in Delhi by
807:. It is also known that the Tomara kingdom stretched to
783:
The Tomara territory included parts of the present-day
1072:
area. The construction of the Anang Tal tank and the
1494:(reprint ed.). Mineola, N.Y: Dover. p. 4.
1032:
Ancient Hindu and Jain temple pillars reused in the
934:
stone inscription states that Chandana's descendant
1371:
1344:
704:
622:
606:
594:
584:
574:
558:
503:
475:
41:
1585:
1332:
975:Fortified walls of one of the first fortresses in
1446:
1576:A Comprehensive History of India (A. D. 300-985)
1398:
1526:
1356:
1320:
8:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1386:
968:which had been built by the Tomara rulers.
844:inscription issued during the reign of the
1573:D. C. Ganguly (1981). R. S. Sharma (ed.).
1547:Aspects of Indian History and Civilization
38:
1514:
1459:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (5 September 2018).
1301:
1272:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (5 September 2018).
948:museum, mentions that the Chahamana king
1696:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
1588:History and Historians in Ancient India
1165:
1131:inscription of Someshvara, his brother
30:For the 14th-16th century dynasty, see
1094:mentions a legend about the pillar: a
1763:The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty
1465:. Taylor & Francis. p. 142.
1278:. Taylor & Francis. p. 142.
944:(eulogistic inscription), now at the
621:
605:
601:
7:
1107:). This legend is obviously a myth.
1717:Migrant Brāhmaṇas in Northern India
1745:. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass.
1135:had captured Dhillika (Delhi) and
906:, 10-11th century, Punjab, India.
25:
1247:. Psychology Press. p. 117.
1176:A Historical atlas of South Asia
1173:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1103:to be known as "Dhilli" (modern
688:
663:
91:
71:
1209:. Permanent Black. p. 73.
1024:is attributed to a Tomara king
952:(c. 1135-1150 CE) invaded the
1:
1656:The Coinage of Northern India
1614:Haryana, Ancient and Medieval
740:) ruled parts of present-day
736:in modern vernaculars due to
628:
612:
545:
538:
521:
514:
56:
49:
1584:Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1984).
720:Lal Kot - The fort built by
1788:. Pearson Education India.
1693:Sailendra Nath Sen (1999).
763:They were displaced by the
1845:
1739:Dasharatha Sharma (1959).
908:Metropolitan Museum of Art
29:
1829:Medieval history of India
1677:History of the Chāhamānas
916:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
765:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
684:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
671:Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
642:
638:
602:
486:Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
66:
48:
1824:Dynasties of the Rajputs
1372:Dilip Kumar Ganguly 1984
1345:Dilip Kumar Ganguly 1984
1020:The construction of the
1742:Early Chauhān Dynasties
1544:Buddha Prakash (1965).
1333:Sailendra Nath Sen 1999
864:), on the banks of the
752:. They belonged to the
1550:. Shiva Lal Agarwala.
1447:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
1057:
1037:
1025:
988:
911:
725:
624:• Disestablished
497:(10th-12th century CE)
1632:Jagbir Singh (2002).
1611:H. A. Phadke (1990).
1043:
1031:
1019:
974:
902:
719:
559:Common languages
488:(8th-10th century CE)
1760:Roma Niyogi (1959).
1714:Swati Datta (1989).
1674:R. B. Singh (1964).
1086:Iron Pillar of Delhi
1046:iron pillar of Delhi
983:, was built by Raja
1722:Motilal Banarsidass
1592:. Abhinav. p.
1425:, pp. 100–102.
1399:Buddha Prakash 1965
1347:, pp. 116–117.
1239:Rothermund, Dietmar
1127:. According to the
608:• Established
1814:Dynasties of India
1653:P. C. Roy (1980).
1527:Upinder Singh 2008
1357:D. C. Ganguly 1981
1321:D. C. Ganguly 1981
1244:A History of India
1154:History of Haryana
1121:Prithviraj Chauhan
1058:
1038:
1034:Qutb Minar complex
1026:
989:
920:Gahadavala dynasty
912:
726:
32:Tomaras of Gwalior
1795:978-81-317-1677-9
1731:978-81-208-0067-0
1624:978-81-85151-34-2
1603:978-0-391-03250-7
1472:978-0-429-80285-0
1435:H. A. Phadke 1990
1304:, pp. 93–94.
