Stream - Knowledge (XXG)

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Although each tributary has its own source, international practice is to take the source farthest from the river mouth as the source of the entire river system, from which the most extended length of the river measured as the starting point is taken as the length of the whole river system, and that furthest starting point is conventionally taken as the source of the whole river system. For example, the origin of the Nile River is the confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile, but the source of the whole river system is in its upper reaches. If there is no specific designation, "length of the Nile" refers to the "river length of the Nile system", rather than to the length of the Nile river from the point where it is formed by a confluence of tributaries. The Nile's source is often cited as Lake Victoria, but the lake has significant feeder rivers. The Kagera River, which flows into Lake Victoria near Bukoba's Tanzanian town, is the longest feeder, though sources do not agree on which is the Kagera's longest tributary and therefore the Nile's most remote source itself.

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which eventually enters streams. Most precipitated water is partially bottled up by evaporation or freezing in snow fields and glaciers. The majority of the water flows as a runoff from the ground; the proportion of this varies depending on several factors, such as climate, temperature, vegetation, types of rock, and relief. This runoff begins as a thin layer called sheet wash, combined with a network of tiny rills, which together form the sheet runoff; when this water is focused in a channel, a stream is born. Some rivers and streams may begin from lakes or ponds.

1364: 57: 1208:, to be released later by evaporation or melting. The rest of the water flows off the land as runoff, the proportion of which varies according to many factors, such as wind, humidity, vegetation, rock types, and relief. This runoff starts as a thin film called sheet wash, combined with a network of tiny rills, together constituting sheet runoff; when this water is concentrated in a channel, a stream has its birth. Some creeks may start from ponds or lakes. 1212: 1509: 69: 1168: 1382: 49: 1180: 267: 1477:. There is no clear demarcation between surface runoff and an ephemeral stream, and some ephemeral streams can be classed as intermittent—flow all but disappearing in the normal course of seasons but ample flow (backups) restoring stream presence — such circumstances are documented when stream beds have opened up a path into mines or other underground chambers. 282: 172:). The surface and subterranean water are highly variable between periods of rainfall. Groundwater, on the other hand, has a relatively constant input and is controlled more by long-term patterns of precipitation. The stream encompasses surface, subsurface and groundwater fluxes that respond to geological, geomorphological, hydrological and biotic controls. 252: 1500: 231: 1767:

Well defined river beds composed of riffles, pools, runs, gravel bars, a bed armor layer, and other depositional features, plus well defined banks due to bank erosion, are good identifiers when assessing for perennial streams. Particle size will help identify a perennial stream. Perennial streams cut

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As an essential symbol of the river formation environment, the river source needs an objective and straightforward and effective method of judging. A calculation model of river source catchment area based on critical support flow (CSD) proposed, and the relationship between CSA and CSD with a minimum

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is 0.0028 m/s. At the same time, the white water curvature is 0.0085 m/s. Besides, the critical support flow can vary with hydrologic climate conditions, and the vital support flow Qc in wet areas (white water) is larger than in semi-arid regions (heap slot). The proposed critical support flow (CSD)

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A stream's source depends on the surrounding landscape and its function within larger river networks. While perennial and intermittent streams are typically supplied by smaller upstream waters and groundwater, headwater and ephemeral streams often derive most of their water from precipitation in the

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In geological terms, the stream will erode down through its bed to achieve the base level of erosion throughout its course. If this base level is low, then the stream will rapidly cut through underlying strata and have a steep gradient, and if the base level is relatively high, then the stream will

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Freshwater's primary sources are precipitation and mountain snowmelt. However, rivers typically originate in the highlands, and are slowly created by the erosion of mountain snowmelt into lakes or rivers. Rivers usually flow from their source topographically, and erode as they pass until they reach

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Streams, headwaters, and streams flowing only part of the year provide many benefits upstream and downstream. They defend against floods, remove contaminants, recycle nutrients that are potentially dangerous as well as provide food and habitat for many forms of fish. Such streams also play a vital

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does not occur in perennial streams since such material is continuously flushed. In the adjacent overbank of a perennial stream, fine sediment may cling to riparian plant stems and tree trunks. Organic debris drift lines or piles may be found within the active overbank area after recent high flow.

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A perennial stream can be identified 48 hours after a storm. Direct storm runoff usually has ceased at this point. If a stream is still flowing and contributing inflow is not observed above the channel, the observed water is likely baseflow. Another perennial stream indication is an abundance of

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are secondary indicators in assessment of a perennial stream because some fish and amphibians can inhabit areas without persistent water regime. When assessing for fish, all available habitat should be assessed: pools, riffles, root clumps and other obstructions. Fish will seek cover if alerted to

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streams have an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the

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are looping changes of direction of a stream caused by the erosion and deposition of bank materials. These are typically serpentine in form. Typically, over time the meanders gradually migrate downstream. If some resistant material slows or stops the downstream movement of a meander, a stream may

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is a stream which does not have any other recurring or perennial stream feeding into it. When two first-order streams come together, they form a second-order stream. When two second-order streams come together, they form a third-order stream. Streams of lower order joining a higher order stream do

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The source of a river or stream (its point of origin) can consist of lakes, swamps, springs, or glaciers. A typical river has several tributaries; each of these may be made up of several other smaller tributaries, so that together this stream and all its tributaries are called a drainage network.

