37:
2614:, having common frontiers with the Chazars and the so-called Uzes. But fifty years ago the so-called Uzes made common cause with the Chazars and joined battle with the Pechenegs and prevailed over them and expelled them from their country, which the so-called Uzes have occupied till this day. At the time when the Pechenegs were expelled from their country, some of them of their own will and personal decision stayed behind there and united with the so-called Uzes, and even to this day they live among them, and wear such distinguishing marks as separate them off and betray their origin and how it came about that they were split off from their own folk: for their tunics are short, reaching to the knee, and their sleeves are cut off at the shoulder, whereby, you see, they indicate that they have been cut off from their own folk and those of their race.
5555:
5239:
2933:
289:
145:
2472:
2642:
2599:—a late 10th-century Persian geography—distinguished two Pecheneg groups, referring to those who lived along the Donets as "Turkic Pechenegs", and to those along the Kuban as "Khazarian Pechenegs". Spinei proposes that the latter denomination most probably refers to Pecheneg groups accepting Khazar suzerainty, implies that some Pecheneg tribes had been forced to acknowledge the Khazars supremacy.
2760:
5179:
2340:
2321:
the eighth, Tzopon. At the time at which the
Pechenegs were expelled from their country, their princes were, in the province of Irtim, Baïtzas; in Tzour, Kouel; in Gyla, Kourkoutai; in Koulpeï, Ipaos; in Charaboï, Kaïdoum; in the province of Talmat, Kostas; in Chopon, Giazis; in the province of Tzopon, Batas.
1788:
idioms. He suggested that foreign influences on the
Pechenegs gave rise to phonetical differences between their tongue and the idiom spoken by other Turkic peoples. Anna Komnene likewise stated that the Pechenegs and the Cumans shared a common language. Although the Pecheneg language itself died out
2320:
The whole of
Patzinakia is divided into eight provinces with the same number of great princes. The provinces are these: the name of the first province is Irtim; of the second, Tzour; of the third, Gyla; of the fourth, Koulpeï; of the fifth, Charaboï; of the sixth, Talmat; of the seventh, Chopon; of
2495:, forcing them to launch a westward migration towards the Pechenegs' lands. The Uighur envoy's report testifies that the Oghuz and Pecheneg waged war against each other already in the 8th century, most probably for the control of the trade routes. The Oghuz made an alliance with the Karluks and
2560:, and sold their captives. The Khazars made an alliance with the Ouzes against the Pechenegs and attacked them from two directions. Outnumbered by the enemy, the Pechenegs were forced into a new westward migration. They marched across the Khazar Khaganate, invaded the dwelling places of the
2632:
However, it is uncertain whether this group's formation is connected to the
Pechenegs' first or second migration (as it is proposed by Pritsak and Golden, respectively). According to Mahmud al-Kashgari, one of the Üçok clans of the Oghuz Turks was still formed by Pechenegs in the 1060s.
2756:). The Pecheneg wars against Kievan Rus' caused the Slavs from Walachian territories to gradually migrate north of the Dniestr in the 10th and 11th centuries. Rus'/Pecheneg temporary military alliances also occurred however, as during the Byzantine campaign in 943 led by Igor.
1816:, reflecting the bipartite left-right Turkic organization. These eight tribes were in turn divided into 40 sub-tribes, probably clans. Constantine VII also records the names of eight former tribal leaders who had been leading the Pechenegs when they were expelled by the
3225:
came about through the work of an early 11th-century Muslim prisoner who was captured by the
Byzantines. The Muslim prisoner was brought into the Besenyő territory of the Pechenegs, where he taught and converted individuals to Islam. In the late 12th century,
1253:
2402:
is "uncertain". He proposes that an 8th-century Uighur envoy's report, which survives in
Tibetan translation, contains the first certain reference to the Pechenegs. The report recorded an armed conflict between the
1590:, the Kangars received this denomination because "they are more valiant and noble than the rest" of the people "and that is what the title Kangar signifies". Because no Turkic word with a similar meaning is known,
36:
2739:. Although an important factor in the region at the time, like most nomadic tribes their concept of statecraft failed to go beyond random attacks on neighbours and spells as mercenaries for other powers.
1246:
1789:
centuries ago, the names of the
Pecheneg "provinces" recorded by Constantine Porphyrogenitus prove that the Pechenegs spoke a Turkic language. The Pechenegs are thought to have belonged to the
2576:. There is no consensual date for this second migration of the Pechenegs: Pritsak argues that it took place around 830, but Kristó suggests that it could hardly occur before the 850s.
1239:
3202:, but names of Pecheneg origin continue to be reported in official documents. The title of "Comes Bissenorum" (Count of the Pechenegs) lasted for at least another 200 years.
2522:
and other Muslim scholars who based their works on 9th-century sources, the
Pechenegs' new territory was quite large, with a 30-day-walk extension, and were bordered by the
8166:
6561:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
2746:. For more than two centuries they had launched raids into the lands of Rus', which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (like the 920 war on the Pechenegs by
2538:
4693:
ATLAS NATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ISSN 2602-4128 TWO FRIEND PEOPLE IN THE NORTH OF THE BLACK SEA: ON THE RELATIONS OF THE PECHENEKS AND THE KUMAN-KIPCHAKS
6145:
3586:
288:
2672:
steppe people, eventually expelled the
Pechenegs from their homeland; in the process, they also seized most of their livestock and other goods. An alliance of
6530:
3765:
The chronicler explains the town's name, derived from the Slavic word for "retake", by the fact that
Vladimir "retook" the military glory from the Pechenegs.
3431:
2556:
The same sources also narrate that the Pechenegs made regular raids against their neighbors, in particular against the Khazars and the latter's vassals, the
2869:"of the Moglena Pechenegs". Attacked again in 1094 by the Cumans, many Pechenegs were slain or absorbed. The Byzantines defeated the Pechenegs again at the
3917:, ed. C. Hriban, Florilegium magistrorum historiae archaeologicaeque Antiquitatis et Medii Aevi, IX (Bucharest-Brăla, 2011):17-63 / ISBN 978-973-27-2152-0
5512:
7847:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
1667:
If the latter assumption is valid, the Kangars' ethnonym suggests that (East) Iranian elements contributed to the formation of the Pecheneg people but
8161:
8156:
4704:
T.R. FIRAT UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THE RELATIONS OF PEÇENEK AND KIPÇAKS WITH THE BYZANTINE STATE MASTER'S THESIS
6595:
3185:
2932:
8171:
8126:
6563:
5227:
3914:
8176:
7880:
2293:
and the middle course of the Syr Darya, along the important trade routes connecting Central Asia with Eastern Europe, and associates them with
3234:
founded by Pechenegs. After war with Byzantium, the remnants of the tribes found refuge in the area, where they established their settlement.
144:
5090:
5052:
5020:
4950:
4931:
4870:
8131:
3230:
referred to Hungarian Pechenegs – probably Muslims – living disguised as Christians. In the southeast of Serbia, there is a village called
4880:(Greek text edited by Gyula Moravcsik, English translation b Romillyi J. H. Jenkins) (1967). Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.
4100:
4080:
1780:, an 11th-century man of letters who specialized in Turkic dialects argued that the language spoken by the Pechenegs was a variant of the
2886:
8151:
6253:
4552:
8136:
5153:
5071:
5001:
4969:
4908:
4885:
4582:
4513:
3966:
3910:
2707:
employed the Pechenegs to help fend off the Magyars. The Pechenegs were so successful that they drove out the Magyars remaining in
5064:
The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century (Translated by Dana Badulescu)
3199:
2982:
930:
8181:
6874:
5854:
2779:, in his Byzantine campaign of 970–971, though eventually they ambushed and killed the Kievan prince in 972. According to the
1683:, as is known, descended from the Pecheneg tribe." On the basis of their fragmentary linguistic remains, scholars view them as
1587:
2499:
and defeated the Pechenegs and their allies in a battle near the Lake Aral before 850, according to the 10th-century scholar,
258:
233:
6306:
5136:
3753:
6140:
5045:
Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History (Translated by Nicholas Bodoczky)
4703:
2587:. It is plausible that the distinction between the "Turkic Pechenegs" and "Khazar Pechenegs" mentioned in the 10th-century
6525:
5554:
4488:
3752:
describes the Pechenegs as the long-standing allies of the Rus', whom they invariably accompanied during the 10th century
4525:
2606:
mention that those who decided not to leave their homeland were incorporated into the Oghuz federation of Turkic tribes.
1660:
regarding a people that "are of the race of al-Lān and that of al-Ās and their language is a mixture of the languages of
1550:
1511:
1333:, and for more than two centuries launched raids into the lands of Rus', which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars.
7409:
6588:
6188:
2776:
5220:
5205:
5115:
Pechenegs, Torks and Cumans before the invasion of the Tatars. History of the South Russian steppes 9th-13th centuries
2619:
2602:
In addition to these two branches, a third group of Pechenegs existed in this period: Constantine Porphyrogenitus and
1708:
1704:
4092:
1671:
concedes that Pechenegs were of "a predominantly Turkic character... beyond any doubt". This may be mirrored in the
7475:
6074:
3279:
2901:
1829:
1692:
3957:
2537:
8141:
3695:
3194:
The Pechenegs as a group were last mentioned in 1168 as members of Turkic tribes known in the chronicles as the "
2443:
1649:
1553:("Compendium of Chronicles") with the meaning of the ethnonym as "the one who shows eagerness". The 17th-century
7873:
4789:
2849:, Kievan Rus', Khazaria, and the Magyars—the Pechenegs were annihilated as an independent force in 1091 at the
7807:
7766:
6934:
5902:
2624:
2331:
2286:
1611:
1194:
840:
819:
2366:—a 7th-century Chinese work—preserved the earliest record on the Pechenegs. The book mentioned a people named
2806:
upon the site of his victory over the Pechenegs, followed by the defeat of the Pechenegs during the reign of
8121:
6974:
6899:
6663:
6656:
6581:
5930:
5874:
5621:
5617:
5457:
5275:
5270:
3720:
3621:
3080:
2764:
2480:
1684:
1534:"; he subsequently described the Oghuz as being formed of 22 branches, of which the Pecheneg were the 19th.
