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The Torch
Commando existed for more than five years, and at its height claimed to have had 250,000 members. The government was alarmed by the number of judges, public servants and military officers joining the organisation, and a new law was passed to ban anyone in public service or the military from
225:
The aims and objectives of the
Springbok Legion were enunciated in its 'Soldiers Manifesto'. The Springbok Legion was open to all service personnel regardless of race or gender and was avowedly anti-fascist and anti-racist. Amongst its leading members were servicemen such as
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who fought in both World War I and World War II and was captured and imprisoned in the
Kremlin by the Russians after fighting alongside the White Russian forces against the communists and held until 1920.
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became the president of the 'Torch
Commando'. The commando's main activities were torchlight marches, from which they took their name. The largest march attracted 75,000 protesters.
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did everything to purge the memory of the
Springbok Legion, Torch Commando and men such as 'Sailor' Malan, who had appeal with white
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established with the involvement of
Springbok Legionnaires to appeal to a broader base of ex-servicemen.
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was a South
African anti-apartheid organisation, born out of the work of the
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335:"A History of the Springbok Legion | South African History Online"
222:, and the Union of Soldiers formed by the same brigade in Egypt.
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The
Springbok Legion was initially formed by members of the
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Defunct civic and political organisations in South Africa
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Military history of South Africa during World War II
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
274:The Torch Commando was founded in 1951 during the
359:"23 May 1952 - Most Powerful Man In South Africa"
735:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
1952:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
630:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
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297:The wartime RAF fighter ace Group Captain
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2025:Reconstruction and Development Programme
294:, who identified with black grievances.
1637:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
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2102:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
16:South African anti-racist organisation
3315:South African veterans' organisations
387:The Observation Post - Torch Commando
266:, one of the founding members of the
7:
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3215:
668:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3285:1951 establishments in South Africa
2032:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1694:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
756:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
276:Coloured vote constitutional crisis
3238:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
691:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
636:Congress of South African Students
14:
3310:Veterans' affairs in South Africa
3305:Organizations established in 1941
3184:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2819:South African Party (Cape Colony)
3219:
3196:
3195:
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1132:
926:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
662:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
199:, through an opaque trust fund.
23:
2833:South African Party (1977–1980)
2826:South African Party (1911–1934)
2742:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
2539:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
680:South African Students Congress
34:needs additional citations for
3335:Anti-communism in South Africa
2151:2019 service delivery protests
2137:#FeesMustFall student protests
1882:1983 constitutional referendum
594:South Africa political parties
365:. Trove.nla.gov.au. 1952-05-23
1:
2609:Johannesburg Reform Committee
1247:
1232:
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1202:
830:(Don't) touch me on my studio
686:South African Wine Initiative
190:War Veterans Action Committee
184:, founded in 1941 during the
3340:South African politics stubs
3330:Anti-fascism in South Africa
3325:Anti-communist organizations
3290:Anti-Apartheid organisations
2264:Black Consciousness Movement
2018:Government of National Unity
778:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
624:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
282:from the voters roll in the
212:Soldiers Interests Committee
1975:Saint James Church massacre
1861:Weapons of mass destruction
1006:No Land! No House! No Vote!
920:No Land! No House! No Vote!
