482:– Rapid software development challenges with no fixed timeline for the competition phase. The first participant who submits a solution satisfying the specifications wins the only prize. In case of defects in a submission, that competitor is provided with review feedback as soon as possible, and allowed to submit again, with no penalty for the failed submission. Typically, such challenges have a small scope, compared to other challenge types.
364:
community, which include: copilots (technical coordinators of challenges), problem writers, reviewers, etc. Since the end of 2014 till the end of 2017, a
Community Advisory Board (CAB) was selected from active community members for a one-year term to help improve communications between Topcoder company and its community. In 2018 the CAB was replaced by the Topcoder MVP (Most Valuable Player) program.
22:
82:
202:
and contestants would compete against each other to solve the same set of problems. The contestants were students from different secondary schools or universities. Cash prizes ranging from $ 5,000 to $ 10,000 per match were secured from corporate sponsors and awarded to tournament winners to generate interest from the student community.
770:. From July 2017 to February 2018 it ran the Functional Map of the World challenge to develop deep learning algorithms capable of scanning and identifying in satellite imagery different classes of objects, such as airports, schools, oil wells, shipyards, or ports . In the ongoing Mercury challenge it aims to create
209:
In an attempt to optimize expenses, Topcoder introduced new competition tracks in 2007-2008 and delegated more work from its employees to the community. By 2009, the size of
Topcoder's staff had been reduced to 16 project managers servicing 35 clients, while the community did most of the actual work
850:
In 2017, NASA, HeroX, and
Topcoder announced a challenge to optimize their computational-intensive software solution for fluid dynamics, FUN3D, which was cancelled later due to a high number of applicants (more than 1,800) during the registration, coupled with concerns about control over the public
682:
is an annual design, software development, data science and competitive programming championship, organized by
Topcoder, and hosted in different venues around the US. Each year, the most successful participants of each competition track included into TCO are selected and invited for a free one-week
565:– Subjectively-judged competition that asks to analyze data and propose the best way to visualize them, along with trends and/or peculiarities in data that should be highlighted. The output of such challenges serves as input into design competition that outputs the actual visualizations of the data.
205:
As the community of designers, developers, data scientists, and competitive programmers involved in
Topcoder grew, the company started to offer software development services to 3rd party clients, contracting individual community members to work on specific tasks. Most of the revenue, though, still
201:
Topcoder was founded in 2001 by Jack Hughes, chairman and
Founder of the Tallan company. The name was formerly spelt as "TopCoder" until 2013. Topcoder ran regular competitive programming challenges, known as Single Round Matches or "SRMs," where each SRM was a timed 1.5-hour algorithm competition
367:
There are four primary segments of each
Topcoder community, open to every member: Design, Development, Data Science, and Competitive Programming. Also, since the end of 2017, Topcoder, as a part of their Hybrid Crowd offering, creates sub-communities dedicated to specific clients/projects. The
227:
Since the end of 2017, Topcoder has continued to offer its enterprise clients the Hybrid Crowd platform, as a way to protect intellectual property in crowdsourcing projects. In addition to the public
Topcoder community, the Hybrid Crowd platform allows for the creation of certified and private
454:
Two particular types of
Topcoder design challenges are LUX (Live User Experience, 24 – 48 hours long) and RUX (Rapid User Experience, three days long). In both cases, more substantial prizes compared to regular design challenges with the similar goals, are offered in exchange for the shorter
363:
While the majority of community members participate in
Topcoder challenges as regular competitors, those who become recognized for their performance, and involvement in community life (via communication in Topcoder forums, attending Topcoder events, etc.), are offered additional roles in the
359:
Topcoder community is the primary source of the workforce behind all Topcoder projects. It is open and global: anybody, with a few legal restrictions dictated by US laws, and listed in Community Terms, can join and compete, without any financial commitment to Topcoder. Also, participation in
360:
challenges organized in the interests of commercial clients generally requires the community member to sign a non-disclosure agreement. Intellectual property for the winning submissions to commercial challenges is passed to the client, in exchange for monetary prizes paid to the winners.
392:– With customer ideas, application and business requirements as input, competitors are challenged to create a black-and-white interactive user experience guide, able to showcase the logic and user-experience with the further application, without spending time on the exact look and feel.