1309:, beginning with steep gradients, no flood plain, and little shifting of channels, eventually evolving into streams with low gradients, wide flood plains, and extensive meanders. The initial stage is sometimes termed a "young" or "immature" stream, and the later state a "mature" or "old" stream. 1222:

The streams typically derive most of their water from rain and snow precipitation. Most of this water re-enters the atmosphere either by evaporation from soil and water bodies, or by plant evapotranspiration. By infiltration some of the water sinks into the earth and becomes groundwater, much of

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in North America divides the mainly easterly-draining Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean basins from the largely westerly-flowing Pacific Ocean basin. The Atlantic Ocean basin, however, may be further subdivided into the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico drainages. (This delineation is termed the

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The word "perennial" from the 1640s, meaning "evergreen," is established in Latin perennis, keeping the meaning as "everlasting all year round," per "over" plus annus "year." This has been proved since the 1670s by the "living years" in the sense of botany. The metaphorical sense of "enduring,

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streams are streams whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent

1759:. These amphibians can be found in stream channels, along stream banks, and even under rocks. Frogs and tadpoles usually inhabit shallow and slow moving waters near the sides of stream banks. Frogs will typically jump into water when alerted to human presence. 3050:[The Determination of the Source of the Typical River in Tibet Based on the Critical Support Flow and the Analysis of the River Network Analysis-Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition) 2014-06-Find dissertations and theses]. 1485:. An ephemeral stream does not have the biological, hydrological, and physical characteristics of a continuous or intermittent stream. The same non-perennial channel might change characteristics from intermittent to ephemeral over its course. 1290:

of erosion. The base level of erosion is the point at which the stream either enters the ocean, a lake or pond, or enters a stretch in which it has a much lower gradient, and may be specifically applied to any particular stretch of a stream.

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According to official U.S. definitions, the channels of intermittent streams are well-defined, as opposed to ephemeral streams, which may or may not have a defined channel, and rely mainly on storm runoff, as their aquatic bed is above the

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The channel followed by a stream (a flowing body of water) or the stream itself. In the UK, some aspects of criminal law, such as the Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1951, specify that a watercourse includes those rivers which are

238: 3259:'Black Creek is an ephemeral stream. It used to drain an area between Turtle Creek and the Susquehanna River, but now loses its flow to underground mines via broken bedrock. Its channel is also disrupted by strip mines and rock piles.' 1878:, or any other thing which might restrict the flow of the stream in ordinary or flood conditions. Any structure over or in a stream which results in limitations on the movement of fish or other ecological elements may be an issue. 1240:

concept and model method can be used to determine the hydrographic indicators of river sources in complex geographical areas, and it can also reflect the impact of hydrologic climate change on river recharge in different regions.

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The extent of land basin drained by a stream is termed its drainage basin (also known in North America as the watershed and, in British English, as a catchment). A basin may also be composed of smaller basins. For instance, the

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is one which flows continuously all year. Some perennial streams may only have continuous flow in segments of its stream bed year round during years of normal rainfall. Blue-line streams are perennial streams and are marked on

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along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock

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Australian creek, low in the dry season, carrying little water. The energetic flow of the stream had, in flood, moved finer sediment further downstream. There is a pool to lower right and a riffle to upper left of the

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is defined as the solid matter carried by a stream. Streams can carry sediment, or alluvium. The amount of load it can carry (capacity) as well as the largest object it can carry (competence) are both dependent on the

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through the soil profile, which removes fine and small particles. By assessing areas for relatively coarse material left behind in the stream bed and finer sediments along the side of the stream or within the

1565:). In full flood the stream may or may not be "torrential" in the dramatic sense of the word, but there will be one or more seasons in which the flow is reduced to a trickle or less. Typically torrents have 1694:, larger than 0.5 mm, found in stream and river bottoms. Macroinvertebrates are larval stages of most aquatic insects and their presence is a good indicator that the stream is perennial. Larvae of 1230:

The scientists have offered a way based on data to define the origin of the lake. A classified sample was the one measured by the Chinese researchers from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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Steigerwalt, Nancy M.; Cichra, Charles E.; Baker, Shirley M. (2008). "Composition and Distribution of Aquatic Invertebrate Communities on Snags in a North Central Florida, USA, Spring-Run Stream".

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streams are streams whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., streams that follow slope of the land over which they originally formed.

1119:. In some jurisdictions, owners of land over which the water flows may have the legal right to use or retain some or much of that water. This right may extend to estuaries, rivers, streams, 1785:

are present, indicating persistent expression of oxygen-depleted ground water. In a forested area, leaf and needle litter in the stream channel is an additional indicator. Accumulation of

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To qualify as a stream, a body of water must be either recurring or perennial. Recurring (intermittent) streams have water in the channel for at least part of the year. A stream of the

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catchment area established. Using the model for comparison in two basins in Tibet (Helongqu and Niyang River White Water), the results show that the critical support flow (Qc) of the

1592:(this last one from arabic origin) in Spain and Latin America. In Australia, an intermittent stream is usually called a creek and marked on topographic maps with a solid blue line. 3099: 3556: 3402: 462: 486: 3448:"Technical guidance for Identification of Perennial Stream For the Purpose of Jurisdictional Determinations Under 10 VSA Section 1021(a) and 1002(10) January 16, 2018" 235: 3512:

Li, Zhouyuan; Liu, Xuehua; Niu, Tianlin; Kejia, De; Zhou, Qingping; et al. Environmental science & technology Vol. 49, Iss. 10, (May 19, 2015): 5897–5904.

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The fall of water where the stream goes over a sudden drop called a knickpoint; some knickpoints are formed by erosion when water flows over an especially resistant

122:. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to by a variety of local or regional names. Long, large streams are usually called 1573:

sources, and in the summer they are fed by little precipitation and no melting snow. In this case the maximum discharge will be during the spring and autumn.

