1191:
36:
1333:), who were descended from another unnamed brother of Can Gabeti. However, the alleged connection with Toplana and Shllaku is not supported by genetic results, which indicate that the Toplana and Shllaku are related to one another but do not have blood ties with the Gashi. It is claimed that the brothers arrived from the tribal territory occupied by the
1478:
tribe and that their annual death-rate from gunshot wounds was around double that of the other
Albanian tribes. According to Nopcsa's statistics compiled between 1894 and 1904, the Toplana had the highest percentage of violent deaths, at a percentage of 42.3%. George Gawrych notes that this was due
1341:; tradition holds that they were pushed out of the region following the arrival and expansion of the aforementioned tribe. The Toplana could trace their ancestry 13 generations back and thus Nopcsa argued that their forefather left Shllaku in ca. 1524 or earlier. The
1239:("warm") and may be in reference to warm mineral springs or lakes. However, this seems unlikely given the region's colder climate and lack of such warm bodies of water. The other and more plausible theory argues that the toponym is a compound of Albanian
1368:
maintained that only a part of the
Toplana stemmed from the territory of Vasojevići and that, according to his estimations, their ancestors had arrived by ca. 1450. According to him, the majority of Toplana traces its patrilineal ancestry back to the
1463:. In the report of the French consul Hyacinthe Hecquard (1814–1866), Toplana had 53, and it is estimated that the population may have been around 400 people during the late nineteenth century. In 1918,
1376:
who had also arrived earlier from
Montenegro, as well as to other patrilineages or brotherhoods who had arrived from outside of Toplana. Valentini also tells that a branch of the Toplana under
1676:
Lee, Wayne; Lubin, Matthew & Ndreca, Eduard (December 31, 2013) . "Chapter Four: Archival
Historical Research". In Galaty, Michael; Lafe, Ols; Lee, Wayne & Tafilica, Zamir (eds.).
1177:
1198:
as of 1918 from Franz Seiner. Toplana located in section 62, between
Dushmani, Shkreli, MĂ«rturi, and Berisha. Name does not appear on the map, but inside the legend.
1170:
1310:
1235:
1420:
of
Petrishpan-ili. It subsequently appears in various maps and sources from the seventeenth century, such as in a relation of 1671-2 by
1748:
1611:
1365:
1380:
had migrated from
Koprati to Iballë in the year 1600. The Toplana and Shllaku do not intermarry due to shared patrilineal kinship.
1163:
919:
1145:
1095:
1190:
1233:
is unclear and a matter of contestation. One theory maintains that the toponym is ultimately derived from Proto-Slavic
1081:
900:
967:
1785:
977:
962:
957:
815:
1051:
1313:
recorded an oral tradition of the
Toplana which maintained that they were descended from the younger brother of
952:
1448:
1431:) which records Toplana as having 22 houses and 120 inhabitants. It further informs that the tribe had five
905:
841:
1395:
that were expelled by the expanding Shala tribe. Valentini also considers them to be from the
Bardhaj.
1057:
1738:
1326:
1281:
Toplana is situated on the northern banks of the River Drin in the easternmost section of the former
1076:
1070:
1029:
249:
1349:. Nopcsa also reported that, during the eighteenth century, a branch of the Toplana under a certain
1285:
and its main settlements are Serme and
Toplane. It borders the historical tribal territories of the
1790:
1706:
1480:
1282:
1440:
731:
409:
150:
1744:
1607:
1432:
1413:
947:
588:
569:
1298:
1012:
746:
613:
380:
354:
184:
96:
91:
1452:
1421:
1294:
1099:
1066:
1003:
832:
790:
760:
335:
306:
189:
77:
27:
632:
608:
395:
125:
101:
1464:
1444:
1404:
1286:
1206:
860:
652:
627:
530:
349:
288:
170:
130:
1569:
1779:
1392:
1334:
1322:
1262:
1261:("flat" or "plain") and is found across northern Albania (e.g., the nearby region of
1086:
642:
520:
495:
475:
274:
229:
165:
67:
1679:
Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania
1660:
1496:
1471:
1436:
1214:
755:
545:
446:
400:
375:
365:
239:
224:
160:
62:
1601:
1345:(indigenous) population was driven out and reduced to a single settlement called
1045:
855:
736:
726:
672:
1338:
1290:
1257:
1105:
1039:
846:
741:
573:
455:
269:
140:
52:
1740:
The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913
1677:
1460:
1456:
998:
765:
676:
662:
559:
540:
135:
1354:
1241:
1136:
1024:
827:
697:
618:
390:
1467:
authorities recorded that Toplana had 52 households and 254 inhabitants.
1499:. They celebrate his feast day on 22–3 April, and marks the beginning of
1129:
1123:
982:
820:
716:
702:
692:
593:
583:
460:
330:
259:
120:
106:
72:
1495:
The people of Toplana are Catholics and venerate Saint George as their
1417:
1318:
1218:
1117:
994:
914:
687:
598:
554:
490:
465:
436:
431:
385:
340:
316:
311:
204:
199:
194:
175:
82:
1247:
1500:
1424:
1408:
1111:
1019:
989:
972:
895:
867:
712:
637:
603:
515:
505:
441:
283:
1574:. Bern: Peter Lang International Academic Publishers. p. 177.