848:
1648:, suggesting that they were Tocharian-speaking or at least formed a confederation consisting of Tocharian,
7797:
6167:
5525:
5502:
5317:
5213:
5083:
The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century
4297:
Venturi, Federica (2008). "An Old Tibetan document on the Uighurs: A new translation and interpretation".
3983:
3535:
3408:
2846:
1724:
1672:
1546:
1145:
1010:
811:
1591:
8146:
7866:
7453:
6748:
6397:
6351:
5959:
4055:
3906:
3227:
2580:
1825:
1500:
724:
5190:
5183:
4642:
2549:
1575:
3958:
Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century
8060:
7792:
7129:
6753:
6633:
6550:
5613:
5332:
5287:
3979:
3605:
2704:
2545:
2391:
2309:
1744:
1661:
1562:
1523:
1469:
498:
20:
8081:
7987:
8076:
7941:
7656:
6944:
6679:
6291:
5910:
5535:
5357:
4630:
3530:
3404:
2938:
2919:
2908:
2850:
2842:
2823:
2807:
2772:
2282:
1637:
1570:
1453:
1406:
999:
992:
978:
588:
7946:
2610:
Originally, the Pechenegs had their dwelling on the river Atil (Volga), and likewise on the river
8116:
7337:
7139:
7049:
6949:
6286:
6108:
5342:
5130:
4837:
4764:
3706:
3686:
3660:
3652:
3505:
3422:
3346:
3210:
2862:
2854:
2799:
2720:
2434:
2430:
1809:
1777:
1507:
1095:
966:
8086:
4010:
3458:
8055:
4489:"Problems of Byzantine Historiography ~ Three Notes on Miniatures in the Chronicle of Manasses"
3492:
7925:
7920:
7495:
7394:
6855:
6713:
6427:
6346:
6099:
5846:
5520:
5432:
5407:
5397:
5392:
5362:
5302:
5149:
5086:
5067:
5048:
5016:
4997:
4965:
4946:
4927:
4904:
4881:
4866:
4578:
4548:
4509:
3962:
3676:
3636:
3377:
3151:
3102:
3040:
2904:
2752:
2736:
2595:
2589:
2508:
1837:
1772:
1688:
1615:
1374:
1366:
1326:
1318:
954:
720:
651:
168:
81:
7956:
5200:
3315:
3297:
8014:
7802:
7448:
7295:
7164:
7096:
7025:
6969:
6954:
6939:
6924:
6894:
6884:
6860:
6796:
6703:
6392:
6372:
6150:
5926:
5914:
5906:
5894:
5870:
5862:
5850:
5831:
5784:
5686:
5649:
5540:
5477:
5472:
5437:
5387:
5312:
5292:
5282:
5252:
4827:
4754:
4692:
3644:
3613:
3449:
3162:
2870:
2866:
2654:
2484:
2412:
1794:
1676:
1558:
1492:
1484:
1358:
1273:
1072:
942:
765:
668:
579:
570:
561:
534:
489:
480:
463:
238:
50:
4681:
3350:
3337:
3328:
2471:
1321:. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Pechenegs controlled much of the steppes of southeast
7951:
7812:
7419:
7330:
7169:
7149:
7054:
7044:
7030:
6959:
6919:
6914:
6879:
6780:
6734:
6708:
6228:
6205:
6178:
5918:
5890:
5886:
5858:
5827:
5764:
5721:
5704:
5530:
5492:
5427:
5412:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5352:
5347:
5337:
5327:
5307:
5297:
5265:
4196:
3520:
3214:
2810:
in 1036. Shortly thereafter, other nomadic peoples replaced the weakened Pechenegs in the
2716:
2326:
2301:
2274:
2216:
2132:
1806:
1790:
1785:
1700:
1653:
1629:
1595:
1477:
1354:
1159:
1131:
829:
642:
633:
615:
552:
525:
516:
7910:
6647:
3261:
3198:(Black Hats)". It is likely that the Pecheneg population of Hungary was decimated by the
2507:, but some groups were forced to join the Oghuz. The latter formed the 19th tribe of the
2147:"gate, entrance, door". If so, this tribe was the guardians of the Pechenegs to the west.
5030:
Pritsak, Omeljan (1975). "The Pechenegs: A Case of Social and Economic Transformation".
8029:
7848:
7731:
7617:
7581:
7480:
7316:
7235:
7159:
7101:
7020:
7015:
6964:
6929:
6904:
6889:
6820:
6612:
6604:
6540:
6437:
6417:
6311:
6296:
6261:
6162:
6135:
6009:
5934:
5922:
5898:
5878:
5839:
5804:
5788:
5749:
5654:
5644:
5563:
5497:
5482:
5462:
5447:
5442:
5417:
5402:
5322:
5260:
5243:
4920:
4660:
4051:
3734:
3668:
3540:
3413:
3323:
3222:
3195:
3002:
2960:
2915:
2873:
in 1122, on the territory of modern-day Bulgaria. With time the Pechenegs south of the
2835:
2763:
The heroic deed of the young Kyivite during the siege of Kyiv by the Pechenegs in 968.
2743:
2712:
2669:
2658:
2657:
allied with the Pechenegs, using them to fend off other, more dangerous tribes such as
2531:
2426:
1848:
1797:, but their language is poorly documented and therefore difficult to further classify.
1781:
1656:
elements. Their connection with Eastern Iranian elements is hinted at in the remark of
1390:
1330:
1310:
1152:
801:
751:
741:
624:
606:
597:
543:
507:
301:
277:
64:
46:
5195:
2641:
8110:
8091:
8045:
7972:
7915:
7776:
7551:
7485:
7424:
7309:
7256:
7144:
7134:
6909:
6729:
6473:
6463:
6266:
6155:
6054:
5882:
5800:
5770:
5714:
5699:
5664:
5571:
5487:
5467:
5452:
4841:
4768:
4027:
3440:
3395:
3243:
3231:
3124:
2923:
2893:
2811:
2791:
2731:
By the 9th and 10th centuries, Pechenegs controlled much of the steppes of southeast
2395:
2344:
2140:
1927:
1813:
1668:
1422:
1219:
1208:
1058:
400:
5110:Печенеги, Торки и Половцы до нашествия татар. История южно-русских степей IX—XIII вв
3288:
7977:
7824:
7691:
7676:
7490:
7429:
7399:
7363:
7323:
7187:
7059:
7036:
6804:
6740:
6627:
6452:
6238:
5866:
5808:
5792:
5754:
5606:
5576:
3978:
Németh, "Die Inschriften," 16, pp. 50-1; Ligeti, "A magyar nyelv," p.362, 506; and
3580:
3570:
3550:
3525:
3474:
3142:
3133:
3113:
3060:
2993:
2845:. After centuries of fighting involving all their neighbours—the Byzantine Empire,
2815:
2798:
nomads. The fortunes of the Rus'-Pecheneg confrontation swung during the reign of
2787:
2784:
2747:
2693:
2611:
2357:
2294:
1844:
1833:
1716:
1696:
1583:
1554:
1378:
1314:
1182:
894:
861:
790:
355:
94:
6847:
4602:
4598:
3575:
2483:
collapsed in 744 which gave rise to a series of intertribal confrontations in the
2304:, writing in c. 950, Patzinakia, the Pecheneg realm, stretched west as far as the
1579:(“Genealogy of the Turkmen") and provides for its meaning as "the one who makes".
6546:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
4572:
2857:. Alexios I recruited the defeated Pechenegs, whom he settled in the district of
7889:
7828:
7711:
7706:
7650:
7154:
7070:
6997:
6866:
6670:
6442:
6094:
6039:
5744:
5674:
5118:
4568:
3515:
3386:
3306:
3252:
3091:
2897:
2759:
2673:
2584:
2569:
2504:
2492:
2416:
2362:
2305:
1836:, proposes that each tribal name consists of two parts: the first part being an
1821:
1728:
1680:
1623:
1538:
1531:
833:
319:
116:
4962:
Nomads and their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Quipchaqs
4832:
4759:
7696:
7511:
6840:
6758:
6422:
6387:
6243:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6084:
6049:
5422:
3749:
3332:
3049:
2882:
2803:
2708:
2603:
2565:
2561:
2515:
1445:
1170:
1119:
1046:
918:
906:
5108:
4815:
4742:
4011:
Geschichte der Goldenen horde in Kiptschak, das ist: der Mongolen in Russland
1499:), implying that it initially referred to an "in-law related clan or tribe".
7726:
7716:
7630:
7516:
7302:
7264:
7245:
7225:
7200:
7106:
6640:
6468:
6447:
6412:
6407:
6382:
6356:
6316:
6301:
6271:
6174:
6125:
5796:
5709:
5669:
5590:
5586:
4062:
tributed 4,000 horses. Nowadays, the officials' horses are of that stock.
3774:
While his rule's exact end cannot be dated, Kurya was no longer khan by 988.
