408:. In particular, the items listed below are good things to consider when constructing a shelter/safe room and to have in place well in advance of any potential severe weather situation, but don't mistake Hurricane Preparedness with Tornado Preparedness. You may have days or hours to prepare for a hurricane, but in the minutes or seconds before an imminent tornado strike, seek shelter immediately as a matter of life and death. Some people try to "ride it out" with supplies to last several days when a hurricane hits, but if a tornado obliterates everything in a matter of minutes then it really doesn't matter if you filled the bathtub with water or filled up your car's gas tank. Know the difference between different severe weather threats, and know where to get important information and emergency notifications in your area..
584:, it became apparent that thousands of people attempt to flee major tornadoes, and this has been credited with reducing the death toll. However, during this event some people were killed as the tornado passed over the traffic jam caused by the impromptu evacuation. In addition to urban traffic, evacuation can also be hampered by flash flooding produced by associated thunderstorms, and the need to be certain about the position and direction of the tornado. Others who did not flee the Moore tornado were also killed because the buildings they were hiding in were completely destroyed, highlighting the need for storm shelters and safe rooms constructed specifically to withstand very high winds.
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with soil and foreign bodies due to high wind speeds caused by tornadoes. Fractures are the second most common injury obtained after a tornado strikes and account for up to 30% of total injuries. Head injuries are also commonly reported during a tornado, but severe head injuries only account for less than 10% of the total. Even though only 10% of reported head injuries are severe, they are the most common cause of death following a tornado. Blunt trauma to the chest and abdomen are also injuries obtained following a tornado, but only account for less than 10% of overall injuries.
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528:, or the lowest building level. If there was no basement, then to the center of an interior room on the lowest level (closet, interior hallway) away from corners, windows, doors, and outside walls. The goal has been to put as many walls as possible between the safe room and the outside. They were advised to get under a sturdy table or other object and use arms to protect their head and neck, and not open windows.
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and/or NOAA Weather Radio (normally as a
Required Weekly Test or Required Monthly Test; Live Tornado Warning Codes can only be used if a waiver from the FCC is granted since "Live Code Testing" is prohibited per regulations) are activated along with outdoor warning sirens. Schools and businesses may
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Injuries sustained during a tornado vary in nature and in severity. The most common injuries experienced during a tornado are complex contaminated soft tissue wounds and account for more than 50% of the cases seen by emergency rooms following a tornado. These wounds will most likely be contaminated
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opposes even "safe rooms" on the basis of cost/reward. The chance of any given location in
Tornado Alley getting hit by an F-2 tornado (strong enough to do major structural damage and exceeding the 90 mph guideline for straightline winds) is about 1 every 4,000-5,000 years; in other areas the
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A 2012 study of tornado injuries found that wearing a helmet such as those used for
American football or bicycling, is an effective way to reduce injuries and deaths from head trauma. As of 2012, the CDC endorsed only general head protection, but recommended that if helmets are to be used, they be
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Generally, a signal is given, such as a series of tones (ex. Continuous Tone), or a voice announcement. Upon receiving the signal, building occupants of schools, hospitals, factories, shopping centers, etc. proceed to a designated location, usually an interior room or corridor with no windows, and
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typically lack foundation anchors and present a large surface-area sail (to catch wind), the advice has been to seek a safe haven elsewhere, such as in a stronger nearby building. When a mobile home begins to roll, people have been injured by hitting objects inside, or being crushed when a trailer
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Depending on location, various safe-haven areas have been prepared. The goal has been to avoid outer walls which might collapse when a roof section becomes airborne and the walls below lose their upper support: many interior rooms resist collapse longer, due to smaller walls interconnected to each
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Not all tornadoes are easily seen. A tornado funnel can be transparent until reaching an area with loose dirt and debris. Also, some tornadoes have been seen against sunlit areas, but rain or nearby low-hanging clouds has obscured other tornadoes. Occasionally, tornadoes have developed so suddenly
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in the safe haven is advised to help victims recover from minor injuries. People needing prescription medications could have a medicine bag ready to take to shelter. Some people have reported their "ears popping" due to the change in air pressure, but those effects seem to be temporary. Covering
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In a multi-story building, an internal stairway (away from broken windows) often acts as a safe haven, due to the stairs reinforcing the walls and blocking any major debris falling from above. If a stairway is lined with windows, then there would be the danger of flying glass, so an interior
678:. Professor Joseph Eagleman of the University of Kansas found that 75 percent of the homes hit were most damaged in the southwest corner. He found that the southwest corner and the south side were the least safe. South of the equator, the south side and the southeast corner were safest.