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Technical Guidance for Identification of Perennial Stream For the Purpose of Jurisdictional Determinations Under 10 VSA Section 1021(a) and 1002(10)

403:, a (narrow) stream that is smaller than a river; a minor tributary of a river; a brook. Sometimes navigable by water craft and may be intermittent. 1455:

There are high channels of permeability, especially stratospheric, boundary conditions; while stratospheric groundwater also decreases on occasion.

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role in preserving our drinking water quality and supply, ensuring a steady flow of water to surface waters and helping to restore deep aquifers.

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is also used to name streams in Maryland, for streams/rivers which have waterfalls on them, even if such falls only have a small vertical drop.

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erode through the neck between two legs of a meander to become temporarily straighter, leaving behind an arc-shaped body of water termed an

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Cheng Haining, Liu Shaoyuan. Discussion on criteria for the determination of sources of large rivers . Qinghai Land Survey 2009, 06:24–28.

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and becomes groundwater, much of which eventually enters streams. Some precipitated water is temporarily locked up in snow fields and

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or through caves. A stream can, especially with caves, flow aboveground for part of its course, and underground for part of its course.

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The point at which the two streams merge. If the two tributaries are of approximately equal size, the confluence may be called a fork.

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A shoal that develops in a stream as sediment is deposited as the current slows or is impeded by wave action at the confluence.

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The part of a stream or river proximate to its source. The word is most commonly used in the plural where there is no single

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Alexander, L. C., Autrey, B., DeMeester, J., Fritz, K. M., Golden, H. E., Goodrich, D. C., ... & McManus, M. G. (2015).

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human presence, but should be easily observed in perennial streams. Amphibians also indicate a perennial stream and include

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The river's longitudinal section, or the line joining the deepest point in the channel at each stage from source to mouth.

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Absence of such characteristics supports classifying a stream as intermittent, "showing interruptions in time or space".

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is one that only flows for part of the year and is marked on topographic maps with a line of blue dashes and dots. A

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Riverbed forms, for example, riffles, pools, runs, gravel bars, other depositional characteristics, bed armor layer.

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is a small creek; this is seen in proper names in eastern North America from the Mid-Atlantic states (for instance,

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Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Journey to the source of the Nile.

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As shown by bank leakage, spring, or other indicators, grass-roots flow mainly supports groundwater recharge.

4761: 4453: 4218: 3518:"A Citizen's Primer on Stream Ecology, Water Quality, Hydrology, and Fluvial Geomorphology-Volume II" (PDF). 2057: 1887: 1782: 56: 42: 953:

in the United States) The area of land where water flows into a stream. A large drainage basin such as the

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is a large natural stream that is much wider and deeper than a creek and not easily fordable, and may be a

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Connectivity of streams and wetlands to downstream waters: review and synthesis of the scientific evidence

1922: 731: 582:, is a stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel, and the phenomenon is known as 298: 88: 3029: 4541: 4388: 4350: 3799: 3738: 2344: 1927: 1577: 1258: 1172: 803: 200: 158: 3503:

Nile Basin Initiative. 2011. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2011.

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Direct observation or compelling evidence suggests that there is no interruption in the flow at ground.

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British...especially an inlet...(whereas) NZ, North American, Australian...stream or minor tributary.

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also indicate the stream is perennial. These require a persistent aquatic environment for survival.

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eternal" originates from 1750. They are related to "perennial." See biennial for shifts in vowels.

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of a stream is a critical factor in determining its character and is entirely determined by its

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word meaning "riverbed" or "water channel", and can also be used for the UK meaning of 'creek'.

4672: 4511: 4503: 4443: 4403: 4292: 4107: 3869: 3859: 3645: 3464: 3005: 2459: 2453: 2434: 2424: 1907: 1840: 1661:: A stream or reach of a stream which shows a net loss of water to groundwater or evaporation. 1446:

regression on the VHD data layer-oriented application on the probability of intermittent flow.

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Washes can fill up quickly during rains, and there may be a sudden torrent of water after a

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A site along the route of a stream or river, used for reference marking or water monitoring.

679: 533: 363: 340: 322: 115: 107: 2939:"Recognition of the Sedimentary Architecture of Dryland Anabranching (Anastomosing) Rivers" 1781:

red rust material in a slow-moving wetted channel or stagnant area. This is evidence that

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Identification Methods for the Origins of Intermittent and Perennial streams, Version 3.1

2821: 2248: 3403:"Methodology for Identification of Intermittent and Perennial Streams and Their Origins" 2954: 2127: 1974: 1673:: refers to the loss or isolation flow separated from the groundwater in the air zone. 1473:

Generally, streams that flow only during and immediately after precipitation are termed

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on a shoreline beach or river floodplain, or between a bar and the shore. Also called a

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from the mainland). In these cases, the "stream" is the tidal stream, the course of the

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is a contributory stream to a larger stream, or a stream which does not reach a static

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The point at which a stream emerges from an underground course through unconsolidated

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The existence of one or more specific features of the perennial streams, including:

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form of rain and snow. Most of this precipitated water re-enters the atmosphere by

1162: 1094: 979: 972: 954: 813: 786: 716:, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, or West Virginia can be the name of a stream. 683: 611: 574: 474: 255: 204: 48: 3301: 1951: 1847:

basin. Continuing in this vein, a component of the Mississippi River basin is the

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The surrounding topography exhibits features of being formed by fluvial processes.

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but joins another river (a parent river). Sometimes also called a branch or fork.

2480:"Olympic Experimental State Forest Synthesis of Riparian Research and Monitoring" 1635:

streams are streams flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage.

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Shannonhouse, Royal G. (1961). "Some Principles of Water Law in the Southeast".