232:, completing a background check, or meeting any other particular certifications. The private communities may include an enterprise's employees and contractors. As the first user of Hybrid Crowd, Wipro integrated its internal (employee-only) crowdsourcing platform TopGear with Topcoder.
580:
The Competitive Programming track of Topcoder community rotates around Single Round Matches (SRMs) – timed 1.5-hour competitions in which all participants compete online trying to solve the same set of problems as fast as possible. These were the first type of challenges at Topcoder.
519:– A week-long algorithmic contest, in which submissions are judged objectively by an automated scoring function that feeds a live leaderboard, and multiple submission from the same competitor is encouraged during the match with no penalty. Programming languages allowed in MMs are
206:
came from consulting services provided to clients by Topcoder employees. From 2006 onwards, Topcoder held design competitions, thus offering design services to their clients. In 2006 Topcoder also started to organize Marathon Matches (MM) – one week long algorithmic contests.
2737:
476:– Generic software development challenges, typically with five day competition phase, and four more days for review, appeals and appeal responses. Usually, two prizes are offered, ~$ 600 - $ 1200 for the winner, and half of that for the second place.
683:
trip to on-site finals, where they compete for prizes, and also socialize with each other, helping to build community spirit among the most active members. In the first two years, 2001 and 2002, the tournament was titled TopCoder Invitational.
813:
humanoid robot; in another challenge, Topcoder members were asked to develop algorithms for optimization of ISS solar arrays usage. Also in 2013 Topcoder helped NASA to develop a software solution for tracking food consumption by astronauts.
972:
In 2013, ~500k registered members was the estimated size of Topcoder community before its merge with ~75k members strong CloudSpokes community. Hence, after the merge the size of resulting community became ~575 000 registered
686:
In addition to the main championship, from 2001 to 2007 Topcoder organized an annual TopCoder Collegiate Challenge tournament, for college students only. Also from 2007 to 2010, a TopCoder High School competition was held.
424:– Competitors develop graphical designs for customer application or website; the deliverables are the actual design specifications (graphical images with associated measurements, font details, etc.) for software developers.
874:, announced the launch of Topcoder Veterans Community, that will focus on helping US military veterans to make their way into tech careers in software development via education programs and paid crowdsourcing challenges.
498:
development. Typically, they are reviewed by scorecards paying more attention to the exact match with provided visual design specifications, and include additional phases for final fixes, compared to the regular code
508:
There are several types of data science challenges at Topcoder; typically, they are longer than software development challenges and focused on data science and algorithms, rather than on end-user software products:
2608:
1408:
1537:
217:, and the Topcoder community (of around 500 thousand at the time), was merged, under the Topcoder brand, with the 75k member crowdsourcing community Cloudspokes, created and managed by Appirio.
2183:
228:
crowdsourcing communities. Its certified communities include members of public Topcoder communities who are vetted for a customer's specific requirements, such as signing an additional
210:
via crowdsourcing. Topcoder representatives claim that at this point their community had about 170k registered members, and the company's annual revenue was approximately $ 19 million.
189:. Topcoder pays community members for their work on the projects and sells community services to corporate, mid-size, and small-business clients. Topcoder also organizes the annual
847:, to come up with an algorithm that finds correlations between ultra-low frequency electromagnetic signals emanating from the earth, and subsequent moderate and large earthquakes.
1382:
1837:
1201:
430:– More informal design challenges, where participants should turn client idea into a design, which is not meant to be used for the actual development without further processing.
2738:"TopCoder Teams with NASA and National Geographic Emerging Explorer Albert Lin to Create a Powerful Algorithm that Identifies Human-Built Structures in Genghis Khan's Homeland"
1084:
1486:
794:
services, in particular. Within this partnership, Topcoder has created a dedicated Cognitive sub-community and run numerous educational and customer-oriented challenges.
455:
timeline. Short timelines allow Topcoder managers to demonstrate to customers how crowdsourcing works on real cases, during live, and few-days meetings with the clients.
883:
763:
1511:
832:
In 2014, Asteroid Data Hunter, Asteroid Tracker, and many other challenges were carried on to develop better algorithms for asteroids detection in space images.