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has spent tens millions of dollars subsidizing the construction of shelters and safe rooms in both private and public buildings. Many buildings in
Tornado Alley do not have basements, because unlike in more northern areas, there is no need for a deep foundation to get below the
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or similar fasteners. The state of
Oklahoma adopted the minimum U.S. standard that year for the first time, but did not add high-wind protections like those in Florida designed to protect against hurricanes. Other states in Tornado Alley have no statewide building codes. The
262:
Before a tornado strikes an area, the wind has been known to die down and the air to become very still. A cloud of debris has sometimes marked the bottom of a tornado even when the funnel was not visible. Tornadoes typically occur along the trailing edge of a thunderstorm.
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Preparedness involves knowing the major dangers to avoid. Some tornadoes are the most violent storms in nature. Tornadoes have varied in strength, and some tornadoes have been mostly invisible due to a lack of loose dirt or debris in the funnel cloud. Spawned from severe
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A tornado operates as a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud that extends downward from a thunderstorm, to the ground, with swirling winds which have reached 300 miles per hour (480 km/h). The wind speed might be difficult to imagine: traveling the length of a U.S.
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During school tornado drills students are required to huddle up against the walls (picture above) of the building usually the hallway to prevent harm to the students and sometimes staff (teachers, janitors, etc) will also huddle against the wall to prevent harm.
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Tips for avoiding injury: completely close all inside doors, lock all outside doors, wearing sturdy shoes or boots, a helmet, long sleeves, gloves, and a heavy quilt or coat can offer extra protection from shards of glass, splinters and other airborne objects.
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Because some preparations vary, depending on location, people have been advised to consult their local area preparedness plans, rather than assume the plans are similar for all areas, such as which local buildings have been designated as storm shelters.
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All individuals and families should have a disaster preparedness kit made prior to tornado. According to FEMA the kit should include items needed to shelter in place in the event of a disaster such as a tornado for up to 72 hours following impact.
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In private homes, some similar stairway rooms have been used, or an interior room/closet kept clear to quickly allow entry when a storm is seen or heard approaching (the wind roar intensifies, sounding like a swift
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have spawned many tornadoes, hurricane preparations also involve tornadoes. The term "tornado preparedness" has been used by government agencies, emergency response groups, schools, insurance companies, and others.
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can be constructed, with space for emergency water, food and flashlights, and a telephone to call for rescue if the exit becomes blocked by falling debris. Some above-ground safe rooms have been built with
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Tornado drills (also known as severe weather drills) are an important element in tornado preparedness. Like any other safety drills, they increase chances of correct response to a real tornado threat.
217:. Historically, the steps taken have varied greatly, depending on location, or time remaining before a tornado was expected. For example, in rural areas, people might prepare to enter an external
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Most states in the midwestern and southern United States conduct a statewide tornado drill in late winter or early spring in preparation for the severe weather season. During these drills, the
638:, or other external bunker, to avoid being trapped within a collapsing house. In rural homes, generators are also helpful to maintain power with enough fuel for a few days.
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annual probability is one in several million. The most stringent building codes only require earthquake strengthening for a 1 in every 500-1,000 year probability.