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North American, Australian, NZ...A stream, brook, or minor tributary of a river.

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Existence of native aquatic organisms which require undisturbed survival flow.

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The existence of aquatic organisms that require uninterrupted circulation.

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with a larger stream. Common terms for individual river distributaries in

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Economic importance in fishing, hunting, manufacturing and agriculture.

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in Delaware, and other streams) down into the Caribbean (for instance,

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US, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand a small stream or tributary

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Stream with low gradient surrounded by natural riparian vegetation (

3272:"2. EVALUATING THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERMITTENT STREAMS" 3167: 3137: 1333:. A flood may also cause a meander to be cut through in this way. 811:

of southern England for ephemeral rivers. When permanent, they are

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streams are streams whose course has been determined by selective

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is the name given to streams coming out of small natural springs.

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is a stream smaller than a creek, especially one that is fed by a

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Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices

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Lewis, Roy; Hilton, John Buxton; Fallon, Jennifer (2022-04-05).

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require a continuous aquatic habitat until they reach maturity.

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A small, narrow stream flowing down a tiny dell in Pennsylvania.

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of plants. Some of the water proceeds to sink into the earth by

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The line on which the stream's surface meets the channel walls.

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or delta, into a static body of water such as a lake or ocean.

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in areas which were once occupied by the Danes and Norwegians.

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Manual of Hydrology: Part 1. General Surface-Water Techniques

3300:"Stream Identification Method and Rating Form: Definitions". 1956:

Manual of Hydrology: Part 1. General Surface-Water Techniques

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Perennial streams have one or more of these characteristics:

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are actually rivers named in this manner, unique to Maryland.

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is common throughout the United States, as well as Australia.

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Stream, its floodplains, and the transitional upland fringe.

3162:. Washington, DC: US Geological Survey (USGS). p. 57. 2169:

U.S., Canada , and Australia…a stream smaller than a river.

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The catchment area exceeds .25 square miles (0.65 km).

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The point at which the stream discharges, possibly via an

3427:"Perennial Stream Field Identification Protocol May 2003" 3048:"基于临界支撑流量的西藏典型河流源头位置确定及河网解析研究-四川大学学报(工程科学版)2014年06期-手机知网" 990:

The point on a stream's profile where a sudden change in

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Indications of waterborne debris and sediment transport.

3212:"perennial stream | Search Online Etymology Dictionary" 2010:

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Atlanta, GA. 2009-05-13.

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A segment where the water is deeper and slower moving.

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Black Creek (Susquehanna River)#Hydrology and climate

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will be a good indicator of persistent water regime.

1655:: A stream or path to receive water from groundwater. 375: 366: 352: 343: 145:

The flow of a stream is controlled by three inputs –

2769:. United States Geological Survey. 26 November 2018. 369: 346: 4681: 4620: 4502: 4364: 4336: 4237: 4209: 4141: 3963: 3830: 3747: 3669: 3580: 3159:

Outline of ground-water hydrology, with definitions

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Outline of ground-water hydrology, with definitions