1563:
589:
The following table includes the list of Topcoder sub-communities dedicated to specific technologies and/or clients (within their Hybrid Crowd offering). See
2383:
2919:
2686:
1329:
2712:
1278:
3049:
1460:
2581:
747:
successfully used Topcoder Community to solve complex biological problems. Researchers say that Topcoder competitors approached the biology-related
2409:
2239:
1434:
3252:
809:
In 2013, NASA Tournament Lab cooperated with Topcoder to run data-science challenges targeting to improve computer vision algorithms for their
2066:
3023:
2212:
553:– Algorithmic contests scored by an automated scoring function, where the first competitor that reaches the specified score thresholds wins.
774:
for automated prediction of critical events, involving military action, non-violent civil unrest, and infectious diseases in Middle East.
539:. Topcoder has organized Marathon Matches since 2006, and 100th MM was held in April 2018. There are few similar types of challenges (
2511:
2290:
Lakhani KR, Boudreau KJ, Loh PR, Backstrom L, Baldwin C, Lonstein E, Lydon M, McCormack A, Arnaout RA, Guinan EC (February 7, 2013).
2944:
2139:
1113:
61:
2633:
2660:
398:– Competitors are asked to develop an idea proposed by the customer, with a written report or visual presentation as deliverables.
2764:
1304:
918:
2970:
2485:
2867:
1252:
1722:
855:
532:
3152:
2096:
1616:
711:
projects, to promote the Topcoder Blockchain Community, and provide ConsenSys with design and development support for their
3257:
528:
174:
2460:
1171:
1058:
43:
2530:
1748:
3100:
1696:
859:
524:
1946:
1226:
1892:
1866:
727:
would use Topcoder platform to crowdsource development of IT applications for its global drug discovery operations.
806:
asked the Topcoder community to optimize the contents of medical kits for future human space exploration missions.
822:
32:
1202:"Appirio Buys TopCoder To Add More Crowdsourcing, And 500K Developers And Designers, To Its CloudSpokes Network"
913:
381:
229:
3075:
2339:
Eisenstein, Michael (July 9, 2013). "Crowdsourced contest identifies best-in-class breast cancer prognostic".
3224:
771:
767:
740:
186:
2841:
871:
840:
744:
736:
559:– A series of rapid data-science challenges, scored by a manual scoring function, and with no leaderboard.
1538:"Appirio and Industry Leaders Host 2014 Topcoder Open to Celebrate How Developers Are Changing the World"
2184:"Topcoder Launches Crowdsourcing Community to Help U.S. Military Veterans Transition to Technology Jobs"
2016:
752:
724:
1790:
2556:
1918:
961:
178:
1972:
854:
In 2018, a data science challenge is running currently to develop better algorithms for tracking of
1769:
898:
844:
818:
787:
647:
495:
412:
2265:"Solving big-data bottleneck: Scientists team with business innovators to tackle research hurdles"
1816:
224:
as a part of a $ 500 million deal and continued to operate as a separate company under its brand.
2364:
2264:
1141:
2789:
1564:"Top programmers and Designers Travel to Compete in the 2015 Topcoder Open India Regional Event"
571:– A challenge to discover new data/approaches/ideas for a problem with the help of a community.
2356:
2321:
791:
651:
536:
388:
96:
92:
2996:
2815:
1356:
690:
Since 2015, Topcoder Regional events have been held through the year in different countries.
3178:
2348:
2311:
2303:
1990:
1838:"Topcoder Launches Hybrid Crowd to Deliver New Levels of On-Demand Talent to the Enterprise"
938:
434:
368:
sub-communities may require members to meet additional eligibility criteria before joining.
1589:
903:
408:
1671:
470:– Challenges concentrate on fixes of numerous small bugs in an existing software product.
1036:
3247:
2316:
2291:
404:
137:
751:
challenge, and managed to create a more accurate and 1000 times faster alternative of
488:– Challenges focused on testing and search for bugs in the provided software products.
