20:
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324:
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64:
Toreutics is extremely ancient, and depending on the metal used will survive burial for periods of centuries better than art in many other materials. Conversely if above ground it was likely to be melted down and the metal reused. Until the
288:
323:
338:
19:
304:
216:. The art of working metal or other materials by the use of embossing and chasing to form minute detailed reliefs. The origin of
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369:
384:
122:
265:
592:
678:
205:
663:
364:
616:
668:
329:
50:
673:
543:
by Ivan
Venedikov, Sava Boyadjiev and Dimiter Kartalev, Foreign Languages Press, Sofia 1965, pp. 345–55.
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154:
612:
255:
102:
121:. One spectacular example of the direct influence of Persia in toreutics is believed to be the
58:
374:
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to form minute detailed reliefs or small engraved patterns. Toreutics can include metal-
469:
Social
Transformations in Archaeology: Global and Local Perspectives (Material Cultures)
261:
178:
118:
98:
24:
657:
295:
134:
126:
82:
38:
507:
by Rene
Grousset (transl. by Naomi Walford), Rutgers University Press, 2005, p.25
66:
553:
Sculpture: Some
Observations on Shape and Form from Pygmalion's Creative Dream
106:
78:
359:
251:
150:
54:
609:
Athens and Persia in the Fifth
Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity
577:
Sideris, A., "Les tombes de
Derveni. Quelques remarques sur la toreutique"
130:
94:
86:
389:
345:
162:
114:
110:
379:
310:
138:
46:
593:
Sideris, A., "Bronze
Drinking Vases Bearing Dedicatory Inscriptions"
411:
Volume II (Aesthetics) by G. W. F. Hegel and T. M. Knox (1998) p.161
278:
272:
166:
18:
105:. Toreutics flourished to an unusual degree among the peoples of
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42:
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by
Dimiter Dimitrov, Foreign Language Press, Sofia 1961, p.33
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187:
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645:
69:
it was also among the art forms with the highest prestige.
621:
Ancient Greece and
Ancient Iran. Cross-Cultural Encounters
617:
Sideris, A. "Achaemenid Toreutics in the Greek Periphery"
459:
by Margaret Thomas, Kessinger Publishing, 2005, pp. 25–6
268:
style, Christian toreutics, Folk craftsmanship, Bulgaria
37:, relatively rarely used in English, refers to artistic
505:
The Empire of the Steppes, a History of Central Asia
423:
by Margaret Thomas, Kessinger Publishing, 2005, p.25
619:, in Darabandi S. M. R. and A. Zournantzi (eds.),
555:by Johann Gottfried Herder and Jason Gaiger (2002)
495:by R.J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 1987
519:by Erik Hildinger, Da Capo Press, 1997, pp. 57–92
153:. The majority of scholars however, consider it
57:– forward-pressure linear metal removal with a
565:Conspiracy of Catiline and the Jurgurthine War
85:. Toureutic items of special quality from the
81:and was well established centuries before the
211:
8:
633:The history of the origins of Christianity
129:in 1799, and considered to be work of Old
49:(or other materials), engraving, or using
529:Bulgaria – Land of Ancient Civilizations
401:
284:
232:'to bore, chase, emboss' (v. deriv. of
635:: Volume 3 by Ernest Renan (2007) p.95
7:
541:Bulgarian's Treasures from the Past
493:A Short History of Modern Bulgaria
281:gold toreutics (1860) Mito school.
14:
445:Jewelry Concepts & Technology
647:by Mary Frank Gaston (1991) p.19
409:Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art
337:
330:Gold crafts from the Philippines
322:
303:
287:
471:by Kri Kristiansen (1998) p.135
133:gold smiths. It consists of 23
483:by I. Gershevitch (1985) p.154
447:by Oppi Untracht (1982) p. 283
370:Persian-Sassanide art patterns
220:goes back to 1830–40; < Gk
1:
481:The Cambridge History of Iran
435:. Helicon Publishing LTD 2007
16:Type of artistic metalworking
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117:, and passed from thence to
623:, Athens 2008, pp. 339-353.
567:by Sallust (2004/6) p.62/72
457:How to Understand Sculpture
421:How to Understand Sculpture
385:Treasure of NagyszentmiklĂłs
137:and has been attributed to
123:Treasure of NagyszentmiklĂłs
695:
365:History of decorative arts
198:; to work in relief; from
27:(Slovenia, 5th century BC)
332:prior to Western contact.
294:Toreutics on the roof of
192:: worked in relief; from
433:Hutchinson Encyclopaedia
77:It was practised in the
73:Archeological background
212:
599:38, 2002, pp. 167-201.
517:Warriors of the Steppe
186:: of metal work; from
28:
298:(dragon head corner).
177:Toreutics comes from
22:
93:from Italy and from
51:repoussé and chasing
679:Persian handicrafts
581:Revue Archéologique
206:Proto-Indo-European
613:Margaret C. Miller
165:), because of its
29:
664:Artworks in metal
348:Gongba Monastery.
344:Praying weels in
204:: a boring tool,
23:Toreutics on the
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159:Proto-Bulgarians
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315:Sanga Monastery
313:on the roof of
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271:Beaten copper (
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238:graving tool) -
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103:VaÄŤe belt-plate
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669:Bronze Age art
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169:inscriptions.
119:ancient Persia
91:Certosa situla
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615:(2004) p.59.
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296:Potala Palace
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674:Iron Age art
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258:on toreutics
256:Inscriptions
246:Applications
239:
226:, equiv. to
217:
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176:
127:Transylvania
83:shaft graves
76:
63:
41:– hammering
39:metalworking
33:
32:
30:
99:VaÄŤe situla
67:Middle Ages
25:VaÄŤe Situla
658:Categories
396:References
262:Achaemenid
229:toreĂş(ein)
223:toreutikĂłs
183:toreutikos
107:Asia Minor
79:Bronze Age
360:Goldsmith
218:toreutics
173:Etymology
155:Bulgarian
151:Pechenegs
131:Bulgarian
125:found in
55:engraving
34:toreutics
31:The term
354:See also
195:toreuein
189:toreutos
101:and the
95:Slovenia
89:are the
87:Iron Age
390:Umetada
346:Tsozong
254:style,
163:Bulgars
135:vessels
115:Babylon
111:Assyria
597:Eirene
380:Shoami
311:Dhvaja
235:toreĂşs
201:toreus
145:, the
139:Attila
47:silver
279:Tsuba
273:Tibet
252:Greek
240:tikos
213:terÉ™-
179:Greek
167:runic
147:Avars
59:burin
149:and
143:Huns
97:the
43:gold
611:by
141:'s
45:or
660::
595:,
579:,
242:.
161:,
113:,
109:,
61:.
317:.
275:)
264:–
209:*
157:(
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