638:There are a number of regional names for a stream. 1056:A somewhat smoothly flowing segment of the stream. 528:The linear channel between the parallel ridges or 187:in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a 2918:Jones, J.G. (1965). "Water Rights in Louisiana". 1303:Typically, streams are said to have a particular 965:Lands adjacent to the stream that are subject to 730:is used for streams from larger springs like the 650:is used to name streams in Maryland and Virginia. 3467:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2001:"What is hydrology and what do hydrologists do?" 3486:(Water Supply Paper 1541-A). Reston, VA: USGS. 3121: 3119: 3117: 1958:(Water Supply Paper 1541-A). Reston, VA: USGS. 1034:A segment where the flow is shallower and more 329:. A brook is characterised by its shallowness. 3100:"Next on Egypt's to-do: Ethiopia and the Nile" 2851:definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary 1843:basin and several smaller basins, such as the 1140:, followed by one less so. The stream expends 3550: 1945: 1943: 1553:In Italy, an intermittent stream is termed a 8: 1576:An intermittent stream can also be called a 1268:not change the order of the higher stream. 1026:, fast-flowing stretch of a stream or river. 30:"Rivulet" redirects here. For the moth, see 27:Body of surface water flowing down a channel 3478:Langbein, W.B.; Iseri, Kathleen T. (1995). 2897:"Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1951" 2423:(3rd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. 1950:Langbein, W.B.; Iseri, Kathleen T. (1995). 1642:surface, its structure or the type of rock. 3557: 3543: 3535: 2523: 2521: 2323:Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) 1690:"Macroinvertebrate" refers to easily seen 1090:The water moving through a stream channel. 126:, while smaller, less voluminous and more 3006:"Streams | Rivers & Streams | US EPA" 2126:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 2093:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 2074:Northern, North Midland, and Western U.S. 1550:, which flows after sufficient rainfall. 861:and appears to have been an invention of 175:Streams are important as conduits in the 3295: 3293: 3291: 1600:There are five generic classifications: 1144:in "trying" to eliminate the knickpoint. 586:. Distributaries are common features of 4156:International scale of river difficulty 3067:"The Truth About the Source of R. Nile" 2247:Spruce Creek Association. Kittery, ME. 1939: 1046:A large natural stream, which may be a 3187:"OSM – COALEX State Inquiry Report 97" 2767:"USGS Water Science Glossary of Terms" 1435:Defined river or stream bed and banks. 1196:from soil and water bodies, or by the 957:contains many smaller drainage basins. 3421: 3419: 3397: 3395: 3393: 1524:conditions. In the United States, an 857:. The variant "ghyll" is used in the 7: 2873:"Watercourse definition and meaning" 2734:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2712:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2690:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2668:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2646:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2624:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2602:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2580:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2506:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2478:Bisson, Peter and Wondzell, Steven. 2421:Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems 1930:, a stream that flows only in winter 1429:Riverbank erosion and/or polishment. 845:is seen in the north of England and 3480:"Hydrologic Definitions: Watershed" 2249:"About the Spruce Creek Watershed." 1542:is normally a dry streambed in the 900:For a more comprehensive list, see 3245:Characteristic of perennial stream 2124:English Oxford Living Dictionaries 2054:English Oxford Living Dictionaries 1851:basin, which in turn includes the 969:when a stream overflows its banks. 891:and Cumbria for a seasonal stream. 191:. Given the status of the ongoing 25: 2325:. United States Geological Survey 1973:Basic Biology (16 January 2016). 1866:are where streams are crossed by 1647:According to the water underneath 929:A depression created by constant 610:. They can also occur inland, on 325:. It is usually small and easily 3529:Glossary of stream-related terms 3490:from the original on 2012-05-09. 3174:from the original on 2017-07-09. 3144:from the original on 2017-07-09. 1962:from the original on 2012-05-09. 1952:"Hydrologic Definitions: Stream" 1681:Indicators of a perennial stream 1520:begins upstream, such as during 1370:a small perennial stream in the 1295:form a flood plain and meander. 921:A fork into two or more streams. 362: 339: 4313:Flooded grasslands and savannas 3193:from the original on 2012-04-15 2943:Journal of Sedimentary Research 1588:-speaking world or torrente or 1489:Intermittent or seasonal stream 933:that carries the stream's flow. 2529:"Derek Watkin's USGS Analysis" 2458:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 590:, and are often found where a 1: 453:channel at low and high tide. 4479:Universal Soil Loss Equation 4429:Hydrological transport model 4323:Storm Water Management Model 2491:United States Forest Service 1806:Flood and erosion protection 491:United States Virgin Islands 195:, streams play an important 3065:McLeay, Cam (2 July 2006). 2822:"Definition of WATERCOURSE" 2780:"Stream Corridor Structure" 2493:, p. 15 (December 1, 2009). 2455:The Basics of Earth Science 2395:"White Gut River (Jamaica)" 1227:the base stage of erosion. 207:. The study of streams and 60:Frozen stream in Enäjärvi, 4844: 3983:Antecedent drainage stream 3465:"The importance of stream" 3156:Meinzer, Oscar E. (1923). 3126:Meinzer, Oscar E. (1923). 2877:Collins English Dictionary 2419:Wetzel, Robert G. (2001). 2273:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 1898:Fluvial sediment processes 1837:Eastern Continental Divide 1686:Benthic macroinvertebrates 1492: 1275: 1256: 1160: 899: 620:English-speaking countries 40: 29: 4747: 4719:River valley civilization 4602:Riparian-zone restoration 3353:"Definition of RESEQUENT" 2452:Krebs, Robert E. (2003). 2220:. Springer Nature Limited 1991:(Vol. 475). EPA/600/R-14. 902:List of fluvial landforms 877:is a term encountered in 785:is used in areas between 218:and is a core element of 4782:Countries without rivers 4757:Rivers by discharge rate 4469:Runoff model (reservoir) 4434:Infiltration (hydrology) 3132:. Washington, DC: USGS. 2937:North, Colin P. (2007). 