1285:978-0-429-80285-0
1254:978-0-415-32919-4
1216:978-81-7824-088-6
918:and later on the
714:
713:
700:
699:
696:
695:
676:
675:
16:(Redirected from
1836:
1819:History of Delhi
1799:
1775:
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1710:
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1649:
1628:
1607:
1591:
1580:
1569:
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1512:
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1486:Arnold Silcock;
1483:
1477:
1476:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1423:R. B. Singh 1964
1420:
1414:
1413:, p. 51-52.
1411:Roma Niyogi 1959
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1387:Swati Datta 1989
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1375:
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1149:History of Delhi
994:Mawdud of Ghazni
795:and the Shakas (
773:Muhammad of Ghor
730:Tomaras of Delhi
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1228:
1217:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1145:
1113:
1091:Prithviraj Raso
1082:Prithviraja III
1068:citadel in the
1050:Chandragupta II
926:, his ancestor
890:Dravya-Pariksha
885:
866:Sarasvati river
838:
829:
781:
689:
664:
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59:
52:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1776:
1757:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1711:
1705:
1690:
1680:. N. Kishore.
1671:
1665:
1650:
1644:
1629:
1623:
1608:
1602:
1581:
1570:
1556:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:, p. 570.
1519:
1515:P. C. Roy 1980
1507:
1500:
1488:Maxwell Ayrton
1478:
1471:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1401:, p. 182.
1391:
1389:, p. 102.
1376:
1374:, p. 117.
1361:
1359:, p. 705.
1349:
1337:
1335:, p. 339.
1325:
1323:, p. 704.
1306:
1302:P. C. Roy 1980
1291:
1284:
1264:
1253:
1235:Kulke, Hermann
1226:
1215:
1192:
1185:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1133:Vigraharaja IV
1117:Anangpal Tomar
1112:
1109:
1054:Anangpal Tomar
985:Anangpal Tomar
962:Vigraharaja IV
924:Vigraharaja II
894:Thakkura Pheru
884:
881:
850:Mahendrapala I
837:
836:As feudatories
834:
828:
825:
805:Anangpal Tomar
780:
777:
750:bardic legends
738:schwa deletion
722:Anangpal Tomar
712:
711:
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43:Tomara dynasty
42:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1841:
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1791:
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1786:
1781:
1780:Upinder Singh
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1752:9780842606189
1748:
1744:
1743:
1737:
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1727:
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1712:
1708:
1706:9788122411980
1702:
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1668:
1666:9788170171225
1662:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1645:9788179100165
1641:
1638:. Aavishkar.
1637:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1589:
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1567:
1563:
1559:
1557:9780842616812
1553:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1517:, p. 95.
1516:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1501:0-486-42326-3
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1449:, p. 45.
1448:
1443:
1440:
1437:, p. 87.
1436:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1388:
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1368:
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1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
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1329:
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1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
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1292:
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1281:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1201:Upinder Singh
1196:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1166:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
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1138:
1134:
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1126:
1122:
1118:
1110:
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1083:
1079:
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1063:
1055:
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1035:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
986:
982:
978:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
909:
905:
901:
897:
895:
892:(1318 CE) of
891:
883:As sovereigns
882:
880:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
860:: Pṛthūdaka;
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
835:
833:
826:
824:
822:
821:Shihab ad-Din
818:
814:
811:and areas at
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
778:
776:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:Tomar dynasty
732:(also called
731:
723:
718:
710:
707:
705:Today part of
703:
687:
685:
682:
681:
678:
672:
669:
662:
661:
658:
657:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
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637:
627:
611:
597:
593:
590:
587:
583:
580:
577:
573:
567:
564:
563:
561:
557:
536:
532:
529:
512:
509:
508:
506:
502:
496:
493:
490:
487:
483:
480:
479:
478:
474:
461:
459:
448:
446:
436:
434:
425:
423:
414:
412:
402:
391:
389:
379:
377:
366:
364:
353:
342:
340:
330:
328:
318:
316:
306:
304:
292:
290:
279:
277:
268:
258:
256:
243:
241:
230:
228:
217:
215:
202:
199:
188:
186:
176:
173:
162:
160:
150:
148:
135:
133:
120:
118:
108:
106:
94:
86:
84:
74:
65:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1784:
1766:. Oriental.