3241:
679:
190:
170:
3050:"Faster Supercomputer! NASA Announces The High Performance Fast Computing Challenge"
2893:
2687:"Optimizing the ISS solar arrays, a Python solution to the NASA Longeron Challenge"
928:
826:
182:
2368:
836:
445:
100:
3219:
1085:"Don't Retrain Your Team - Instead, Tap The Expertise Of Git Workers On Demand"
2461:"IBM Watson, Topcoder bring AI capabilities to more than 1 million developers"
2410:"IARPA, Lockheed researchers prepare to retrain algorithms for government use"
2292:"Prize-based contests can provide solutions to computational biology problems"
908:
893:
888:
712:
624:
420:
3229:
2434:
1512:"Leaders in Change and Innovation to Keynote TopCoder Open Innovation Summit"
960:
The first Marathon Match at Topcoder took place from May 10 to May 17, 2006:
668:
Educational and paid software development projects for US military veterans.
766:
organization collaborates with Topcoder to create innovative algorithms for
704:
616:
3076:"NASA Wants Your Code! Boost Supercomputer Software Speed and Win $ 55,000"
2360:
2325:
985:= any Topcoder member can join; otherwise additional eligibility conditions
81:
2661:"NASA, TopCoder Announce $ 30,000 Contest to Maximize Power Output to ISS"
1383:"With the acquisition of Appirio, Wipro expects to stay ahead of the game"
1253:"Topcoder lets developers compete to build the best app for your business"
2352:
1435:"Wipro Converging its Crowdtesting Activities Around QaaS & Topcoder"
810:
748:
708:
628:
590:
2868:"Nasa Asteroid Data Hunter contest hopes humans will outsmart dinosaurs"
2582:"TopCoder Community Refines Medical Kits For Future NASA Space Missions"
2384:"Differentiating a port from a shipyard is a new kind of problem for AI"
214:
3127:
2097:"ConsenSys, Topcoder Partner to Create Ethereum Engineering Community"
2067:"Topcoder, ConsenSys partner to create blockchain engineers community"
786:
has been collaborating with Topcoder to promote their cloud platform,
2634:"NASA + Topcoder Team-Up on an Advanced Robotics Algorithm Challenge"
2307:
2213:"Topcoder provides employment opportunities for US Military veterans"
1646:
923:
835:
In 2015, the Topcoder Data Science community was challenged by NASA,
2140:"Topcoder and IBM Partner to Bring Watson to the Topcoder Community"
520:
2512:"IBM Launches Experimental Platform to Embed Watson in Any Device"
2121:
2042:
1487:"Wipro Launches Hybrid Crowd In Move To Capture Digital Expertise"
962:
https://community.topcoder.com/tc?module=MatchDetails&rd=10015
463:
Software development segment of Topcoder community is focused on:
221:
142:
1409:"We have put in the basic ingredients to execute well: Wipro COO"
2765:"Calit2 Research Scientist Albert Lin Teams with TopCoder, NASA"
2165:
933:
803:
3179:"NASA International Space Station RFID Localization Challenge"
3153:"NASA International Space Station RFID Localization Challenge"
2842:"NASA Offers Cash Prizes for Help Hunting Dangerous Asteroids"
2486:"IBM's Watson & Cloud Now Available to Topcoder Community"
825:
to develop an algorithm to identify human-built structures in
783:
639:
15:
2894:"NASA taps massive coding community for deep space solutions"
1461:"Wipro's Top Gear: A new work construct in the 'digital' age"
1059:"TopCoder's 5 Steps to Building a Global Workforce Community"
3128:"NASA Cancels its High Performance Fast Computing Challenge"
3101:"NASA Issues a Challenge to Speed Up Its Supercomputer Code"
2971:"NASA Plans To Deploy These Crowdsourcing Projects In Space"
2920:"NASA Is Contest-Sourcing Solutions to Its Deepest Problems"
2531:"Build Better Government on Blockchain - TopCoder Challenge"
3208:
1330:"India - Wipro to Acquire Cloud Services Company, Appirio"
870:
At the end of 2017 Topcoder, together with Operation Code
593:
section for further information on these sub-communities.
153:
2713:"NASA Asks The "Crowd" To Help Track What Astronauts Eat"
2609:"NASA and TopCoder to issue Robonaut 2 "sight" challenge"
1407:
Peermohamed, Alnoor; Krishnan, Raghu (January 25, 2017).
1037:"TopCoder (A): Developing Software through Crowdsourcing"
817:
In another challenge, Topcoder community helped NASA and
547:), different by length and allowed programming languages.
