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203:. Toramanian shared with Strzygowski his enormous archive, including drawings, photographs, notes, etc., which were ultimately left with Strzygowski without Toramanian being able to retrieve them. In 1918, Strzygowski independently published his two-volume work "Architecture of Armenians and Europe," entirely based on Toramanian's materials, while remembering Toramanian as the author of the materials.
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unable to complete the work. Prior to these excavations, the ruins of the
Zvartnots temple were buried under a thick layer of soil. Being an original monument and having reached us in an almost ruined state, the temple is a real puzzle for those who see it. No one could understand the original appearance of the structure, nor the meaning of the unique forms seen in the plan.
179:, in an article entitled "Zvartnots Church". In the article, Toramanian proposed his reconstruction of the temple, suggesting it was a three-story domed structure with a flat plan. Toramanian's theory was met with suspicion by Armenian society, sparking many disputes, simply because such a structure had never been seen before, and it was extremely unusual for that time.
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architecture in the section dedicated to architectural styles. Therefore, I did not imagine the existence of an
Armenian style.' It was for this reason that Toramanian decided to stay in Ani and personally study the stone heritage of the Armenian people. The realization of this decision was facilitated by the presence of the famous Russian-Georgian archaeologist
113:. From 1896 to 1900, he lived in Bulgaria, engaged in construction, designing several buildings, mainly for wealthy Armenians (the Manukians, Sargis Fadyan, Daniel Bulgharatsi, etc.). He also lived in Romania for a short time. However, he was more interested in the theory of architecture. For this purpose, in 1900, he visited
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With these lines, Toramanian hinted that until the beginning of the 20th century, Armenian architecture was not recognized as a distinct school with an independent architectural style. In his "Zvartnots Church" article, Toramanian wrote, 'Unfortunately, I did not come across any reference to
Armenian
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From 1905 to 1909, Toramanian participated in excavations in Ani with the expedition led by the renowned archaeologist
Nikolaios Mar. He studied, measured, and photographed the entire architectural heritage of its ruins, including churches, palaces, walls, etc., and carried out the reconstruction of
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to research early medieval
Armenian architecture monuments. There, he reached Zvartnots, where Khachik Vardapet Dadian had begun excavations since 1900. Khachik Vardapet, lacking the professional qualifications that Toramanian possessed, had already ceased excavations by the time Toramanian arrived,
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to personally acquaint himself with the architectural masterpieces of the ancient world. In 1902, he went to Paris, to the
Sorbonne, where he attended lectures by famous professors of architectural history, history of architecture, and art. He was engaged in the study of oriental archaeological
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Toramanian made an extremely important contribution to the international study of
Armenian architecture. The extensive work he accomplished, despite numerous challenges, can be compared to the efforts of an entire scientific research institution. He was not only a skilled specialist but also a
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The disputes finally ended when Marr discovered a statue of King Gagik holding a model of the temple during excavations of St. Gregory's Church in
Gagikashen, Ani. Thus, it was confirmed that Toramanian accurately reproduced the volume-spatial structure of the building by studying the plan of
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for three months to conduct research. Ani turned out to be a significant surprise for
Toramanian. In his article "Zvartnots Church," Toramanian wrote, 'I saw all this when I visited Ani two years ago. I looked around with surprise and didn't want to believe the reality of what I saw.'
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As a researcher, Toramanian made measurements, took photographs, and reconstructed many architectural monuments during his prolific years. He also authored numerous articles but did not manage to complete any books. The books published after his death are compilations of his works.
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dedicated
Armenian armed with infinite love for Armenian architecture. For his significant contributions to Armenian culture, he is rightly considered the father of the scientific study of Armenian architecture.
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After graduation, he worked as an architect in the same city, designing apartments. In 1895, Toramanian left Constantinople after the two-day massacre against the Armenian population and relocated to
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Toramanian returned to Bulgaria for a short time in 1903. However, in the spring of the same year, upon the suggestion of Karapet Pasmachyan, a Paris-based Armenian scholar, he traveled with him to
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Excavations resumed under the leadership of Toramanian. He conducted a detailed study of the construction of the temple, the results of which he published in 1905 in the journal
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Through his works, Toramanian revolutionized the history of world architecture, presenting the origins and developmental periods of Armenian architecture.
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with the aim of writing a work on Armenian architecture. After some time, he decided to return to Armenia to make some additions. However, the
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in Paris, and then he worked on the detailed study of the remains of medieval Armenian architectural monuments.
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in Ani, who was conducting excavations for the second time. Toramanian received financial support from Mar.
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133:(Material on the history of Armenian architecture), Vol. 1 (Yerevan: 1942) and Vol. 2 (Yerevan: 1948)
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Zvartnots, as historical sources indicated that Gagikashen would be a replication of Zvartnots.
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In 1921, he delivered lectures on the history of ancient Armenian architecture at
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Medieval Armenian Architecture in historiography: Josef Strygowski and His Legacy
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of 1920, Toramanian lost a considerable amount of his writings and studies.
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credited him with "establishing the practical foundation for the study of
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with his "extensive field work, measurements, plans, and photographs."
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A prize named after Toros Toramanian has been established in Armenia.
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K. Ghafadarian. "Materials of the history of Armenian architecture".
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54:; 1864 – March 1, 1934) was a prominent Armenian architect and
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Toramanian's scholarly work paved the way for the scholar,
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In 1913, Toramanian went to Vienna at the invitation of
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Y. Strzygowski. "Architecture of Armenians and Europe",
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374:The Great 4: Mesrob, Komidas, Antranik, Toramanian
250:Armenian Architecture (Toros Toramanian, Volume 1)
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74:Toramanian was born in 1864, in the town of
230:and was interred at the Komitas Pantheon.
32:Toros Toramanian on a 2014 Armenian stamp
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199:broke out, and he could not go back to
131:Nyuter hay chartarapetutyan patmutyan
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453:Architects from the Ottoman Empire
226:Toramanian passed away in 1934 in
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438:Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
187:In Vienna with Josef Strzygowski
443:Burials at the Komitas Pantheon
255:Armenian Architecture, Volume 2
78:(Շապին-Գարահիսար in Armenian),
20:Toros Toramanian in Ani, 1907
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272:"Echmiadzin Cathedral" (1909)
372:Varjabedian, Hermine (1969)
319:An Architecture of Survival
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448:People from Şebinkarahisar
428:Ethnic Armenian architects
269:"Zvartnots Church" (1905)
265:Letters(Toros Toramanian)
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221:Yerevan State University
56:architectural historian
388:"كتب توروس تورامانيان"
317:Armen, Garbis (1992),
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299:Armenian architecture
275:"Tekor Temple" (1911)
64:Armenian architecture
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352:Princeton University
260:Zvartnots, Gagkashen
163:In 1904, he went to
99:Turkish–Armenian War
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342:Maranci, Christina
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433:Soviet architects
392:www.noor-book.com
193:Josef Strzygowski
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394:(in Arabic)
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398:2022-08-11
305:References
126:subjects.
165:Ejmiatsin
159:Zvartnots
70:Biography
360:40827094
344:(1998).
293:See also
244:Projects
111:Bulgaria
88:Sorbonne
48:Armenian
228:Yerevan
117:, then
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201:Vienna
177:Tiflis
138:In Ani
115:Greece
280:Works
173:Murch
123:Italy
119:Egypt
105:Works
22:Born:
356:OCLC
323:ISBN
121:and
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