3368:
3359:
3013:
2878:
2500:
2420:
2277:, the Pechenegs are descendants from the ancient Kangars who originate from
1657:
1582:
Three of the eight Pecheneg "provinces" or clans were collectively known as
1542:
1514:, Pechenegs were described as "a Turkic nation living around the country of
882:
706:
682:
454:
364:
42:
6457:
6034:
3270:
5178:
4661:"The preaching of Islam; a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith"
4097:
Drevnetyurkskie Runiçeskie Pamyatniki Kak Istoçnik Po Istorii Sredney Azii
7836:
7681:
7625:
7611:
7596:
7571:
7561:
7531:
7220:
7207:
7193:
6774:
6499:
6432:
6377:
6326:
6281:
6130:
6104:
6079:
6029:
6004:
5821:
5634:
5598:
5582:
4608:
3583:, A Russian made general-purpose machine gun named after the Turkic tribe
3565:
3555:
3510:
3462:
3417:
3390:
3319:
3301:
3292:
2448:
2290:
2278:
2039:
1527:
1449:
1107:
776:
696:
678:
391:
328:
251:
98:
68:
2339:
8024:
7982:
7771:
7721:
7671:
7645:
7640:
7601:
7591:
7546:
7541:
7526:
7443:
7389:
7352:
7347:
7240:
7230:
7215:
7064:
6833:
6787:
6698:
6509:
6489:
6402:
6019:
6014:
5994:
5947:
5816:
5734:
5679:
5659:
5639:
5629:
5594:
3560:
3453:
3444:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3341:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3022:
2949:
2912:
2877:
lost their national identity and became fully assimilated, mostly with
2858:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2662:
2527:
2519:
2488:
2460:
2456:
2379:
2313:
1817:
1083:
870:
445:
409:
373:
346:
337:
310:
158:
2441:
scholars agree that the Pechenegs belonged to the Turkic peoples. The
8050:
7746:
7736:
7686:
7635:
7586:
7576:
7556:
7536:
7521:
7435:
7371:
7357:
7289:
7274:
7269:
7250:
7078:
6992:
6535:
6494:
6276:
6233:
6183:
6044:
5999:
5989:
5973:
5967:
5952:
5942:
5778:
5739:
5729:
5694:
4508:
V. Klyuchevsky, The course of the Russian history. v.1: "Myslʹ.1987,
3545:
3486:
3480:
3435:
3426:
3399:
3381:
3310:
3283:
3173:
3071:
2874:
2831:
2795:
2732:
2677:
2573:
2557:
2523:
2496:
2438:
2015:
1720:
1712:
1322:
436:
427:
418:
120:
4716:
3837:
2830:), after its defeat near Kiev the Pecheneg Horde moved towards the
2289:. Pritsak says that the Pechenegs' homeland was located between the
1515:
19:
This article is about the Turkic tribe. For the Russian weapon, see
7844:
7741:
7701:
7606:
7566:
7284:
7279:
7111:
6826:
6504:
6089:
6024:
5759:
4067:
3218:
3031:
2819:
2758:
2640:
2541:
2536:
2470:
2452:
2383:
2338:
1851:: Καγγαρ) and were deemed "more valiant and noble than the rest".
1329:. In the 9th century the Pechenegs began a period of wars against
1022:
710:
692:
382:
102:
6573:
7840:
7832:
6545:
6321:
5122:
2742:
In the 9th century the Pechenegs began a period of wars against
1812:
lists eight Pecheneg tribal groupings, four on each side of the
7862:
7858:
6577:
5209:
2853:
by a combined Byzantine and Cuman army under Byzantine Emperor
5146:
Pechenegs, Cumans, Iasians: Steppe peoples in medieval Hungary
1971:
4371:
4369:
1285:
3189:
The Pechenegs and contemporary Asian polities circa 1000 CE.
2696:
by 889, the Pechenegs in turn drove the Magyars west of the
287:
4943:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
4574:
Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204
3915:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
1632:
proposed that the name had initially been a composite term
1294:
1288:
1282:
5165:
The Pečenegs: a case of social and economic transformation
2794:
from Sviatoslav's skull, in accordance with the custom of
2645:
Sviatoslav enters Bulgaria with Pecheneg allies, from the
2514:
The Pechenegs who left their homeland settled between the
2463:, who had been sent as a chastisement to the Christians".
4645:, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich,
4526:"Stories About Spies. Story 1. Through the Pecheneg Camp"
4408:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4233:
4231:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3911:
Ethnogenesis in the Tribal Zone: The Shaping of the Türks
3205:
In 15th-century Hungary, some people adopted the surname
1297:
4435:
4433:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4163:Баскаков, Н. А. Тюркские языки, Москва 1960, с. 126-131.
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3630:
2841:
Pecheneg mercenaries served under the Byzantines at the
2684:
was also pressing the Pechenegs, but another group, the
4865:(Translated by E. R. A. Sewter) (1969). Penguin Books.
4111:
4109:
3714:
3700:
1537:
Pechenegs are mentioned as one of 24 ancient tribes of
6531:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
3866:
3864:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
2892:
In the 12th century, according to Byzantine historian
2503:. Most Pechenegs launched a new migration towards the
149:
Pecheneg Khanates and neighbouring territories, c.1030
4464:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
4223:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
3883:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
2688:, defeated that alliance. Driven further west by the
1291:
4790:"Türkalemiyiz.com "Türk Dünyasının İnternet Sitesi""
3839:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples
3728:
2922:. A group of Pechenegs was present at the Battle of
2398:
emphasizes that the Pechenegs' association with the
2285:
listed the Kangars among the subject peoples of the
1279:
8069:
8038:
8007:
8000:
7965:
7934:
7903:
7896:
7785:
7759:
7504:
7462:
7408:
7380:
7178:
7120:
7087:
7006:
6983:
6813:
6767:
6722:
6691:
6620:
6611:
6518:
6482:
6365:
6339:
6252:
6204:
6197:
6118:
6067:
5982:
5562:
5511:
5251:
4981:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People
2312:), and was four days distant from "Tourkias" (i.e.
1636:, mentioned in Old Turkic texts) deriving from the
1276:
196:
186:
174:
164:
154:
130:
109:
88:
75:
58:
4919:
4545:Armies and Enemies of the Crusades Second Edition
1886:Tribe of the Erdem with brilliant, shining horses
1755:, and Klyashtorny the Turkic numerus collectivus
292:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
5167:. Lisse, Netherlands: The Peter de Ridder Press.
4922:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250
4194:G. GYÖRFFY. "MONUMENTS DU LEXIQUE PETCHÉNÈGUE".
3625:
3213:for "Pecheneg"); they were most numerous in the
2834:, crossed the river, and disappeared out of the
1622:("chariot"), semantically related to the Turkic
1381:and other Byzantine authors referred to them as
2608:
2318:
1503:considers this derivation by no means certain.
3982:, "A Besenyők nyelve," p.170-91. Cited in the
3680:
7874:
6589:
5221:
4816:"Batı Anadolu'da Bir Peçenek Beği: Kızıl Beğ"
4743:"Batı Anadolu'da Bir Peçenek Beği: Kızıl Beğ"
1247:
8:
6564:State with limited international recognition
4079:K. H. Menges, Altaic elements, s. 101-104. (
29:
3855:Türk Şiveleri Lügatı = Dīvānü Luġāt-It-Türk
1843:The Erdim, Čur, and Yula tribes formed the
1541:by 14th-century statesman and historian of
8004:
7900:
7881:
7867:
7859:
6617:
6596:
6582:
6574:
6201:
5979:
5508:
5228:
5214:
5206:
4996:] (in Hungarian). Szukits Könyvkiadó.
2173:; may be Ipa + Hung. dim. suffix -cs (-ç).
1853:
1254:
1240:
746:
273:
143:
127:
35:
28:
5201:Of the Pechenegs, and how many advantages
4831:
4758:
4042:馬。印宅。" rough translation: "Horses of the
3894:
3587:Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300)
2885:. Significant communities settled in the
1393:texts, the Pechenegs were referred to as
8167:Late Byzantine-era tribes in the Balkans
4990:Háborúk és hadviselés az Árpádok korában
4284:
4151:
4008:Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Freiherr von,
1950:Tribe of the Kül-Bey with grayish horses
1679:(ed. Meshcherskiy, 454) which adds "the
4659:Arnold, Thomas Walker (June 21, 1896).
4412:
4375:
4360:
4237:
4210:
4014:, 1840. digital page n70 or 6/mode/2up.
3931:
3786:
3598:
3217:. One of the earliest introductions of
2579:The Pechenegs settled along the rivers
2131:Possibly not an equine coat color; cf.
2063:
1994:Tribe of the Tolmač with grayish horses
1217:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1020:
1008:
976:
964:
952:
940:
928:
916:
904:
892:
880:
868:
859:
799:
774:
749:
276:
5128:
4475:
4451:
4439:
4424:
4387:
4327:
4315:
4272:
4260:
4172:
4139:
4127:
4115:
3943:
3853:Maḥmūd, Kāshgarī; James Kelly (1982).
3823:
3804:
2715:, forcing them westward towards the
2459:" descended from "the godless sons of
1923:*Qabuqšın-Yula or *Khabuži/Kapuži-Jula
1840:, the other the tribal ruler's title.
1719:as purely Turkic name variants of the
5038:. The Peter de Ridder Press: 211–235.
3870:
3238:Settlements bearing the name Pecheneg
2419:) peoples in the region of the river
1456:word for "brother-in-law, relative” (
1433:. The Hungarian word for Pecheneg is
195:
185:
181:
7:
4682:Studies on Pechenegs Dr. AKDES KURAT
4038:也。是大宛馬種。形容極大。武德中。康國獻四千匹。今時官馬。猶是其種。……
3984:Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition)
3673:Πατζινάκοι, Πετσενέγοι, Πατζινακίται
3626:
59:Regions with significant populations
2802:(990–995), who founded the town of
2593:had its origin in this period. The
1906:Tribe of the Čur with bluish horses
4663:. Westminster, A. Constable and co
4577:. London: UCL Press. p. 117.
3495:Western Anatolia c. 1184-(????)s
2775:; some joined the Prince of Kiev,
2572:and the upper course of the river
14:
5148:. Hereditas. Budapest: Kultúra .
4994:Wars and Tactics under the Árpáds
4741:Baykara, Tuncer (June 21, 1998).