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North of the equator, tornado generally travel between a northerly and easterly direction and cause the most damage on the southwest corner of buildings and that
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The advice was to never try to outrun a tornado in urban or congested areas in a car or truck, but instead, to leave the vehicle immediately for safe shelter.
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Avoid injury from electric shock, electrocution, debris (nails, broken glass, sharp ends of broken wood), contaminated water, and carbon monoxide poisoning.
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within 1 second (over 130 meters or 430 feet per second). Damage paths have been in excess of one-mile wide (1.6 km) and 50 miles long (80 km).
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544:. Mobile homes, even if tied down, offer little protection from tornadoes. If a car is flipped by high winds, there is also the danger of broken glass.
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Consider making motel/hotel reservations (at a location that is more than 50 miles) for several nights starting after the time of the tornado strike.
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They were advised to lie flat in a nearby ditch or depression and cover head with their hands. Also, to beware of the potential for flooding there.
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Upon seeing an approaching storm or noticing any of the danger signs, they were advised to prepare to take shelter immediately, such as moving to a
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They were advised to not stay under an overpass or bridge (where winds or debris might be funneled). It was safer to be in a low, flat location.
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is high, and expansion and contraction of clay-heavy soils can produce additional pressure on buildings that can cause leaks if not reinforced.
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In homes and small buildings one must go to the basement or an interior room on the lowest floor (closet, bathroom), to stay away from glass.
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In a structure (e.g., residence, small building, school, nursing home, hospital, factory, shopping center, high-rise building, restaurant)
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Fill the bathtub(s) and sink(s) with water to be used for toilet flushing, hand washing clothes or cleaning floors during a loss of power.
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The average forward speed of a tornado is 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), but has varied from stationary to 70 mph (110 km/h).
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A tornado with no obvious funnel from the upper clouds, although the rotating dust cloud indicates strong winds at the surface.
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Tornadoes are most likely to occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m. (local time), but it is possible for them to occur any time.
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There were no building codes requiring tornado shelters nor specifically designed to prevent tornado damage until the
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In some jurisdictions, schools are required to conduct regular tornado drills, though generally less frequently than
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The average tornado moves
Southwest to Northeast in the U.S., but tornadoes have been known to move in any direction.
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1504:"Joe R. Eagleman, PhD, Presented with the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award by Marquis Who's Who ..."
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Storm advice: Shut all doors and windows during major windstorms | American Family Mutual
Insurance Company
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people with mattresses or cushions has helped avoid injury from flying debris, as walls collapsed nearby.
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A speed of 300 miles per hour is 300*5280 = 1,584,000 feet per hour, or 440 feet (134 m) per second.
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They may appear nearly transparent until dust and debris are picked up or a cloud forms in the funnel.
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They were advised to leave immediately and enter the lowest floor of a sturdy, nearby building or a
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Students participate in a tornado drill, lining up along an interior wall and covering their heads.
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Tornadoes are most frequently reported east of the Rocky
Mountains during spring and summer months.
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During August 2010, FEMA advised people to perform the following actions when a tornado struck.
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1135:. Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) on Sept. 1, 2019. 2 September 2019
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634:, to withstand winds of 250 miles per hour (400 km/h). Rural homes might have an outside
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1404:"Moore Officials Delay Vote on Upgrading Building Codes for Tornadoes - StateImpact Oklahoma"
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239:, tornadoes have caused fatalities and devastated neighborhoods within seconds of arrival.
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Refill prescription medicines. Maybe store within a strong zipper bag or small suitcase.
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is a procedure of practicing to take cover in a specified location in the event that a
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is March through May; in the northern states, it is late spring through early summer.
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Tornadoes can also accompany tropical storms and hurricanes as they move onto land.
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969:"Tornado Preparedness Tips for School Administrators", NOAA.gov, 2010, web:
335:, or to local commercial radio or television newscasts for the latest information.
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Cars and mobile homes must be abandoned, if there is small chance to drive away.
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Wear thick-soled shoes (or boots), long pants, and work gloves during cleanup.