1409:with a solid blue line. 1171:Small tributary stream, 1117:dry for part of the year 829:is used in Scotland and 487:other rivers and streams 34:. For the musician, see 4454:River Continuum Concept 4219:Agricultural wastewater 3357:www.merriam-webster.com 3176:Water Supply Paper 494. 3146:Water Supply Paper 494. 2319:"Feature Query Results" 2058:Oxford University Press 1888:Aqueduct (water supply) 1783:iron-oxidizing bacteria 1776:Hydrological indicators 1076:The bottom of a stream. 495:many streams and creeks 243:Creek babbling through 220:environmental geography 211:in general is known as 203:and thus in conserving 76:in south-eastern France 43:Stream (disambiguation) 4777:River name etymologies 4704:Hydraulic civilization 4562:Floodplain restoration 4338:Point source pollution 4113:Sedimentary structures 2710:"OED Online – Rivulet" 2091:oxforddictionaries.com 1923:Tidal stream generator 1562: 1540:desert wash, or arroyo 1513: 1505: 1397: 1378: 1219: 1188: 1176: 664:Little Gunpowder Falls 305: 297:A low level stream in 290: 278: 263: 248: 92: 89:North Rhine-Westphalia 77: 65: 53: 4389:Discharge (hydrology) 4351:Industrial wastewater 3832:Sedimentary processes 3514:DOI:10.1021/es505985q 3034:www.sciencedirect.com 2600:"OED Online – Bourne" 2159:. Dictionary.com, LLC 2130:on September 24, 2016 2097:on September 24, 2016 2027:. Dictionary.com, LLC 1855:basin, and so forth. 1763:Geological indicators 1726:(clams), and aquatic 1511: 1502: 1384: 1366: 1259:Strahler Stream Order 1214: 1182: 1170: 807:is used in the chalk 296: 284: 269: 254: 242: 130:streams are known as 83: 71: 59: 52:Rocky stream in Italy 51: 4494:Volumetric flow rate 4078:Riffle-pool sequence 3434:www.deq.virginia.gov 3110:on December 9, 2013. 2963:10.2110/jsr.2007.089 2920:Louisiana Law Review 2899:. legislation.gov.uk 2622:"OED Online – Brook" 2504:"OED Online -Branch" 2345:"Sandy Gut, Jamaica" 2258:Accessed 2010-10-02. 2217:Macmillan Dictionary 1810:Groundwater recharge 1803:Clean drinking water 1596:Consequential or not 580:distributary channel 287:Rhineland-Palatinate 181:groundwater recharge 41:For other uses, see 4668:Whitewater kayaking 4663:Whitewater canoeing 4464:Runoff curve number 4308:Flood pulse concept 3329:"consequent stream" 2955:2007JSedR..77..925N 2732:"OED Online – Sike" 2688:"OED Online – Nant" 2666:"OED Online – Gill" 2644:"OED Online – Burn" 2578:"OED Online – Beck" 1814:Pollution reduction 1237:housing dragon song 1185:Perisher Ski Resort 896:Related terminology 754:Mid-Atlantic states 594:stream enters wide 201:fragmented habitats 199:role in connecting 193:Holocene extinction 4694:Aquatic toxicology 4607:Stream restoration 4572:Infiltration basin 4424:Hydrological model 3940:Sediment transport 3763:Estavelle/Inversac 3641:Subterranean river 3216:www.etymonline.com 2785:2015-04-02 at the 2485:2022-08-13 at the 2269:"Gut (definition)" 2254:2008-07-03 at the 2187:Collins Dictionary 2006:2014-02-22 at the 1893:Environmental flow 1832:Continental Divide 1548:American Southwest 1514: 1506: 1495:Intermittent river 1398: 1379: 1220: 1198:evapotranspiration 1189: 1177: 863:William Wordsworth 831:North East England 775:Scottish Highlands 598:or approaches the 306: 291: 279: 270:A small stream in 264: 249: 162:subterranean water 93: 78: 66: 54: 4813:Fluvial landforms 4790: 4789: 4767:Whitewater rivers 4673:Whitewater slalom 4504:River engineering 4404:Groundwater model 4365:River measurement 4293:Flood forecasting 4108:Sedimentary basin 3965:Fluvial landforms 3870:Bed material load 3646:River bifurcation 3260: 3104:www.aljazeera.com 2804:Mercer Law Review 2552:Florida Scientist 2465:978-0-313-31930-3 1841:Mississippi River 1306:elevation profile 949:(also known as a 889:Scottish Lowlands 871:is used in Wales. 750:Midwestern states 584:river bifurcation 465:in Pennsylvania, 439:Portsbridge Creek 429:, typically in a 245:Benvoulin, Canada 240: 179:, instruments in 16:(Redirected from 4835: 4752:Rivers by length 4587:River morphology 4489:Wetted perimeter 4394:Drainage density 3905:Headward erosion 3734:Perennial stream 3606:Blackwater river 3559: 3552: 3545: 3536: 3492: 3491: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3431: 3423: 3414: 3413: 3407: 3399: 3388: 3387: 3381: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3308: 3297: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3268: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3183: 3177: 3175: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3123: 3112: 3111: 3106:. 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Archived from 2973: 2967: 2966: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2883: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2799: 2793: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2763: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2525: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2500: 2494: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2370:"Bens Gut River" 2366: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2298:Anyplace America 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2265: 2259: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2060:. Archived from 2046: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2017: 2011: 1998: 1992: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1947: 1864:Stream crossings 1817:Wildlife habitat 1619:headward erosion 1469:Ephemeral stream 1407:topographic maps 1402:perennial stream 1359:Perennial or not 1238: 1148:Wetted perimeter 642:Northern America 457:In hydrography, 382: 381: 378: 377: 374: 371: 368: 359: 358: 355: 354: 351: 348: 345: 241: 99:is a continuous 21: 18:Torrent (stream) 4843: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4808:Bodies of water 4793: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4762:Drainage basins 4743: 4677: 4616: 4592:Retention basin 4552:Erosion control 4547:Detention basin 4498: 4414:Hjulström curve 4366: 4360: 4332: 4276:Non-water flood 4233: 4205: 4151:Helicoidal flow 4137: 4038:Fluvial terrace 4033:Floating island 3959: 3834: 3826: 3817:Rhythmic spring 3751: 3743: 3724:Stream gradient 3665: 3651:River ecosystem 3616:Channel pattern 3584: 3576: 3563: 3525: 3500: 3498:Further reading 3495: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3463: 3462: 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2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2487:Wayback Machine 2477: 2473: 2466: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2431: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2401: 2399:Gazettering.com 2393: 2392: 2388: 2378: 2376: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2351: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2326: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2256:Wayback Machine 2246: 2242: 2236: 2230:a narrow stream 2223: 2221: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2192: 2190: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2162: 2160: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2133: 2131: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2100: 2098: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2067: 2065: 2064:on May 18, 2019 2048: 2047: 2043: 2030: 2028: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2008:Wayback Machine 1999: 1995: 1986: 1982: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1949: 1948: 1941: 1937: 1913:River ecosystem 1884: 1861: 1845:Tombigbee River 1827: 1825:Drainage basins 1796: 1778: 1765: 1736: 1688: 1683: 1649: 1598: 1530:seasonal stream 1497: 1491: 1471: 1361: 1356: 1350:of the stream. 