1697:"The Topcoder Community Advisory Board is Finally Here!"
220:
In 2016, Topcoder, along with Appirio, was acquired by
39:
1114:"Genesis to Acquisition: Mike Morris, CEO of Topcoder"
1305:"Wipro is buying cloud consultant Appirio for $ 500M"
1227:"Appirio officially unifies CloudSpokes and topcoder"
31:
may contain excessive or inappropriate references to
2820:
Solar System Exploration Research. Virtual Institute
193:
tournament and a series of smaller regional events.
1052:
1050:
148:
136:
122:
114:
106:
88:
2945:"Name NASA New Free-Flying Robot and Win $ 1,000!"
1035:Lakhani KR, Garvin DA, Lonstein E (January 2010).
703:In 2017, Topcoder entered into a partnership with
1279:"Appirio's TopCoder too is a big catch for Wipro"
3024:"NASA High Performance Fast Computing Challenge"
2557:"IBM Brings Low-Code App Development to Bluemix"
884:ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest
764:Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
2240:"Eli Lilly aims to tap "rock star" programmers"
1973:"Marathon Match 100 with Prizes & T-Shirts"
1617:"We are banking on digital to drive our growth"
735:In 2013, it was reported that researchers from
2997:"NASA hosts "Quest for Quakes" data challenge"
1590:"Topcoder Community: 1 Million Members Strong"
1615:Kannan, Uma; Vijayakumar, N V (May 5, 2018).
8:
1791:"Introducing the 2018 Topcoder MVP Members!"
591:TopCoder § Notable Clients and Projects
448:, print materials, PowerPoint presentations.
74:
1672:"Terms & Conditions of Use at Topcoder"
1485:Bendor-Samuel, Peter (December 18, 2017).
1357:"Wipro bids for As-a-Service... with Abid"
851:distribution of the software to optimize.
239:
80:
73:
2315:
376:Topcoder design community is focused on:
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
3054:Universe Today. Space and Astronomy News
595:
1991:"Marathon Match 100: Winners and More!"
1381:Mendonca, Jochelle (October 24, 2016).
998:
950:
2435:"Mercury Challenge Data Science Match"
2408:Jackson, Monica (September 19, 2018).
2207:
2205:
2095:Pimentel, David (September 29, 2017).
2090:
2088:
2061:
2059:
1433:Raviart, Dominique (October 4, 2017).
1142:"Marathon Matches: How They All Began"
2918:Teitel, Amy Shira (August 10, 2014).
2711:Burke, Adrienne (February 26, 2013).
1941:
1939:
1861:
1859:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1277:Phadnisi, Shilpa (October 21, 2016).
1251:Weinberger, Matt (January 15, 2014).
1200:Lunden, Ingrid (September 17, 2013).
1170:Kanaracus, Chris (October 15, 2008).
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
241:Estimated size of Topcoder community
42:by removing references to unreliable
7:
2459:Moore, Madison (November 10, 2016).
2382:Cebul, Daniel (September 18, 2018).
2238:Havenstein, Heather (May 18, 2008).
1225:Clancy, Heather (January 21, 2014).
1194:
1192:
1165:
1163:
1136:
1134:
1107:
1105:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
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1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
956:
954:
46:where they are used inappropriately.
2763:Ramsey, Doug (September 13, 2013).
2685:Zimmer, Sylvan (February 6, 2013).
1770:"Community Advisory Board Yearbook"
1723:"Topcoder Community Advisory Board"
1057:Diamandis, Peter (March 20, 2013).
627:technology projects, with focus on
3215:Business data for Topcoder, Inc.:
2659:Miller, Sarah (January 18, 2013).
2535:IBM Middleware User Community Blog
1355:Fersht, Phil (November 29, 2016).
1112:Mitra, Sramana (January 2, 2018).
1083:Winsor, John (February 20, 2019).
213:In 2013, Topcoder was acquired by
14:
3126:Murtha, Maureen (June 16, 2017).
1303:Sayer, Peter (October 20, 2016).
2790:"Asteroid Data Hunter Challenge"
2607:Kolawole, Emi (March 29, 2013).
2529:Meren, Kathryn (July 20, 2017).
919:Internet Problem Solving Contest
20:
2555:Taft, Darryl (April 13, 2017).