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In many states tornado drills are part of the Severe
Weather Awareness Week.
318:(FEMA) has advised the following precautions before a storm reaches an area:
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1156:. Connecticut State, Division of Emergency Management and Homeland Security
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1092:. Scientific American, By Alex Sosnowski, AccuWeather on March 12, 2012
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621:" coming nearer, louder). With weeks or months to prepare, an interior
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214:
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1551:. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 200.
1133:"Shutting the Bedroom Door Could Save Your Roof During a Hurricane"
1719:"Tornado Drill 2018 - Virginia Department of Emergency Management"
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Flying debris from tornadoes causes most fatalities and injuries.
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1329:"Are You Ready? An In-Depth Guide to Citizen Preparedness P-2064"
1231:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1069:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1052:"What to do Before a Tornado", FEMA.gov, August 2010, web:
1030:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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other, while outer walls deflect the force of the winds. Because
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1304:"No 'Universal' Best Practice to Save Yourself from Tornadoes"
1214:"What to Do During a Tornado", FEMA.gov, August 2010, web:
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386:
115:
56:
15:
1419:"How the Building Industry Blocked Better Tornado Safeguards"
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suddenly hits the ground and begins to collapse around them.
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1385:"Insight: In tornado alley, building practices boost damage"
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the north side and northeast corner of buildings were safest
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They were to enter a pre-designated shelter area such as a
96:
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a large, dark, low-lying cloud (particularly if rotating);
88:
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kept close by to avoid wasting time searching for them.
92:
1446:"Tornado Alley, USA: Science News Online, May 11, 2002"
787:
140:
80:
487:
Get some extra cash for when credit cards do not work.
1264:"How To Survive A Tornado: Plan Ahead, Avoid Debris"
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stairway, or small inner room, would be preferable.
213:
precautions made before the arrival of and during a
272:
They may strike quickly, with little or no warning.
259:that little, if any, advance warning was possible.
1524:"Myths and Common Misconceptions About Tornadoes"
1362:"Why Aren't There Tornado Safety Building Codes?"
742:is an important element of tornado preparedness.
266:The following is a summary of typical tornadoes:
375:, internal stairway, or other safe-haven area.
1705:"Missouri Conducting State-Wide Tornado Drill"
1482:Natural Disasters Committee (27 August 1993).
1356:
1354:
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727:also conduct a tornado drill simultaneously.
338:Watch various common danger signs, including:
129:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
414:. There might be a discussion about this on
324:Be alert to the changing weather conditions.
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1417:Flavelle, Christopher (22 December 2021).
1379:
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1013:"Tornado", FEMA.gov, August 2010, web:
911:List of tropical cyclone-spawned tornadoes
921:List of tornado-related deaths at schools
434:Learn how and when to remove this message
359:loud roar of wind, sounding similar to a
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
167:Learn how and when to remove this message
1673:"Dispatch Argus - Historical Newspapers"
1484:"Tornado: A Hazard Not to be Overlooked"
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916:List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
74:instructions, advice, or how-to content
1774:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1643:"Florida tornado drill planned Friday"
535:In a vehicle, trailer, or mobile home
1791:"Things to know: Tornado safety tips"
1465:"Why Oklahomans Don't Like Basements"
1084:"Can You Really Hide from a Tornado?"
941:Tropical cyclone warnings and watches
652:National Association of Home Builders
645:prompted a local ordinance requiring
310:Steps when expecting storms to arrive
7:
1687:"Weather Safety - Tornado Drill Day"
493:Stock extension cords, power strips.
296:Peak tornado season in the southern
1122:Tornado Safety | American Red Cross
660:Federal Emergency Management Agency
316:Federal Emergency Management Agency
290:are tornadoes that form over water.
83:so that it is more encyclopedic or
926:Whirlwind (atmospheric phenomenon)
906:Cultural significance of tornadoes
14:
1178:. Department of Homeland Security
201:Modern above ground storm shelter
31:This article has multiple issues.