1387:, which is mentioned in the legends of the Toplana, was among the
1189:
1033:
1007:
836:
479:
420:
321:
264:
234:
214:
111:
1662:
Il Diritto delle ComunitĂ - Nella Tradizione Giuridica Albanese
1213:) and ethnographic region located on the northern banks of the
1627:
1511:
Among the brotherhoods and families of the Toplana are the:
1589:. Tiranë: Akademia e studimeve albanologjike. p. 500.
1603:
The tribes of Albania : History, Society and Culture
1297:
to the south-east on the other side of the Drin, and the
1762:
1760:
1720:
1718:
1571:
Das slavische Lehngut im Albanischen. Teil 2: Ortsnamen
1265:). This is further supported by the fact that the form
1353:
migrated from their native homeland to the village of
1682:. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. p. 56.
1587:
Shqipëria mesjetare në toponomastikë dhe onomastikë
35:
16:
Region in northern Albania; historic Albanian tribe
1321:. As such they were also related to a part of the
1711:. Academy of Sciences of Albania. p. 152.
1606:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 143.
1171:
8:
1665:. Florence: Vallecchi Editore. p. 359.
1178:
1164:
940:
888:
808:
786:
48:
18:
1692:
1474:noted that the Toplana were an extremely
1459:was not in use and how the locals had no
1269:is attested and used. The micro-toponym
1560:
711:
671:
651:
568:
529:
504:
474:
418:
363:
297:
248:
213:
149:
51:
26:
1251:(both roughly meaning "to" or "at") +
1766:
1743:. London: IB Tauris. pp. 31–32.
1724:
1646:
1317:who was the forefather of the nearby
7:
1708:Defter i Sanxhakut të Shkodrës 1485
1416:as an abandoned settlement in the
1337:in the highlands of north-eastern
14:
1455:. Gaspari also mentions how the
34:
920:Reconciliation Movement in 1990
1311:Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás
791:Kanun (Albanian customary law)
1:
1479:to the extreme prevalence of
1357:and expelled the local Gruda
1659:Valentini, Giuseppe (1956).
1255:which is derived from Latin
901:Albanian National Awakening
1807:
1737:Gawrych, George (2006).
1441:Assumption of the Virgin
1705:Pulaha, Selami (1974).
1487:) among the tribesmen.
1403:Toplana appears in the
906:Albanian revolt of 1911
1600:Elsie, Robert (2015).
1199:
1568:Ylli, Xhelal (2000).
1273:is found in Toplana.
1193:
1146:Traditional tattooing
1451:, and the church of
1439:, the church of the
1383:The related Koprati
250:Highlands of Gjakova
1585:Luka, Kolë (2019).
1364:On the other hand,
1301:to the south-west.
1293:to the north-east,
861:Bukë, Kripë e Zemër
22:Part of a series on
1366:Giuseppe Valentini
1331:Malësia e Gjakovës
1200:
151:Dukagjin highlands
45:Tribes and regions
1786:Tribes of Albania
1628:"Gashi – Rrënjët"
1427:Stefano Gaspari (
1414:Sanjak of Scutari
1327:Gjakova Highlands
1229:The etymology of
1188:
1187:
1153:
1152:
1052:Kângë Kreshnikësh
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1597:
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1470:Both Nopcsa and
1465:Austro-Hungarian
1447:, the church of
1443:, the church of
1429:Shtjefën Gaspari
1412:of 1485 for the
1283:Shkodër District
1205:is a historical
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49:
38:
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19:
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1453:Saint Veneranda
1449:Saint Catherine
1401:
1325:tribe from the
1307:
1279:
1227:
1184:
1155:
1154:
1142:
1091:
1062:
1058:Kângë majekrahi
938:
930:
929:
924:
915:Kachak movement
910:
886:
878:
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851:
806:
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797:
784:
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707:
667:
647:
623:
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451:
414:
405:
359:
345:
326:
293:
279:
244:
209:
180:
145:
116:
87:
53:Malësia e Madhe
46:
28:Albanian tribes
17:
12:
11:
5:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1769:, p. 143.
1756:
1749:
1729:
1727:, p. 144.
1714:
1697:
1695:, p. 237.
1693:Valentini 1956
1685:
1668:
1651:
1649:, p. 145.
1639:
1619:
1612:
1592:
1577:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1508:
1505:
1492:
1489:
1445:Saint Nicholas
1400:
1397:
1306:
1303:
1278:
1275:
1226:
1223:
1207:Albanian tribe
1186:
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659:
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653:Old Montenegro
649:
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531:Albania Veneta
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15:
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2:
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1750:9781845112875
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1324:
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1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:to the west,
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1268:
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1078:
1077:Sworn virgins
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25:
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20:
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1507:Brotherhoods
1497:patron saint
1494:
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1475:
1472:Edith Durham
1469:
1437:Saint George
1428:
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1393:Shala Valley
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1217:in northern
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1120:
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1102:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1020:Gjamë/Vajtim
298:Puka-Mirdita
1549:Prezhmeshaj
1481:blood feuds
1361:to Koprat.