2360:originated the proposal that the
1727:'s institutional historical work
8162:Romania in the Early Middle Ages
8157:Moldova in the Early Middle Ages
7839:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
5553:
5237:
5177:
5013:The Magyars in the Ninth Century
4649:, Scarecrow Press, 2013, p. 439.
4647:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine
2931:
2386:, respectively), to the east of
1341:The Pechenegs were mentioned as
1272:
256:
231:
6536:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
5066:. Romanian Cultural Institute.
4983:. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
2719:, where they later founded the
2518:and Volga rivers. According to
1588:Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
1448:and some other researchers the
97:(in the Balkans, Anatolia) and
5015:. Cambridge University Press.
4926:. Cambridge University Press.
4903:. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
3986:, Vol.VIII, Leiden 1994, p.289
2647:Constantine Manasses Chronicle
2222:"foe-seeking magical arrow"(?)
1594:connected the ethnonym to the
1:
8177:History of the western steppe
6526:Organization of Turkic States
5107:Golubovsky, Peter V. (1884).
4876:Constantine Porphyrogenitus:
4730:– via www.academia.edu.
4671:– via Internet Archive.
4498:– via Internet Archive.
2348:
1731:apparently distinguishes the
278:History of the Turkic peoples
5144:Pálóczi-Horváth, A. (1989).
5032:Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
4945:. Editura Academiei Române.
4778:– via belleten.gov.tr.
3631:
2437:(1100–1165), and many other
1875:Reconstructed leader's name
1522:was the Turkic word for the
41:The Pechenegs slaughter the
8172:11th century in Kievan Rus'
8132:Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
8127:10th century in Kievan Rus'
4184:A magyarok eredete, Vámbéry
3715:
3701:
2828:History of Ukraine-Ruthenia
2620:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
2370:, who had settled near the
2327:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
2302:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
1569:among 24 ancient tribes of
1084:Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
931:Kimek–Kipchak Confederation
16:Extinct Oghuz Turkic people
8198:
5135:: CS1 maint: postscript (
4833:10.37879/belleten.1998.735
4760:10.37879/belleten.1998.735
4099:, Moscow 1964, p.163-167 (
3999:, Москва 1960, с. 126-131.
3200:Mongol invasion of Hungary
2896:, the Pechenegs fought as
2773:attacked and besieged Kiev
2194:"to turn back"; cf. Hung.
1770:
1565:mentions the Pechenegs as
1452:may have derived from the
691:Chief gods and goddesses:
18:
8152:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
7821:
6940:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
6559:
5551:
5043:Róna-Tas, András (1999).
5011:Macartney, C. A. (1968).
4979:Golden, Peter B. (1992).
4960:Golden, Peter B. (2003).
4941:Golden, Peter B. (2011).
4863:Anna Comnena: The Alexiad
4342:(year 6604/1096), p. 184)
4340:Russian Primary Chronicle
3729:
3710:
3690:
3681:
3672:
3656:
3648:
2568:from the lands along the
2544:of Pecheneg tribe as per
2444:Russian Primary Chronicle
2206:"interpreter, translator"
1872:Transcribed leader's name
1863:Reconstructed tribal name
1687:-speakers, most probably
1610:("black-blooded"), while
1606:("to go out riding") and
1573:(or Oghuzes) in his book
1112:11th century–13th century
210:
206:
182:
142:
137:
114:
93:
80:
63:
34:
8137:Ethnic groups in Hungary
7808:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
7476:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
6141:Timeline of the Göktürks
5085:. Koninklijke Brill NV.
4878:De Administrando Imperio
4814:Baykara, Tuncer (1998).
4611:: Akadémiai Kiadó. 1977.
4547:. Lulu.com. p. 73.
4466:(ch. 37), pp. 167., 169.
4299:Journal of Asian History
2727:Late history and decline
2653:In the 9th century, the
2625:De Administrando Imperio
2332:De Administrando Imperio
2287:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1930:with bark-colored horses
1612:Carlile Aylmer Macartney
1195:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
841:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
820:Western Turkic Khaganate
766:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
6965:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
6621:Azerbaijani communities
5081:Spinei, Victor (2009).
5062:Spinei, Victor (2003).
4621:Kinnamos, IV, 4, p. 143
4604:Magyar néprajzi lexikon
4054:. In the middle of the
3857:. Duxbury, Mass: Tekin.
3836:Peter Benjamin Golden.
2889:, around 150 villages.
2765:Andrey Ivanovich Ivanov
2637:Alliance with Byzantium
2509:Oghuz tribal federation
2378:peoples (identified as
1860:Transcribed tribal name
1711:classifies the Chinese
1614:associated it with the
1437:; the Romanian term is
849:Second Turkic Khaganate
8182:Extinct Turkic peoples
7798:Crimean Tatar diaspora
6975:Western Thracian Turks
6910:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
5855:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4988:Kristó, Gyula (2003).
4918:Curta, Florin (2006).
4901:Divanü Lügati't – Türk
4899:Atalay, Besim (2006).
4050:. They are a stock of
3738:
3724:
3664:
3640:
3617:
3609:
3536:Benedict, son of Samud
3409:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2768:
2650:
2630:
2553:
2476:
2354:
2337:
2018:with dark-brown horses
1547:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
1496:
1488:
1473:
1011:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
812:First Turkic Khaganate
293:
198:• Disestablished
105:(in Anatolia, Balkans)
7505:Extinct Turkic groups
7463:Turkic minorities in
7410:Turkic minorities in
7381:Turkic minorities in
7179:Turkic minorities in
6657:Georgian Azerbaijanis
6352:Proto-Turkic language
5983:Extinct Turkic groups
5196:The Primary Chronicle
5186:at Wikimedia Commons
5117:] (in Russian)at
4601:[Pechenegs].
3228:Abu Hamid al-Gharnati
2771:In 968 the Pechenegs
2762:
2644:
2550:Genealogy of Turkmens
2540:
2511:in the 11th century.
2474:
2342:
2308:(or even the Eastern
1664:and the Badjanak.".
1510:'s 11th-century work
1120:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
752:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
291:
165:Common languages
110:Related ethnic groups
8001:Üçoks (Three arrows)
7897:Bozoks (Grey arrows)
7823:Central Asian (i.e.
7793:Azerbaijani diaspora
7130:Iranian Azerbaijanis
6768:Turkmen communities
6664:Western Azerbaijanis
6634:Iranian Azerbaijanis
6551:World Turks Qurultai
5163:Pritsak, O. (1976).
4794:www.turkalemiyiz.com
3280:Bešenovački Prnjavor
3186:class=notpageimage|
2705:Simeon I of Bulgaria
2392:Eastern Roman Empire
2310:Carpathian Mountains
1855:Tribal Compositions
1563:Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur
1524:Eastern Roman Empire
1512:Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
1373:in works written in
1309:were a semi-nomadic
21:Pecheneg machine gun
6814:Turkish communities
6680:Javanshir Qizilbash
6292:Karachay-Cherkessia
4543:Heath, Ian (2019).
4427:, pp. 113–114.
4213:, pp. 211–212.
3969:/ Brill 2009, p.181
3897:, pp. 104–105.
3754:Caspian expeditions
3531:Ladislaus I Losonci
2851:Battle of Levounion
2843:Battle of Manzikert
2824:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
2808:Yaroslav I the Wise
2429:(c. 820 – 912 CE),
2283:Orkhon inscriptions
2042:with piebald horses
1856:
1673:Old Rus translation
1530:, and "a branch of
1407:East Slavic peoples
1000:Eastern Kara-Khanid
993:Western Kara-Khanid
979:Kara-Khanid Khanate
188:• Established
31:
7338:Siberian Bukharans
7140:Chaharmahali Turks
7121:Turkic minorities
7088:Turkic minorities
7007:Turkic minorities
6723:Kyrgyz communities
6692:Kazakh communities
6483:Traditional sports
6287:Kabardino-Balkaria
5907:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
4378:, p. 213-214.
3739:Pacinacae, Bisseni
3506:Taksony of Hungary
2855:Alexios I Komnenos
2800:Vladimir I of Kiev
2769:
2750:, reported in the
2668:The Uzes, another
2651:
2554:
2530:, Oghuz Turks and
2477:
2467:Westward migration
2435:Muhammad al-Idrisi
2431:Mahmud al-Kashgari
2355:
2045:Dniepr's east bank
2021:Dniepr's west bank
1997:Dniepr's east bank
1977:Dniepr's west bank
1953:Dniepr's east bank
1933:Dniepr's west bank
1909:Dniepr's east bank
1889:Dniepr's west bank
1854:
1805:Byzantine emperor
1778:Mahmud al-Kashgari
1751:the plural-suffix
1576:Shajara-i Tarākima
1369:documents, and as
1096:Khwarazmian Empire
967:Karluk Yabgu State
705:Epics and heroes:
294:
8104:
8103:
8100:
8099:
7996:
7995:
7856:
7855:
7755:
7754:
7666:
7659:
7620:
7496:Tatars of Romania
7469:
7438:
7395:Mongolian Kazakhs
7366:
7340:
7333:
7326:
7319:
7312:
7305:
7298:
7210:
7203:
7196:
7073:
7039:
6950:Palestinian Turks
6945:Montenegrin Turks
6869:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6799:
6790:
6783:
6743:
6714:Mongolian Kazakhs
6682:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6650:
6643:
6636:
6571:
6570:
6347:Old Turkic script
6335:
6334:
6146:Timeline 500–1300
6063:
6062:
5549:
5548:
5408:Kipchak languages
5363:Karamanli Turkish
5191:www.patzinakia.ro
5182:Media related to
5092:978-90-04-17536-5
5054:978-963-9116-48-1
5022:978-0-521-08070-5
4952:978-973-27-2152-0
4933:978-0-521-89452-4
4893:Secondary sources
4871:978-0-14-044958-7
4643:Ivan Katchanovski
4607:. Vol. One.
