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Many commentators consider the murder of Tony
Frangieh to be one of the factors in the longevity of the Lebanese Civil War and as the starting point of a deep divide between Lebanese Christians. Some 20,000 mourners attended his funeral, including then-Lebanese Prime Minister
658:
and Jihane, with Vera
Frangieh, whom he married in 1962. His son Suleiman first became the Minister of Public Health at the age of 22, and he served as the Ministry of Interior from 2004 to 2005. He is known to have served with the
69:
585:
The
Lebanese Civil War witnessed many shifting alliances where the allies of today became the enemies of tomorrow. One such falling out occurred between two of the leading Maronite clans, the Frangiehs and the
1150:
496:
638:', "That was the past and it must be forgotten, I do not seek revenge because God is the only judge, thus their conscience will haunt them for the rest of their lives."
631:, attacked and killed Tony Frangieh and his immediate family, thereby eliminating one of the protagonists vying for political power in the Christian Lebanese community.
539:
Tony
Frangieh was an active participant in Lebanese politics and was a member of the Marada Brigade, a Christian militia group that was founded in 1975 by his father.
1054:
612:
This conflict led to the murder of Tony
Frangieh, his wife, Vera (née el Kordahi), and his three-year-old daughter Jihane by Phalangist militiamen, known as the
1110:
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At the end of the 1960s, when factions within
Lebanon started to form militias, the Frangieh clan formed the Marada Brigade, also known as the
558:
Frangieh began his career dealing with his family business. On 25 October 1970, he succeeded his father, Suleiman
Frangieh, as a member of the
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578:(ZLA), under the command of Tony Frangieh. The Marada/ZLA mainly operated out of Tripoli and northern Lebanon, the base of the
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528:; 1 September 1941 – 13 June 1978) was a Lebanese politician and militia commander during the early years of the
1095:
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Suleiman
Frangieh never vowed revenge. As he stated in a documentary on a Lebanese political channel called '
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Under cover of darkness on 13 June 1978, a combined force of 1,200 Phalangists led by
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609:. Militiamen from the Phalange RF and Marada also clashed over protection rackets.
555:, at the latter from 1958 to 1960. He was furthering his studies before his death.
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282:
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Chamussy (René) – Chronique d’une guerre: Le Liban 1975-1977 – éd. Desclée – 1978
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37:
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451:
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1027:(World Leaders Past & Present), Chelsea House Publishers, 1988.
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La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional
591:
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Frangieh was educated at the
College Des Frères Tripoli, first in
117:
907:
By Way of
Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer
757:
P. Edward Haley; Lewis W. Snider; M. Graeme Bannerman (1979).
1044:
994:, Men-at-Arms series 165, Osprey Publishing, London 1985.
975:, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993.
851:"Lebanon's ex-leader vows retribution for slain son"
961:, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001).
765:. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. p.
155:
147:
137:
127:
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57:
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990:Samuel M. Katz, Lee E. Russel, and Ron Volstad,
921:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990
696:
694:
692:
490:
8:
1151:Asian politicians assassinated in the 1970s
942:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
1061:Tony Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree Website
761:Lebanon in Crisis: Participants and Issues
497:
483:
172:
67:
54:
673:List of assassinated Lebanese politicians
1008:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994.
710:. Cornell University Press. p. 8.
688:
180:
909:, St. Martin's Press, New York 1990.
437:Lebanese Forces (Lebanese Resistance)
7:
1111:Postal services ministers of Lebanon
1106:Members of the Parliament of Lebanon
543:Education and early political career
802:Katz, Russel, and Volstad. (1985).
620:, was in Beirut during the murder.
590:. The Frangiehs, who were close to
525:
176:This article is part of a series on
25:
1141:Children of presidents of Lebanon
1091:20th-century Lebanese politicians
1086:Assassinated Lebanese politicians
905:Claire Hoy and Victor Ostrovsky,
1156:Politicians assassinated in 1978
1131:People of the Lebanese Civil War
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260:
253:
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210:
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1116:Government ministers of Lebanon
959:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
734:. PWIP Database. Archived from
536:, a former Lebanese president.
