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327:). By contrast the Scottish Cairngorms, which is the other classic granite tor concentration in Britain, the oldest tors dated are between 200 and 675 thousand years of exposure, with even glacially-modified ones having dates of 100–150,000 years.
465:
Aguilera, Emilia Y.; Sato, Ana María; Llambías, Eduardo; Tickyj, Hugo (2014). "Erosion
Surface and Granitic Morphology in the Sierra de Lihuel Calel, Province of La Pampa, Argentina". In
567:
Gunnell, Y., Jarman, D. and 8 others, 2013. "The granite tors of
Dartmoor, Southwest England: rapid and recent emergence revealed by Late Pleistocene cosmogenic apparent exposure ages".
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showed that most are surprisingly young, less than 100,000 years of surface exposure, with none over 200,000 years old. They probably emerged at the start of the last major ice age (
308:, which may become separated: rocking pillows are called logan stones. These stacks are vulnerable to frost action and often collapse leaving trails of blocks down the slopes called
316:. Weathering has also given rise to circular "rock basins" formed by the accumulation of water and repeated freezing and thawing. An example is found at Kes Tor on Dartmoor.
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happen to be unusually widely spaced, core blocks can survive and remain above the weathering surface, developing into tors. These can be monolithic, as at
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was emplaced around 280 million years ago. When the cover rocks eroded away it was exposed to chemical and physical
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that differed widely in type and duration according to regional and local differences in climate and rock types.
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or surface wash when not protected by vegetation, notably during prolonged cold phases during the
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is thought to derive from the Old
English word). It is therefore accepted that the English word
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610:
520:
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82:, the term is commonly also used for the hills themselves – particularly the high points of
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are closely spaced, the large crystals in the granite readily disintegrate to form a sandy
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have been proposed to explain their origin and this remains a topic of discussion among
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345: – Plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering
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that rises abruptly from the surrounding smooth and gentle slopes of a rounded hill
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582:"New perspectives on a classic landscape of selective linear glacial erosion"
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and others. Tors are mostly less than 5 meters (16 ft) high. Many
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304:, often arranged in avenues. Each stack may include several tiers or
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The history of the
Cairngorms: granite, landscape and processes
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351: – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
519:
A. A. Balkema
Publishers Leiden, The Netherlands. 359 pp.
357: – Small hill of bedrock with rounded residual blocks
27:
Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit
605:
Mercer, Ian (2009). "The
Physical Anatomy of Dartmoor".
132:
231:. It is considered likely that tors were created by
339: – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock
106:Although English topographical names often have a
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146:
542:. Dartmoor National Park. 2002. Archived from
475:Gondwana Landscapes in southern South America
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8:
517:Landforms and Geology of Granite Terrains.
372:
120:to the Old English word in either the
7:
609:. London: Collins. pp. 30–78.
537:"Dartmoor Factsheet: Tor Formation"
386:in Goudie, A., ed., pp. 1054-1056.
607:Dartmoor – A Statement of its Time
406:. Psychology Press. p. 1054.
258:. This is readily stripped off by
183:Tors are landforms created by the
25:
515:, and Romani, J. R. V. (2005)
388:Encyclopedia of Geomorphology.
1:
477:. Springer. pp. 393–422.
403:Encyclopedia of Geomorphology
157:, meaning a cluster or heap.
63:, is a large, free-standing
390:Routledge. London, England.
655:
569:Quaternary Science Reviews
590:British Geological Survey
361:List of geographical tors
113:Oxford English Dictionary
51:, which is also known by
172:, a celebrated tor near
493:Encyclopedia Britannica
454:(subscription required)
442:Oxford University Press
400:Goudie, Andrew (2004).
277:Tor near the summit of
191:of rock; most commonly
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80:South West of England
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639:Weathering landforms
549:on 30 September 2011
233:geomorphic processes
229:physical geographers
264:Quaternary ice ages
290:
181:
45:
616:978-0-00-718499-6
413:978-0-415-32738-1
382:Ehlen, J. (2004)
355:Nubbin (landform)
254:known locally as
246:processes. Where
238:For example, the
141:derives from the
126:Cornish languages
16:(Redirected from
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321:tors on Dartmoor
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489:"Tor | geology"
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110:etymology, the
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525:978-0415364355
513:Twidale, C. R.
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467:Rabassa, Jorge
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268:periglaciation
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78:crest. In the
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551:. Retrieved
544:the original
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496:. Retrieved
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417:. Retrieved
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260:solifluction
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55:as either a
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553:21 December
447:10 December
209:ignimbrites
195:, but also
92:Bodmin Moor
40:, southern
628:Categories
571:612, 62–76
438:OED Online
367:References
279:Knocknagun
244:weathering
221:geologists
217:hypotheses
213:sandstones
189:weathering
170:Kit-Mikayi
38:Altai Krai
18:Tor (rock)
435:"tor, n."
349:Inselberg
343:Etchplain
337:Bornhardt
325:Devensian
211:, coarse
205:dolerites
161:Formation
143:Old Welsh
116:lists no
102:Etymology
36:A tor in
473:(eds.).
331:See also
252:regolith
193:granites
118:cognates
96:Cornwall
84:Dartmoor
498:12 June
419:21 June
314:clatter
310:clitter
306:pillows
287:Ireland
283:Wicklow
201:dacites
197:schists
185:erosion
68:outcrop
42:Siberia
613:
523:
410:
302:stacks
298:Haytor
294:joints
292:Where
256:growan
248:joints
227:, and
174:Kisumu
122:Breton
108:Celtic
72:summit
547:(PDF)
540:(PDF)
281:, in
178:Kenya
145:word
128:(the
88:Devon
76:ridge
61:kopje
611:ISBN
555:2011
521:ISBN
500:2020
449:2013
421:2020
408:ISBN
223:and
187:and
148:tẁrr
134:tòrr
90:and
65:rock
384:Tor
312:or
154:twr
151:or
139:Tor
124:or
94:in
86:in
74:or
59:or
49:tor
630::
588:.
584:.
491:.
469:;
440:.
375:^
285:,
270:.
266:–
207:,
203:,
199:,
176:,
98:.
47:A
619:.
557:.
502:.
451:.
423:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