4225:(ch. 37), p. 167.
3885:(ch. 37), p. 171.
3699:
2905:Manuel I Komnenos
2902:Byzantine Emperor
2887:Hungarian kingdom
2781:Primary Chronicle
2753:Primary Chronicle
2737:Crimean Peninsula
2447:stated that the "
2055:
2054:
1974:with black horses
1959:*Ipa / *Iba (?),
1838:equine coat color
1773:Pecheneg language
1644:and the ethnonym
1551:Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh
1367:Classical Tibetan
1327:Crimean Peninsula
1319:Pecheneg language
1264:
1263:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1171:Qarlughid Kingdom
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1064:
1052:
1040:
1035:Pecheneg Khanates
1028:
1016:
984:
972:
960:
955:Oghuz Yabgu State
948:
936:
924:
919:Türgesh Khaganate
912:
900:
888:
876:
853:
845:
824:
816:
782:
757:
732:
731:
659:
658:
471:
470:
282:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
244:
243:
132:Pecheneg Khanates
126:
125:
82:Pecheneg language
8189:
8142:Islam in Hungary
8005:
7901:
7883:
7876:
7869:
7860:
7803:Turkish diaspora
7662:
7655:
7616:
7467:
7449:Karategin Uzbeks
7434:
7362:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7315:
7308:
7301:
7296:Astrakhan Tatars
7294:
7259:
7206:
7199:
7192:
7165:Iranian Turkmens
7097:Crimean Karaites
7069:
7035:
6935:Macedonian Turks
6900:Dodecanese Turks
6865:
6846:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6797:Iranian Turkmens
6795:
6786:
6779:
6739:
6678:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6646:
6639:
6632:
6618:
6598:
6591:
6584:
6575:
6393:Tibetan Buddhism
6373:Turkic mythology
6254:Autonomous areas
6206:Sovereign states
6202:
5980:
5962:
5937:
5834:
5811:
5773:
5724:
5689:
5650:Crimean Karaites
5624:
5601:
5557:
5509:
5388:Khorasani Turkic
5242:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5207:
5181:
5168:
5159:
5140:
5134:
5126:
5096:
5077:
5058:
5039:
5026:
5007:
4984:
4975:
4956:
4937:
4925:
4914:
4846:
4845:
4835:
4826:(235): 735–746.
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4762:
4753:(235): 735–746.
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4715:Ayçiçek, Recep.
4712:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4656:
4650:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4522:
4516:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4428:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4364:
4358:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4241:
4235:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4197:Acta Orientalia
4191:
4185:
4182:
4176:
4175:, p. 265-6.
4170:
4164:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4104:
4093:S.G. Klyaštornij
4090:
4084:
4077:
4071:
4021:
4015:
4006:
4000:
3995:Баскаков, Н. А.
3993:
3987:
3976:
3970:
3955:Victor Spinei, "
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3918:
3907:Golden, Peter B.
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3808:
3802:
3775:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3757:
3747:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3718:
3712:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3684:
3683:
3674:
3658:
3650:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3603:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3167:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3136:
3129:
3127:
3120:
3118:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3074:
3067:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3036:
3034:
3027:
3025:
3018:
3016:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2996:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2871:Battle of Beroia
2628:
2485:Eurasian steppes
2481:Turkic Khaganate
2433:(11th century),
2353:
2350:
2335:
2269:Origins and area
2257:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2235:, metathesis of
2229:
2223:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2148:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2068:
1857:
1810:Porphyrogennetos
1709:Hammer-Purgstall
1677:Josephus Flavius
1559:Khanate of Khiva
1425:mention them as
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1223:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1073:Sultanate of Rum
1062:
1050:
1047:Ghaznavid Empire
1038:
1026:
1014:
982:
970:
958:
946:
943:Uyghur Khaganate
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
874:
871:Khazar Khaganate
851:
843:
822:
814:
780:
755:
747:
742:Pre-14th century
719:Major concepts:
674:
673:
669:Turkic Mythology
486:
485:
481:Turkic Languages
464:Crimean Karaites
401:Cherniye Klobuki
307:
306:
281:pre–14th century
280:
274:
260:
259:
248:
247:
239:Khazar Khaganate
235:
234:
228:
227:
212:
211:
147:
128:
51:Madrid Skylitzes
39:
32:
8197:
8196:
8192:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8187:
8186:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8096:
8065:
8034:
7992:
7961:
7930:
7892:
7887:
7857:
7852:
7817:
7813:Kazakh diaspora
7781:
7751:
7500:
7466:
7464:
7458:
7420:Afghan Turkmens
7411:
7404:
7382:
7376:
7331:Siberian Tatars
7255:
7180:
7174:
7170:Iranian Kazakhs
7150:Khorasani Turks
7122:
7116:
7089:
7083:
7026:Chinese Kazakhs
7008:
7002:
6985:
6984:Turkic peoples
6979:
6880:Bulgarian Turks
6856:Abkhazian Turks
6809:
6781:Afghan Turkmens
6763:
6718:
6709:Iranian Kazakhs
6704:Chinese Kazakhs
6687:
6607:
6602:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6555:
6514:
6478:
6361:
6331:
6248:
6229:Northern Cyprus
6193:
6179:Altai Mountains
6114:
6059:
5978:
5958:
5903:North Macedonia
5845:
5826:
5783:
5769:
5765:Siberian Tatars
5720:
5705:Khorasani Turks
5685:
5612:
5581:
5558:
5545:
5507:
5428:Ottoman Turkish
5348:Karachay-Balkar
5247:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5175:
5162:
5156:
5143:
5127:
5106:
5103:
5101:Further reading
5093:
5080:
5074:
5061:
5055:
5042:
5029:
5023:
5010:
5004:
4987:
4978:
4972:
4959:
4953:
4940:
4934:
4917:
4911:
4898:
4895:
4859:
4857:Primary sources
4854:
4849:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4725:
4723:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4698:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4641:
4637:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4555:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4478:, p. I.57.
4474:
4470:
4462:
4458:
4450:
4446:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4419:
4411:
4394:
4386:
4382:
4374:
4367:
4359:
4346:
4338:
4334:
4326:
4322:
4314:
4310:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4283:
4279:
4271:
4267:
4259:
4244:
4236:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4114:
4107:
4091:
4087:
4078:
4074:
4046:, which is the
4022:
4018:
4007:
4003:
3994:
3990:
3977:
3973:
3954:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3921:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3826:, p. I.64.
3822:
3811:
3803:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3748:
3744:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3521:Szolnok (genus)
3502:
3471:
3240:
3215:county of Tolna
3192:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2920:William the Bad
2822:. According to
2783:, the Pecheneg
2729:
2721:Hungarian state
2717:Pannonian plain
2639:
2629:
2618:
2469:
2351:
2336:
2325:
2275:Omeljan Pritsak
2271:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2230:
2226:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2181:
2177:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2133:Ottoman Turkish
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:bravery, virtue
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
1807:Constantine VII
1803:
1775:
1769:
1654:Bulgaric Turkic
1650:Eastern Iranian
1640:word for stone
1630:Omeljan Pritsak
1586:. According to
1508:Mahmud Kashgari
1339:
1275:
1271:
1260:
1231:
1230:
1160:Tughlaq dynasty
1132:Delhi Sultanate
830:Tokhara Yabghus
791:Tiele (Gaoche)
756:202 BCE–13th CE
744:
734:
733:
677:Belief system:
671:
661:
660:
616:Karachay-Balkar
483:
473:
472:
304:
257:
232:
199:
189:
150:
133:
54:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8195:
8193:
8185:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8122:Turkic peoples
8119:
8109:
8108:
8102:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8073:
8071:
8067:
8066:
8064:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8011:
8009:
8002:
7998:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7938:
7936:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7907:
7905:
7898:
7894:
7893:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7878:
7871:
7863:
7854:
7853:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7763:
7761:
7757:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7732:Yenisei Kyrgyz
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7668:
7667:
7660:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7508:
7506:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7481:Finnish Tatars
7478:
7472:
7470:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7440:
7439:
7427:
7422:
7416:
7414:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7386:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7341:
7327:
7320:
7313:
7306:
7299:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7261:
7260:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7204:
7197:
7184:
7182:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7126:
7124:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7102:Crimean Tatars
7099:
7093:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7076:
7075:
7074:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7045:Chinese Uzbeks
7042:
7041:
7040:
7031:Chinese Kyrgyz
7028:
7023:
7021:Chinese Tatars
7018:
7012:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6989:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6972:
6970:Tunisian Turks
6967:
6962:
6957:
6955:Romanian Turks
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6925:Lebanese Turks
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6905:Egyptian Turks
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6885:Croatian Turks
6882:
6877:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6861:Algerian Turks
6858:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6844:
6837:
6830:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6802:
6801:
6800:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6771:
6769:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6735:Chinese Kyrgyz
6732:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6695:
6693:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6660:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6644:
6624:
6622:
6615:
6609:
6608:
6605:Turkic peoples
6603:
6601:
6600:
6593:
6586:
6578:
6569:
6568:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6541:Turkic Academy
6538:
6533:
6528:
6522:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6438:Khalwati order
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6418:Bektashi Order
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6343:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6297:Karakalpakstan
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6262:Altai Republic
6258:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6210:
6208:
6199:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6163:Nomadic empire
6160:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5986:
5984:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5931:Western Thrace
5837:
5836:
5835:
5819:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5655:Crimean Tatars
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5458:Siberian Tatar
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5263:
5257:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5174:
5173:External links
5171:
5170:
5169:
5160:
5154:
5141:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5091:
5078:
5072:
5059:
5053:
5040:
5027:
5021:
5008:
5002:
4985:
4976:
4970:
4957:
4951:
4938:
4932:
4915:
4909:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4874:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4806:
4781:
4733:
4707:
4696:
4685:
4674:
4651:
4635:
4623:
4614:
4590:
4583:
4560:
4554:978-0244174873
4553:
4535:
4517:
4501:
4480:
4468:
4456:
4454:, p. 144.