1329:(Albanian:
1271:Qafë Planës
1071:Sword dance
1030:Epic poetry
856:Hospitality
673:Herzegovina
1780:Categories
1767:Elsie 2015
1725:Elsie 2015
1647:Elsie 2015
1633:2023-10-14
1555:References
1485:gjakmarrje
1435:: that of
1378:Frrok Kola
1339:Montenegro
1335:Vasojevići
1315:Can Gabeti
1215:River Drin
1106:Fustanella
847:Gjakmarrja
742:Malakasioi
732:Kurveleshi
679:hinterland
633:Palabardhi
589:Bratonishi
419:Zadrimë -
1533:Gjoklekaj
1513:Ndrepepaj
1461:vestments
1457:Eucharist
1351:Pep Marku
1309:In 1907,
1277:Geography
1225:Etymology
1194:Albanian
999:Kulshedra
766:Souliotes
663:Goljemadi
609:Malonšići
560:Kakarriqi
541:Pamalioti
482:highlands
423:highlands
410:Kastrioti
355:Dukagjini
136:Lepuroshi
1537:Gjomicaj
1491:Religion
1433:churches
1422:Catholic
1299:Dushmani
1130:Xhubleta
1124:Xhamadan
1096:Clothing
948:Paganism
805:Concepts
783:Law code
761:Zenevisi
747:Mazaraki
717:Chameria
693:Mataruga
614:Mataguzi
594:Bytadosi
584:Bukumiri
461:Kryezezi
260:Krasniqi
185:Dushmani
121:Gruemiri
107:Marsheni
92:Kastrati
73:Kelmendi
1791:Malësia
1545:Kolicaj
1541:Mertiaj
1529:Malutaj
1418:nahiyah
1405:Ottoman
1399:History
1391:of the
1371:Bardhaj
1319:Shllaku
1295:Berisha
1291:MĂ«rturi
1231:Toplana
1219:Albania
1203:Toplana
1196:bayraks
1118:Qeleshe
1040:Çifteli
995:Drangue
937:Culture
885:History
688:Burmazi
677:Ragusan
555:Kryethi
496:Gjonima
491:Progani
466:Manatia
456:Bulgëri
437:Bushati
432:Zadrima
341:Kabashi
336:Qerreti
312:Mirdita
307:Berisha
270:MĂ«rturi
205:Prekali
200:Mazreku
195:Mavriqi
190:Toplana
176:Shllaku
97:Trieshi
83:Rrjolli
78:Shkreli
1747:
1610:
1547:, and
1501:summer
1425:bishop
1409:defter
1355:Iballë
1347:Gjuraj
1305:Origin
1287:Shoshi
1258:planus
1236:*toplŃŠ
1137:Çorape
1112:Opinga
1067:Dances
1046:Fyelli
1034:Lahutë
1025:Muranë
990:Vitore
978:Zjarri
973:Prende
963:Dielli
958:Qielli
896:Bajrak
868:Honour
828:Muranë
816:Zjarri
713:Epirus
698:Ĺ panji
638:Rogami
619:Mugoša
604:Macure
546:Mahine
521:Muzaka
506:Myzeqe
442:Renesi
391:Arrëni
364:Upper
350:Selita
322:Malziu
289:Morina
284:Bytyqi
171:Shoshi
1525:Bicaj
1521:Geraj
1517:Lekaj
1323:Gashi
1267:Tplan
1263:Plani
1253:planë
1082:Kulla
1008:Fatia
983:Vatër
837:Fatia
821:Vatër
756:Spata
737:Losha
703:KriÄŤi
643:Vasaj
628:Pipri
480:Kruja
421:Lezha
396:Dibra
331:Thaçi
275:Gashi
265:Nikaj
235:Xhani
230:Plani
166:Shala
131:Lohja
68:Gruda
1745:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1476:wild
1389:anas
1343:anas
1100:Brez
1013:Zana
968:HĂ«na
953:Dheu
842:Besa
599:Kuçi
574:Zeta
570:Brda
516:Lalë
476:Mati
447:Vela
401:Sopa
386:Lura
381:Luma
376:Hasi
366:Drin
317:Puka
240:Suma
225:Kiri
215:Pult
161:Bobi
141:Boga
126:Reçi
112:Tuzi
102:Koja
63:Hoti
1385:fis
1374:fis
1359:fis
1245:or
1211:fis
1087:Oda
1004:Ora
997:vs
833:Ora
727:Bua
1782::
1759:^
1717:^
1551:.
1543:,
1539:,
1535:,
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1248:tu
1242:të
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1098:(
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