1339: 1315: 1301: 1280: 1278:Stream gradient 1274: 1261: 1255: 1250: 1248:Characteristics 1236: 1165: 1159: 1079:Stream corridor 992:stream gradient 905: 898: 887:is used in the 773:is used in the 767: 644: 636: 570: 542: 526: 507: 499:Dutch Caribbean 414:, and parts of 365: 361: 342: 338: 335: 311: 272:Lake Parramatta 230: 228: 164:, and surfaced 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4841: 4839: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4795: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4653:Stone skipping 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4537:Drop structure 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4517:Balancing lake 4514: 4508: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4444:Playfair's law 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4399:Exner equation 4396: 4391: 4386: 4384:Bradshaw model 4381: 4376: 4370: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4342: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4271:Urban flooding 4263: 4258: 4256:Crevasse splay 4253: 4251:100-year flood 4247: 4245: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4215: 4213: 4211:Surface runoff 4207: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4191:Stream capture 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4147: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4103:Rock-cut basin 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3969: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3945:Suspended load 3942: 3937: 3935:Secondary flow 3932: 3927: 3925:Retrogradation 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3890:Dissolved load 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3841: 3839: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3822:Spring horizon 3819: 3814: 3809: 3807:Mineral spring 3804: 3803: 3802: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3788:list in the US 3785: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3759: 3757: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3714:Stream channel 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3636:Drainage basin 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3596:Alluvial river 3592: 3590: 3578: 3577: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3524: 3523:External links 3521: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3470: 3456: 3439: 3415: 3389: 3368: 3344: 3333:Dictionary.com 3320: 3287: 3263: 3261:, 14 Nov 2016. 3247: 3227: 3203: 3178: 3168:10.3133/wsp494 3148: 3138:10.3133/wsp494 3113: 3090: 3057: 3039: 3021: 2997: 2968: 2929: 2910: 2888: 2863: 2838: 2813: 2794: 2772: 2745: 2723: 2701: 2679: 2657: 2635: 2613: 2591: 2569: 2558:(3): 273–286. 2542: 2531:. 25 July 2011 2517: 2495: 2471: 2464: 2444: 2430:978-0127447605 2429: 2411: 2386: 2361: 2336: 2310: 2285: 2260: 2240: 2234: 2203: 2173: 2157:Dictionary.com 2144: 2111: 2078: 2041: 2025:dictionary.com 2012: 1993: 1980: 1965: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1920: 1918:Rock-cut basin 1915: 1910: 1908:Playfair's Law 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1883: 1880: 1860: 1857: 1853:Kentucky River 1826: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1795: 1792: 1777: 1774: 1764: 1761: 1735: 1732: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1675:Classification 1668: 1662: 1656: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1636: 1630: 1623: 1609: 1608: 1597: 1594: 1580:in Britain, a 1490: 1487: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1354:Classification 1352: 1338: 1335: 1314: 1311: 1300: 1297: 1276:Main article: 1273: 1270: 1257:Main article: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1161:Main article: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1145: 1142:kinetic energy 1134: 1128: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1091: 1088: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1069: 1062: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1044: 1039: 1032: 1027: 1020: 1015: 1012: 1007: 1000: 995: 988: 983: 976: 970: 963: 958: 947: 945:Drainage basin 942: 939: 934: 927: 922: 919: 914: 911: 897: 894: 893: 892: 882: 872: 866: 853:influenced by 834: 824: 818: 794: 778: 766: 765:United Kingdom 763: 762: 761: 739: 717: 699: 696:Dutch language 671: 657: 651: 643: 640: 635: 632: 600:coastal plains 569: 566: 541: 538: 525: 522: 506: 503: 455: 454: 443:Portsea Island 435:mangrove swamp 408:United Kingdom 404: 334: 331: 310: 307: 227: 224: 147:surface runoff 85:Aubach (Wiehl) 32:Rivulet (moth) 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4840: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4818:Geomorphology 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4803:Water streams 4801: 4800: 4798: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4734:Surface water 4732: 4730: 4729:Sacred waters 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4714:Riparian zone 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4699:Body of water 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4648:Riverboarding 4646: 4644: 4643:River surfing 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367:and modelling 4363: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4328:Return period 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4288:Flood control 4286: 4284: 4283:Flood barrier 4281: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3915:Palaeochannel 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3875:Granular flow 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3621:Channel types 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3601:Braided river 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3471: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3404: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3384:www.maine.gov 3378: 3372: 3369: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3305: 3304: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3277: 