4444:
4442:, p. 138.
4429:
4417:
4415:, p. 214.
4392:
4390:, p. 114.
4380:
4365:
4363:, p. 212.
4344:
4332:
4330:, p. 186.
4320:
4318:, p. 182.
4308:
4289:
4287:, p. 235.
4277:
4275:, p. 232.
4265:
4263:, p. 113.
4242:
4240:, p. 211.
4227:
4215:
4203:
4186:
4177:
4165:
4156:
4154:, p. 239.
4144:
4142:, p. 343.
4132:
4130:, p. 181.
4120:
4105:
4085:
4072:
4016:
4001:
3997:Тюркские языки
3988:
3971:
3948:
3936:
3934:, p. 213.
3919:
3899:
3895:Macartney 1968
3887:
3875:
3873:, p. 182.
3860:
3845:
3842:. p. 264.
3828:
3809:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3742:
3721:Serbo-Croatian
3597:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3541:Chorni Klobuky
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3384:
3375:
3366:
3357:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3324:Czech Republic
3313:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3239:
3236:
3223:Eastern Europe
3196:Chorni Klobuky
3184:
3183:
3171:
3160:
3149:
3140:
3131:
3122:
3111:
3100:
3089:
3078:
3069:
3058:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3011:
3000:
2991:
2980:
2969:
2958:
2947:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2916:king of Sicily
2909:southern Italy
2836:Pontic steppes
2728:
2725:
2713:Pontic steppes
2700:River by 892.
2665:(Hungarians).
2638:
2635:
2616:
2596:Hudud al-'Alam
2590:Hudud al-'alam
2468:
2465:
2427:Ibn Khordadbeh
2345:Pontic steppes
2323:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2224:
2208:
2199:
2175:
2162:
2149:
2124:
2115:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:*Bata / *Bota
2049:
2046:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2012:
2011:*Yazı-Qap(ğ)an
2009:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:Κουαρτζι-τζούρ
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1802:
1799:
1793:branch of the
1771:Main article:
1768:
1765:
1715:and Byzantine
1695:, followed by
1561:and historian
1409:use the terms
1391:medieval Latin
1338:
1335:
1317:who spoke the
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1153:Khalji dynasty
1149:
1146:Mamluk dynasty
1139:
1138:
1127:
1126:
1115:
1114:
1108:Kerait Khanate
1103:
1102:
1091:
1090:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1041:
1030:
1029:
1018:
1017:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
996:
986:
985:
974:
973:
962:
961:
950:
949:
938:
937:
926:
925:
914:
913:
902:
901:
890:
889:
878:
877:
866:
865:
857:
856:
855:
854:
846:
826:
825:
817:
806:
805:
797:
796:
795:
794:
784:
783:
772:
771:
770:
769:
759:
758:
745:
740:
739:
736:
735:
730:
729:
727:
716:
715:
713:
702:
701:
699:
688:
687:
685:
672:
667:
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663:
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657:
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647:
645:
639:
638:
636:
630:
629:
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621:
620:
618:
612:
611:
609:
603:
602:
600:
594:
593:
591:
585:
584:
582:
576:
575:
573:
567:
566:
564:
558:
557:
555:
549:
548:
546:
540:
539:
537:
531:
530:
528:
522:
521:
519:
513:
512:
510:
504:
503:
501:
495:
494:
492:
484:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
468:
466:
460:
459:
457:
451:
450:
448:
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441:
439:
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432:
430:
424:
423:
421:
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414:
412:
406:
405:
403:
397:
396:
394:
388:
387:
385:
379:
378:
376:
370:
369:
367:
361:
360:
358:
352:
351:
349:
343:
342:
340:
334:
333:
331:
325:
324:
322:
316:
315:
313:
305:
302:Turkic peoples
300:
299:
296:
295:
284:
283:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
254:
245:
242:
241:
236:
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176:
172:
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166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
148:
140:
139:
135:
134:
131:
124:
123:
112:
111:
107:
106:
101:(historical);
91:
90:
86:
85:
78:
77:
73:
72:
65:Eastern Europe
61:
60:
56:
55:
40:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8194:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
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8080:
8078:
8075:
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8062:
8059:
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7999:
7989:
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7933:
7927:
7924:
7922:
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7914:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7902:
7899:
7895:
7891:
7884:
7879:
7877:
7872:
7870:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7851:territories).
7850:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7820:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
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7758:
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7703:
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7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7665:
7661:
7658:
7654:
7653:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7619:
7615:
7614:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7552:Black Klobuks
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7468:(exc. Russia)
7461:
7455:
7454:Afghan Kyrgyz
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7437:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7379:
7373:
7370:
7365:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7339:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7325:
7321:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7310:Mishar Tatars
7307:
7304:
7300:
7297:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7258:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7209:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7177:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7119:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7086:
7080:
7077:
7072:
7068:
7067:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7038:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7005:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6986:in Uzbekistan
6982:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6960:Serbian Turks
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6920:Kosovan Turks
6918:
6916:
6915:Israeli Turks
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6895:Cypriot Turks
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6875:Bosnian Turks
6873:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6849:
6845:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6831:
6828:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6803:
6798:
6794:
6789:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6766:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6749:Afghan Kyrgyz
6747:
6742:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6681:
6677:
6672:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6654:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6599:
6594:
6592:
6587:
6585:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6565:
6558:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6519:Organizations
6517:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6474:Vattisen Yaly
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6338:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6267:Bashkortostan
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6156:Turkification
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5772:
5771:Baraba Tatars
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5556:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5526:Common Turkic
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5503:Western Yugur
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5318:Crimean Tatar
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5245:
5231:
5226:
5224:
5219:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5180:
5172:
5166:
5161:
5157:
5155:963-13-2740-X
5151:
5147:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5084:
5079:
5075:
5073:973-85894-5-2
5069:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5047:. CEU Press.
5046:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5005:
5003:963-9441-87-2
4999:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4971:0-86078-885-7
4967:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4916:
4912:
4910:975-16-0405-2
4906:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4886:0-88402-021-5
4883:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4843:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4810:
4807:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4734:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4662:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4584:1-85728-495-X
4580:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4514:5-244-00072-1
4511:
4505:
4502:
4490:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4309:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4285:Róna-Tas 1999
4281:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4152:Róna-Tas 1999
4148:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4118:, p. 95.
4117:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4052:Dayuan horses
4049:
4048:Kangju nation
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3967:9789047428800
3964:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3949:
3946:, p. 94.
3945:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3807:, p. 93.
3806:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3688:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3623:
3622:Middle Turkic
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:Szirmabesenyő
3448:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:Pečeneg Ilova
3403:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3179:
3168:
3157:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3108:
3097:
3086:
3075:
3066:
3055:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
3006:
2997:
2995:KHITAN EMPIRE
2988:
2986:
2977:
2975:
2966:
2955:
2953:
2944:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2894:John Kinnamos
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2812:Pontic steppe
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:expelled them
2563:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:attacked the
2490:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:, Pechenegs,
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2396:Victor Spinei