216:First South African Brigade
3356:
3320:Anti-fascist organizations
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1731:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
1609:South West Africa campaign
1508:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
1473:French Huguenot settlement
309:joining. Subsequently the
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3170:African National Congress
2630:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
1968:1992 apartheid referendum
1130:
773:Treatment Action Campaign
751:Landless Peoples Movement
719:South Africa trade unions
483:
248:African National Congress
246:who all later joined the
214:formed by members of the
2623:Labour Party (1969–1994)
2616:Labour Party (1910–1958)
2172:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
2130:#RhodesMustFall protests
1745:1960 republic referendum
1092:Political assassinations
768:Social Justice Coalition
730:Mandela Park Backyarders
423:Politics of South Africa
208:South African Tank Corps
3068:terrorist organisations
2158:2019 Johannesburg riots
1787:Constructive engagement
1752:International isolation
1570:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
932:One Settler, One Bullet
268:South African Air Force
195:It was underwritten by
2081:Attack on Kennedy Road
1708:Congress of the People
1299:South African Republic
890:Anti-Chinese sentiment
875:White monopoly capital
741:Poor People's Alliance
491:
250:and its military wing
2651:Natal Indian Congress
2371:Afrikaner Broederbond
2225:Afrikaner nationalism
2011:1994 general election
1982:Bophuthatswana crisis
1875:Church Street bombing
1671:Apartheid legislation
1664:1948 general election
1584:South Africa Act 1909
1379:Union of South Africa
1199:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1179:Political history of
1077:Legacies of apartheid
938:"Each One, Teach One"
895:Anti-Indian sentiment
840:Proudly South African
746:Abahlali baseMjondolo
521:Afrikaner nationalism
489:
254:under the command of
2285:Greater South Africa
2123:2014 platinum strike
1989:Shell House massacre
1917:Transkei coup d'état
1738:Sharpeville massacre
1501:Battle of Blaauwberg
1494:Battle of Muizenberg
1446:Battle of Salt River
1229:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1097:Political repression
992:Long Walk to Freedom
490:Flag of South Africa
339:www.sahistory.org.za
264:Kenneth van der Spuy
43:improve this article
3227:This article about
3177:Democratic Alliance
2354:Civic and political
2218:Afrikaner Calvinism
2211:African nationalism
2060:African Renaissance
1766:UNSC Resolution 591
1687:Internal resistance
1588:National Convention
1556:Transvaal Civil War
1480:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
1363:Orange River Colony
1087:Phala Phala robbery
985:I Write What I Like
810:African Renaissance
536:Black consciousness
516:African nationalism
204:9th Recce Battalion
125:
1924:Ciskei coup d'état
1759:UN Resolution 1761
1724:Women's March 1956
1577:South African Wars
1563:Mineral Revolution
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3162:political parties
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3132:Orde van die Dood
2749:Progressive Party
2455:Congress Alliance
2271:Cape Independence
2203:Political culture
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2165:COVID-19 pandemic
2095:Marikana massacre
1931:Venda coup d'état
1701:Defiance Campaign
1291:Orange Free State
1221:Dutch Cape Colony
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1037:Cape Independence
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957:African Communist
913:Amandla Ngawethu!
815:Alternative media
804:Political culture
796:South African law
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258:. Others such as
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197:Harry Oppenheimer
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1371:Transvaal Colony
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1067:Labour brokering
999:Molotov Cocktail
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763:Reclaim the City
711:Social movements
642:Earthlife Africa
541:Environmentalism
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288:Springbok Legion
232:Lionel Bernstein
186:Second World War
177:organisation of
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147:Springbok Legion
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1126:
1107:Sexual violence
1027:Corrective rape
1011:
948:
942:
900:
880:Ungovernability
835:Freedom Charter
799:
782:
725:Equal Education
709:
696:
605:
597:
580:
500:
493:
481:
425:
420:
383:
378:
377:
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357:
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154:
135:
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115:
104:
98:
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52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3353:
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3125:Ossewabrandwag
3121:
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2896:
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2871:
2868:Unionist Party
2864:
2857:
2850:
2847:Torch Commando
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
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2721:Orde Boerevolk
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2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2497:DP (1989–2000)
2493:
2490:DP (1973–1977)
2486:
2483:Dominion Party
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
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2381:
2374:
2367:
2364:Afrikaner Bond
2359:
2357:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2278:Day of the Vow
2274:
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2251:
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2147:
2140:
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2126:
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2105:
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2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2046:Floor crossing
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1961:Bisho massacre
1957:
1956:
1955:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1903:Operation Vula
1899:
1896:Rubicon speech
1892:
1889:Langa massacre
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
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1651:
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1626:
1623:Rand Rebellion
1619:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
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1549:Boer Republics
1545:
1538:
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1523:
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1395:Bophuthatswana
1391:
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1359:
1355:Klein Vrystaat
1351:
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872:
867:
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855:Tenderpreneurs
852:
847:
845:Rainbow nation
842:
837:
832:
827:
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652:Khanya College
649:
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627:
621:
616:
610:
608:
599:
598:
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588:
582:
581:
579:
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566:Pan-Africanism
563:
561:Libertarianism
558:
553:
548:
543:
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512:
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431:
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396:
390:
389:
382:
381:External links
379:
376:
375:
350:
325:
324:
322:
319:
311:National Party
256:Nelson Mandela
167:Torch Commando
161:
160:
155:
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145:
141:
140:
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124:Torch Commando
117:
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31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3229:South African
3225:
3222:
3218:
3213:
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3203:
3192:
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3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3057:
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3046:
3043:
3042:Die Spoorbund
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
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3008:
3004:
3001:
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2910:
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2886:
2883:
2882:Workers Party
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2865:
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2855:
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2848:
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2837:
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2795:
2792:
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2771:
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2763:Radio Freedom
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
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2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:Oranjewerkers
2711:
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2356:organisations
2352:
2349:
2347:organisations
2343:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2318:
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2145:
2144:Tshwane riots
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2110:
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2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
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1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:Project Coast
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:Mafeje affair
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1833:Durban Moment
1830:
1827:
1826:Rivonia Trial
1823:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1780:Disinvestment
1777:
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1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:1820 Settlers
1532:
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1525:
1524:
1522:
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1509:
1505:
1502:
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1123:
1120:
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1080:
1078:
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1038:
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881:
878:
876:
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870:UnFreedom Day
868:
866:
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851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
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731:
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703:
692:
689:
687:
684:
681:
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669:
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663:
660:
658:
657:Koeberg Alert
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
620:
619:Afrikanerbond
617:
615:
612:
611:
609:
607:
606:organisations
600:
596:
595:
589:
587:
583:
577:
574:
572:
571:Non-racialism
569:
567:
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562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
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522:
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517:
514:
513:
511:
507:
504:
502:
496:
488:
478:
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472:Northern Cape
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
452:KwaZulu-Natal
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
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360:
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306:
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295:
293:
289:
285:
284:Cape Province
281:
277:
272:
269:
265:
261:
260:Harry Schwarz
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:Fred Carneson
241:
237:
236:Wolfie Kodesh
233:
229:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
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175:South African
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127:
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113:
110:
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91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3240:expanding it
3226:
3211:
3200:
3160:Histories of
2861:United Party
2846:
2770:Reform Party
2707:Orangia Unie
2332:
2323:
2316:Swart gevaar
2314:
2298:
2254:
2245:
2186:
2088:Blikkiesdorp
1430:Pre-colonial
1283:Natal Colony
1267:Zulu Kingdom
1181:South Africa
1137:
1057:Gupta family
1052:Farm attacks
1004:
997:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
793:
716:
706:Trade unions
632:(CONTRALESA)
591:
477:Western Cape
437:Eastern Cape
367:. Retrieved
362:
353:
342:. Retrieved
338:
329:
307:
300:
296:
292:United Party
273:
240:Jack Hodgson
224:
201:
194:
179:World War II
166:
164:
158:Sailor Malan
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2300:Rooi gevaar
2179:2021 unrest
2109:Nkandlagate
1938:Third Force
1815:Rugby union
1413:(1981–1994)
1405:(1979–1994)
1397:(1977–1994)
1389:(1976–1994)
1381:(1910–1961)
1373:(1902–1910)
1365:(1902–1910)
1357:(1886–1891)
1349:(1885–1887)
1341:(1884–1888)
1333:(1882–1885)
1325:(1882–1883)
1317:(1870–1873)
1309:(1861–1879)
1301:(1856–1902)
1293:(1854–1902)
1285:(1843–1910)
1277:(1839–1843)
1269:(1816–1897)
1261:(1795–1910)
1259:Cape Colony
1251: 1780
1236: 1780
1223:(1652–1806)
1213: 1220
1206: 1075
1122:Third Force
1112:Shack fires
949:periodicals
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220:Addis Ababa
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2875:Volksparty
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556:Liberalism
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509:Ideologies
467:North West
462:Mpumalanga
442:Free State
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321:References
188:, and the
69:newspapers
2334:Volkstaat
2325:Uitlander
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971:ANC Today
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860:Toyi-toyi
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499:Political
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280:Coloureds
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2553:Het Volk
2247:Baasskap
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1190:polities
1188:Defunct
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363:Examiner
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670:(PAGAD)
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144:Origins
134: (
83:scholar
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2187:Lady R
2116:Racism
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1238:–1817)
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71:
64:
56:
3234:is a
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2993:NURHS
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626:(AWB)
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90:JSTOR
76:books
3236:stub
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794:see
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173:, a
165:The
136:1951
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62:news
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2392:APO
788:Law
708:and
218:in
45:by
3281::
3118:MK
2672:NP
2637:NA
2588:IP
2581:ID
2532:FD
2525:FA
2469:CP
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