2043:"Topcoder Blockchain Community"
1749:"2017 Community Advisory Board"
1459:Pai, Siddharth (June 6, 2017).
1118:One Million by One Million Blog
93:Information Technology Staffing
3048:Williams, Matt (May 5, 2017).
2892:Otto, Greg (August 12, 2014).
2122:"Topcoder Cognitive Community"
1947:"Data Science Challenge Types"
665:Only for US military veterans
1:
3253:Companies established in 2001
2840:Wall, Mike (March 11, 2014).
1893:"Development Challenge Types"
1867:"Choosing a Design Challenge"
723:It was reported in 2008 that
650:, with a particular focus on
3074:O'Neill, Ian (May 8, 2017).
2949:Applied Technology Institute
1172:"TopCoder eyeing SMB market"
1041:Harvard Business School Case
841:Harvard Crowd Innovation Lab
694:Notable clients and projects
551:Data Science First to Finish
866:Topcoder Veterans Community
860:International Space Station
585:Specialized sub-communities
421:Applications and Web Design
3274:
2816:"Asteroid Data Hunter App"
1334:Staffing Industry Analysts
858:-tagged items within the
768:intelligence applications
169:(formerly TopCoder) is a
79:
3022:Gee, Sue (May 8, 2017).
914:ICFP Programming Contest
494:– Challenges focused on
382:Information Architecture
249:Num. registered members
2975:Fast Company. Fast Feed
741:Harvard Business School
576:Competitive programming
187:competitive programmers
2126:cognitive.topcoder.com
1647:"Topcoder Help Center"
745:London Business School
737:Harvard Medical School
731:Harvard Medical School
33:self-published sources
2170:veterans.topcoder.com
719:Eli Lilly and Company
613:Blockchain Community
569:Data Science Ideation
480:First-to-Finish (F2F)
175:open global community
3258:Programming contests
3159:. September 27, 2018
2744:. September 12, 2013
2691:Sylvan Zimmer's Blog
2353:10.1038/nbt0713-578b
2341:Nature Biotechnology
2296:Nature Biotechnology
2073:. September 29, 2017
2021:Topcoder Help Center
1951:Topcoder Help Center
1897:Topcoder Help Center
1871:Topcoder Help Center
1727:Topcoder Help Center
1651:Topcoder Help Center
636:Cognitive Community
101:Outsourcing services
3132:NASA Tournament Lab
2742:CISION. PR NewsWire
2613:The Washington Post
2518:. November 9, 2016.
2492:. November 10, 2016
2219:. December 18, 2017
2190:. December 14, 2017
2188:Wipro Press Release
2146:. November 10, 2016
1844:. December 12, 2017
1063:The Huffington Post
899:Facebook Hacker Cup
845:Amazon Web Services
819:National Geographic
680:Topcoder Open (TCO)
659:Veterans Community
648:Cognitive computing
557:Data Science Sprint
545:Mini-Marathon Match
442:Presentation Design
321:~500 000 – 600 000
305:~160 000 – 170 000
242:
76:
2951:. October 16, 2014
2640:. February 6, 2016
2271:. February 7, 2013
1873:. January 19, 2018
1797:. January 25, 2018
1729:. February 9, 2018
1703:. October 31, 2014
1544:. October 29, 2014
1542:CISION PR Newswire
1518:. October 15, 2013
1387:The Economic Times
1361:Horses for Sources
1336:. October 24, 2016
1283:The Times of India
1198:TechCrunch report
872:non-profit charity
707:, an incubator of
563:Data Visualization
240:
236:Topcoder community
3107:. October 1, 2014
2665:Nature World News
1979:. April 11, 2018.
1570:. August 20, 2015
725:Eli Lilly and Co.
672:
671:
486:Quality Assurance
357:
356:
164:
163:
72:
71:
64:
3265:
3212:
3211:
3209:Official website
3194:
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2866:Dredge, Stuart.
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2796:. March 17, 2014
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2023:. April 25, 2017
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1953:. March 3, 2017
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2977:. July 8, 2014
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2347:(7): 578–580.
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1997:. May 4, 2018
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1977:Topcoder Blog
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1919:"What is QA?"
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1596:. May 8, 2016
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