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:According to
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2273:According to
2268:
2263:
2256:"small camel"
2253:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2160:"to frighten"
2159:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:"door, gate,
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:Tribe of the
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:Tribe of the
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:Tribe of the
1969:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:*Suru-Kül-Bey
1946:
1944:Συρου-κουλπέη
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:Tribe of the
1925:
1922:
1920:Χαβουξιν-γυλά
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:Ιαβδι-ερτί(μ)
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:Qangar/Kenger
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:Dnieper river
1811:
1808:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1795:Turkic family
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:Common Turkic
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:Ármin Vámbéry
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:-ruled Iran
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:According to
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1421:), while the
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1269:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1221:
1220:Ottoman State
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:Bahri dynasty
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1059:Seljuk Empire
1055:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1001:
997:
995:
994:
990:
989:
988:
987:
981:
980:
975:
969:
968:
963:
957:
956:
951:
945:
944:
939:
933:
932:
927:
921:
920:
915:
909:
908:
903:
897:
896:
891:
885:
884:
879:
873:
872:
867:
864:
863:
862:Sabiri People
858:
850:
847:
842:
839:
838:
837:
835:
831:
821:
818:
813:
810:
809:
808:
807:
804:
803:
798:
793:
792:
788:
787:
786:
785:
779:
778:
773:
768:
767:
763:
762:
761:
760:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
737:
728:
726:
722:
718:
717:
714:
712:
708:
704:
703:
700:
698:
694:
690:
689:
686:
684:
680:
676:
675:
670:
665:
664:
655:
653:
650:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
482:
477:
476:
467:
465:
462:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
303:
298:
297:
290:
286:
285:
279:
275:
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
237:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
209:
205:
201:
191:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
146:
141:
136:
129:
122:
118:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
83:
79:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
22:
8147:Pastoralists
8019:
7890:Oghuz tribes
7663:
7491:Lipka Tatars
7364:Tozhu Tuvans
7324:Volga Tatars
7037:Akto Turkmen
6930:Libyan Turks
6890:Cretan Turks
6805:Akto Turkmen
6754:Tajik Kyrgyz
6741:Akto Turkmen
6628:Azerbaijanis
6453:Qalandariyya
6428:Christianity
6239:Turkmenistan
6177: /
6168:Turco-Mongol
5607:Azerbaijanis
5176:
5164:
5145:
5114:
5109:
5082:
5063:
5044:
5035:
5031:
5012:
4993:
4989:
4980:
4961:
4942:
4921:
4900:
4877:
4862:
4823:
4819:
4809:
4797:. Retrieved
4793:
4784:
4772:. Retrieved
4750:
4746:
4736:
4724:. Retrieved
4720:
4717:"Peçenekler"
4710:
4699:
4688:
4677:
4665:. Retrieved
4654:
4646:
4638:
4626:
4617:
4603:
4593:
4573:
4569:Haldon, John
4563:
4544:
4538:
4529:
4520:
4504:
4492:. Retrieved
4483:
4471:
4463:
4459:
4447:
4420:
4413:Pritsak 1975
4383:
4376:Pritsak 1975
4361:Pritsak 1975
4339:
4335:
4323:
4311:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4280:
4268:
4238:Pritsak 1975
4222:
4218:
4211:Pritsak 1975
4206:
4195:
4189:
4180:
4168:
4159:
4147:
4135:
4123:
4096:
4088:
4075:
4063:
4059:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4004:
3996:
3991:
3974:
3956:
3951:
3939:
3932:Pritsak 1975
3902:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3854:
3848:
3838:
3831:
3770:
3761:
3745:
3618:Peçenek(ler)
3610:Peçeneq(lər)
3601:
3581:PKP Pecheneg
3571:Manav People
3551:Kangar union
3526:Vata (noble)
3516:Pok (genus)
3318:, a part of
3262:Besenyőtelek
3206:
3204:
3193:
3004:
2984:
2973:
2971:
2951:
2911:against the
2891:
2840:
2827:
2780:
2777:Sviatoslav I
2770:
2751:
2748:Igor of Kiev
2741:
2730:
2702:
2667:
2652:
2646:
2631:
2623:
2609:
2601:
2594:
2588:
2578:
2555:
2513:
2478:
2442:
2425:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2387:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:Paul Pelliot
2356:
2330:
2319:
2299:
2272:
2252:
2243:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2127:
2122:bright-green
2118:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2032:Βουλα-τζοπόν
1991:*Boru-Tolmač
1883:*Yavdı-Erdim
1842:
1828:, following
1804:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1666:
1662:Khwarazmians
1645:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1619:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1581:
1574:
1566:
1549:in his work
1536:
1519:
1505:
1501:Peter Golden
1480:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:Pieczyngowie
1426:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:Patzinakitai
1386:
1382:
1379:Anna Komnene
1370:
1362:
1353:in medieval
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1315:Central Asia
1313:people from
1306:
1267:
1265:
1218:
1207:
1193:
1183:Golden Horde
1181:
1169:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1071:
1057:
1045:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1009:
998:
991:
977:
965:
953:
941:
929:
917:
905:
895:Kangar Union
893:
881:
869:
860:
827:
800:
789:
775:
764:
750:
221:Succeeded by
220:
215:
95:Christianity
84:(historical)
71:(historical)
26:Ethnic group
7712:Toquz Oghuz
7651:Oghuz Turks
7618:Sir-Kıvchak
7412:Afghanistan
7155:Qarai Turks
7071:Tor Uyghurs
7050:Fuyu Kyrgyz
6998:Karakalpaks
6867:Kouloughlis
6671:Karapapakhs
6443:Malamatiyya
6095:Pan-Turkism
6075:Grey Wolves
6040:Oghuz Turks
5960:Afghanistan
5745:Qarai Turks
5675:Karakalpaks
5443:Sakha/Yakut
5333:Fuyü Gïrgïs
5288:Azerbaijani
5119:Runivers.ru
4964:. Ashgate.
4530:szru.gov.ua
4476:Atalay 2006
4452:Kristó 2003
4440:Kristó 2003
4425:Spinei 2003
4388:Spinei 2003
4328:Spinei 2009
4316:Spinei 2009
4273:Golden 2011
4261:Spinei 2003
4173:Golden 1992
4140:Spinei 2009
4128:Spinei 2009
4116:Spinei 2003
4060:Kang nation
4044:Kang nation
4024:Tang Huiyao
3944:Spinei 2003
3824:Golden 2003
3805:Spinei 2003
3606:Azerbaijani
3423:Pieczeniegi
3347:Máriabesnyő
2898:mercenaries
2744:Kievan Rus'
2659:Kievan Rus'
2570:Kuban River
2505:Volga River
2493:Oghuz Turks
2475:Europe 1097
2417:Oghuz Turks
2363:Book of Sui
2352: 1015
2306:Siret River
2035:*Bula-Čopan
2008:Γιαζι-χοπὸν
1988:Βορο-ταλμάτ
1903:*Küerči-Čur
1801:Composition
1729:Tang Huiyao
1723:; however,
1602:("agile"),
1532:Oghuz Turks
1470:Azerbaijani
1417:(plural of
1331:Kievan Rus'
834:Turk Shahis
781:71 BC–?? AD
499:Azerbaijani
320:Oghuz Turks
216:Preceded by
117:Oghuz Turks
49:, from the
8111:Categories
8070:Dingiz Han
7966:Yılduz Han
6759:Van Kyrgyz
6641:Shahsevans
6423:Burkhanism
6388:Aiyy Faith
6307:Nakhchivan
6244:Uzbekistan
6224:Kyrgyzstan
6219:Kazakhstan
6214:Azerbaijan
6085:Burkhanism
5911:Montenegro
5875:Dodecanese
5536:Old Uyghur
5521:Old Turkic
5423:Old Turkic
5358:Karakalpak
4852:References
4721:Peçenekler
4599:"besenyők"
4066:s horses;
3871:Curta 2006
3750:Ibn Haukal
3665:Besenyő(k)
3657:Печеніг(и)
3649:Печенег(и)
3459:Pechenitsa
3441:Pöttsching
3432:Pieczonogi
3396:Pečenjevce
3349:a part of
3338:Ládbesenyő
3333:Azerbaijan
3244:Besenyszög
3232:Pečenjevce
2940:KARAKHANID
2883:Bulgarians
2861:(today in
2804:Pereyaslav
2655:Byzantines
2604:Ibn Fadlan
2562:Hungarians
2546:Abul-Ghazi
2457:Polovcians
2247:or "Čaban"
2169:cf. Hung.
2079:or "Erdem"
2070:or "Yawdı"
1939:*Qorqutai
1936:Κουρκοῡται
1749:Kang-ar-as
1634:(Kängär As
1454:Old Turkic
1446:Max Vasmer
1383:Patzinakoi
1361:texts, as
907:Turk Shahi
589:Karakalpak
8117:Pechenegs
8056:Alayuntlu
7786:Diasporas
7727:Xueyantuo
7717:Uriankhai
7664:Pechenegs
7657:Turkomans
7631:Kutrigurs
7303:Kryashens
7265:Kumandins
7246:Karachays
7226:Besermyan
7201:Telengits
7107:Krymchaks
7090:in Crimea
7055:Ili Turks
6648:Küresünni
6469:Zahediyeh
6464:Safaviyya
6413:Bayramiye
6408:Batiniyya
6383:Shamanism
6366:Religions
6357:Turkology
6317:Tatarstan
6302:Khakassia
6272:Chuvashia
6198:Locations
6175:Tian Shan
6151:Migration
6126:Turkestan
6109:Hungarian
6100:Turkesism
5797:Kryashens
5785:Astrakhan
5710:Krymchaks
5670:Karachays
5591:Telengits
5587:Kumandins
5513:Alphabets
5343:Ili Turki
5253:Languages
5184:Pechenegs
5131:cite book
4842:252493145
4769:252493145
4631:Chalandon
4305:(42): 21.
4101:cited PDF
4081:cited PDF
4064:Kangheli'
4030:quote: "
4028:"Vol. 72"
3913:". From:
3782:Footnotes
3716:pechenezi
3707:Bulgarian
3702:pechenegi
3696:romanized
3687:Bulgarian
3661:Hungarian
3653:Ukrainian
3576:Petržalka
3493:Kızıl Beg
3369:Pecineaga
3360:Pechenihy
3211:Hungarian
3164:BYZANTINE
3155:CALIPHATE
3084:CHALUKYAS
3051:GHAZNAVID
3015:SRIVIJAYA
2974:Pechenegs
2926:in 1155.
2879:Romanians
2865:) into a
2863:Macedonia
2501:Al-Masudi
2421:Syr Darya
2405:Be-ča-nag
2143:", Hung.
1967:*Qara-Bay
1735:from the
1658:al-Biruni
1638:Tocharian
1608:kani-kara
1604:kangirmak
1543:Ilkhanate
1518:", where
1431:Piecinigi
1371:Pačanak-i
1363:Be-ča-nag
1307:Patzinaks
1268:Pechenegs
1224:1299–1922
1199:1250–1517
1187:1242–1502
1175:1224–1266
1136:1206–1526
1124:1136–1225
1100:1077–1231
1088:1067–1239
1063:1037–1194
883:Xueyantuo
725:Grey wolf
707:Ergenekon
683:Shamanism
455:Krymchaks
365:Kutrigurs
76:Languages
43:Varangian
30:Pechenegs
8025:Çavuldur
8020:Pecheneg
8015:Bayandur
7926:Karaevli
7921:Alkaevli
7837:Turkmens
7825:Turkmeni
7682:Saragurs
7626:Kurykans
7612:Kipchaks
7597:Keraites
7582:Göktürks
7572:Dughlats
7562:Dingling
7532:Berendei
7383:Mongolia
7353:Tofalars
7317:Nağaybäk
7221:Bashkirs
7208:Tubalars
7194:Chelkans
7188:Altaians
7009:in China
6841:Tahtacıs
6834:Muhacirs
6775:Turkmens
6433:Hurufism
6378:Tengrism
6327:Xinjiang
6282:Gagauzia
6131:Mongolia
6105:Turanism
6080:Kemalism
6068:Politics
6030:Kipchaks
6010:Göktürks
6005:Dughlats
5859:Bulgaria
5847:Abkhazia
5822:Turkmens
5805:Nağaybäk
5635:Bashkirs
5599:Tubalars
5583:Chelkans
5577:Altaians
5531:Cyrillic
5433:Pecheneg
5398:Krymchak
5303:Chagatai
5276:Southern
5271:Northern
4820:Belleten
4799:June 21,
4774:June 21,
4747:Belleten
4726:June 21,
4667:June 21,
4609:Budapest
4571:(1999).