1721:. 4 October 2017. Archived from
1448:. 25 August 2006. Archived from
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1176:"72-Hour Emergency Preparedness"
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120:
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551:On the outside with no shelter
39:or discuss these issues on the
1282:"Helmet and Tornado Statement"
746:assume a protective position.
383:Actions taken during tornadoes
1:
1463:Neuman, Scott (21 May 2013).
588:Actions taken after tornadoes
1826:My Hazardous Statewide Guide
1302:Wade Goodwin (2013-06-01).
490:Fill automobiles with fuel.
143:, discuss the issue on the
1882:
1610:. Pisd.edu. Archived from
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465:Tools / Emergency Supplies
1789:EndPlay (20 April 2015).
230:Understanding the dangers
716:National Weather Service
1815:Storm Prediction Center
767:Tornado drills by state
724:Emergency Alert Systems
1821:Tornado Storm Shelters
1338:. FEMA. September 2020
738:strikes an area. This
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630:rods in cement-filled
599:Long-term preparations
247:
202:
1856:Disaster preparedness
1561:"Disaster Prep 101",
1547:Hogan, David (2007).
706:
667:, in some places the
245:
200:
1154:"During a Hurricane"
936:Emergency management
682:Medical preparations
471:Clothing and Bedding
404:confusing or unclear
207:tornado preparedness
149:create a new article
141:improve this article
1528:The Tornado Project
1089:Scientific American
643:2011 Joplin tornado
474:Special Needs Items
412:clarify the section
81:rewrite the content
1583:"Florida Disaster"
1452:on 25 August 2006.
1424:The New York Times
1221:2011-04-25 at the
1059:2011-05-02 at the
1020:2011-04-29 at the
786:. You can help by
709:
582:2013 Moore tornado
468:First Aid Supplies
329:NOAA Weather Radio
248:
203:
1549:Disaster Medicine
1174:Maralin Y. Hoff.
901:Tornadoes of 2024
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1284:. 2012-05-17
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1430:24 December
1250:www.uab.edu
843:Mississippi
757:fire drills
669:water table
454:Basic Items
298:U.S. states
288:Waterspouts
89:Wikiversity
1840:Categories
1761:2013-04-17
1691:dps.mn.gov
1657:3 February
1618:2009-07-14
1593:2014-11-26
1567:0942369033
1533:2022-11-30
1509:2022-11-30
1507:Retrieved
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1342:2022-12-13
1314:2013-08-18
1288:2013-08-18
1182:2022-12-12
1160:2022-11-30
1139:2022-12-12
1096:2022-11-30
958:References
931:Microburst
665:frost line
580:After the
406:to readers
327:Listen to
205:The term "
157:March 2020
97:Wikivoyage
36:improve it
1571:pp154-155
855:Wisconsin
840:Minnesota
828:Louisiana
686:Having a
658:The U.S.
623:safe room
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373:safe room
314:The U.S.
145:talk page
93:Wikibooks
72:contains
42:talk page
1770:cite web
1729:17 April
1219:Archived
1216:FEMA-dur
1057:Archived
1018:Archived
971:NOAA-sch
863:See also
852:Virginia
846:Missouri
837:Michigan
834:Oklahoma
506:Location
424:May 2024
139:You may
1846:Tornado
1389:Reuters
1336:NPR.org
1308:NPR.org
1268:NPR.org
1054:FEMA-to
891:Derecho
822:Indiana
819:Georgia
813:Florida
810:Alabama
736:tornado
479:Details
402:may be
353:stones;
333:Skywarn
331:and/or
215:tornado
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1246:"ICRC"
816:Kansas
626:steel-
349:large
211:safety
87:it to
1755:(PDF)
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1332:(PDF)
1310:. NPR
849:Texas
628:rebar
459:Water
147:, or
95:, or
1776:link
1731:2013
1659:2022
1563:ISBN
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