27:Lebanese politician (1941–1978)
973:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
707:The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985
1:
879:Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92
102:Mandate for Syria and Lebanon
944:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
857:. Zagharta. AP. 15 June 1978
1121:Marada Movement politicians
789:Hoy and Ostrovsky. (1990).
654:Frangieh had two children,
526:أنطوان "طوني" سليمان فرنجية
1172:
1101:People murdered in Lebanon
678:List of attacks in Lebanon
31:
992:Armies in Lebanon 1982-84
876:Edgar O'Ballance (1998).
732:"Antoine (Tony) Frangieh"
605:'s growing alliance with
167:
128:Manner of death
66:
599:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
442:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
1045:Al-Marada official site
576:Zgharta Liberation Army
457:Guardians of the Cedars
419:Free Patriotic Movement
923:, Fayard, Paris 2005.
830:From the Holy Mountain
656:Suleiman Frangieh Jr.
817:Civil War in Lebanon
815:O'Ballance. (1998).
532:. He was the son of
1136:People from Zgharta
1023:Matthew S. Gordon,
855:The Palm Beach Post
791:By Way of Deception
594:, were critical of
570:Civil war and death
560:Lebanese Parliament
399:Constitutional Bloc
1096:Lebanese Maronites
940:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
828:William Darymple,
530:Lebanese Civil War
1146:Lebanese warlords
981:978-2-13-045801-2
929:978-2-213-61521-9
838:978-0-00-654774-7
804:Armies in Lebanon
776:978-0-8156-2210-9
717:978-0-8014-9313-3
702:Itamar Rabinovich
646:on 14 June 1978.
601:' militia leader
534:Suleiman Frangieh
518:Suleiman Frangieh
507:
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308:Suleiman Frangieh
293:Bechara El Khoury
183:Maronite politics
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160:Suleiman Frangieh
16:(Redirected from
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76:Personal details
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738:on 4 March 2016
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59:Tony Frangieh
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44: and the
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38:father's name
35:
34:Lebanese name
30:
19:
18:Tony Franjieh
1025:The Gemayels
1024:
1005:
991:
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882:. Palgrave.
878:
871:
859:. Retrieved
854:
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740:. Retrieved
736:the original
726:
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629:Samir Geagea
625:Elie Hobeika
622:
611:
584:
573:
557:
546:
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517:
513:
509:
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283:Samir Geagea
151:Vera Kordahi
113:(1978-06-13)
111:13 June 1978
49:
41:
29:
1081:1978 deaths
1076:1941 births
1057:(in French)
955:Robert Fisk
616:. His son,
328:Michel Aoun
61:طوني فرنجية
46:family name
1070:Categories
861:6 November
684:References
644:Salim Hoss
596:Phalangist
288:Émile Eddé
87:1941-09-01
793:, p. 302.
452:Al-Tanzim
840:, p. 253
819:, p. 79.
704:(1985).
667:See also
618:Suleiman
588:Gemayels
551:then in
431:Militias
356:Frangieh
345:Families
156:Children
50:Frangieh
42:Suleiman
32:In this
806:, p. 8.
742:15 June
564:Zgharta
549:Tripoli
510:Antoine
383:Parties
361:Gemayel
351:Chamoun
122:Lebanon
94:Zgharta
1049:Arabic
1031:
1018:French
1012:
998:
985:French
979:
965:
948:
933:French
927:
913:
886:
836:
773:
714:
607:Israel
553:Beirut
522:Arabic
447:Tigers
404:Kataeb
371:Moawad
366:Khazen
277:People
148:Spouse
36:, the
592:Syria
118:Ehden
1047:(in
1029:ISBN
1016:(in
1010:ISBN
996:ISBN
983:(in
977:ISBN
963:ISBN
946:ISBN
935:) –
931:(in
925:ISBN
911:ISBN
884:ISBN
863:2012
834:ISBN
771:ISBN
744:2012
712:ISBN
627:and
562:for
514:Tony
108:Died
81:Born
636:OTV
48:is
40:is
1072::
957:,
853:.
769:.
691:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