1762:
1741:
1716:
1695:
1676:
1655:
1634:
1613:
1587:
1575:
1546:
1537:Bibliography
1522:
1510:
1491:
1481:
1461:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1274:
1267:
1258:
1243:
1229:
1220:
1205:
1195:
1175:
1168:
1114:
1089:
1074:Anangpur Dam
1059:
1048:, raised by
1002:Asigarh Fort
990:
939:
913:
889:
886:
870:
839:
830:
819:Sahavadina (
782:
775:in 1192 CE.
762:
733:
729:
727:
653:Succeeded by
652:
647:
482:Vassal state
457:
444:
432:
421:
410:
387:
373:
360:
338:
326:
314:
300:
286:
275:
252:
239:
226:
211:
197:
184:
171:
158:
144:
129:
116:
102:
80:
36:
1699:. New Age.
1659:. Abhinav.
1010:Thaneshvara
998:Kabul Shahi
877:F. Kielhorn
875:. However,
873:Karnal area
648:Preceded by
632: 1152
549: 1152
542: 1052
525: 1052
433:SOMAVAMSHIS
411:BUNDELKHAND
172:PALA EMPIRE
60: 1152
1808:Categories
1617:. Harman.
1222:traditions
1186:0226742210
1160:References
1125:Someshvara
1078:Someshvara
1022:Suraj Kund
987:II in 1052
954:Haritanaka
793:Chahamanas
754:Tomar clan
616: 736
585:Government
566:Apabhraṃśa
518: 736
315:CHAHAMANAS
185:NAGVANSHIS
103:KARAKHANID
81:South Asia
53: 736
941:prashasti
936:Simharaja
846:Pratihara
817:mlechchha
803:built by
779:Territory
575:Religion
492:Sovereign
376:CHALUKYAS
363:CHALUKYAS
130:GHAZNAVID
1782:(2008).
1686:11038728
1490:(2003).
1241:(2004).
1203:(2004).
1143:See also
1070:Mehrauli
950:Arnoraja
928:Chandana
813:Thanesar
589:Monarchy
579:Hinduism
511:Anangpur
495:monarchy
445:KALINGAS
400:KADAMBAS
301:HABBARID
198:KAMARUPA
1772:5386449
1566:6388337
1129:Bijolia
1111:Decline
1096:Brahmin
1066:Lal Kot
981:Lal Kot
966:Lal Kot
827:History
801:Lal Kot
789:Haryana
758:Rajputs
756:of the
746:Haryana
595:History
531:Lal Kot
504:Capital
484:of the
374:EASTERN
361:WESTERN
327:TOMARAS
303:EMIRATE
276:GUJARAT
266:GUHILAS
159:KANNAUJ
147:EMIRATE
105:KHANATE
83:1000 CE
18:Tomaras
1792:
1770:
1749:
1728:
1703:
1684:
1663:
1642:
1621:
1600:
1564:
1554:
1498:
1469:
1282:
1251:
1213:
1183:
1137:Ashika
1100:Vasuki
958:Yamuna
932:Harsha
904:Vishnu
862:Pehowa
854:Vishnu
842:Pehowa
771:ruler
769:Ghurid
598:
476:Status
422:DAHALA
388:CHOLAS
349:SHILA-
287:CHUDA-
240:MARYUL
227:KUMAON
214:SHAHIS
145:MULTAN
132:EMPIRE
117:KHOTAN
1105:Delhi
1006:Hansi
977:Delhi
946:Ajmer
848:king
809:Hansi
797:Turks
785:Delhi
742:Delhi
709:India
535:Delhi
351:HARAS
339:MALWA
289:SAMAS
253:UTPA-
212:HINDU
1790:ISBN
1768:OCLC
1747:ISBN
1726:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1682:OCLC
1661:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1562:OCLC
1552:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1211:ISBN
1181:ISBN
1080:and
1062:IAST
1044:The
1008:and
858:IAST
787:and
744:and
728:The
458:GUGE
1594:117
1004:in
823:).
551:CE)
527:CE)
255:LAS
55:CE–
1810::
1724:.
1720:.
1596:.
1560:.
1379:^
1364:^
1309:^
1294:^
1257:.
1237:;
1219:.
979:,
868:.
760:.
634:CE
629:c.
618:CE
613:c.
546:c.
539:c.
533:,
522:c.
515:c.
62:CE
57:c.
50:c.
1798:.
1774:.
1755:.
1734:.
1709:.
1688:.
1669:.
1648:.
1627:.
1606:.
1568:.
1504:.
1475:.
1288:.
1189:.
1056:.
1036:.
910:.
724:.
544:–
537:(
520:–
513:(
34:.
20:)
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