4494:June 21,
4056:Wude era
3730:Печенези
3725:Pečenezi
3711:печенези
3691:печенеги
3682:პაჭანიკი
3677:Georgian
3641:Pecenegi
3637:Romanian
3627:بَجَنَكْ
3566:Kipchaks
3556:Kankalis
3511:Tonuzoba
3500:See also
3463:Bulgaria
3418:Slovakia
3414:Pečeňady
3391:Slovakia
3387:Pečenice
3320:Kunovice
3307:Bešenovo
3302:Slovakia
3298:Bešeňová
3293:Slovakia
3253:Besenyőd
2900:for the
2847:Bulgaria
2818:and the
2735:and the
2711:and the
2686:Samanids
2661:and the
2617:—
2449:Torkmens
2407:and the
2390:(or the
2324:—
2291:Aral Sea
2279:Tashkent
2016:Qap(ğ)an
1983:*Qaydum
1964:Χαρα-βοη
1895:*Bay-ča
1869:Location
1767:Language
1737:Kangheli
1733:Kang(ju)
1705:Baskakov
1616:Chagatai
1571:Turkmens
1528:Anatolia
1462:baja-naq
1450:ethnonym
1439:Pecenegi
1415:Pečenezi
1411:Pečenegi
1395:Pizenaci
1375:Georgian
1337:Ethnonym
1325:and the
1051:963–1186
1039:860–1091
1027:856–1335
1015:848–1036
983:840–1212
959:750–1055
935:743–1035
875:618–1048
802:Göktürks
777:Dingling
679:Tengrism
652:Krymchak
392:Kipchaks
329:Saragurs
252:Kipchaks
169:Pecheneg
138:889–1091
99:Tengrism
89:Religion
69:Anatolia
45:army of
8061:Yüreğir
8039:Tak Han
8008:Gök Han
7983:Begdili
7957:Yaparlı
7952:Dodurga
7904:Gün Han
7849:Ottoman
7833:Iranian
7829:Afghani
7777:Mughals
7772:Hazaras
7722:Utigurs
7697:Türgesh
7672:Onogurs
7646:Nushibi
7641:Naimans
7602:Khazars
7592:Karluks
7547:Chigils
7542:Bulgars
7527:Barsils
7465:Europe
7444:Ansarlu
7390:Khotons
7348:Teleuts
7241:Dolgans
7236:Chuvash
7231:Chulyms
7216:Balkars
7160:Qashqai
7145:Khalajs
7123:in Iran
7065:Uyghurs
6788:Ansarlu
6699:Kazakhs
6613:Peoples
6510:Chovgan
6490:Kyz kuu
6403:Alevism
6340:Studies
6136:History
6119:Origins
6050:Türgesh
6020:Khazars
6015:Karluks
5995:Bulgars
5970:(Sakha)
5948:Uyghurs
5927:Tunisia
5915:Romania
5895:Lebanon
5863:Croatia
5851:Algeria
5840:Turkish
5832:Iranian
5817:Tofalar
5789:Chinese
5750:Qashqai
5735:Naimans
5680:Kazakhs
5660:Dolgans
5645:Chuvash
5640:Chulyms
5630:Balkars
5622:Georgia
5618:Armenia
5595:Teleuts
5572:Afshars
5564:Peoples
5541:Persian
5478:Turkmen
5473:Turkish
5438:Qashqai
5393:Kipchak
5313:Chuvash
5293:Bashkir
5125:format.
3980:Györffy
3698::
3645:Russian
3632:Bäčänäk
3614:Turkish
3561:Khazars
3489:c. 990s
3483:c. 980s
3477:c. 970s
3469:Leaders
3454:Hungary
3445:Austria
3378:Peçenek
3373:Romania
3364:Ukraine
3355:Hungary
3351:Gödöllő
3342:Hungary
3329:Biçənək
3316:Beščeně
3289:Bešeňov
3275:Hungary
3266:Hungary
3257:Hungary
3248:Hungary
3207:Besenyö
3153:FATIMID
3117:DYNASTY
3082:WESTERN
3005:Kyrgyzs
2942:KHANATE
2859:Moglena
2792:chalice
2790:made a
2709:Etelköz
2698:Dnieper
2690:Khazars
2682:Karluks
2663:Magyars
2528:Khazars
2520:Gardizi
2489:Karluks
2461:Ishmael
2413:Uyghurs
2380:Onogurs
2314:Hungary
2295:Kangars
2264:History
2158:qorqut-
2112:küğerči
2108:küverči
2097:wealthy
2003:*Qosta
1980:Καϊδούμ
1915:*Küğel
1892:Βαϊτζαν
1866:Meaning
1822:Oghuzes
1818:Khazars
1747:saw in
1725:Wang Pu
1689:Kipchak
1584:Kangars
1567:bechene
1557:of the
1539:Oghuzes
1516:the Rum
1497:bacanak
1493:Turkish
1485:Turkmen
1474:bacanaq
1466:bajinaq
1435:Besenyő
1419:Pečeneg
1399:Bisseni
1359:Persian
1351:Bajanak
971:756–940
947:744–840
923:699–766
911:665-850
899:659–750
887:628–646
852:682–744
844:581–650
823:581–657
815:552–581
580:Qasgqai
571:Chuvash
562:Bashkir
535:Turkmen
490:Turkish
446:Dolgans
410:Uyghurs
374:Karluks
347:Bulgars
338:Utigurs
311:Onogurs
175:History
159:Khanate
8082:Büğdüz
8030:Chepni
7988:Kargın
7973:Afshar
7935:Ay Han
7845:Syrian
7767:Abdals
7760:Others
7747:Yabaku
7737:Yueban
7687:Shatuo
7677:Sabirs
7636:Merkit
7587:Kangly
7577:Esegel
7557:Cumans
7537:Bulaqs
7522:Basmyl
7486:Gagauz
7436:Timuri
7430:Aimaqs
7425:Afshar
7372:Yakuts
7358:Tuvans
7290:Tatars
7285:Soyots
7275:Nogais
7270:Kumyks
7257:Koibal
7251:Khakas
7181:Russia
7135:Afshar
7079:Yugurs
6993:Uzbeks
6848:Yörüks
6730:Kyrgyz
6500:Kokpar
6495:Jereed
6458:Rifaʽi
6448:Qadiri
6277:Crimea
6234:Turkey
6184:Otuken
6045:Shatuo
6035:K'o-sa
6000:Cumans
5990:Bulaqs
5974:Yugurs
5968:Yakuts
5953:Uzbeks
5943:Tuvans
5919:Serbia
5891:Kosovo
5887:Israel
5871:Cyprus
5828:Afghan
5801:Mishar
5779:Tatars
5740:Nogais
5730:Kumyks
5715:Kyrgyz
5700:Khalaj
5695:Khakas
5665:Gagauz
5493:Uyghur
5413:Kyrgyz
5383:Khazar
5378:Khalaj
5373:Khakas
5368:Kazakh
5353:Karaim
5338:Gagauz
5328:Dolgan
5308:Chulym
5298:Bulgar
5261:Afshar
5246:topics
5244:Turkic
5152:
5089:
5070:
5051:
5019:
5000:
4968:
4949:
4930:
4907:
4884:
4869:
4840:
4767:
4581:
4551:
4512:
4058:, the
3965:
3679::
3546:Cumans
3487:Kuchug
3481:Metiga
3436:Poland
3427:Poland
3400:Serbia
3382:Turkey
3311:Serbia
3284:Serbia
3271:Besnyő
3166:EMPIRE
3106:YABGUS
3095:EMPIRE
3073:BUYIDS
3064:SHAHIS
3053:EMPIRE
3042:KHOTAN
2985:Kimeks
2962:KIEVAN
2952:Cumans
2924:Andria
2913:Norman
2875:Danube
2832:Danube
2816:Cumans
2814:: the
2796:steppe
2733:Europe
2694:Cumans
2680:, and
2678:Kimeks
2670:Turkic
2581:Donets
2574:Donets
2564:, and
2558:Burtas
2524:Cumans
2497:Kimaks
2487:. The
2455:, and
2439:Muslim
2281:. The
2196:Kajdan
2192:qaðıt-
2188:qayıt-
2135:قاپو
2027:*Yazı
2000:Κώσταν
1834:Ligeti
1830:Németh
1826:Golden
1745:Menges
1741:Kangly
1721:Kangly
1717:Kangar
1713:Kangju
1697:Ligeti
1693:Németh
1669:Spinei
1642:(kank)
1624:Gaoche
1600:kangir
1598:words
1596:Kyrgyz
1481:: baja
1478:Kyrgyz
1355:Arabic
1347:Bjanak
1323:Europe
1311:Turkic
643:Karaim
634:Gagauz
553:Kyrgyz
526:Uyghur
517:Kazakh
437:Yakuts
428:Kumyks
419:Tatars
178:
155:Status
121:Cumans
115:Other
8092:Qiniq
8077:Iğdır
8051:Eymür
8046:Salur
7978:Qiziq
7947:Döger
7942:Yazır
7916:Bayat
7841:Iraqi
7742:Yagma
7707:Torks
7702:Tuhsi
7692:Tiele
7607:Kimek
7567:Duolu
7400:Dukha
7280:Shors
7112:Urums
7060:Salar
6827:Gajal
6821:Turks
6505:Jigit
6398:Islam
6312:Sakha
6090:Jadid
6025:Kimek
5935:Yemen
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