3276:www.fs.fed.us 3273: 3267: 3264: 3256: 3251: 3248: 3239: 3238: 3231: 3228: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3192: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3152: 3149: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3091: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2998: 2987:on 2017-07-07 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977:"Watercourse" 2972: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2911: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2864: 2852: 2848: 2847:"watercourse" 2842: 2839: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789:Adapted from 2788: 2784: 2781: 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1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1824: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1692:invertebrates 1685: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1510: 1501: 1496: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1478: 1476: 1468: 1466: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1403: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1312: 1310: 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736:Rainbow River 733: 729: 725: 721: 718: 715: 711: 707: 703: 700: 697: 694:comes from a 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676: 672: 669: 665: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 645: 641: 639: 633: 631: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 612:alluvial fans 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 576: 567: 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 550:body of water 547: 539: 537: 535: 531: 523: 521: 519: 516: 512: 504: 502: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 402: 401:United States 398: 394: 390: 386: 385: 384: 380: 357: 332: 330: 328: 324: 320: 316: 308: 304: 300: 295: 288: 283: 277: 273: 268: 261: 257: 253: 246: 225: 223: 221: 217: 216: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 189:riparian zone 186: 182: 178: 173: 171: 167: 163: 160: 156: 152: 151:precipitation 148: 143: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 106: 105:surface water 102: 98: 90: 86: 82: 75: 70: 63: 58: 50: 44: 37: 33: 19: 4772:Flash floods 4724:River cruise 4621:River sports 4474:Stream gauge 4459:Rouse number 4449:Relief ratio 4298:Flood-meadow 4229:Urban runoff 4143:Fluvial flow 4128:River valley 4098:River island 4063:Meander scar 3978:Alluvial fan 3920:Progradation 3795:Karst spring 3739:Winterbourne 3694:Chalk stream 3670: 3656:River source 3631:Distributary 3569: 3483: 3473: 3459: 3442: 3433: 3409: 3383: 3371: 3360:. 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170:spring water 144: 139: 135: 131: 128:intermittent 96: 94: 72:Stream near 4633:Fly fishing 4557:Fish ladder 4542:Daylighting 4261:Flash flood 4224:First flush 4171:Plunge pool 3895:Downcutting 3880:Debris flow 3855:Aggradation 3729:Stream pool 3531:, StreamNet 3313:28 February 2535:26 November 2037:kreek, krik 1787:leaf litter 1753:salamanders 1734:Vertebrates 1716:crustaceans 1708:damselflies 1696:caddisflies 1504:photograph. 1483:water table 1387:Gangi River 1343:stream load 1337:Stream load 1265:first order 1194:evaporation 1187:, Australia 1121:anabranches 1111:Watercourse 917:Bifurcation 758:New England 668:Jones Falls 634:Other names 483:Battery Gut 441:separating 420:New England 397:New Zealand 177:water cycle 166:groundwater 110:within the 4797:Categories 4739:Wild river 4419:Hydrograph 4409:Hack's law 4374:Baer's law 4318:Inundation 4303:Floodplain 4243:stormwater 4201:Whitewater 4073:Oxbow lake 3910:Knickpoint 3885:Deposition 3778:Hot spring 3719:Streamflow 3709:Stream bed 3626:Confluence 3362:2022-12-14 3338:2008-04-24 3281:2020-05-18 3221:2018-05-08 3197:2011-12-11 3072:New Vision 3015:2021-10-14 2991:2017-12-15 2882:2022-04-05 2857:2022-04-05 2832:2022-04-05 2349:iTouch Map 2329:August 14, 2303:August 14, 1935:References 1849:Ohio River 1794:Importance 1770:floodplain 1740:amphibians 1714:and other 1704:stoneflies 1615:Subsequent 1605:Consequent 1493:See also: 1324:oxbow lake 1288:base level 1215:Stream in 1133:or cascade 1086:Streamflow 1072:Stream bed 986:Knickpoint 973:Headwaters 961:Floodplain 937:Confluence 692:New Jersey 616:confluence 552:such as a 471:Guinea Gut 431:salt marsh 247:, wetlands 159:daylighted 132:streamlets 4823:Hydrology 4709:Limnology 4658:Triathlon 4628:Canyoning 4597:Revetment 4527:Check dam 4439:Main stem 4196:Waterfall 4083:Point bar 4068:Mouth bar 4008:Billabong 3955:Water gap 3950:Wash load 3930:Saltation 3850:Anabranch 3773:Holy well 3661:Tributary 3083:31 August 2926:(3): 500. 2903:25 August 2404:August 9, 2379:August 9, 2354:August 9, 2294:"Ash Gut" 2278:August 8, 1872:pipelines 1859:Crossings 1738:Fish and 1639:Insequent 1633:Obsequent 1626:Resequent 1522:monsoonal 1475:ephemeral 1183:Creek in 1131:Waterfall 1066:sediments 1036:turbulent 1024:turbulent 975:or source 951:watershed 855:Old Norse 602:around a 596:flatlands 546:tributary 540:Tributary 515:navigable 389:Australia 337:A creek ( 260:Sheffield 215:hydrology 209:waterways 155:meltwater 91:, Germany 74:Montriond 64:, Finland 4512:Aqueduct 4379:Baseflow 4346:Effluent 4023:Cut bank 3988:Avulsion 3865:Bed load 3845:Abrasion 3488:Archived 3191:Archived 3172:Archived 3142:Archived 2783:Archived 2564:24321406 2483:Archived 2439:46393244 2252:Archived 2004:Archived 1960:Archived 1903:Head cut 1882:See also 1876:railways 1745:tadpoles 1724:bivalves 1712:Crayfish 1700:mayflies 1665:Isolated 1567:Apennine 1563:torrente 1376:Missouri 1348:velocity 1318:Meanders 1284:gradient 1272:Gradient 1206:glaciers 1175:, Alaska 1048:waterway 967:flooding 809:downland 714:Michigan 710:Maryland 688:Delaware 680:New York 666:and the 592:valleyed 518:waterway 447:seawater 416:Maryland 399:and the 303:Illinois 213:surface 197:corridor 36:Rivulets 4689:Aquifer 4682:Related 4638:Rafting 4166:Meander 4161:Log jam 4123:Thalweg 4028:Estuary 3900:Erosion 3837:erosion 3749:Springs 3704:Current 3671:Streams 3611:Channel 3574:springs 3570:streams 3243:. 2018. 2951:Bibcode 2374:Geoview 2212:"creek" 2182:"creek" 2153:"creek" 2087:"creek" 2050:"crick" 2021:"creek" 1975:"River" 1671:Perched 1653:Gaining 1629:stream. 1584:in the 1559:Italian 1555:torrent 1546:of the 1544:deserts 1313:Meander 1299:Profile 1253:Ranking 1217:Alberta 1157:Sources 1138:stratum 1104:Thalweg 1004:estuary 994:occurs. 931:erosion 925:Channel 875:Rivulet 791:Cumbria 724:Florida 628:channel 578:, or a 497:of the 489:in the 479:Cob Gut 467:Ash Gut 463:The Gut 406:In the 185:habitat 120:channel 108:flowing 4828:Rivers 4484:WAFLEX 4356:Sewage 4239:Floods 4181:Riffle 4176:Rapids 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